Stork-Razini - (Anastomus) ndi mtundu wa mbalame zam'miyendo zamtundu wa mbalame za agalu (onani AISTIC), zimaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: mbulu wa ku Asia (Anastomus oscitans) ndi chinzamba cha ku Africa (Anastomus lamelligerus), chakunja chofanana ndi mbuluzi weniweni. Razini ndi yosiyana ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Mabwana a Banja (Ciconiidae) - Tizilombo tambiri tambiri tomwe timakhala tomwe timayang'ana kumapeto ndi a banja la agulugufe. Chala chakumaso kwa agulu sichikulitsidwa bwino, zala zakumaso zitatu zimalumikizidwa pansi ndikumalo kakang'ono kosambira. Zingwe zomangira ndi ma membala ... ... Biological encyclopedia
Banja la Stork - Tizilombo ta mbalame ta m'mapazi timalemera kwambiri ndi mulomo wamtali, miyendo yayitali ndi zala zazifupi. Mlomo wawo ndi wautali, wowongoka, wamtali komanso wamizeremizere, umakhala wowongoka m'mwamba, mwa mitundu ina pakati pa zonse ... ... Zamoyo zaminyama
Chumba -Mawuwa amatanthauzanso tanthauzo, onani Stork (matanthawuzo). Akasitomala ... Wikipedia
Chumba (mfundo) - Stork: Banja la aciconia la mbalame kuchokera pagulu lanyimbo, lomwe limakwirira mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi inayi. Ana agalu ndi mtundu wa mbalame za mabanja a agalu. Klyuvachi storks Storks razini "Stork" ndi filimu yapamwamba ya Soviet ya 1968 yolembedwa ndi Moldavian director Valery Zheregi ... Wikipedia
Dokowe wachi India - Cikopa chachikulu ku India ... Wikipedia
Asia Stork - (Indian mbuluku lotseguka, siliva wankhokwe lotseguka, Anastomus oscitans), mitundu ya mbalame zam'miyendo zamtundu wa Stork zotseguka (onani Razini storks), kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 65 70. The plumage is white, ndi nthenga zobiriwira zakuda ndi nthenga za mchira. Limbani zobiriwira ... Dictionaryedic
Chule cha ku Africa - Chule cha ku Africa chimatseguka ... Wikipedia
Malo okhalamo
A Gongal amakhala m'malo onyowa, kuphatikizaponso malo osefukira, madzi osaya ndi nyanja zopanda. Minda yomwe madzi osefukira mmalo azulimi amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mpunga.
Madambo oterewa amapezeka pafupifupi pamtunda wa 385 mpaka 1,100 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Madzi mkati mwake amakhala akuya masentimita 10-50. Gongal, ngati mbalame yodambo, amafunika madzi okwanira kuti azikhazikika m'malo awa, omwe amatsimikizira chakudya chochuluka.
Indian Stork (Anastomus oscitans).
Kubalanso Mbuto
Ana a ku Razini amapanga ana awiri ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi mitala. Maanja okwatirana ambiri amakhala m'malo okhala mitengo. Amunawa, atakhala kudera linalake, amateteza malo awo osungira zakudya ndikuukira agulu ena. Zinthu zankhanzazi zimakakamiza amuna kuti azigwirizana nthawi zonse.
Mamembala abwinoko nthawi zambiri amagawana nawo ntchito yothandizira chisa. Kupanga, makulitsidwe ndi kusamalira ana zimagawananso chimodzimodzi pakati pa agulugufe omwe amakhala pamalo amodzi.
Kuphatikizana kwa ubale wa nesting kumathandizira kuti mitundu yonseyi ipulumuke ndipo ikuyenda bwino kwambiri pobereka, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza ana.
Mu nyengo yakukhwima, anyani amakopa zazikazi, kuwonetsa malo omwe angakhazikitsireko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopangira chisa. Khalidweli limalimbikitsa akazi kuti asankhe wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi zomanga zabwino. Mwanjira imeneyi, zazikazi zimatha kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikusunga mafuta ofunikira kwa mazira a nthawi yayitali.
Mamuna waulere amalowa m'gulu la amuna amtundu umodzi kapena kulowa m'malo mwa wamwamuna yemwe wamkazi amakhala naye pachiwopsezo.
Pokonzekera kukhwima, mbewa zouluka zimayandikana wina ndi mnzake, nthawi zambiri mbalame imodzi pamwamba pa inzake, kenako kupuma, kukhala pafupi ndi iyo panthambi. Nthawi zina mbalame zimawonetsedwa.
Nyengo yoswana ikuyamba kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka Disembala ndipo imafika pachimake pa nyengo yamvula yambiri ndikukhala ndi mvula yokwanira. Mbalame zonsezi zimagwira nawo ntchito yomanga chisa, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba, udzu, nthambi ndi zimayambira, zinthu zomangamanga zimasonkhanitsidwa makamaka ndi zazimuna. Zozizira zimakhala 15-60 mapazi pamwamba pa nthaka. Akazi amayikira mazira 2-5. Onse awiri amalimbitsa thupi kwa masiku 27-30. Achinyamata amadalira makolo awo kwa masiku 35-36, ndipo apitilizabe kudalira mpaka atakula, zomwe zimachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri. Pakadali pano, abulu aang'ono amachoka pachisa ndipo amatha kubereka mu chisa chomwe adasungidwa.
Nyama izi ndi mbalame zosamukira.
Zinthu za gongala
Nyani ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe kwambiri ndipo zimapanga timagulu tambiri pamitengo pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya agulugufe ndi mbalame zamadzi, monga heron. Malo otseguka ku Asia amaika zisa zawo kumtunda, ndikukhala pamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimasiyira mwayi mbalame zina kuti zitsike.
Nyumba za atsamunda zimathandiza magulu ambiri a agulu kuteteza bwino magulu a adani. Izi zimathandizira kupulumuka mwa ana.
Dera lotseguka ku Asia limatha kukhala ndi zisa 150, ndipo chilichonse chimakhala cha 100 cm mulitali komanso utali wa masentimita 30. Storks nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi madera awo, kumapita kutali makilomita 1-1,5 kokha kuti akapeze chakudya.
Mbidzi za ku Razini zimapewa malo okhala ouma.
Zoo. Gawo 3
Bisquit / Musikladen Gogos Girl- Zoo Zoo (1981)
Yambani ndi mawu oyamba ndi zomwe zilipo: Zoo. Gawo 1.
Kupitiliza (ndi zisindikizo!): Zoo. Gawo 2.
Zambiri pa nkhaniyi zimaperekedwa ndi mtolankhani. wariwona
Shaki ya Coromandel, kapena shaki yokhala ndi khungu loyera (lat. Carcharhinus dissumieri) ndi mtundu wamtundu wa amphaka amphongo a banja la Carcharhinidae.
Amakhala ku Indian Ocean komanso Western Pacific. Imagawidwa mozama m'madzi am'mbali mwa Persian Gulf mpaka pakuya kwa mamita 170.
Izi ndizofala kwambiri, koma mtundu wochepa kwambiri wophunziridwa wa shaki.
Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN) lalamula mtundu wa shaki dzina la Near to Vulnerability (NT).
