Bakha bakha ndi mtundu wakudya wamba wak bakha wochokera ku United States. Anapangidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 900 ndipo anali mtundu wotchuka kwambiri. Mitunduyi imatchedwa Lake Cayuga, yomwe ili kumadzulo kwa New York. Malinga ndi American Livestock Service, abakha awa amawerengedwa kuti "amawopsa," ngakhale kutchuka kwawo kukukula mwachangu.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Duck Cayuga
Pali mbiri yayitali yopanga mtundu uwu. Amakhulupirira kuti bakha wakuphayo adabadwa chifukwa cha mtanda pakati pa bakha ku Black East Indies ndi bakha wa Rouen. Gulu la abakha la kayuga lidachokera ku abakha amtchire omwe wochita zam'madzi ku County Duchess, New York, adagwira mu dziwe lake la chigayo mu 1809. Koma mbiri iyi ndi yolondola ndipo mbiri yakale yochokera ku Gadwall. Mbiri yakale ku New York ndikuti coyuga idachokera ku gulu la abakha amtchire mdera lino, koma palibe umboni weniweni womwe wapezeka munthawi yathu kuti tithandizire malingaliro.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi bakha amawoneka bwanji?
Bakha wa Cayuga ndi mbalame yayitali. Ndikosavuta kuzindikiritsa ndi mulomo wakuda ndi maula akuda, womwe ndi mtundu wobiriwira wopanda kuwala. Zachikazi zimakhala ndi nthenga zoyera pa nthenga zawo mchaka chachiwiri komanso chotsatira. Abakha ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuwona dzuwa. Miyendo ndi mlomo wa abakha ndi kayug yakuda. Nthawi zambiri amakhala owongoka ndi khosi lalitali. Ali ndi maso akuda, ndipo agogo ake a kayuga ali ndi nthenga zakuda. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamankhwala kumakhala pafupifupi 3.6 kg, ndipo abakha amalemera pafupifupi 3,2 kg.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe abakha amatha kuyendayenda m'madzi ndi chifukwa cha mpweya m'matupi awo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Nthenga za abakha a kayug zimatchinga pakati pawo, chomwe ndi chida china chomwe chimawathandiza kusambira. Nthenga zawo zimaphatikizidwanso ndi zinthu zopanda madzi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti abakha azikhala otentha komanso owuma. Mapazi a masamba owaza amawalola kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta m'madzi.
Abakha ambiri ndi oyendetsa bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha matupi awo olimbitsa, mapiko amphamvu ndi mafupa osiyidwa, omwe amalemera pang'ono kuposa mafupa olimba a zinyama. Ngakhale kuti abakha a kayuga satawuluka bwino chifukwa cha matupi awo akuluakulu komanso olemera, ali ndi mapiko olimba ndi mafupa obowoka, omwe ndi amitundu ina ya abakha.
Chochititsa chidwi: Bakha a Kayug alibe mano, koma ali ndi m'mbali mwake pamilomo yawo yomwe imawathandiza kusefa chakudya kuchokera m'madzi. Kenako chakudyacho chimameza ndi pansi pamimba, chomwe chimakhala ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono kuti iwononge chakudya.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe bakha amawonekera. Tiwone komwe mbalameyi imakhala.
Kodi bakha cayugu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbawala ya Mbalame Cayuga
Bakha wa Cayuga ndi mtundu wokha wa bakha woweta yemwe amachokera ku United States. Poyamba, mtunduwu udabadwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa New York m'ma 1800s, ndipo pambuyo pake chakudya chabakha chidatchuka ku New England. Koma abakha akuda a Kayuga okhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira zomwe zimakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yakuya kutaya mwayi wazaka 20 zapitazi chifukwa chakugulitsa nkhuku ndi zovuta za bakha woweta.
Abakha aku Kayuga amafunikira pobisalira mphepo ndi mvula, mwayi wopeza chakudya ndi madzi, ndi zotchinga kuti zisawume. Abakha a Kayuga amangofunika mpanda wocheperako chifukwa chokhoza kuuluka. M'malo osungira nyama, maoge amasungidwa padziwe lozunguliridwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndipo amathawirako.
Bakha a Kayuga amafunika madzi kuti asadwalitse cholembera chonyowa ndikamayeretsa. Madzi amathandizanso kuti asatenge tizirombo, monga nkhupakupa, utitiri, nsabwe, etc. mbalame zilizonse zomwe zili mgululi zizikhala zopanda madzi. Ngakhale abakha a kayuga sakhala amakonda izi ngati mbalame zina, amakhalabe ndi boma lomwe limapangidwira nkhondo yolimbana ndi nyongolotsi. Bakha odyetsedwa sakhala ndi vuto lililonse.
Kodi bakha amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Cayuga Bakha wachilengedwe
Abakha amtchire a Kayuga amakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zopatsa thanzi. Ngakhale timaganiza kuti amadya kwambiri maudzu, zomera zamadzi, ndimatope, mungadabwe kudziwa zina mwazakudya zomwe amadya.
Pokhala matope pansi pamadziwe ndi mitsinje, akufunafuna zakudya zotsatirazi:
Amadya zakudya zam'mera zambiri:
Chifukwa nyama zawo zamtchire sizikulakalaka, abakha a kayuga adasinthika kuti adye zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti akhale ndi thanzi chaka chonse. Bakha a Kayuga amatha kunyamula mafuta osungira ambiri pansi pa nthenga, yomwe imawadyetsa kudzera munthawi yochepa yoipa. Amathandizanso kuthana ndi zinthuzo popeza malo okhala otetezedwa, ndipo ali ndi magazi oyenda m'miyendo ndi mapazi kuti asazizire.
Kudyetsa abakha a kayug ndi zakudya zoyenera kumakhudza kwambiri momwe akukula komanso kukula. Chakudya choperewera komanso kusowa kwa chakudya chitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga. Opanga zochepa chabe omwe amapanga chakudya cha abakha. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuku kudyetsa. Ngakhale ndizofanana, chakudya cha nkhuku sichimapereka zakudya zonse zofunikira kwa abakha a kayug, motero mungafunike kusintha.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Abwenzi
Bakha ndi wogonjera zachilengedwe komanso ali ndi umunthu wabwino kwambiri. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamabakha ovuta kwambiri akwawo. Amakhala osavuta kuyendetsa bwino ngati mutha kuyigwira. Ozizira kwambiri komanso olimba ndipo amatha kupirira nyengo yozizira kumpoto chakum'mawa. Mbalamezi ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimalandira chakudya chochuluka kuchokera kudyetsa, motero ndizabwino kwambiri polera momasuka. Mtunduwu ndi woyenera kupangira nyama ndi mazira.
Ma kayug osungidwa bwino amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zopitilira khumi, motero ubale womwe mumapanga nawo udzakhala wautali. Akamakula mokongola, cayuga amayamba kuyeretsa ndi mult aliyense, zomwe zimapangitsa bakha owoneka ngati mthunzi pamadzi. Miyendo yawo ayambanso kuvala ngati lalanje.
Chochititsa chidwi: Abakha a Kayuga nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumbayo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kugwira dzira kuposa mitundu ina chifukwa amakhala pamazira awo nthawi zambiri kuposa abakha ena am'nyumba.
