White-fronted Ateronotus (lat. Apteronotus albifrons) kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira, mpeni wakuda, iyi ndi imodzi mwazisodzi nsomba zachilendo zam'madzi zomwe amateurs amasunga m'madzi am'madzi.
Amamukonda chifukwa ndi wokongola, wokondweretsa komanso wopanda zachilendo. M'dziko lakwathu, nkhalango zamvula za ku Amazon, mafuko am'derali amakhulupirira kuti mpeni ndi nsomba, mizimu ya makolo imakhala pambuyo pa imfa, motero imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopatulika.
Ngakhale amatha kukula kwambiri, pafupifupi 40 masentimita, amakhalabe okongola kwambiri.
Amakhala amanyazi mwachilengedwe, apertonotus amatha pakapita nthawi ndipo amayamba kuchita zinthu molimba mtima, mpaka kufikira pomwe amadya ndi manja awo.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Apteronotus albifrons adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1766. Amakhala ku South America, ku Amazon ndi m'milandu yake. Dzina lasayansi ndi loyera-apronotus, koma limatchedwa mpeni wakuda. Dzinali limachokera ku Chingerezi - Black Ghost Knifefish.
Mwachilengedwe, limakhala m'malo okhala ndi kamphepo kochepa komanso pansi pamchenga, kusamukira munkhokwe zamadzi nthawi yamvula.
Monga nsomba zambiri zamtundu wake, amakonda malo odzala ndi malo okhala. Ku Amazon, malo omwe moyo wa afteronotus umakhala wopanda kuwala komanso wowona bwino kwambiri.
Kuti alipire kufooka kwa masomphenya, laimu yoyera imapanga gawo lamagetsi losazungulira, mothandizidwa ndi momwe limasunthira mayendedwe ndi zinthu. Mundawo umathandizira kusaka ndikuyenda, koma kuwonjezera apo, mothandizidwa ndi magetsi, apertonotus imalumikizana ndi mtundu wake.
Malupanga akuda ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera usiku zomwe zimadyera mitsinje tizilombo, mphutsi, mphutsi, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Popita nthawi, ma apertonotuse onse ogulitsa adatumizidwa kuchokera ku South America, makamaka kuchokera ku Brazil. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa adagona mu ukapolo, makamaka ku Southeast Asia, ndipo kupsinjika kwa anthu mwachilengedwe kwatsika kwambiri.
Kufotokozera
Mpeni wakuda umatha kukula mpaka 50 cm ndikukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15. Thupi lathyathyathya komanso lalitali. Palibe zipsepse zamkati ndi zowondera; tsekalo zimafalikira thupi lonse kupita kumchira.
Kusuntha kokhala ngati mafunde ndi anal fin kumapangitsa chisomo cha apertonotus. Ngakhale akuwoneka kuti ali ndi vuto, kayendedwe kazinthu zamagetsi ndi kutalika kwa ma anal zimapangitsa kukhala kosangalatsa kwambiri kusunthira mbali iliyonse.
Ndikunikira dzina lake, ateronotus ndi wakala-wakuda, kumutu kokha kuli mzere woyera womwe umayendanso kumbuyo. Komanso mikwingwirima yoyera yokhala ndi mchira.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Chalangizidwa kwa asodzi odziwa ntchito zam'madzi.
Popeza mpeni wakuda ulibe mamba, umagwira kwambiri matenda komanso zomwe zimakhala ndimadzi m'madzi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa fyuluta yakunja ndi chosungira cha UV, chomwe chingachepetse mwayi wopeza matendawa.
Komanso, nsomba imakonda kwambiri magawo amadzi ndi kusintha kwawo.
Monga nsomba zambiri zofananira, ateronotus ndi yamanyazi komanso sazindikira, makamaka mu aquarium yatsopano.
Vuto linanso ndilakuti mumadya nyama usiku, ndipo muyenera kudyetsa usiku kapena dzuwa litalowa.
Kudyetsa
Mipeni yakuda ndi nsomba zodya nyama. Mwachilengedwe, zochitika zimachitika usiku, pomwe zimadyera tizilombo, mphutsi, nkhono ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Mu aquarium, chakudya chamoyo kapena chisanu chimadyedwa, mwachitsanzo, magazi am'madzi, shrimp, artemia kapena tubule, fillets za nsomba, zimatha kuphunzitsidwanso mapiritsi ndi granules zosiyanasiyana.