Sizowopsa kwa anthu.
Dzina lachilendo la Chilatini limaperekedwa polemekeza Jean-Jacques Dussumier wa ku France (1792-1883).
Shaki yaying'ono, yayitali kutalika pafupifupi 100 cm, kutalika kotalika masentimita 90. Msodzi wa Coromandel amakhala ndi thupi lalitali lotalikirana, mphuno yayitali yozungulira, maso akuluakulu ozungulira, malo okwera, ngunda yayikulu yoyamba ya dorsal, maziko ake ili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa zipsepse zamakutu.
Ndalama yachiwiri ya dorsal ndiyitali; kutalika kwake ndi 4% ya kutalika kwa thupi. Mtundu pamwamba ndi imvi, m'mimba muli zoyera. Monga lamulo, pali kulumikizana pakati pa zipsepse zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri. Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu ndi malo akuda pa dorsal fin yachiwiri. Mano akumtunda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika atatu ndipo ali ndi gawo lopendekera lowongoka, ma serration akuluakulu amapitilira mbali yakutsogolo, m'mphepete yakumaso yokutidwa ndi mano ang'ono. Gill amadula asanuawiri kutalika kwapakatikati.
Shaki wokongola (lat. Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamatsitsi (Carcharhinus).
Asombawa amakhala m'madzi otentha a dera la Indo-Pacific kuchokera ku Gulf of Aden kupita kugombe lakumpoto kwa Australia. Amapezeka mumtsinje wamadzi mozama mpaka 50. Kutalika kwakukulu kojambulidwa ndi 1.7 m. Ali ndi thupi looneka ngati mawonekedwe, chikomacho, ndi zipsepse zamkati. Malangizo a zipsepse ndi zakuda.
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi nsomba za bony, komanso cephalopods ndi crustaceans. Izi shaki zimabereka ana obadwa, mu zinyalala mpaka ana 9, mimba imatenga miyezi 9 mpaka 10. Ku Australia, kubereka kumachitika mu Januwale ndi Febere. Mtunduwu umawonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa kwa anthu, ngakhale kuti palibe kuwopsa kamodzi komwe kudalembedwa. Ndizosangalatsa zausodzi wamalonda.
Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa koyamba ndi wasayansi wa ku Giligala Gilbert Percy Whiteleyruen mu 1934 monga Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides. Katswiriyu wasanthula wachikazi wosakwana 60 cm, yemwe anakafika pagombe la Queensland.
Monga oimira ambiri amtundu wamtundu wamatsitsi, ubale wa phylogenetic wa Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides samatanthauziridwa kwathunthu. Kutengera morphology, a Jack Garrickruen mu 1982 adazindikira kuti mitundu yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi shaki wamaso akuda, ndipo mitundu iwiriyi, ndiyomwe imayandikira nsombayo waimaso.
Mu 1988, a Leonard Compagnoruen adachita kafukufuku wa phylogenetic ndipo adayikanso mitundu iwiriyi mgulu limodzilo limodzi ndi Carcharhinus leiodon ndi shaki yotuwa imvi. Komabe, kafukufuku wamamolekyulu a phylogenetic sanatsimikizire kuyandikira kwa zazifupi zazifupi, zofanana, komanso zazimaso zakuda.
Shaki shark (lat. Carcharhinus cautus) ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya akambuku amphaka amtundu wa banja la Carcharhinidae.
Shark iyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chamanyazi anthu. Amakhala m'madzi osaya kumpoto kwa Australia, Papua New Guinea ndi Solomon Islands. Imeneyi ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono kwambiri ka bulauni kapena kakulidwe ka mtundu wa shaki 1.0-1.3 m. Ili ndi phokoso lalifupi, losaoneka bwino, maso osazungulira komanso lingaliro lalikulu lachiwiri lachifumu. M'mphepete zam'mphepete muli malire akuda, m'munsi mwa ziphuphu za kumapiri ndi nsonga yakuda.
Mu 1945, Gilbert Percy Whiteley wa ku Australia adafotokoza za shaki wamanyazi ngati kagulu kakang'ono ka Galeolamna greyi (yemwe ndi yemwenso ali wachichepere kwambiri amafananizira za shark yakuda ya Carkarhinus). Mitundu epithet imachokera ku liwu loti lat. cauta amasamala ndi machitidwe ake owopsa akamakumana ndi anthu.
Olemba pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti shark ndi mtundu wina wa mtundu wa Carcharhinus. Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa potengera za kafukufuku wamkhungu ndi mano a mayi wamtali wamasentimita 92, wogwidwa ku Shark Bay ku Western Australia.
Kutengera ndi morphology, a Jack Garrick mu 1982 ananena kuti shaki yamanyazi imakhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi nsomba ya Malagasy nocturnal shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus). Leonard Compagno mu 1988 adasankha mitundu iwiriyi ndi mitundu yakuda (Carcharhinus acronotus), yopapatiza (Carcharhinus brachyurus), silika (Carcharhinus falciformis) ndi shark waku Cuban nocturnal shark (Carcharhinus signatus). Ubale wapakati pa shark wamantha ndi shark wa Malgash unatsimikiziridwa mu 1992 ndi kusanthula kwa allozyme komanso mu 2011 ndi kafukufuku wazokhudza zida za nyukiliya komanso mitochondrial.
Shaki yaimvi ya nkhumba.
Grey Shark wa nkhumba (lat. Carcharhinus amboinensis) nsomba yolusa yochokera ku mtundu wa Carcharhinus wa banja la akhungu achimvi (Carcharhinidae). Amakhala m'madzi ofunda a kum'mawa kwa Atlantic komanso kumadzulo kwa dera la Indo-Pacific.
Amakonda madzi opanda matope okhala ndi pansi lofewa, okhala ndi malo okhala pawokha. Ali ndi thupi lalikulu lokhazikika. Kunja, akuwoneka ngati shaki zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Mitundu iyi imasiyana mu kuchuluka kwa ma vertebrae, kukula kwa kukula kwa zipsepse zamkati ndi zina zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zamtunduwu zimafikira kutalika kwa 1.9-2,5 m.
Mbawala zazimvi za nkhumba ndimatsenga oopsa omwe amasaka kwambiri m'munsi mwa mzere.
Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi bony ndi nsomba za cartilaginous, crustaceans, mollusks, njoka zam'madzi ndi anamgumi. Izi shaki zimaberekanso pobadwa, maimelo amalandila chakudya kudzera pakalumikizana.
Mu zinyalala kuchokera kwa ana atatu mpaka 13, mimba imatenga miyezi 9-12. Asodzi achichepere amakhala zaka zoyambirira za moyo wawo m'malo otetezeka, komwe mayendedwe awo amafanana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nyengo. Kukula ndi mano a amphaka amphaka amaso zimawapangitsa kukhala owopsa kwa anthu, ngakhale kuti palibe zojambulidwa zomwe zalembedwa mpaka pano. Nthawi zina, asodzi amtunduwu amagwidwa mu nsomba zotsalira ndi ukada ndi kugwira asodzi a nsomba. Nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Akatswiri azomera zaku Germany a Johann Muller ndi a Jacob Henle anali oyamba kufotokozera za sayansi yatsopanoyo monga Carcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis mu 1839. Pambuyo pake, nyamazo zidapatsidwa mtundu wamtundu wamakedzana. Holotype anali wachikazi wowala wazitali masentimita 74, wolandidwa ku Ambon Island, Indonesia, dzina lomwe mtundu wa epithet unaperekedwa. Masinthidwe angapo ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu amadziwika, omwe Triaenodon etiusus adafotokozedwa pamaziko a mwana wosabadwayo kumapeto kwa kukula.