Abakha a Kayuga ndi abakha abata komanso okongola. Ndizapadera chifukwa zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yobiriwira yobiriwira. Mazira a Kayuga amatha kukhala ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa mtundu wakuda umasamutsidwa ku chipolopolo, koma izi ndizongowonekera komwe kumathetseka mosavuta. Mlingo wa kukhazikika mumdima umasiyanasiyana munthawi yakugona - mazira amayamba kuda kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakugona ndikupepuka pamene nyengo ikupitilira. Mukafafaniza chikwangwani chakuda, dzira lobiriwira limatuluka.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Duck Cayuga
Mosiyana ndi mafoni ena am'madzi, monga, swans ndi atsekwe, abakha a Akayuga sakhala ndi moyo kamodzi. Ubale uliwonse wamnyengo ndi wophatikiza, koma mitundu yambiri imasankha wokondedwa watsopano kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya abakha a kayug - pafupifupi 7% - amachita mitala. Mwanjira imeneyi, bakha wamwamuna amatha kukwatirana ndi akazi angapo omwe amakhala m'chigawo chake.
Pafupifupi, bakha wakhungu amatha kuwerengera mazira 100 mpaka 150 pachaka. Mazira awo poyamba ndi akuda kapena amaso amdima. Koma pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo, mtundu wa dzira umasanduka zoyera. Abakha awa ndi okongola kwambiri. Bakha a Kayuga ndi olimba ndipo amatha kubereka ana ambiri, ngakhale kuli kotentha kwenikweni. Amayendayenda, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndikutchingira mazira. Nthawi yakuyika kwa mazira abakha a Kayuga ndi masiku 28. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chofungatira, kutentha kumayenera kukhala 37,5 ° C pa chinyezi 86% kwa masiku 1-25 ndi 37 ° C pa chinyezi cha 94% kwa masiku 26-28.
Chochititsa chidwi: Kutalika kwakutali kwa bakha lomwe limasungidwa monga chiweto ndi pakati pa zaka 8 ndi 12.
Bakha a Kayuga amakhala m'magulu. Zimayikira mazira chaka chonse, nthawi zambiri kuyambira kumayambiriro, ndipo zimaswa mazira ngati zatsala kuti zikhale. Mazira adakutidwa ndi filimu yakuda kapena yakuda, yomwe imatsukidwa, ngakhale tsopano mbalame zambiri zimayikira mazira oyera.
Adani achilengedwe a abakha kayug
Chithunzi: Kodi bakha amawoneka bwanji?
Vuto lalikulu posamalira abakha a kayug ndi omwe amadyera anzawo. Amphaka, mink, ma weasels, raccoon ndi kadzidzi azidzadya abakha, akapatsidwa mwayi. Kayugi amayenera kubweretsedwa mnyumba kapena kutsekedwa mwamphamvu usiku. Wachinyamata amatha kupha ndi kudya bakha kudzera pazenera la waya, ndiye kuti pansi pake mpanda uyenera kukonzedwa ndi waya kuti muwateteze.
Bakha wa mphamba amafunikiranso kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha. Amayenera kupatsidwa mthunzi kutentha kutentha kukafika pa 21 ° Celsius. Amakonda kusambira, chifukwa chake amasangalala ndi dziwe la ana ngati madziwo akhala oyera ndipo dothi saloledwa kuderali. Abakha, komabe, amatha kukhala bwino akamapatsidwa chilichonse koma madzi akumwa abwino.
Dziwe liyenera kukhala lokwanira kuphimba mlomo wawo kuti athe kuligwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa mphuno zawo. Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Cayuga imatha kupeza chakudya chake ngati chili ndi malo okwanira. Pomwe malo ndi ochepa, thandizo likufunika pakudya bakawa kayuga. Abakha amafunika miyala ya miyala kapena mchenga wowuma kuti aziwathandiza kugaya chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Abwenzi
Bakha wakuda wakawa adayamba kudziwitsidwa ku Cayug County (dera la Finger Lakes la New York City) mkati mwa 1800s, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo adalera mazira ndi nyama, komanso ziweto chifukwa chaubwenzi komanso chikhalidwe. Bakha a Kayuga amadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wa makolo ndipo pakadali pano ali pa mndandanda wa “Ziweto Zakutha” zaku America chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo ku United States.
Kuwonongeka kwa kutchuka mu 1990s kudapangitsa kutsika kozungulira kwa kuchuluka kwa abakha a kayug kwa zaka makumi angapo, koma zikuwoneka kuti mtundu uwu sotsogolera njira yopita ku dodo. Mtundu wa kayug womwe uli pachiwopsezo womwe udalipo kale udalembedwa pa "cheke" cha Conservatory of Livestock Conservatory - chizindikiro cholimbikitsa kuti eni nyumba padziko lonse lapansi amawona kukongola ndi kufunikira kwa bakha wokongola uyu.
Kuswana kwa bakha ku Kayuga sikodziwika kwambiri kuposa abakha ena ambiri am'nyumba, chifukwa mtunduwu ndi mtundu watsopano wa bakha wapakhomo wopangidwa mkati mwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Bakha pakadali pano ndi mtundu wankhumba wotchuka kwambiri ku United States, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama ndi mazira, komanso ngati mbalame yokongoletsera.
Bakha bakha - Ichi ndi mtundu wachilendo, wokongola wobadwa wakunja wa abakha. Ma cayugs amawoneka akuda mpaka kuwala kuwawakomera, ndiye kuti amawonetsa mtundu wawo wokongola wobiriwira. Milomo ndi mapazi awo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda. Ndi msambo wa cayuga, amayamba kupeza nthenga zoyera, zomwe zimatha kusintha nthenga zawo zachikuda, ndipo minyewa ndi miyendo yake imatha kutenga tambula ya lalanje.
Tekonomi ndi Etymology
Katswiri wa zamankhwala waku America William Brewster adafotokozera abakha akuda aku America kuti Anas OBSCURA rubripes , ya "Red-Turkey Black Duck", pantchito yake yofunika "The Indescriptable Shape of the Duck ( Anas ), ”Mu Auk mu 1902, kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya abakha akuda omwe akupezeka ku New England. Chimodzi mwazomwezi chidafotokozedwa ngati chaching'ono, chokhala ndi phazi lofiirira komanso maimidwe amdima kapena amdima, ndipo chinacho monga chokulirapo, chokhala ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka khungu, miyendo yofiyira yowala komanso mawonekedwe owonekera achikaso. Kuphatikiza kwa awiriwa akuti Anas Pinhole kwa katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany a Johann Friedrich Gmelin mu 1789 mu 13 Systema naturae , gawo lachiwiri, ndipo adadalira "Woyipa Wakuda" Wachilengedwe waku Wales Wachilengedwe waku Australia Thomas Pennant. Dzina lasayansi pano, Anus rubripes , ndi yochokera ku Latin, Anas amatanthauza "bakha" ndipo zotupa kutengera osayankhula , "Red" komanso PES Miyendo.
Pennant mkati Zomera za ku Arctic , Vesi lachiwiri, adalongosola kabonedwe aka ngati kabwera "kuchokera ku New York City" komanso " Mwachizolowezi pini , mawonekedwe monga mtundu wakuda wobiriwira, maolivi obiriwira maolivi kapena maonekedwe akuda, miyendo yofiirira ya maolivi yopanda tint imodzi yofiyira, nape ndi pileum pafupifupi ofanana mawonekedwe amdima, chidutswa cha chibwano ndi kummero, mzere woonda komanso wamaso ammaso pakhosi ndi m'mbali mwa mutu. m'malo mochita kuda, musinthe malinga ndi zaka ndi nthawi ya chaka.
