Dzo, Hainak, Hainik, Hainag ndi woweta wa ng'ombe zoweta ndi yak. Zosakanizidwa zoterezi ndizofala kwambiri ku Mongolia, Tibet ndi Nepal. Dz chinhu sichinthu, kwenikweni, winawake, wamba, monga zimachitika pafupipafupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi. Kunja, amafanana ndi ng'ombe, imangokhala ndi ponytail, kulemera kwamtundu wamphongo ndi 350-400 kg, ng'ombe - 250-300 kg, imakhala ndi zipatso zambiri, chifukwa chake amalandira mpaka malita 5000 a mkaka pachaka kwa iwo, omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino, ndiye kuti mkaka ndiwofanana chokoma ndi kununkhira bwino. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ma hybrids oterowo nthawi zambiri samabadwa, komabe, ntchito pazopanga zawo zachitika kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Funso lanzeru limakhala, chifukwa chiyani izi zidachitika? Zowonadi ndi zakuti dzoo imakhala zaka zakubadwa 35 mpaka 40, ndipo chaka chilichonse zimabereka, pomwe pafupifupi hydride imapatsa ng'ombe zazing'ono 9 kuposa ng'ombe wamba, pomwe zokolola sizabwino osachepera. Nthawi yomweyo, hybrids samakhala yoyera kumadyetsa ndi kusunga, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wa chakudya. Akazi okhaokha omwe amaphatikizidwa, omwe amatchedwa zomo kapena zamkati, ndi prodovat, amuna (zo) ndi osabala.
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti ma hybrids amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda, komanso olimba, motero ma dzos amatha kukoka ngolo yomwe imalemera mpaka 600 kg, yoposa ng'ombe wamba.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya hybrids:
- Golide wa haynak ndi wosakanizira wa mkazi wachikazi komanso ng'ombe yamtundu wa ku Mongolia, imawerengedwa kuti ndi yosakanizidwa kwambiri, chifukwa imakhala ndi mikhalidwe yapamwamba komanso siyodzikongoletsa pakudyetsa ndi chilengedwe. Wamkazi amanyamula ana 9 miyezi.
-siliva wa haynak - wamkazi wa ku mtundu waku Mongolia ndi ng'ombe ya yak - alibe zipatso zambiri kuposa msipu wagolide, komanso wosakanizidwa. Wamkazi amanyamula ana obadwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
- Orthom ndi wosakanizidwa m'badwo wachiwiri, ng'ombe za Hainak zili ndi ng'ombe yam'chimoji, mitundu yotsika yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuchokera pamitundu yonseyo, motero mbewuyo imakhala yopanda zipatso kwenikweni ndipo nthawi zina siyothandiza. Chifukwa chake, amayesa kuthana ndi nyama zoterezi.
Makhalidwe a Hainak
Ntchito yochotsa Hainaks yachitika kuyambira 1990. Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, ma hybrids oterewa ndi osowa kwambiri. Amuna a Hainak amatchedwa zo, ndipo akazi amatchedwa zomo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa Hainik kumafika zaka 36, pomwe iye amabereka chaka chilichonse. Kwa moyo wonse, ma hybrid awa amapereka ng'ombe 9 kutengera ng'ombe wamba. Hainak imapanga mkaka wa malita 5400 pachaka, ndipo ng'ombe imodzi yodzaza bwino nthawi zambiri imaperekanso malita a mkaka wa 4500. Nthawi yomweyo, mkaka wa haynak uli ndi mafuta okwanira 3.2%. Nyama yamoto imapezeka ma kilogalamu 150-200. Ubweya ndi khungu la izi zimakhala zolimba makamaka. Amuna a Hainak ndi osabala, ndiye kuti sabala ana.
Hainakov amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, popeza mtundu wawo wamkaka, komanso kupangira nyama izi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe wamba.
Hainaki ndiakulu kukula kuposa yaks; ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Ma hybrids, ngati yaks, ndi olimba kwambiri; Amuna amphongo ali ndi chikhalidwe choyipa kwambiri, atatha kupititsidwa amakhala olimba, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ng'ombe zogwira ntchito kunyamula katundu wolemera. Ng'ombe imodzi imatha kunyamula pafupifupi 6 centers.