Kutengera kufanana komwe kulipo pakati pa Carcharhinus amboinensis ndi shaki zosaneneka, akuti akatswiri ofufuza a phylogenetic ofotokoza morphology awulula ubale wapakati pa mitunduyi. Komabe, lingaliro ili silinatsimikizidwe ndi maphunziro a maselo a phylogenetic.
Kuwunika kwa ma shaki omwe amakhala kudera lakumpoto la Australia kukuwonetsa kuti mbiri yakusinthika kwa mitunduyi idasinthidwa ndi kusintha kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi ya Pleistocene. Mkhalidwe wa kusiyanasiyana wopezeka mu DNA ya mitochondrial ndikugwirizana ndi kupatukana ndi kuphatikizana kwa anthu chifukwa cha zotchingira kwina komwe kumawonekera kapena kusowa.
Zopinga zaposachedwa pa izi zinali mlatho wam'mphepete mwa Torres Strait, womwe udapangikanso zaka 6,000 zapitazo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawanika kwakakulu pakati pa asodzi omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Western Australia ndi Northern Territories, komanso anthu okhala m'madzi a Queensland.
Carcharhinus amboinensis amakhala m'madzi otentha komanso opezeka kum'mawa kwa Atlantic (South Africa), ku Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Hindustan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia) komanso kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean (Papua New Guinea, Australia). Mwachidziwitso, mtundu wawo sufotokozedwa chifukwa chofanana kwambiri ndi shaki. Kummawa kwa Atlantic, amapezeka pafupi ndi Cape Verde ndi Senegal, komanso kuchokera ku Nigeria kupita ku Namibia. Pali mbiri imodzi yokha yopezeka ya nsomba zamtunduwu mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean pambali pa gombe la Crotone, Italy.
Zolemba ndi ma genetic zikuwonetsa kuti Carcharhinus amboinensis, makamaka achichepere, samasuntha ndipo amamangidwa kumalo enaake. Mtunda waukulu kwambiri wojambulidwa ndi shaki wamtunduwu anali 1080 km.
Nyama yoopsa kwa anthu, koma pakadali pano palibe milandu yokhudza mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba zomwe zaperekedwa kwa anthu.
Mu 1994, mlandu wa chiphezi cha anthu kumadzulo kwa Madagascar atatha kudya ma shaki amaso amtunduwu adalembedwa.
Anthu 500 adakhudzidwa, 98 mwa iwo adamwalira.
Zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni ndi ciguater.
Siguater kapena chiguater (Spanish. Ciguatera) ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pomwe mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'matanthwe imadyedwa, zimakhala zake zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni wakupha, siguatoxin.
7) Feline (nyanja) itter.
Mphaka otter (lat. Lontra felina) - nyama yam'madzi yosowa komanso yosakonda kuphunzira.
Imapezeka m'malo otentha komanso otentha a Pacific gombe la South America kuchokera kumpoto kwa Peru mpaka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Cape Horn. Chiwerengero chochepa cha ma ottery apanyanja asungidwa ku Argentina pagombe lakummawa kwa Tierra del Fuego.
Ma otter a kunyanja amayambitsidwa kuzilumba za Falkland, komwe amabweretsedwa, pano pano amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Nyanja yotentha ndiyo yaying'ono kwambiri mwa mitundu yoyambira ya mtundu wa Lontra. Thupi lake limakhala lozungulira, losalala, lodutsa, ndipo miyendo yake ndiyifupi komanso yolimba. Mosiyana ndi ma ottery ena okhala ndi undercoat yofewa, ma ottery a nyanja amakhala ndi ubweya wokhala ndi wandiweyani, tsitsi lolimba. Tsitsi lakunja lili ndi kutalika kwa 20 mm, undercoat 12 mm. Nyanja yotentha ilibe malo osungiramo mafuta, ndipo ubweya ndiwo mphamvu yake yokha yosungitsa kutentha kwa thupi m'madzi ozizira. Kapangidwe ka ubweya kamalola kuti nyanjayi isanthe kuti chisa chamkati chikhale chanyowa.
8) Herbivorous Dracula.
Herbivore Dracula (lat. Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum) ndi chinyama chochokera kubanja la milenyama yokhala ndi Leaf (Phyllostomidae). Ngakhale dzina lake loipali, cholengedwa chilibe vuto lililonse. Mukumwa magazi a anthu sanazindikire, Amadyetsa yekha zamkati zamitundu yamphepo komanso kucha.
Izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Imapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha za ku South America.Zimapezeka ku Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela ndi Colombia, makamaka m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Andes.
Anthu ochepa amapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma za malo ouma. Amatha kukhala paphiri komanso m'mapiri mpaka 2250 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Nthawi zina khalani m'mafamu komanso mkati mwa mzinda.
Herbivorous Dracula amakhala awiriawiri kapena mosilira. Amakhala moyo wamadzulo. Masana, nyama zimabisala m'mapanga, m'mphepete mwa pansi kapena m'makona akuthwa amitengo ya ficus.
Mutu ndi thupi m'litali pafupifupi 53-57 mm, kutsogolo mpaka 40-42 mm. Mtundu wa ubweya umakhala wonyezimira pamwamba komanso wa bulauni pansi. Tsitsi loyera limodzi limamera pakati kumbuyo. Kulemera sikupitirira 15-18 g. Zotsalira za mchira sizowonekera.
Pamapeto pa chisa chake pali tsamba lotchedwa chikopa. Amuna, amakula kwambiri kuposa akazi. Makutu ndi akulu komanso amakono patatu.
Amuna pa nape ali ndi khola lalikulu la khungu. Masana kugona tulo, amatseka maso ake ngati chophimba kuti kuwala kowala kusasokoneze kupumula kwabwino. Akazi alibe khola lotere.
Dracula amabala kawiri pachaka nyengo yamvula isanayambe. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu.
Pazaka khumi zapitazi, oimira ochepa chabe a mtunduwu adagwa m'manja mwa akatswiri a zoology, kotero sizimamvetseka bwino.
Makoswe Ochenjera. Akomisy.
Makoswe a singano, Akomisa (Acomys) ndi mtundu wa makoswe am'banja lamaubina.
Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 7-13, mchira wa 6-13 cm.Maso akulu ndi makutu akulu ozungulira.
Kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi singano weniweni, pafupifupi ngati hedgehog. Nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu, otuwa, kapena imvi.
Kunja kwa thupi kumakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera.
Kwa amuna akuluakulu, ubweya wautali pakhosi umakhala wopondera.
Makoswe a singano amatha kusinthanso.
Pakachitika ngozi, mbewa zimathira khungu lawo, omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri nthawi 20 kuposa mbewa wamba.