Kufotokozera
Bakha wakuda waku America amalemera pafupifupi 720-1.640 g (1.59-3.62 mapaundi) ndipo amayeza masentimita 54-59 (mainchesi 21-23) kutalika kwake ndi 88-95 cm (35-37 inches). Mtunduwu umakhala ndi kulemera kwapamwamba kwambiri pamtundu. Anas , ndi zitsanzo za amuna 376 omwe amalemera pafupifupi 1.4 kg (3.1 mapaundi) ndi azimayi 176 okwanira 1.1 kg (2.4 mapaundi). Bakha wakuda waku America amatikumbutsanso mtundu wina wa Mallard mu mitundu, ngakhale makulidwe a tsekwe yakuda amakhala akuda. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana, koma champhongo chimakhala ndi mulomo wachikasu, ndipo chachikazi chimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawanga amdima, omwe nthawi zina amakhala opanda thonje. Mutu ndi wodera, koma wopepuka pang'ono kuposa kamvekedwe ka thupi lofiirira. Masaya ndi mmero ndizotuwa, zokhala ndi chingwe chakuda kudutsa korona ndi maso akuda. Mu nthenga za Speculum muli utoto wonyezimira ngati utoto wamtambo wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda. Miyendo yamtundu wa lalanje yokhala ndi abakha ali ndi timizeremizu.
Kuuluka, buluzi loyera loyera limatha kuwoneka mosiyana ndi lakuda komanso lanseli kapena pamwamba. Magalasi okhala ndi chinangwa amakhala wopanda mikwaso yoyera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, ndipo samakhala ndi m'mphepete yoyera. Chikwangwani chakuda chikuwoneka pakati pa ochita kubisa oyambira.
Achinyamata amafanana ndi akazi achikulire, koma anang'amba mbali zopapatiza zamkati mwa nthenga, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe owoneka pang'ono, osasunthika, koma mawonekedwe owoneka a Browner, osati amtundu umodzi. Amuna achichepere ali ndi miyendo yobiriwira, ndipo akazi achichepere ali ndi miyendo yotuwa komanso mtundu wamtambo wonyezimira.
Kugawa ndi malo okhala
Bakha wakuda waku America akupezeka kum'mawa kwa North America. Ku Canada, mtunduwu umachokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Saskatchewan kupita ku Newfoundland ndi Labrador. Ku United States, ili kumpoto kwa Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Connecticut, Vermont, South Dakota, pakati pa West Virginia, Maine ndi gombe la Atlantic Ocean kumpoto kwa North Carolina.
Bakha wakuda waku America ndi malo okhalamo anthu onse, chifukwa amalumikizidwa ndi malo osambira ndipo amapezeka chaka chonse m'madamu amchere kuchokera ku Maine Bay kupita ku Virginia. Nthawi zambiri imakonda madzi abwino komanso magombe am'mphepete mwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa America, kuphatikiza madamu amchere, mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi salfa. Mulinso m'madziwe abwino, okhala ndi madzi osaya komanso mabango, malo osambira okhala ndi mitengo yosakanizika yosakanikirana, komanso madambo a nkhalango. Anthu okhala ku Vermont adapezekanso mumadziwe amadziwe ozunguliridwa ndi zithaphwi.M'nyengo yozizira, bakha wakuda waku America amakhala makamaka m'malo obiriwira, m'mphepete mwa malire, m'madambo aulimi, m'nkhalango momwe mudadzaza madzi, minda, malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Abakha nthawi zambiri amakhala pobisalira pakusaka ndi zosokoneza zina posamukira kumalo osawoneka bwino ndi okhathamira kuti asunge malo.
Kudyetsa
Bakha wakuda waku America ndi wamtundu wina wamagulu osiyanasiyana wokhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Amadyetsa kulowerera m'madzi osaya ndi kudyetsa pamtunda. Zakudya zake za mmera zimakhala ndi udzu ndi madambo osiyanasiyana, komanso njere, masamba, masamba, ndi mizu yazomera zam'madzi monga zostera, rdesta, ndi malo okwera. Zakudya zake zanyama zimaphatikizapo ma bollus, nkhono, amphipod, tizilombo, ma mollusks ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Panthawi yakubereketsa, chakudya chambiri cha bakha ku America chimakhala ndi zakudya pafupifupi 80% zam'mera komanso 20% ya nyama. Zakudya za ziweto zimakwera mpaka 85% nthawi yozizira. Pa nesting, kuchuluka kwa ma invertebrates kumawonjezeka. Ana oyamwa nthawi zambiri amadya ma invertebrates am'madzi masiku 12 atangoyamba kubadwa, kuphatikiza nsapato za m'madzi, nkhono, mayulu, chinjoka, kafadala, ntchentche, ntchentche za caddis ndi mphutsi. Pambuyo pake, amasinthana ndi mbewu ndi zakudya zina zamasamba.
Kuswana
Malo obwezeretsanso zinthu monga ma alkaline bogs, marsic acid, nyanja, madamu, mitsinje, malo okhala ndi mitsinje ndi milomo yovomerezeka yamlomo wamtsinje ndi madera ena am'madzi kumapeto kumpoto kwa Saskatchewan, Manitoba, kudutsa Ontario, Quebec, komanso zigawo za Atlantic ku Canada, Great Lakes komanso ku Adirondacks ku United States. Ndizosuntha pang'ono, ndipo nyengo zambiri kum'mawa kwa United States, makamaka kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ena amakhalabe chaka chonse kudera la Great Lakes. Bakha uyu samayenda kopita ku UK ndi ku Ireland, komwe kwa zaka zingapo mbalame zambiri zimakhala ndikukula ndi mallard wamba. Zotsatira zake, wosakanizidwa amatha kuonetsa zovuta.
Masamba okongoletsa amakhala obisika pansi, nthawi zambiri m'malo okwezeka. Mizere ya mazira ndi mazira 6 mpaka khumi ndi anayi omwe ali ndi zipolopolo zosalala ndipo amabwera osiyanasiyana obiriwira oyera ndi obiriwira. Pa avareji, amayeza 59.4 mm (2.34 mainchesi) kutalika, 43.2 mm (1.70 mainchesi) mulifupi ndi kulemera kwa 56.6 g (0.125 mapaundi). Kubwatula kumatenga masiku 30 pafupifupi. Nthawi ya makulidwe amasiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku 25 mpaka 26. Amuna ndi akazi Gawo la maudindo, ngakhale abambo amakonda kuteteza gawo mpaka mzimayi atafika pakati pakukhazikika kwake. Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuti maula. Mazira akaswedwa, nkhuku imatsogolera ana ake kuti akachotse malo okhala ndi mitundu yambiri yam'madzi komanso mbewu.
Abakha akuda aku America amalumikizana pafupipafupi komanso mallard, komwe kumakhala kogwirizana. Atsogoleri ena amaonanso kuti bakha wakuda ndi mtundu wa Mallard m'malo mwa mitundu ina. Mank et al. Tsimikizani kuti izi ndi zolakwika, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa hybridization si njira yovomerezeka yosiyanitsira pakati Anas mitundu.
Akuti bakha wakuda waku America ndi mallard adasiyanitsidwa kale ndi malo omwe amakonda, ndi zovema zakuda za bakiteri wakuda ndikuwapatsa mwayi wosankha madamu opanda mitengo kum'mawa kwa North America, ndipo kuphweka kwa zodetsa zazitali kumapereka mwayi mukulira , malo otseguka komanso zigwa za nyanja. Malinga ndi malingaliro awa, kuwonongedwa kwaposachedwa kwa nkhalango zakum'mawa komanso kubzala mitengo kumapiri kwaphwanya gawoli, zomwe zimatsogolera kukwezedwa kwakukulu komwe kumawonedwa pakadali pano. Komabe, kuthamanga kwa kusintha kwa m'mbuyomu sikudziwika mu izi ndi mbalame zina zambiri za haibridi, ndipo zimangoyesedwa, pankhani ya bakha wakuda waku America, kuti mitengo yapitayo ya hybridization inali yotsika kuposa momwe imawonedwera. Kuphatikiza apo, malo ambiri osakanizidwa a mbalame amadziwika kuti amakhala okhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale kuti pamakhala kudutsa kwamtambo kambiri. Bakha wakuda waku America ndi mallards akumderali tsopano ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma microsatellite, ngakhale zitsanzo zambiri. Mosemphana ndi zonena za kafukufukuyu, funso loti mtundu wa America woyambira ndiwosintha kale sichitha. Mawu awo akuti, "Abakha akuda akumpoto tsopano siosiyana ndi mallards kuposa omwe adabzala kum'mwera," amangokhala ndi zolemba zam'maselo zomwe zimayesedwa. Mbalame zomwe sizikudziwika mokhazikika pazokhazikitsidwa ndi ma microsatellite cholembera zitha kuwoneka mosiyana, palinso mitundu ina yamatchulidwe omwe sanayesedwe mu kafukufukuyu.