Ng'ombe ya ku Mongolia ndi chikazi cha akazi chikawolokedwa, pamakhala mtundu wina wa haynak wosakanizidwa kapena altan haynak. Ndipo ng'ombe ya ku Mongolia ikawolokedwa ndi yak, pamakhala mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umatchedwa siliva haynak. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya hainak yagolide ndi yapamwamba kuposa siliva.
Mu yaks zazikazi ndi ng'ombe, nthawi yonyamula ma hybrids imasiyanasiyana. Yachikazi imakhala ndi mwana wosabadwa kwa miyezi 9, ndipo ng'ombeyo imakhala miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
Zophatikiza ndizokhazikika komanso zopindulitsa kuposa ng'ombe zoweta.
Hainagi, mosiyana ndi yaks, amatha kukhala ndi moyo osati mapiri atali okha, komanso madera otsika. Adadyera m'chigawo cha Tunkinsky komanso m'chigwa cha Sanaginsky, pomwe kutalika sikapitilira 1000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja.
M'malo otsika kwambiri, nyengo nyengo imakhala yabwino, kotero Hainaks ndiosavuta kubereka.
Kufotokozera kwa Hainak ndi moyo
Amakhulupilira kuti kuwoneka kwa ma hybrids kotereku kudachitika chifukwa choti pa rutaka panali amuna ambiri amphaka zakutchire omwe sanapeze akazi ndipo amabwera ng'ombe zazikazi zapakhomo. Maonekedwe osazolowereka, magulu akulu akulu adawopa ng'ombe zam'nyumba, koma ng'ombezo zidazilandira, ndipo zotsatira zake ana ang'ono onyowa adatulukira. Ndipo pamene anali kukula, eni akewo, pozindikira kuti mutha kupeza nyama yambiri ndi mkaka, adayamba kuwoloka ng'ombe wamba ndi yaks zoweta.
Kuyambira 1990, kuswana kwa hainaks kwakhala chuma cha asayansi, ndipo mitundu ingapo yasungidwa. Mwa njira, amuna a Hainak, ku Tibet amatcha Zo, ndipo akazi - Zomo. Mwakulemera, amuna a Hainaks amafika 400 kg, zazikazi pafupifupi 200 mpaka 300 kg.
Hainaki amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa ng'ombe wamba, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wabwino mpaka zaka 36, zomwe amapatsa mwana chaka chilichonse. Pa moyo wawo wonse, Hainaki amabweretsa ana a ng'ombe 910 kuposa ng'ombe wamba.
Kupanga kwa Hainak ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe wamba. Malita 5400 amkaka amadzidulira kuchokera kwa mkazi wa Hainak pachaka, pomwe ng'ombe wamba imabereka osaposa malita 4500. Mafuta a haynak mkaka ndi 3,2%. Nyama ya munthu wamkulu haynak imapeza makilogalamu 150-200 kuposa ng'ombe. Khungu la Hainak ndilokhalitsa, ndipo ubweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala komanso kuluka koluka. Amuna a Hainak samapereka ana, koma ichi sich cholepheretsa, popeza kuti kubisala mwaukadaulo kwakhala kukuchitika pakudula nyama.
Hainaki, mosiyana ndi yaks, amatha kukhala pachidikha, ndipo sachita mantha ndi kutentha kokwanira. Kwa zaka zingapo, Hainaks adagona ku Russia, Buryatia ndi Tuva. Hainak mkaka ndi nyama ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ku Russia, mtundu umodzi wa ng'ombe wawonjezeka.
Zoweta zanyama zamkati
7. Killer Whale - wakupha whale ndi wosakanizidwa wa dolphin
Kuchokera kwa wamwamuna wa chinsomba chaching'ono wakuda ndi dolphin yaikazi, nkhono zakupha zimawonekera. Ndi osowa kwambiri, ndipo zimadziwika kuti pali woimira m'modzi mndende.
8. Cow-njati - wosakanizidwa ng'ombe ndi njati
Ng'ombe ndi njati zakhala zikupezeka kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1900, pomwe amatchedwa Katalo. Njati zamphaka ndizathanzi kuposa ng'ombe ndipo zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kochepa kwa chilengedwe komwe zimadyetsa.
Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kuswana, pali mitundu 4 yokha ya njati zomwe zilibe geni la ng'ombe.
9. Loshak - wosakanizidwa wa bulu wamkazi ndi bulu
M'malo mwake, ma hinnie ndi kutsogolo kwa bulu. Nyulu ndi ana a bulu ndi maina, ndipo hin ndi wosakanizira wa bulu ndi bulu. Mitu yawo ili ngati ya kavalo, ndipo ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa nyulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hinnie ndi ochepa pakati kuposa abulu.
10. Narluha - wosakanizidwa wa narwhal ndi buluga whale
Nyama za Narwhal ndi beluga ndi nthumwi ziwiri za banja la narwhal, chifukwa chake sizosadabwitsa kuti amatha kudutsa.
Komabe, ndizosowa kwambiri. Posachedwa, adawoneka kawiri kawiri kum'mawa kwa Atlantic Ocean, komwe ambiri amawona ngati chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
11. Kama - wosakanizira ngamira ndi llama
Kama sanakhalepo mpaka 1998. Asayansi ena ku Camel Reproduction Center ku Dubai adaganiza zodutsa ngamira yamphongo yokhala ndi mkaka wamkazi kudzera pakugwirira, popeza adalandira woyamba.
Cholinga chake chinali kupanga ubweya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ngati nyama yonyamula. Mpaka pano, zopitilira ngamila zisanu ndi llama zapangidwa.
12. Hainak kapena Zo - wosakanizira ng'ombe ndi yak
Zo (yamuna) ndi zomo (chachikazi) ndi ma hybrids pakati pa ng'ombe zoweta ndi yaks zakuthengo. Amapezeka kwambiri ku Tibet ndi ku Mongolia, komwe amakhala amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha phindu lalikulu la nyama ndi mkaka. Ndizokulirapo komanso zamphamvu kuposa ng'ombe ndi ma yak, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yonyamula.
Zomera za nyama
13. Leopon - wosakanizidwa wa nyalugwe ndi mkango wa mkango
Kuchokera kwa achimuna achimuna ndi mkango wa mkango, kachiromboka kamaonekera. Izi ndizosatheka kuthengo, chifukwa nyalugwe zonse zidalimidwa muukapolo. Nyalugwe zimakhala ndi mutu ndi mkango wa mkango, ndi thupi la nyalugwe.
14. Nkhosa ndi mbuzi zosakanizidwa
Mbuzi ndi nkhosa zimawoneka ofanana kwambiri, koma ndizosiyana kwambiri kuposa momwe zimawonekera poyang'ana koyamba. Zophatikiza zachilengedwe pakati pa nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimabadwa ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri. Nyama yotchedwa mbuzi ndi nkhosa za mu mbewa zidakula mwakudya zochokera ku mbuzi ndi maimbuzi a nkhosa.
15. Yaglev - wosakanizidwa wa mbewa komanso mkango wamphamvu
Yaglev ndi wosakanizira wa mbewa zachimuna ndi mkango wa mkango. Ma Yaglars awiri, otchedwa Jazhara ndi Tsunami, adabadwira ku Bear Creek Ontario.
16. Mulard - chosakanizidwa cha bakha wamtchire ndi wowoneka bwino
Mulard ndi mtanda pakati pa bakha wamtchire ndi bakha wa musky. Bakha wa musky amakhala ku South ndi Central America ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kakang'ono kofiyira kowoneka bwino pankhope. Madzi onenepa amapangidwa chifukwa cha nyama ndi nkhanu, ndipo iwo eni sangathe kubereka.
17. Njati - wosakanizidwa wa ng'ombe ndi njati
Njati ndi wosakanizira ng'ombe ndi njati. Njati m'njira zambiri zimadutsa ng'ombe zoweta, popeza zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zoteteza ku matenda.
Anawaganizanso kuti ng'ombe zitha kulowedwa m'malo ndi ng'ombe, koma njati zinangokhala m'gulu lokha ku nkhalango ya Bialowieza ku Poland.
Yasha ndi abusa ake
Mtsogoleri wa gulu la Perm ndi Yasha njati. Pali akazi asanu mu akazi ake. Yasha amachita bata, “akumanga” akazi ake. Poyerekeza ndi "atsikana", Yasha amakhala wankhanza kwambiri, amawoneka mopanda chidwi kwa alendo. Mbuye akabwera kwa iye, mtsogoleri wa njatiyo am'patsa moni, ndikugwedeza mutu wake waukulu.