Zilonda sizikhala pamalo ovulala, monga zimakhalira mwa zolengedwa, koma kusinthika kwathunthu kumachitika.
Poyamba maselo a epithelial amasamukira pamwamba pa bala, kenako pansi pawo, kudzikundikira kwa ma cell ofanana ndi embryonic.
Kuchokera pamasamba omaliza, masamba atsitsi lathunthu amayamba kukula.
Homeland Akomis Front Asia, makamaka Saudi Arabia, zilumba za Kupro ndi Krete ndi ambiri a Africa.
Pali mitundu ingapo m'chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri ali mu ukapolo Cairo (Acomys cahirinus).
Amakhala mumabowo omwe amadzimba okha, koma amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo a makoswe ena. Amagwira makamaka m'mawa komanso kumapeto kwa usiku, amadyetsa makamaka zakudya zamafuta. Khalani m'magulu.
Makoswe a singano amasungidwa ngati ziweto.
Mumtundu wa mbewa za singano, mitundu itatu ya subgenera ndi mitundu 20 imasiyanitsidwa.
Kuyimba mbewa za Costa Rica ndi Panama.
Sergey Marchenko - Mlangizi wa Post.)
Makoswe osadziwika amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Panama ndi Costa Rica - mbewa Alston.
Zowona, akatswiri ena a sayansi amakhulupirira kuti Scotinomys teguina ali pachibwenzi ndi hamsters kuposa mbewa.
Komabe, izi sizosiyana nawo, koma chakuti nyama zazing'onozi zimatha kuyimba.
Zowona, amuna okha ndi omwe amayimba, ndikupanga mazana a mawu, kuphatikiza komwe kumalola maulendowa kukopa akazi, kuchenjeza omenyera, kuteteza madera awo, ndi zina.
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, amuna nthawi yamatunduza kapena pakakhala kusagwirizana (chifukwa cha gawo lomwelo) amayimba, osasokoneza wina ndi mnzake, ngati amuna ophunzira kwambiri.
Ofufuza ku yunivesite ya New York atsimikiza kuti mawu mu ubongo wa mbewa za Alston amawongoleredwa ndi gawo lapadera, lofanana ndi lomwe limayambitsa kuyankhula komanso luso lomveka lofananira mwa anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, simunadzifunse kuti bwanji mumapanga mawu osavuta, ngakhale ovuta kwambiri, osaganizira konse za izo, nyimbo zomwe mumutu wanu zimachokera kuti, ndi zina zotero?
Ndipo chinthu chonsecho ndicholondola m'bwalo la ubongo, kuphwanya komwe munthu amalephera kuyankhula, mwachitsanzo, ndi ziwengo, kumenyedwa, kuvulala kumutu.
Anthu, zomwe sizoyenera kuyesa pazotsatira zamitsempha pamalopo, atero a Michael Long, m'modzi wa asayansi ku yunivesite ya New York, chifukwa chake sitimamvetsetsa momwe ntchito yapa dera lino laubongo, zifukwa zomwe amaphwanya.
Koma likukhalira kuti mbewa zaku Scotinomys teguina ndi nyama zoyesera kwambiri pamankhwala amanjenje, ndipo iwo, ndikuganiza,
itithandiza kuwulula zinsinsi pankhani iyi ya zamankhwala.
Pakadali pano, abambo a Alston akupitiliza kuyimba nyimbo zawoos m'nkhalango za Panama ndi Costa Rica, osakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti kuimba kwawo ndikofunika osati kokha kuti kulumikizane mdera lawo, komanso kwa anthu. Komabe, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mumvere kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mawu ngati awa ndikudziyesa nokha (onani kanema).
Pomaliza, tikuwonjezera: Ofufuza aku America ku Duke University adapeza kuti pafupifupi mbewa zonse zimayimba.
Zowona, kuyimba kwawo kumachitika m'njira zomwe munthu samamva. Zinafika poti ma Scotinomys teguina okha ndi omwe amatha kuyimba kuti ngakhale anthu azimva. Ndikudabwa kuti bwanji adapatsidwa talente yotere, kapena mwina chilango chotere.
Wogwiritsa ntchito zida za ku Uganda + Torah shrew.
Tithokoze Mnzathu tibet888 pankhaniyo!
Asayansi apeza mwala wina wapadera womwe umatha kuchirikiza kulemera kwa ngakhale munthu wangwiro kwambiri.
Mphamvu ndi kupirira kotereku zimaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a msana wa nyama iyi.
Shakira wokhala ndi zida ku Uganda ndiye mtundu wachilendo kwambiri pakati pa nyama zazing'ono zazikazi.
Ndi ya mtundu wachilengedwe Scutisorex ndipo, mpaka posachedwapa, inali mtundu wake wokhawo. Kupadera kwa yaying'ono yotetezedwa ndi kupilira kwake kodabwitsa: wochenjera amatha kupiriranso kulemera kambiri nthawi yakwawo.
Mtunduwu udapezeka posachedwapa ku Democratic Republic of the Congo, ndipo ndi nyama yachiwiri yodabwitsa yokhala ndi msana wapadera. Nyama yoyamba yotere, ya ku Uganda yopanga zida (ku Scutisorex somereni), idapezeka ku Democratic Republic of the Congo mu 1910.
Kenako ofufuzawo adachita chidwi ndi kapangidwe kake kodabwitsa ka msana wake, wopindika modabwitsa, wokhala ndi zitseko zamtundu wina ndi mnzake chimodzimodzi ndi mano a m'nsagwada yapamwamba komanso yakumunsi. Popeza kulemera kwa thupi (pafupifupi 100 g), msana uwu unakhala wolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi malinga ndi mphekesera, bambo wamkulu amatha kuyimirira pachilala chaching'ono ichi popanda kuthana ndi nsana wake.
Komabe, ngati wina ayesa kuyang'ana izi, sizikudziwika kuti sizikudziwika bwanji chifukwa chomwe chimawonekeranso mphamvu yam'mbuyo komanso ntchito zomwe amachita. Kuchokera pakuwona thupi, izi ndizogulira mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kuwononga mphamvu, calcium, komanso tili ndi cholinga chomwe sichikudziwika.
Ndipo posachedwa, a Rainer Hutterer ndi anzawo aku Bonn Zoological Museum adapeza m'nkhalango za ku Congo m'bale wina watsopano wa gulu lankhondo la ku Uganda, yemwe adalandira dzina loti Scutisorex thori mwachidziwikire, ndi lingaliro la mulungu wamphamvu waku Scandinavia Thor. Kapangidwe ka chigaza ndi msana wa konkire uku akuwonetsa kuti ikuyimilira pakatikati pa chisinthiko kuchokera kumakono wamba kupita kumawonekedwe agulu lankhondo la ku Uganda. Mwina kupeza kumeneku kungatilimbikitse kufotokoza tanthauzo la mphamvu ya msana wake.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu achijeremani amati munthu wonyamula zida ndi msuweni wake watsopanoyo amafunika kubwezeretsa nyamayi kuti ibisike kumapeto amiyala yamasamba, kapena kuti mphutsi zikhale pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu. Komabe, izi ndizongoganizira chabe, mainjiniya akuwona kale msana wachilendo wa izi: mwina angalole kulengedwa kwa zida zopanga zamphamvu zosafunikira.
Nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza anthu, zimakhala ndi ma vertebrae asanu kumunsi kwa unyolo waukulu, wokhala ndi nthambi zingapo zingapo. Komabe, a Bill Stanley, katswiri wa zoyezera zanyama ku Chicago Field Museum, wopanga zida za ku Uganda ali ndi 10te vertebrae yokhala ndi mafupa ambiri wolumikizira mafupa, ndikuwapatsa mwayi wosaneneka mu ufumu wa nyama.
Ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri malinga ndi malipoti olembedwa a ofufuza a ku Congo cha kumayambiriro kwa 1900s, munthu atayimirira kumbuyo kwamamenyedwe kwa mphindi zisanu, nyamayo idakhala yotetezeka ndikumveka, akutero a Stanley. Komabe, a Stanley yekha satsimikiza kuti nkhaniyi ndi chowonadi chokhacho, popeza sanayerekeze kubwereza kuyesayesa koopsa, koma, m'malingaliro ake, zikuwonetsa bwino mbiri ya nkhondo pakati pa anthu amtundu wa Mangbet. Akuluwo akuti kuvala mafupa amtunduwu ngati talismans kumateteza asitikali ku nthungo komanso zipolopolo. Kuchokera pachikhulupiriro ichi, dzina la m'derali la gule ndi ngwazi ya armadillo.
Komabe, pamene Stanley adatsegula mtundu wina wamtundu womubweretsera iye kuti adziwe, adangodabwa. Ndangokhala ndi tsekwe kumbuyoku, akutero. Wosamalira mawotowo anazindikira kuti anali kuthana ndi mtundu wina watsopano wamanja omata, womwe umakhala ndi msana wabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi fanizo lomwe linapezedwa kale.
Stanley adawona kuti mafupa a Thor, pomwe gulu lake lidayamba kuitana nyamayo pakati pawo, imangokhala ndi ma vertebrae asanu ndi atatu kumbuyo kwenikweni, ndipo mawonekedwe a bony pa iwo ndi ocheperako kuposa omwe ali ndi shrew arm arm ya Uganda.
Stanley ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adati nkhondo yomenyera ya Thor ndi njira yosinthira mu mbiri yakusinthika kwa ma shrews, omwe msana wake udayamba kwakutali, m'malo mofulumira, monga asayansi ena amanenera.
Thor's shrew ndi chitsanzo chachikulu cha chiphunzitso cha kuyanjana pang'onopang'ono. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi, m'kusintha kwa nyama kumakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pomwe mitundu sinasinthe kwambiri. Koma kenako kusinthika kwa chisinthiko kumachitika mwachangu, kenako mitundu yatsopano ya zolengedwa, watero m'modzi wa olemba kafukufukuyu, William Stanley.
Pakadali pano, palibe amene anganene motsimikiza pomwe olengedwa anapeza msana wawo wamphamvu. Koma chifukwa chomwe amamufunira, akatswiri a sayansi atipangira kale malingaliro.
Msana waonyamula mfuti umakhala ndi 4% ya kulemera kwa thupi, osati 0.5-1.6%, monga zolengedwa zinanso zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, ma vertebrae ake onse samangokhala ndi machitidwe amotsatira, komanso a otsika (a mkati) ndi apamwamba (a dorsal). Komanso msana wa lumbar uli ndi ma vertebrae 11, ndipo osati 5, ngati ma vertebrates ena. Zonsezi zimalimbitsa msana ndikuzipangitsa kuti ziziyenda kwambiri.
Mwa njira, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mafupa, chovala chankhondo chimatha kudya kwambiri ma invertebrates, mpaka masentimita asanu kutalika. Zakudya zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono, kafadala, nyerere, agulugufe, ndi ma invertebrates ena. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama yapadera kunkhalango za Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda ndi Rwanda.
Razini inanso (lat. Anastomus) ndi mtundu wa mbalame kuchokera ku banja la Ciconiidae (Ciconiidae), kuphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: Chule cha ku Africa (Anastomus lamelligerus) ndi dokowe waku India (Anastomus oscitans).
Woyamba wa iwo amakhala ku South Africa Republic ndi Madagascar, wachiwiri umapezeka ku Southeast Asia. Zitsamba za Razini zimadziwika ndi ma siliva, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zakuda, azungu nawonso amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Mlomo wawo umasinthidwa kuti uzigwiritsa ntchito posankha ma nyemba ndi zina zomwe zimadya nawo. Kuphatikiza pa mollusks, nsomba zazinkhanira zazing'ono zimaphatikizidwanso muzakudya zawo. Mkati mwa chaka, mpaka ana amuna atatu amatha kubadwa mu dokowe la Razini. Nyama ndi mbalame zosamukira zomwe zimapewa chilala chokhala ndi malo amtunda obisika.
Korona wokhala ndi korona (lat. Bugeranus carunculatus) ndi mbalame yayikulu yam'banja la nkhanu zowona, woyimira yekha wa genotypic genus Bugeranus.
Amakhala ku West ndi South Africa. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha ndolo zapadera pakati pa akamba, njira ziwiri zazitali zachikopa pansi pa chibwano, yokutidwa ndi nthenga zazing'ono. Chiwerengero chonsecho ndi mbalame pafupifupi 8,000.
Zowonjezera zam'mbuyo ndi mapiko ndi imvi. Nthenga pa koronayo ndi khungu lamtambo lamdima, kumapeto kwa mutu, pamatako, khosi ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi kuyera. Pafupifupi mlomo m'maso muli malo owoneka bwino ofiira, ofiira khungu.
Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a mbalamezi. Ambiri amakhala m'maiko a South ndi Central Africa, Angola, Botswana, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia ndi Tanzania.
Anthu ochepa okhala kutali ndi mbalame zina amakhala kumapiri a ku Ethiopia. Mbalame mazana angapo amakhala okhaokha ku South Africa. Ndende yayikulu kwambiri (yoposa theka la mikoko yonse) idalembedwa ku Zambia ku Kafue National Park, ndipo chidwi chachikulu cha mbalamezi chimawonedwa ku Okavango River Delta ku Botswana.
Mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya cranes yomwe imakhala ku Africa, nsomba zam'madzi ndizomwe zimadalira kwambiri kukhalapo kwa madambo omwe amadyapo ndi zisa. M'mphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu yaku America, monga Zambezi ndi Okavango, ndimalo omwe amakonda mbalamezi, koma amapezekanso kumapiri.
African belladonna, kapena paradiso (crane (mapiko anayi)), kapena crane wa Stanley (lat. Anthropoides parus) ndi mbalame zamtundu wa crane, zomwe zimakhala ku South Africa ndi Namibia.
Ili ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri pakati pa banja lonse, ngakhale kufalikira kokwanira ndipo mkati mwa chiwerengero chake akuyerekezedwa anthu 20,000-21,000.
Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mbalamezi m'malo ambiri zidatheretu kapena kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Makamaka, kutheratu kwa mitunduyo kumawonedwa m'dera la Transkei kum'mawa kwa South Africa, ku Lesotho ndi Swaziland. M'madera ena, monga zigawo zakum'mawa kwa Cape, Natal ndi Transvaal, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika ndi 90%. Belladonna waku Africa amadziona ngati mbalame yamdziko la Republic of South Africa.
Imodzi mwa njanji zazing'ono kwambiri, ngakhale yayikulupo kuposa belu, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 117, mapiko ake ndi 182 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 5.1. Zowonjezerazo ndi zotuwa zonyezimira, kumtunda kwa khosi ndi hafu yotsika mutu kumada. Nthenga za kuyambira koyamba ndi zakuda kapena zokhala ndi imvi. Nthenga za nthenga zachiwonetsero chachiwiri ndi zakuda, zazitali kwambiri ndipo zimangokhala ngati pansi ngati sitima, kutseka mchira.
Kutalika kwawo kumafikira mita 1. Monga Demoiselle Crane, African Demoiselle, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse ya crane, ilibe malo opanda khungu loyera pamutu pake. Nthenga pamutu ndi pamphumi ndi imvi kapena kuwala, nthenga zomwe zimakwirira mabowo m'mataya ndi nape yamutu imakhala imvi.
Mlomowu ndi waufupi kwa ming'alu, yomwe imawonetsera momwe imakhalira padziko lapansi, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yam'madzi.. Miyendo yakuda. Ma dimorphism ogonana (kusiyana kowoneka pakati pa amuna ndi akazi) sikunafotokozeredwe. Sizipanga subspecies. Mbalame zazing'ono zimadziwika ndi maula opepuka komanso kusapezeka kwa nthenga zachiwiri.
Madera a belladonna Africa amakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Africa kumwera kwa Mtsinje wa Zambezi. Oposa 99% ya mbalamezi ali ku Republic of South Africa, komwe amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yakuthengo. Komanso, mbalame zochepa zokha, zomwe sizimaposa anthu 60, zisa kumpoto kwa Namibia, mdera la malo amchere wamchere ndi Etosha Pan National Park. Ma crara osowa mwachisawawa amapezeka m'malo ena asanu.
Gongal nkhumba kudyetsa
Mbalame zaku Asia zotsegula. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi nkhono ndi ma invertebrates am'madzi am'madzi, monga ma mollusks, nkhanu ndi mphutsi. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya limakhala achule, abuluzi, njoka, nsomba ndi tizilombo. Amphamvu amachoka m'madela awo ndikupanga magulu akulu am'madera omwe amakhala ndi chakudya. Nthawi zina mbidzi zazitali zimasaka nyama, kuyesera kugwira ndi mlomo wawo wamtali.Nthawi zambiri ,ameza nyama yonse, komabe, amatha kupwanya chigamba cholimba cha nkhanu zam'mimba ndikuchotsa nyama yanthete.
Udindo wa mahatchi gongal mu zachilengedwe
Kupezeka kwa kutseguka kwa malo okhala ku Asia kumakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha madambo.
Mbidzi za ku Razini ndizofunikanso m'malo azinyowa chifukwa mbalame ndi gawo la chakudya.
Ma Asia otseguka amatulutsa ndowe zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, ndipo ndi feteleza wofunikira wazomera zonyowa. Izi zimathandizanso kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi nkhanu zomwe zimadya mbalame. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Asia otseguka amadya nkhono zomwe zimavulaza mbewu za mpunga.
Mbidzi za ku Razini zimayendayenda pamadzi osaya ndikusaka nyama kapena probe yokhala ndi silika.
Kufunika kwa mbulu zamatumbu
Nyama ndi mazira otseguka ku Asia amawonedwa kuti ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali ndipo amagulitsidwa pamtengo wokwera pamsika, kulola osaka ndalama kuti apeze phindu lalikulu. Asia razini ndionyamula ndionyamula mbalame chimfine H5N1. Ndizokayikira kuti mbalame zimafalitsa mwachindunji H5N1 kwa anthu.
Ofufuzawo akuganiza kuti izi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri, chifukwa njira zotsegulira zaku Asia zimakonda kukhala kutali ndi anthu ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Habitat
Asia, kapena dokowe wachi India, kapena mtengoAnastomus oscitans) yogawidwa ku South Asia kuchokera ku India kupita kumwera China ndi Thailand: imapezekanso ku Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka ndi Thailand. Mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo onyowa, malo osefukira komwe kumalima mpunga, dambo losaya nyanja ndi nyanja ndi madzi osalala. Ngakhale kuti ma gongal amakhala moyo wongokhala, amatha kusuntha nthawi yayitali ngati nyengo yasintha komanso kuwonongeka kwa chakudya, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chilala chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha. Pouluka, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha kuti upulumutse mphamvu.
Mawonekedwe
Gongal ndi chigulu chachikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 80, mapiko - 150 cm, kulemera kuchokera ku 1.3 mpaka 8.9 kg. Makula amtunduwu ndi opepuka, kuyambira oyera mpaka siliva, pamwamba pa mulomo wamkamwa (ma halaliwo samawonjezera pamodzi). Mbalame zachikulire nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyera kwathunthu ndipo nthenga zokhazokha za mapikowo ndi zakuda, miyendo yake ndi yofiyira, ndipo mulomo ndi wachikasu. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, maula ndi a bulauni.
Khalidwe pamagulu
Indian Razini Storks chisa m'malire, kukonza zisa pamatchi akulu ndi pamitengo yomwe imamera pafupi kapena m'madzi. Moyo wa m'midziyo umateteza timagulu tambiri kuteteza nkhosazo kwa adani, zomwe zimawonjezera kupulumuka kwa ana awo. Danga limatha kukhala ndi zisa kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 150, ndipo chilichonse chimafikira mita imodzi. Mbawala nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi madera awo, zimangoyenda mtunda wa 1-1,5 km kukafunafuna chakudya.
Moyo
Awa ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe, ozolowera kukhala m'midzi osati ndi abulu ena, komanso ndi mafoni am'madzi osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, heron. Magulu a mbalame zazikulu amateteza kwambiri adani, zomwe anapiye amafunikira. Monga lamulo, abuluzi amamanga zisa pamitengo m'nkhalango, koma osati kutali ndi gombe.
Tizilombo tam'madzi tambiri tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tambiri timitengo tozungulira tating'ono timene timakhala pafupifupi mamitala 150 opangidwa pamwamba kwambiri, kuti mbalame zochezeka zizikhala pansi. Kuyanjana kwabwino kumathandizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusamvana: Magulu a abulu samalowa m'mikangano yabanja ndipo samakangana ndi mbalame zina. Ana agalu amakhala pafupi ndi danga, nkuuluka kuchokera kwa ilo kwa 1-1,5 km kokha kukasaka chakudya. Zimawuluka mwachangu, molimba ndikuwomba mapiko awo ndikupita kukonzekera ngati kukhalapo mlengalenga kuchedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbidzi sizimakonda malo pomwe pali mafunde amphamvu mwamphamvu - pazifukwa izi sizipezeka zikuwuluka panyanja.