M'maphunziro aukapolo, zidapezeka kuti ma hybrone ambiri samatsata ulamulilo wa Haldane, koma nthawi zina akazi osakanizidwa amafa asanathe kutha, potero amathandizira kutsutsana kwa bakha wakuda waku America kukhala mitundu yapadera.
Ziwawa Za Predator
Zilonda zakudya za Apex zaku America zimaphatikizapo akhwangwala aku America, zodumphadumpha ndi nthangala, makamaka zisa za mitengo. Zilomboti ndi kadzidzi ndizomwe zimadyanso akuluakulu. Agulugufe ndi akambuku obisalamo amadya abakha ambiri. Ana oyamwa nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi am'magazi opatsirana ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, monga midges. Amatetezekanso poyambitsa poyizoni wakuwombera, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi saturnism, chifukwa cha njira zawo zopezera chakudya pakudya.
Mkhalidwe ndi Chitetezo
Kuyambira 1988, American Black Duck idavoteledwa ngati chinthu chochepa kwambiri pa IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu yamtunduwu ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe siyili pafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu onse ndi ochuluka, ndipo ngakhale akuchepa, sikuti akutsika mwachangu kuti mitunduyi ikhale pachiwopsezo. Idakhala nthawi yayitali ngati masewera a mbalame, kusamala kwambiri ndikuwuluka mwachangu. Kutayika kwa malo okhala chifukwa chamadzi, kusefukira kwa madambo chifukwa chakumatauni, kutentha kwa dziko komanso kukwera kwamadzi ndizomwe zikuchititsa kwambiri kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Akatswiri ena a zachilengedwe amaganiza kuti kukhathamiritsa ndi mpikisano ndi mallards monga chowonjezera chodandaula chikuyenera kupitiliza kuchepa kumeneku. Kuphatikiza kwawokha sikuli vuto lalikulu, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumawonetsetsa kuti anthu oyenera kwambiri ali ndi ana obadwa bwino. Komabe, kuthekera kuchepetsedwa kwa nzimbe zachikazi kumapangitsa ana ena kulephera pamapeto pake chifukwa cha imfa ya ana asanadziberekenso. Ngakhale izi siziri vuto mumabakha ambiri ogulitsa mallard, zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena ku bakha wakuda waku America. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Delta Waterfowl Foundation akuwonetsa kuti ma hybr ndi omwe amabwera chifukwa chokakamizidwa, m'malo mochita kusankha mwakukhazikika pakhuku.
Bungwe la U.S. Fish and Game Service likupitiliza kupeza ndi kusamalira malo okhala m'malo ambiri othandizira malo osamukira, nthawi yozizira, ndi kubereka kwa bakha wakuda waku America. Kuphatikiza apo, Montezuma National Reserve yatenga ndikubwezeretsanso mahekitala 1,000 a malo onyowa kuti apatseko kuyimitsidwa kwa abakha akuda 10,000 aku America paulendo wosamukira. Kuphatikiza apo, pagombe la Atlantic, ntchito yolumikizirana inali kuteteza malo okhala bakha wakuda waku America pobwezeretsa malo okhala ndikugawidwa kwa mapulojekiti, makamaka mkati mwa malo awo osunga nthawi yozizira ndi kuswana. Mu 2003, Boreal Forest Conservation Framework idatengedwa ndi mabungwe oteteza, mafakitale, ndi bungwe la United Nations kuti ateteze nkhalango za Canada, kuphatikiza kum'mawa kwa Canada bakha wakuda.
Kufalikira kwa bakha wakuda waku America
Bakha wakuda waku America amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Manitoba, Minnesota. Malo amenewa amakhala kum'mawa kudutsa m'chigawo cha Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, ndi Virginia. Mulinso madera okhala ndi mitengo ku Eastern Canada ku Northern Quebec ndi Northern Labrador. Mtundu wa bakha uwu nthawi ya nyengo yam'mphepete mwake kum'mwera kwa gombe la Mexico, Florida ndi Bermuda.
Bakha wakuda waku America amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala m'malo okhala nkhalango.
Malo okhala bakha wakuda waku America
Bakha wakuda waku America amakonda kukhala m'mizimba yamitundumitundu yambiri yatsopano komanso yotsekemera yomwe ili pakati pa nkhalango. Imakhala m'madambo okhala ndi asidi ndi zamchere, komanso m'madziwe, m'madziwe ndi ngalande pafupi ndi munda. Kugawidwa mu ma bays ndi ma estuaries. Imakonda malo osangalatsidwa ndi chakudya, omwe amakhala ndi malo ocheperako omwe amakhala ndi minda yayikulu yoyandikana nayo.
Nthawi yakuswana, mbalame zimasonkhana pama dziwe lalikulu, lotseguka, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ngakhale panyanja yayitali. Abakha akuda aku America ndi mitundu yosamukira. Mbalame zina zimakhala chaka chonse mu Nyanja Yaikulu.
Abakha akuda aku America ndi mitundu yosamukira.
M'nyengo yozizira, bakha wakuda wakumpoto kwambiri waku America amapita kumalo otsika ku gombe la Atlantic ku North America ndipo amapita kumwera ku Texas. Anthu ena amawoneka ku Puerto Rico, Korea ndi Western Europe, pomwe ena mwa iwo amapeza malo okhala kwanthawi yayitali.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa bakha wakuda waku America
Mwa amuna abakha achikuda aku America mu zovala zokomera, madera pamutu okhala ndi mitsempha yamphamvu yakuda, makamaka pamaso, ndi korona wamutu. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi, kuphatikiza mchira ndi mapiko, ndi ya bulauni.
Nthenga zomwe zili pansipa ndi zakuda, zakuda - zofiirira. Nthenga zazing'ono zimakhala ndi "kalilole" wa utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mtambo wakuda m'malire ndi nsonga yoyera. Nthenga za digiri lachitatu ndi zonyezimira, zakuda, koma zotsalazo ndizowoneka za imvi kapena zakuda, ndipo pansi pake ndi zoyera.
Mlomo ndi wachikasu chikasu kapena chikasu chowoneka bwino, chokhala ndi marigold wakuda. Miyendo ndi yofiirira. Yaikazi imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena mtengo wa azitona wokhala ndi malo ochepa wakuda. Miyendo ndi ma thunzi ndi a bulauni - maolivi mu mtundu.
Utoto wa mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa munthu wamkulu
Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zazing'ono umafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu akuluakulu, koma umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawanga amtundu wautali kwambiri pachifuwa ndi mbali yotsika ya thupi. Nthenga zimakhala ndi malire, koma malangizo amdima. Pothawa, bakha wakuda waku America amawoneka ngati mallard. Koma imawoneka yakuda, pafupifupi yakuda, makamaka mapiko amaoneka osiyana ndi maula ena onse.
Kulera mu bakha akuda aku America kumayamba mu Marichi-Epulo.