Yasha ali ndi zaka zitatu. Amadziwikirabe mwana wa ng'ombe. Zoyenda zimalemera pafupifupi 800 kg. Pakupita zaka zingapo, Yasha adzakhala atabereka kale. Ndipo zaka 6-8, azitha kulemera kwambiri - kuposa tani. Amayi a ana ake osabadwa - wa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, kutalika ndi kulemera kwawo ndi otsika kwambiri kwa "amuna" awo. Olga Gribanova adati akaziwo adachokeradi kwa amayi awo. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yomwe amakhala ku Perm ndi miyezi yawo yoyima payokha.
Orthom - m'badwo wachiwiri wa hybrids
Pamene mkazi wa Hainak aberekedwa ndi ng'ombe ya ku Mongolia, orth imapezeka. Buryats adayesera kuthana ndi orthoms, chifukwa ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe zaku Mongolia, amakhala ndi mkaka wochepa, ndipo pambali pake, sangathe kulekerera kuzizira. Kuchokera ku orth, kumakhala mbadwo womwe umasinthika kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo komanso wopanda kulemera kwenikweni. Ana otere adalandira dzina "m'mimba mwa madzi."
Ngati mukupeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl Enter.
Ng'ombe zamphongo = bifalo
Dziko la njati ndi North America. Nthawi zingapo chiwerengero chawo chinafikira anthu 2 miliyoni. Koma mu 1890, nyama zokwanira 635 zokha ndizomwe zidatsalira. Popha nyama, amafuna kubweretsa amwenyewo kuti afe ndi njala. Njati zidawombera ng'ombe ndi mitembo yawo kutsalira kuti zivunde mumapondowo.
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa njati kwabwezedwanso mpaka 40,000. Sakukhalanso kuthengo, koma amangokhala mu bisonaria - malo osungirako apadera. Kupha ndizoletsedwa. Ndipo, monga Olga Gribanova amavomereza, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti njatiyo yalola kuti ichotsedwe. Olga anati: "Tiyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi malamulo okhwima.
Monga momwe mlimiyo avomerezera, ntchito yayikulu kwa iye sikusunga njati (ngakhale iyi ndi udindo wake monga mwini wa nyama yosowa), koma kubereketsa ng'ombe za Hereford ndi njati. Wosakanizidwa wotero ku Europe amatchedwa bifalo, ndipo ku South America amadziwika bwino monga Catalo.
Moyo wanga wonse panja
Mbidzi ndi zoweta zabwino kwa alimi. Sakufunikira chisamaliro. Nyama zimasungidwa panja, sizikhala ndi malo okhala ochepa. Inde, safuna. Njati zimalola kuzizira. Nthawi ya kubereka ili mu Januware. Monga Olga Gribanova ananenera, njati mwakachetechete zimangokhala chete mu chisanu.
“Ndipo ngakhale atadzaza madigiri a 40, mkaziyo amadzabereka ndendende momwe alili tsopano. Ngakhale mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene saopa chisanu chilichonse. Ichi ndi nyama yolimba kwambiri, yosagwira chisanu. Pafupifupi maola 1.5 mpaka 2 atabadwa, mwana wa ng'ombeyo amaimirira mwamphamvu miyendo inayi ndikutsatira amayi ake mosasamala, ”akutero.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, abulu a "njati" amayika "mabango" awiri pa ng'ombe iliyonse, kuphatikiza ndi amayi ake. Ndipo onse amakakamizidwa kuyang'anira khandalo.
Njati zosavomerezeka osati zamtundu wokha, komanso zakudya. Zili zosavomerezeka mu udzu, kudya zakudya zosakanizika ndi udzu. Nthawi zambiri njati zimatchedwa kuti makina abwino kwambiri odyetsera udzu. Ku America, palinso mwambi wina ngati: "Sipadzakhala njati - sipadzakhala udzu, sipangakhale udzu - sipakanakhala njati." Pikodzo la njati ndi feteleza kwa msipu wobiriwira, ”adatero wolowetsa nyamazo.