Njira yolankhulirana yopanda phokoso ndi kuwomba kwa mulomo. Anapiye awo okha ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawu: kuwonetsa kusakhutira, amakwiya kapena kutsukidwa, monga amphaka.
Utali wamoyo
Amakhulupirira kuti moyo wa dokowe umatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu yake komanso momwe akukhalira.. Zomwe zimachitika sizisinthidwe - mbalame zakundende zimakhala zochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Ngati mbadwa zachikhalidwe cha kwawo ku razini sizikhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 18 - 20, ndiye kuti mu malo osungirako malo osungirako zinyama ndizokwanira zaka 40 mpaka 45.
Habitat, malo okhala
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya agulu lotseguka imakhazikika pomwe pali madzi. Madera osiyanasiyana am'madera akutali a South Asia ndi Southeast Asia, kuphatikiza mayiko monga:
- India ndi Nepal
- Thailand,
- Bangladesh
- Pakistan,
- Sri Lanka,
- Cambodia ndi Myanmar,
- Laos ndi Vietnam.
Gongal amasankha madambo, kuphatikiza malo osefukira (kumene mpunga umalima), malo osaya ndi osakhwima okhala ndi madzi okwanira masentimita 10-50. 1 km kumtunda kwa nyanja.
Zofunika! Dokowe lotseguka ku Africa limagawika m'magulu awiri, iliyonse imakhala ndi mtundu wake.
Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus akhazikika kumtunda wa Africa - kumwera kwa Sahara ndi kumpoto kwa South Tropic. Malo okhala okongola kwambiri (Anastomus lamelligerus madagaskarensis) kumadzulo kwa Madagascar. Dokowe waku Africa umakonda kukhala m'malo otentha pomwe kumakhala madambo, mitsinje ndi nyanja, malo osefukira ndi madambo onyowa. Mbawala ngati udzu kumene udzu wochepa umamera, koma sakonda mabango ndi zitsamba zosafalikira. Komanso, mitundu yonse ya Anastomus imayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi malo okhala.
Chumba cha mbawala
Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zimayendayenda m'mphepete mwa madzi kapena mzere m'madzi osaya, kupewa madzi akuya, popeza satha kusambira. Mosiyana ndi heron, yomwe imalondola nyama mosasunthika, yotsegulira khwawa imakakamizidwa kuti iyende kudera lopanda. Pambuyo poona chinthu choyenera, mbalameyo imaponyera khosi lake chamtsogolo, ndikuyigunda ndi mulomo ndipo kenako im'meza. Ngati nyama ikufuna kuchoka, dokowe amuthamangitsa, akumagwira ndi mlomo wautali.
Chakudya cham'mimba chimaphatikizapo nyama zambiri zokwawa komanso zoyandama:
- nkhono ndi nkhanu,
- osoweka
- nyongolotsi zamadzi
- achule
- njoka ndi abuluzi
- nsomba,
- tizilombo.
Gonglion imametsa nyama yonse, kupatula nkhanu: mbalameyo imatulutsa chitseko chake ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kuti itenge nyama yosangalatsa kumeneko. Pafupifupi mitundu yamitundu yayitali (yamadzi ndi yapadziko lapansi) imagwera pa tebulo la mbalame ya ku Africa kuno:
- ampullaria (nkhono zazikulu zamadzi oyera,)
- gastropods
- mpikisano
- nkhanu ndi nsomba
- achule
- nyongolotsi zamadzi
- tizilombo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Woyambitsira dothi waku Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi abwenzi ndi mvuu, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti asapeze chakudya, kumasula dothi lam'mphepete ndi manja ake olemera.
Adani achilengedwe
Ana agulu akuluakulu alibe mdani aliyense, zomwe mbalame zimathokoza chifukwa cholimba kwambiri komanso zomangamanga. Mbalame zodya nyama sizikhala pachiwopsezo pokana agulu akulu ndi olimba.
Kuchokera m'malo odyetsa nyama zimayala zisa zotseguka pamwamba pa mitengo, pomwe amphaka akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amatha. Zosatetezeka kwambiri kutsogolo kwawo sizokhala mbuluzi wamkulu monga anapiye ake, omwe amasakidwa ndi mitundu ina ya marten.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Nyengo yamatchire yamasamba imayamba mu June mpaka Disembala, mpaka imafika pachimake nyengo yamvula, yodziwika ndi mvula yambiri. Mbidzi zimakonda kuchita zachiwerewere ndipo ndizochepa zomwe zimapanga mabanja amitala. Amuna panthawi ya chibwenzi amakhala ndi mkwiyo wachilendo kwa iwo, sankhani dera linalake, asamalire chisa chawo ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amapikisana nawo. Njira ina imagwiranso ntchito kwa akazi.
Kuwereketsa mkwatibwi, mkwatiyo amagwiranso ntchito ngati wowongolera komanso womanga - amamuwonetsa zisa zomwe zili ndi zida zanzeru. Wopambana ndi dokowe amene wawonetsa nyumba yabwino komanso luso lomanga mwaluso. Patsamba limodzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala pali agulu angapo omwe amagwira nawo ntchito yomanga zisa, kuteteza ndodo komanso kusamalira ana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu yodontha yomwe imayang'anidwa m'mitengo ya agogo imayang'ana kupulumuka kwa mtundu wonsewo ndipo yatsimikiza kugwira ntchito pakubala, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza anapiye. Amphongo amakhalanso ndi polyandry, pamene wamwamuna amakhala membala wachitatu wa okwatiranawo kapena kutenga malo a mnzake wakale.
Mwakukondana ndi chikondi, mbuluzi zimawuluka awiriawiri (nthawi zambiri mbalame imodzi imawulukira kumtunda), kenako imakhazikika panthambi kuti ipumule. Pokonda, amatha kukwiya mwadzidzidzi ndikudulira mnzawo ndi milomo yawo. Nthawi zambiri mbewa zimayamba kumanga chisa (kuchokera ku udzu, zimayambira, masamba ndi nthambi) pambuyo poyanjana bwino, ndipo chopereka cha zomangamanga chimagwera pamapewa a bambo wamtsogolo.
Ndi kugawa ntchito kumeneku, akazi amateteza mphamvu zawo ndikukhala ndi mafuta omwe adzafunikire pokonza ana. Mu clutch, monga lamulo, kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 mazira amaswedwa ndi makolo onse awiri: wamkazi - usiku, ndi wamwamuna - masana. Anapiyewo amabadwa ali akhungu, koma amayamba kuwona patatha maola angapo. Makanda obadwa kumene amaphimbidwa ndi fluff, omwe amasinthidwa ndi yachiwiri fluff patatha sabata.