Kuswana bakha wakuda waku America
Kulera mu bakha akuda aku America kumayamba mu Marichi-Epulo. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimabwereranso kumalo omwe zimakhalira ndi zogona, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zomanga zanyumba kapena kukonza chisa chatsopano mamita 100 kuchokera pazakalezo. Chisa chimakhala pansi ndikubisika pakati pa masamba, nthawi zina pamiyala kapena pakati pa miyala.
Mu clutch 6-10 mazira achikasu achikasu.
Amayikidwa mu chisa nthawi imodzi tsiku limodzi. Akazi achichepere amaikira mazira ochepa. Nthawi yamatenthe, yamphongo imakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri pafupi ndi chisa. Koma kutengapo gawo pa kubereka ana sikunakhazikike. Kubwatcha kumatenga pafupifupi 27 masiku. Nthawi zambiri, mazira ndi anapiye amakhala ngati akhwangwala ndi akhwangwala. Ana oyambilira amapezeka koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndipo nsonga ya kumenyedwa imachitika koyambirira kwa Juni. Ana obadwa pambuyo pa maola 1-3 amatha kutsatira bakha. Wamkazi amatsogolera ana ake kwa masabata a 6-7.
Kunja kwa nthawi yodyera, abakha akuda aku America ndi mbalame zabwino kwambiri.
Zomwe zimachitika pa bakha wakuda waku America
Kunja kwa nyengo yakuswana, abakha akuda aku America ndi mbalame zokondweretsa. M'dzinja ndi masika, amapanga gulu la mbalame chikwi kapena kuposerapo. Komabe, kumapeto kwa Seputembala, maonekedwe awiriawiri, gululo limachepa ndipo pang'onopang'ono limachepera. Vapacheni amapangidwira nyengo yakuswana yokha ndipo amakhalapo kwa miyezi ingapo. Chiwongola dzanja cha zibwenzi zimachitika pakati pa dzinja, ndipo mu Epulo, pafupifupi azimayi onse amakhala atakhala pachiyanjano.
Mbalame zimadya m'madzi osaya, nthawi zonse kupenda pansi pamatope ndi milomo yawo.
Chakudya bakha wakuda waku America
Bakha wakuda wa ku America amadya nthangala ndi masamba am'mera zamadzi am'madzi. Ma Invertebrates amapanga chakudya chochuluka:
- tizilombo
- osoweka
- crustaceans, makamaka mu kasupe ndi chilimwe.
Mbalame zimadyera m'madzi osaya, nthawi zonse kupenda pansi pamatope ndi milomo yawo kapena kutembenukira mozondoka, kuyesera kulanda. Amayenda pansi nthawi ndi nthawi.
Bakha wakuda wa ku America - Kusaka chinthu
American Black Duck yakhala cholinga chofunikira kwambiri posaka mafoni am'madzi ku North America kwa nthawi yayitali.
Bakha Wakuda wa ku America - Chinthu Chofunika Chosaka
Mkhalidwe Wosungidwa wa Mkaka Wakuda wa America
Chiwerengero cha abakha akuda aku America mu 1950 chinali pafupifupi anthu 2 miliyoni, koma kuyambira pamenepo chiwerengero cha mbalame chatsika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi anthu 100,000 akukhala zachilengedwe. Zomwe zimatsikira sizikudziwika, koma izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo, kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi mtundu wa chakudya, kusaka kwambiri, mpikisano ndi mitundu ina ya bakha ndi ma hybridization okhala ndi bakha a mallard.
Kutuluka kwa anthu osakanizidwa kumayambitsa zovuta zina kuti mitunduyi iberekenso ndipo zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa abakha akuda aku America.
Zachikazi zophatikiza sizimagwira kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kuswana kwa ana. Zophatikiza ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi mbalame zosakhala zosakanizidwa, kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ma hybrids achikazi nthawi zambiri amafa asanabadwe. Izi zikuwoneka bwino pankhani ya kubadwa kwa interspecific ndi bakha wakuda waku America wokhala ndi mallard.
Chiwerengero cha bakha wakuda waku America chikucheperachepera
Mallards ambiri, chifukwa cha kusankha kwachilengedwe, adapanga njira zofananira ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, anthu ochulukirapo a mallard akuda aku America akukumana ndi majini owonjezera. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kupewa zolakwika posankha kuyanjana.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Mbiri yakale
Mitundu yapaderayi imatchedwa Lake Cayuga, yomwe ili ku New York State. Kuderali, mbalame zidagawa koyamba mu 1809. Obereketsa aku America adadutsa akuda ndi abakha am'nyumba. Poganizira za mtundu woyambirira, mtundu uwu watchedwa coral. Idali yokhazikitsidwa kokha mu 1874, monga bakha wa Kayuga.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kusankhidwa kwamtundu wa Black Kayug kumapitilira. Cholinga chachikulu cha kuyesayesa koteroko ndikuwonjezera chisonyezo cha zokolola za nyama ndi zipatso za dzira, kukonza maonekedwe, kuzindikira mawonekedwe atsopano mumithunzi ya nthenga.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Izi nyama ndi mazira amadziwika bwino mu ulimi wa ku Russia. Abakha amapezeka kuti akuswana ndikuchita ntchito yokongoletsa. Kuyenda mozungulira, mbalamezo zimakopa chidwi ndi nthenga zomwe zikuwala, kuwala kokongola ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Abakha amakhala m'nyumba, amakhala ndi madzi komanso mpweya wabwino.Malowa amakhala oyera, mwinanso mbalame imamwalira chifukwa cha tiziromboti. Ma Kayug amakonda kusambira kwambiri, motero dziwe lochita kuikiralo amaikika pamalo omwe amakhala kapena gawo lachilengedwe (lochokera kuthengo) lotsekedwa.
Maonekedwe ndi thupi
Kayuga nkovuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina ya abakha. Nthenga zakuda zakuda zimawoneka padzuwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi minyewa yayikulu, nthenga zambiri, nthenga zamphamvu zomwe zimakwanira m'thupi ndipo zimagwira ntchito yoteteza.
Thupi limatha, mutu kumayang'ana kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi yaying'ono, wosagawanika. Mlomo - wakuda, maso - makristali, woderapo. Bakha amakhala ndi chifuwa chopangidwa bwino, miyendo yolimba komanso yokhazikika. Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo, wamtundu wokulirapo, amasintha malo pamene akuyenda.
Mphumi yayitali imasanduka mulomo, utoto wake kutengera mtundu wa Kayug. Amuna amakhala obiriwira kapena azitona, mwa akazi ndi wakuda, wabuluu wakuda. Khosi limafupikitsidwa, limakhazikika, bwino limadutsa m'mapewa ndi chifuwa chowoneka.
Kulemera kwa amuna akuluakulu kumafika pa 4-5 makilogalamu, akazi - oposa 3 kg. Bakha amanenepa ndi kuphedwa atakwanitsa miyezi iwiri, apo ayi kuyambika kwa kusungunuka kwa minyewa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kubudula kwa mtembowo.
Mtundu
Pachikhalidwe, bakha wa Kayuga ndi wakuda bii, yemwe amafikira thupi, mlomo ndi miyendo. Mwakuwala kowala, nthenga zimapeza sheen wachitsulo wobiriwira kapena wabuluu. Mbalameyi imawala dzuwa, imawoneka yokongola kwambiri.
Kukula kwa mitundu kumatengera mtundu wa bakha. Mwachitsanzo, amphongo m'kuwala amatembenukira buluu, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri ebb yachilendo imadziunjikira kumtunda kwa thupi, imakhala ikuwuma kale mpaka m'miyendo yake.