Asakanso nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi mipeni.
Ndikwabwino kudyetsa madzulo kapena usiku, koma mukazolowera, amatha kudya masana, ngakhale ndi manja.
Nthawi yambiri imakhala pafupi pansi. Mpeni wakuda wamkulu ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe imafunikira Aquarium wamkulu. Ndikofunika kusunga m'mizinda yama 400 malita kapena kupitilira.
Chosefera chakunja champhamvu chimafunikira, chophatikiza ndi UV chophatikizidwa. Nsomba zimatulutsa zonyansa zambiri, zimadya zakudya zama protein komanso zimakonda madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotereku kungathandize kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri ngati muyiwala kuchotsa zotsalira, mwachitsanzo.
Dothi - mchenga kapena miyala yabwino. Ndikofunika kuti pali malo ambiri obisalira komwe oyera-apronotus amatha kubisala masana.
Akatswiri ena am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito machubu owoneka pomwe nsomba zimakhala zotetezeka, koma zimatha kuwoneka. Amakhala tsiku lonse pabwino.
Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kuyandama mbewu kuti mupeze tchuthi ndikupanga kutuluka kwakutali mu aquarium.
Ma parameter amadzi: kutentha kuchokera pa 23 mpaka 28 ° С, ph: 6.0-8.0, 5 - 19 dGH.
Kuswana
Kuti mubereke mumafunika ngalande ya malita 400. Pakadulira, munthu wamwamuna mmodzi kapena akazi awiri kapena atatu azibzalidwe.
Pambuyo pakupeta, zazikazi zotsala ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Patsani zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri. Kutentha kwamadzi - 27 ° С, pH 6.7. Awiriwo amatuluka usiku, pansi, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyang'anira m'mawa uliwonse ngati kutulutsa kumachitika.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, yaikaziyo imayenera kuyikidwapo, ndipo yamphongo imatsalira - imateteza mazira ndikuipaka ndi zipsepse. Monga lamulo, mwachangu kuwaswa tsiku lachitatu, pambuyo pake wamphongo amathanso kukhala m'ndende.
Amuna akakhala kuti aswa, amadya pamphika kwa yolk kwa masiku awiri, ndipo mutha kuyamba kudyetsa tsiku lachitatu.
Kuyambira poyambira - ciliates. Pa tsiku lakhumi, mwachangu amatha kusamutsidwira ku naupliya artemia, kudyetsa katatu patsiku. Pakapita kanthawi, mwachangu amatha kuyamba kudyetsedwa ndi tubule wodulidwa, ndikofunikira kudyetsa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso nthawi zambiri.
Mu aquarium
Ngakhale kuti nsomba zimadyanso, sizikhala zowopsa kwa nsomba zazikulu, koma amawona nsomba zazing'ono ngati chakudya. Payenera kukhala pobisalira m'madzi. Kutentha kwamadzi 25-30 ° C. Kuthandiza bwino komanso kusefera kumafunika.
Habitat
Bwerani ku South America. Zimapezeka pafupifupi m'chigwa chonse cha Amazon. Mumakonda madera okhala ndi pang'onopang'ono, mchenga wamchenga komanso malo ambiri othawirako. Nyengo yanyengo, sambira mu malo ghakusazgikira nkhongono. Nsombazi zimatsogola, ndipo masana zimasunga m'malo momwe dzuwa siligwa.
Zambiri:
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zamoyo zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe zimadya nyongolotsi, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka m'madzi ndi mphutsi, nsomba zazing'ono. Zakudya zatsopano kapena zachisanu, monga nyongolotsi, mawundu am'magazi, nthomba zamagazi, zidutswa za mussels ndi shrimp, zitha kutumikiridwa ku aquarium yakunyumba. Ngati alipo, sangakane ku nsomba zamoyo.
Amadziwika kuti nsomba zam'maso zakuda zimatha kukumbukira mwini wake nthawi yayitali ndikutenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja. Ndikofunika kuti manja akhale oyera, osakhala ndi sopo, mafuta.
Msodzi m'modzi amafunika madzi okwanira malita 300. Kapangidwe kake kakufanane ndi chilengedwe komanso kuwala pang'ono komanso malo okhala. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito gawo lamiyala yabwino, miyala yosalala, miyala yamitengo, kuphatikizapo yoyandama, komanso mitengo yambiri ya driftwood ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakhale pothaŵirapo.