Ana agulu amayesera kuti adzaime pamapeto a masabata angapo: amalidziwa bwino ntchitoyi kwa masiku khumi, pambuyo pake amapuma molimba miyendo yawo yayitali. Zaka khumi zotsatira zimayenda bwino pamiyendo imodzi. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana awo osusuka, omwe amafulumira kuwuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito za abambo zimaphatikizanso kukonzanso chisa chomwe chawonongedwa ndi ana okulirapo. Masiku 70 akupita ndipo achichepere amachoka kwawo. Ana agalu amayamba kupanga awo awiriawiri posakhalitsa atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, koma pafupipafupi zaka 3-4.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Kupweteka kwa dokowe, monga imodzi mwalumikizidwe muzakudya zotetezedwa ndi madambo, imapatsidwa gawo lofunikira pazinthu zachilengedwe izi. Chifukwa chake, agulugufe aku Asia amatulutsa ndowe zomwe zimakhala ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimakhala ngati feteleza wabwino kwambiri kuzomera zonse za marsh. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zamtunduwu zimapulumutsa mbewu ya mpunga pochotsa nkhono zam'madzi zotanganidwa m'minda ya mpunga. Ma gongawo amawonongeka ndi azitape omwe amatenga mazira / nyama yawo ndikugulitsa zakudya zabwinozi pamitengo yabwino m'misika yam'deralo.
Zofunika! M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kutsika kwa mitengo ya nkhumba ku razini yomwe ikhala ku Madagascar (subspecies A.l. madagascariensis). Anthu okhala m'midzi omwe akuwononga madera amodzi amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amabweretsa izi.
Khola lotseguka la ku Africa ladziwika (monga akuyerekeza ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural) mitundu yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimafa chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amayipitsa malo okhala zikhalidwe.. Njira zodzitetezera kuti ma dothi otseguka azikhala zosavuta - muyenera kupatsa mbalamezo malo abwino osakira malo abwino ndi malo owotcherera (mayere / maiwe).
Kufotokozera
Mbalame ya ku India, malinga ndi mtundu wa banja la ma ciconia, ndi mbalame yayitali. Kukula kwa gongal, pafupifupi, kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 80, ndipo mapikowo amayambira masentimita 147 mpaka 149.Chuma chofanana ndi thupi sichikudziwika, komabe, monga lamulo, dokowe wachi India amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 1.3 mpaka 8.9. Mtundu wa maula umasiyana kuchokera pa loyera mpaka utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda ndi nthenga. Miyendo ndi yofiyira ndipo mdomo ndi wa imvi.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbalame yotsegulira ku India ndi mlomo wotseguka mosalekeza chifukwa cha kupindika kwake, komwe kumangogwira mlomo kumapeto. Agulu a ku Asia, monga mitundu ina ya agulu, nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngati heron. Mitundu ya kugonana imafotokozedwa moperewera, ndipo, monga lamulo, amuna ndi akazi amakhala osiyana pakudyerana, osati mawonekedwe. Magulu achichepere amakhala ndi ma brownish maula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisiyanitsa ndi akuluakulu.
Habitat
Madzi am'madzi amchere amakhala ku madambo, malo osefukira, malo osaya ndi nyanja yamadzi amchere. Minda yodzala madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi pakukula mpunga. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala pamalo okwera 380-1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo ali ndi kuya kwa 0-0-0.5 m. Asiatic stork ndi mbalame yam'madzi yoyandikira ndipo, monga lamulo, amafunika mvula yokwanira kutiidyetse. Zachisa, amasankha nthambi zamitengo kutalika kwa 5-20 m pamwamba pa nthaka.
Khalidwe
Mbalame yotseka ku Asia ndi mbalame masana. M'mawa amawuluka m'magulu kupita kumalo akudya, ndipo madzulo amabwerera zisa. Nyumba zamtunduwu ndizabwino ndipo zimapanga zisa zazikulu pamitengo yokhala ndi zinzake zina ndi mbalame zam'madzi, monga heron. Mimba za mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa pakati pa nthambi za mtengo kuti zithandizire kugawana zinthu pakati pa mitundu yofananira. Tizilombo ta ku India tili ndi zisa zazitali, ndipo zotsatira zake, timakhala pamwamba kwambiri pamtengowo. Kugawana atsamunda ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa magulu ambiri a agulu amateteza nkhosazi kwa adani ake. Khalidwe lotere limawonekeranso pakati pa okwatirana omwewo. Maanja nthawi zambiri amateteza zisa zawo kuukira kwa intraspecific.
Pakafukufuku wina, zidapezeka kuti zigawo zazikuluzikulu zili ndi zisa 150, chilichonse chimakhala kutalika kwa 100 cm komanso masentimita 30. Dongosolo lomwelo la Asia, monga lamulo, limakhalabe pafupi ndi dera lawolawo, ndikulimba kokha 1 -1.5 km kuchokera kwa iwo kuti akapeze chakudya kapena zinthu zothandizira chisa.
Kuyankhulana ndi kuzindikira
Gongal, kuzindikira chilengedwe kumadalira kwambiri pakuwona ndi kukhudza, koma kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mitundu yokhudzana ndi monga amisili aku America akuwonetsa kuti amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cholakwika. Mababu okula olimbitsa mtima, amapatsa chifukwa chotsutsira lingaliro labwino lonunkhira la mbuluzi zaku India. Monga mbawala zina, timaluwa tambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma syringes (mawu a mbalame) sakhala ndi mawu ofooka. Nyimbo zomwe amapanga zimatha kufotokozedwa ngati "khutu" lomvetsa chisoni. Asia mbulugulu, monga njira yayikulu yolumikizirana, imakhala ikukulika. Kubedwa kwa mlomo ndi njira ina yofunika yolumikizirana nthawi yakubzala.
Kukula kwachuma kwa munthu: Zabwino
Gongal amatulutsa ndowe, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati feteleza wa zomera zonyowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zachilengedwe zikhale zochulukirapo komanso zopanda mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamakampani, nkhanu zomwe zimadya. Nyama ndi mazira a nkhumba zotseguka zaku Asia zimawonedwa ngati zabwino ndipo zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wokwera pamsika, zomwe zimaloleza ozizira kuti apeze phindu lalikulu. Amadyetseranso ndi ampullaria agolide, omwe ndi tizirombo zazikulu m'minda ya mpunga ku Asia.
Chitetezo
Mokulira, kuchuluka kwa magulu am'magulu ali m'gulu la zolengedwa zomwe sizowopseza kwenikweni, komabe, zoopsa zina zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa ziwerengero zawo zilipo. Nyama zikuluzikulu monga njati zimakonda kuwononga madambo ndipo zimawononga zinthu zambiri. Kusodza kumachepetsa magwero azakudya ku Asia agulugufe aku Asia. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi m'malo otetezedwa amatha kukulitsa kufa kwa mbalame zamtunduwu. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi amagwiritsa ntchito marokota, matumba apulasitiki ndi zida zina zoyipa kuti apewe stork. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi ozunza, zomwe zimatha kuvulaza anthu ambiri. Kubwezeretsanso madambo kumakhalanso koopsa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zina zachitidwa pofuna kuteteza mbuluku ku India.Kwakhazikitsidwa malamulo okhwima oletsa kupha anthu ndi kuwedza nsomba m'madambo. Boma likuyesetsanso kudzetsa chidwi cha anthu powapempha kuti asinthe malo okhala madambo kukhala malo ochulukiramo zokopa alendo. Olemba ndakatulo omwe kale anali makomiti osiyanasiyana osungira nyama zamtchire, zomwe zidachita bwino kukopa ozunza anzawo, ndikuwalonjeza njira ina yopezera ndalama.