Zopatsa
Ngakhale amapanga zipatso zambiri, bakha amakulira ngati nkhuku yokongoletsera. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa khungu lakuda bii ndi nthenga yakuda ya nthenga, yomwe imakhudza zosowa za nyama. Komabe, akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi samangodziwa mafuta ochepa omwe amapezeka mu nyama, komanso momwe amapindulitsira thupi:
- kukonza tsitsi ndi misomali,
- kupewa kukula kwa zotupa pakhungu,
- kusintha kwa chakudya cham'mimba,
- kuchuluka kwa poizoni ndi zakupha m'thupi,
- kusintha kwa endocrine ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo,
- kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin.
Madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa muzakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, kutupa kwamatumbo, mafupa am'mimba komanso khansa, komanso azimayi pakumwa nthawi yayitali ndi kuyamwitsa.
Kulemera kwambiri kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 4, ndipo wamkazi - 3 kg. Mbalame zokhala ndi ana zoyamwa ziyenera kuphedwa zisanathe masiku 60 zisanachitike nthenga za nthenga zisanayambe. Mkazi m'modzi pachaka amatha kubereka mazira pafupifupi 150. Kuchuluka kwa dzira limodzi sikuposa 100 g. Kuchuluka kumeneku ndikokwanira kugulitsa komanso kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mazirawo ndi kukhalapo kwa mtundu wakuda wa khumi oyamba, malonda onse amtsogolo ali ndi thunzi lowala la ubweya wonyezimira.
Bakha amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusachita bwino kwake. Mbalame zimafunikira chisamaliro chochepa. Mbalame zimakonda kuyenda mwaulere kudzera pamayendedwe amadzi pafupi ndi malo ang'onoang'ono achilengedwe. Palibe mitsinje ndi nyanja, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupanga malo osambira osambira. Kapangidwe kakuyenera kupangidwira m'malo oyendayenda, omwe amakhala ngati malo othawirako ku mvula yambiri komanso dzuwa lotentha.
Pakusala nyengo yozizira, eni ake ayenera kukonza chipinda chotentha pomwe kutentha sikuyenera kutsikira pansi + 5 °. Mbalame zimatha kulekerera chisanu chaching'ono komanso kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha, koma m'malo otetezeka amatha kukhalabe ndi zokolola pachaka chonse. Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa kaboni dayokisaidi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino kwambiri womwe ungathandize kuti mpweya wabwino uzingolowa m'chipindacho. Monga zinyalala, utuchi, udzu ndi udzu wouma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse, ndikofunikira kukonza kuyeretsa kwanyumba ndikusintha zinyalala zonse.
Mbali yofunika kwambiri kwa abakha ali ndi zisa, odyetsa, mbale zomwera ndi zotengera zomwe zimakhala ndi mchenga wabwino. Zopangira zakudya ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa tsiku lililonse. Ndizoletsedwa kusiya zakudya zakale. Kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chovunda sikungapangitse poyizoni wa chakudya, komanso kufa kwa ziweto zonse. Pakulima kwa mtundu uwu, mbale zomwera ziyenera kumadzaza madzi oyera nthawi zonse. Ngati njira zaukhondo ndi zaukhondo sizitsatiridwa, bakha akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto:
- coccidiosis,
- chiwindi
- aspergillosis
- nsomba
- matenda a goiter.
Kupanga mazira
Bakha amanyamula mazira 100-150 pachaka. Iliyonse yolemera 80-100 g Mazira ndi okulirapo kuposa nkhuku, poyamba amakhala ndi chipolopolo chakuda, koma m'magawo khumiwo amakhala oyera, ali ndi mthunzi wa azitona.
Mazira a Kayuga ndi ovuta kupeza. Pokhapokha ngati wobereketsa wina amagulitsa kwa mnzake kuti apitirize kuswana. Nthawi zina, mazira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati banja la obereketsa ngati chopangira kapena kusamalira ana.
Kudyetsa
Kuti mbalamezo zizikhala ndi thanzi labwino, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipiridwa pakudya kwa mbalame, zomwe siziyenera kungokhala zofunikira zokha, komanso mavitamini ndi mchere wofunikira. Maziko azakudya za bakha ndi zakudya, zosakaniza za tirigu ndi zovuta zina zowonjezera mchere. Eni ake ayenera kutsimikizira kupeza chakudya chouma nthawi zonse. Munthawi yonse ya chilimwe, udzu wamafuta, algae ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala chakudya cha mbalame.
Mbalame zomwe zikudya zonenepa siziyenera kungolandila chakudya chambiri, koma zimakhalanso m'malo. Zakudya za abakha awa kwa miyezi iwiri ziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zinayi patsiku. Zakudya zoyenera kwambiri zonenepa zimakhala ndi chimanga, tirigu ndi barele wophika mumkaka kapena msuzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuphatikiza zosakaniza ndi tirigu wouma, mbewu zozizira zophika, ma granles wobiriwira ndi masileji, komanso mavitamini apadera ndi ma microelements apadera, omwe angapereke thupi la mbalame ndi michere yonse, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kayuga bakha chikhalidwe ndi moyo
Abakha okha ndiwosangalatsa, osakhazikika, amakhala odekha komanso odabwitsa. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono, osapirira. Amakhala ndi kupanikizika kwabwino, samachita mantha ndi phokoso lakuthwa komanso mayendedwe a nyama zina.
Bakha wa Kayuga ndi wolimba mtima komanso wolimba, salekerera kuzizira, amakhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika, samadwala.
Mbalameyi imazolowera nyengo yatsopano, ndipo kusintha koteroko sikumangowononga zowonetsa. Mbalame zimakonda kudya udzu wama maluwa, ndipo zikadyetsedwa, zimalemera msanga.
Potentha, nthawi zambiri amasambira ndikusambira, ndipo njira zamadzi zikatha kusintha amasankha dzuwa. Kuyenda kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndikwabwino kwa mbalame zokha, sakonda kukhala otsekeka.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za abakha a Kayug mu kanema wotsatira:
Abakha amafunikira chisamaliro, zakudya zabwino komanso nyumba yoyera. Mbalamezi ndizodziyimira payokha, motero zimatha kukhala paulere pamtunda. Amatha kusiyidwa osakonzekera ndipo sangakayikire kuti palibe amene atayika kapena wolumala.
Popeza Kayugi amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira, amalekerera mosavuta ngakhale matenda oopsa, samadwala. Ndi phokoso lakutali, mbalame sizimachita manyazi konse; nkovuta kuti muwatulutse muyezo wofanana. Chifukwa chake ndi zomwe zimasimbidwa palibve mavuto.
Kuswana
Kuti munthu akhale ndi ana osankhidwa bwino, alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti azigula mazira oti azigwiritsa ntchito pophikira kapena ogulitsa chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku m'mafakitoli a mbalame kapena kwa obereketsa akatswiri. Pamaso pa anthu okhazikika bwino, nyama zazing'ono zimathanso kupezeka kunyumba: abakha ali ndi lingaliro lakubadwira mwana ndi udindo waukulu kwa ana obadwa kumene. Kuti tikwaniritse umuna wambiri wa mazira, aliyense wamwamuna sayenera kukhala ndi akazi opitilira 7. Akazi amtunduwu amatha kuswa popanda mazira osaposa 15; kuti apeze nyama zazing'ono, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mazira omwe amaikira mazira obiriwira akuluakulu abakha. Patatha masiku 30 kuyikira mazira, titha kuyembekezera kubadwa kwa nyama zazing'ono.
Mwana wangayo, yemwe bakha'yo adakhala, ayenera kukhala ndi amayi ake, omwe nkhawa zonse za mwana zimgona. Ana pachifuwa cha makulitsidwe amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka. Chingwe chiyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda chosiyana ndi magetsi ndi kutentha. Pamalo opezeka mpweya wabwino, muyenera kukhazikitsa zitsime zosachepera pomwe anapiye amasangalala kusambira. Kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku mlengalenga kumalimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira.
Zakudya za nyama zazing'onoting'ono zimayenera kukhala ndi masamba ophwanyika, tchizi tchizi, kefir, mazira owiritsa ndi ufa wa chipolopolo. Eni ake ayenera kusamala kuti pasakhale zinthu zakunja zomwe zingalowe mumadyetsedwe omwe abakha amatha kutsamwitsidwa. Kuti muchepetse mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri, calcium iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi osakaniza. Pazaka 1 mwezi umodzi, anapiye amatha kusamutsidwa ku zakudya za mbalame zachikulire.
Zofunikira zanyumba
Bakha a Kayuga amakhala m'nyumba m'nyengo yozizira, koma amakonda kuyenda. M'chilimwe amakhala nthawi yochepa m'nyumba, nthawi zambiri mumlengalenga.
Zofunikira zanyumba:
- Chipindacho chizikhala chowala, chokwanira.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwakhala ndi mazenera opepuka, abwino mpweya.
- Zomera m'mbali mwa chipinda.
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa chisa ndi 40x50 cm.
- Khomo lolowera chisa limatetezedwa ndi pakhomo la masentimita 8 kuti mazira asagwere ndipo osasweka.
- Nyengo yotentha, kutentha kovomerezeka ndi madigiri a 17-19, nthawi yozizira osachepera madigiri 5.
- Zinyalala zopangidwa ndi udzu, peat, sedge 30 cm wandiweyani zimapangidwa pansi.
- M'chilimwe, chipindacho chimayatsidwa ndi dzuwa, nthawi yozizira - kuyatsa kokumbukira.
- Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa nyali za infrared kuti mupeze magetsi owonjezera.
- Mbalame iliyonse imasowa chakumwa, kayendedwe ka madzi abwino.
- Kuvomerezedwa kwa feeders kuchokera kuma board, muli ma mineral zowonjezera.
Ndege imayikidwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, kapena kuti ndimaunda wokulungika adatsekeka. Kuphatikiza apo, anaika cholembera chomwe chimateteza mbalame ku kutentha ndi mvula. Nyumbayo, monga aviary, iyenera kutsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, apo ayi tiziromboti timawonekera.
Ndemanga
Kutchuka komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chiwerengerochi kunapangitsa kuyambika kwa ndemanga zambiri zabwino ndi zoipa. Alimi amazindikira kuti mbalame zimachita bwino kwambiri komanso zimakonda kubadwa kwa mbalame, zomwe zimathandiza pakupindulitsa ndi phindu. Malo oyang'anira nkhuku, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi dziwe ndi mayad, akuwona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zogulira zosakanikirana chifukwa tirigu amatha kupeza chakudya.
Kusasamala kwa mndende kumalola kuti muchepetse mtengo wa zomanga. Komabe, zovuta za kugulitsa nyama ndizomwe zimayipa kwambiri mbalameyi.
Khungu losawoneka bwino limachepetsa kufunika kwa nyama yakudya.
Mu kanema wotsatira, mutha kuyang'ananso mozama abakha.
Malo oyenda ndikupeza madzi
Abakha samangofunika mpweya watsopano, komanso kuyenda kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kulola kuyenda.
Ngati Kayugi adya udzu, mutchinjirize ndi mpanda kuti nyama zina zisazigwire mbalamezo ndikuziwopseza.
M'chilimwe, gawo limayenera kukhala lambiri kuchokera ku dzuwa ndi mvula, dziwe lochita kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, dzazani beseni laling'ono kapena bafa lakale lamadzi. Abakha amakonda kusambira ndi kulowa pansi, koma nthawi yozizira ndi bwino kusiya kwakanthawi kachitidwe kamadzi.
Zakudya bakha
Mukamadyetsa abakha, maziko a chakudyacho ndi chakudya chamagulugufe, chomwe chimakulitsa mphamvu ya mbalame. Sankhani njere yomwe yakumbidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, phatikizani chimanga, oats, nyemba, ndi barele pamenyu.
Kuteteza matenda a metabolism, zakudya zoyendetsedwa ndizofunikira muzakudya. Mwachitsanzo, keke ndiyofunikira pakuyala nkhuku, monga gwero la phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Nthambi zimapangira kuchepa kwa fiber. Chakudya chouma chimakhala magwero owonjezera a chakudya. Pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimakonzedwa siziyenera kupitirira 5-10% ya chakudya chonse.
Zakudya zamasamba ndi zakudya zokoma, zomwe zimakololedwa kuyambira chilimwe, zimathandizira kuthana ndi vuto lakusowa kwa vitamini. Alfalfa ndi clover, mbewu za muzu (dzungu ndi beets mpaka 20% yazakudya zonse) ndizothandiza kwambiri. Zakudya zotere zimaperekedwa kwa abakha mwa mawonekedwe a nthaka.
Maminolo amathandizira kuti chakudya chikhale bwino, azichulukitsa chimbudzi. Gwero lalikulu la mchere ndi chipolopolo, ufa wamfupa, choko, miyala ychere, mchere. Zigawo zoterezi zimatha kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuonetsetsa mosamalitsa tsiku lililonse.
Masiku 10-15 asanaphedwe, abakha a Kayugam amapatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera.
Chakudya cha chilimwe
Mu kizimbe, omugagga Kayuga agya gyennyini. Amasowa kabokosi komwe kali kutali ndi malo okumbiramo zinthu zakale kuti athe kubisala mu nthawi ya mvula ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pakadali pano, mbalameyi imadya nyongolotsi, tizilombo, udzu, ikukula kwambiri.
M'chilimwe, obereketsa amakwanitsa kusunga ndalama zogulira ndikugula nyama yakulemera pambuyo pophedwa. Chachikulu ndikuwunika kudya kwa bakha, kupatula kukhalapo pa udzu wa mbewu zapoizoni, majeremusi oyipa, zinthu zakunja.
Dzazani akumwa ndi madzi oyera ndikuyang'anira mphindi iyi tsiku lililonse. M'chilimwe, bakha amatha kumwa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Chifukwa chake, sinthani zakumwa 2 kawiri pa tsiku. Ngati mwala kapena nkhungu yaoneka pamakoma a mbale yothirayo, musataye mankhwala, mwina mbalameyo ingafe.
Zakudya zachisanu
M'nyengo yozizira, obereketsa amadyetsa Kayug kawiri patsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chakudya choyamba chimaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yonyowa komanso masheya wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba, wachiwiri umaphatikizapo chakudya chambiri cholimba. Moyenera kupezeka kwa 500 ml ya madzi oyera m'mbale.
M'chilimwe, abakha amalemera mwachangu, motero obereketsa amakulitsa chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Mafuta omwe amatuluka amapulumutsa mbalameyo kuzizira kwambiri komanso kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira, kumanga misa ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kodi amalekerera bwanji kuzizira?
Kayugi amatha kusinthana bwino ndi chisanu. Pa kutentha kwa madigiri +5, amamva bwino m'nyumba, chachikulu ndichakuti chipindacho chimakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimathanso kuyenda. Lambulani udzu wa chipale chofewa ndi nthambi kuti bakha asawonongeke.
Kuchokera pa kuzizira kwa ma paws, kuphimba njira ndi udzu kapena udzu. Chepetsani nthawi yanu yoyenda mpaka mphindi 30 mpaka 40 kawiri pa tsiku, kutengera nyengo. Ndi chakudya choyenera, chitetezo cha Kayuga nthawi yozizira sichitha, chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa thupi ndizochepa.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Pofuna kuswana, gulani ana ang'onoang'ono kuchokera kwa obereketsa okhawo ovomerezeka popereka zolemba zoyenera. Kupanda kutero, pali mwayi wogula ma mestizos, omwe mtengo wake ndiwotsika kuposa oimira mtundu wokhazikitsidwa ndi mtunduwu.
Malamulo osakira Kayug:
- Khosalo likuyenera kukhala ndi abakha 7 ndi drake 1.
- Pewani kukwatitsa abale anu apamtima, chifukwa patapita nthawi mbewuyo idzasokonekera.
- Abakha amakhala ndi nzeru za amayi zopangidwa mwaluso, kotero anapiye safunikira kuwongolera kowonjezereka kwa obereketsa.
Kayugi amaphunzitsa ana kusambira ndi kupeza chakudya m'madzi. Ngati anapiye ena akabadwa kale, amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kupanda kutero, bakha adzaleka kukoka mazira otsala ndikuthamangira kukweza anapiye obadwa kale. Cayuga amasaka mazira kwa mwezi umodzi, mpaka 15 anapiye akuwaswa.
Kuthengo, abakha amakhala zaka 10-30. Akaberekana, amaphedwa ali ndi miyezi iwiri pambuyo pakupanenepa kwambiri.
Dzira
Nthawi ya makulidwe amasiyana masiku 26 mpaka 28, kawirikawiri - mpaka masiku 35. Malangizo abwino kwa obereketsa omwe agula chofungatira:
- Ngati wamkazi agundika mpaka kumapeto kwa 15, ndiye mothandizidwa ndi chofungatira chizindikirochi ndi dongosolo la kukula kwambiri.
- Kwa makulidwe, mazira okhala ndi hue wobiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe akuwonetsa kukhwima kwa nkhuku.
- Kwa mazira ofikira osanjikiza a masiku 14-18 amasankhidwa.
- Pambuyo pa kuwoneka kwa abakha, tambuyo tating'onoting'ono timakhala pansi pamtengowu, womwe amawadyetsa.
Malamulo oyambira mukamagwiritsa ntchito chofungatira:
- Patsiku loyamba, osatembenuza mazira, atenthe mbali imodzi pamatenthedwe mpaka madigiri 38.
- Masabata otsatira, tembenuzani mazira tsiku ndi tsiku kangapo.
- Tsiku lililonse, tsegulani chivundikiro cha mphindi 10, chomwe chimapereka kuzizira, mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe.
- Mazira ofunda kwa masiku 26 pa kutentha kwa madigiri 37,5. Pa tsiku la 27, muchepetse mpaka madigiri 37 ndikuyembekezera kuwoneka kwa anapiye.
- Sanjani ana agalu oswitsidwawo ku ana, komwe amawagoneka pansi pa chisamaliro cha nkhuku.
Kusamalira Ana Aang'ono ndi Kudyetsa
Pakubadwa kwa anapiye, yang'anani ukhondo ndi dongosolo la nyumbayo. Kusatetezeka kwa ana sikunapangidwe kokwanira, kotero, ntchito za majeremusi zimatha kuwawononga. Pewani kukhudzana ndi zojambulajambula, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri masabata anayi oyamba amoyo a nyama zazing'ono.
Mwezi woyamba, ana aakazi sakusiyanitsa chakudya, amawongolera chilichonse chomwe chimabwera pansi pa phazi lawo. Onetsetsani kuti m'nyumba mwanu mulibe zinthu zakunja kapena mbewu zapoizoni. Kuchulukitsa chakumwa kumakhala kuchuluka chifukwa anapiye amamwa kwambiri. Konzani zotengera pasadakhale pomwe ana agalu akaphunzira kusambira.
Samalani zakudya zamatenda achichepere. Cholinga chachikulu cha obereketsa ndiku kukhazikitsa chimbudzi, kupatsa mphamvu thupi la anapiyewo ndi mavitamini ndi michere yofunika. Calcium ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakukula.
Zomwe mumadya tsiku lililonse:
- mapuloteni ophika owiritsa, zitsamba zatsopano,
- kefir, yogati, tchizi chanyumba, zinthu zina mkaka,
- mazira wosweka ndi ufa
- mbewu zazing'ono, chakudya chamagulu (kuyambira m'badwo wa sabata).
Matenda
Monga anthu ena akumudzi, bakha wa Kayuga amatha kudwala. Zomwe zimapangidwiratu ndizoperewera kwa mavitamini, ntchito ya majeremusi motsutsana ndi maziko osemphana ndi malamulo osunga mbalame, zolakwika za zakudya.
Matenda ofala kwambiri:
- Kuperewera kwa Vitamini. Kuperewera kwa Vitamini, koopsa makamaka kwa abakha.
- Salmonellosis. Matendawa amakula ali mwana, matendawa amalowa m'mimba ndi chakudya.
- Virusi chiwindi. Pangozi ndi ana abwana omwe sanadutse masiku 20 chibadwire.
- Matenda a Goiter. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zikupatsa chidwi ndi chakudya chopanda bwino kwa ana abakha ndi mbalame zazikulu.
- Coccytosis Pangozi - abakha mpaka miyezi iwiri. Zizindikiro zake zotere ndizopanda magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi ntchito ya majeremusi.
- Aspergillosis. Nthenda ya fungus, yomwe imayendera limodzi ndi katulutsidwe ka mphuno. Ngakhale munthu atha kudwala.
Matendawa awiri omaliza ndi owopsa, makamaka oopsa kwa mbalame zina zonse ndi obereketsa omwe. Mbalame zoyambukiridwa sizoyenera kudya anthu; mitembo yawo imawotchedwa.
Abakha a Kayuga samadwala, amakhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika. Koma pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, woweta amayenera kuyankha mwachangu, kukaonana ndi veterinarian, ndikuteteza nyama zina zapafamu.
Zabwino ndi zovuta za bakha wa Kayuga
Amabakha awa amatchuka ndi mtundu wawo woyambirira komanso mawonekedwe okongola, bata komanso chonde. Posankha oyimira mtundu wa Kayuga woweta, obereketsa amaganizira zabwino za mtunduwu:
- kukana kupsinjika
- kudziyimira pawokha pamakhalidwe,
- chitetezo chokwanira
- kukana chisanu
- kusasamala mu chakudya,
- nzeru zopangidwa ndi amayi,
- nyama yayikulu ndi dzira,
- Nyama zambiri zapulumuka,
- nyama yokoma, yazakudya.
Mtundu uliwonse wa nkhuku umakhala ndi zovuta zake, ndipo abakha a Kayuga ndi amodzi. Izi ndi:
- mtengo wotsika wa nyama
- kuchepa thupi
- malingaliro oyipa obwera chifukwa cha makulidwe,
- chitsa chakuda chakutola,
- mazira sagulitsidwa.
Zowopsa
Mallard wakuda waku America wakhala atavoteledwa ngati masewera, kukhala osamala komanso ofulumira mapiko. Ngakhale mtunduwu suchititsa nkhawa zambiri, ziwerengero zake zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa malo. Ena oteteza zachilengedwe amawona kuwoloka ndi kupikisano ndi abakha a mallard kuti ndiwowonjezera nkhawa zomwe zikupitilira kuchepa (Rhymer & Simberloff 1996, Rhymer 2006). Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kubereka modutsa sindiyo vuto lalikulu, chifukwa cha kusankha kwachilengedwe, anthu omwe asinthidwa bwino adzakhala ndi ana ambiri. Koma kusakhazikika kwazinthu zazikazi zowoneka bwino pamapeto pake kumapangitsa ana ambiri kulephera, popeza ana amafa asanabadwe. Ngati ili silili vuto kumisika yayikulu, ndiye kuti kwa anthu akuda aku America amapanganso kupsinjika.