Kusamalira bwino kumadalira kwambiri kusungitsa madzi osasunthika ndi pH yoyenera ndi dGH. Kuphatikiza pa njira yotsetsedwera yopatsa thanzi, akatswiri ena am'madzi amatenga zothimbirira ngati njira yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zoyenera zosamalira ma aquarium ndikusintha kwa sabata kwa gawo lamadzi ndi 30-50% ndikuyeretsa nthawi zonse dothi kuti lisungidwe zinyalala.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Nsomba zamtendere zamtendere pocheza ndi anansi ena am'madzi. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti iyi ndi nyama yamtengo wapatali, choncho nsomba zochepa kwambiri zimatha kukhala adani awo mwangozi. Mkati mwa mitundu, zinthu sizosiyana. Mpeni wakuda wakuda umakwiyira kwambiri achibale ake, zomwe sizimalola kuti azisungidwa mgulu.
Matenda a nsomba
Nsomba zopangidwa ndi nyama zopangidwa kuthengo zimawoneka zolimba kuposa abale awo omwe agwidwa kuthengo. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, onse a iwo sangakhale ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Mosiyana, ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, zoopsa za matenda ena zimachuluka. Mu nsomba yoyamba, malire a mulingo woyenera ndi wokwera pang'ono. Onani gawo la matenda a nsomba za Aquarium kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi njira zamankhwala.
Machitidwe.ru
Nsomba yakuda yakuda (Apteronotus albifrons) ndiye nsomba yotchuka kwambiri yabanja la Apteronotidae. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchulukirachulukira ndikukutumiza kwa nsomba, komwe kumatenga zaka makumi angapo kuchokera kumphepete mwa mitsinje ya South America. Ndipo, mwachidziwikire, chifukwa chachiwiri chodziwika ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa nsomba ndi oyimilira ena a pabanja lawo chifukwa cha mzere woyera, womwe umakhala mchira wa thupi. M'mayiko ena amatchedwa "Black Ghost Knife Fish", chifukwa mafuko amtchire ku nkhalango ya Amazon amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya anthu akufa imapita kunyanjayo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ateronotus wakuda watumizidwa ku Indonesia, komwe amawombera bwino.
Kudumphira mwachangu pa nkhaniyi
Makhalidwe akunja
Nsombazo zimatha kukula mpaka 50cm m'madzi. Aftertonotus ili ndi gulu lolinganiza ndege, lalitali. Kumbuyo kuli ndalama yosasintha yopanda tanthauzo, yomwe mbali yakumunsi imalumikizana ndi caudal ndi anal fin. Izi zimapanga dongosolo lotchedwa "radar", lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nsombayi ngati magetsi otsika mphamvu popangira mosungira. Kupanga konseku kumakupatsaninso mwayi kuti musunthi ndikubwerera mu aquarium.
Mpeni wa nsomba poyamba umatha kukhala wamanyazi, wovuta. Koma ikangolowa pansi, imalowa mdziko lapansi kuti ipeze chakudya. Ena amatenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwa munthu ngati amachizolowera. Protein ateronotus ndi nsomba zam'madzi zamtendere zomwe sizisokoneza anzawo. Komabe, imakhudzidwa ndi magawo amadzi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ndibwino kukhazikitsa mu thanki yayalkulu yokhala ndi malita a 350-400. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo ndi zaka 15.
Onani momwe mpeni wa nsomba umaonekera.
Momwe mungasungire afteronotus munyumba yanu yakunyumba
Mpeni wa nsomba zakuda ndi nyama yolusa. Kuthengo, imadyera tizilombo ndi mphutsi, mphutsi ndi nsomba zazing'ono. M'madzi otchedwa aquarium, apteronotus yoyera-yoyera amatha kudya zakudya zouma, monga minyewa yamagazi ndi artemia. Nthawi zina amadyetsedwa m'manja mwa mwini. Asanadye nsomba ayenera kugwiridwa manja, ayenera kukhala oyera komanso osanunkhiza. Mutha kupatsa nyama ya shirimpu, nkhanu, mphutsi, nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhono. Poyamba, kusinthasintha kwa m'madzi samakonda kudya, pambuyo pake amadya pafupipafupi, kangapo patsiku.
Mpeni wakuda umakonda kuyatsa kosachedwa ndi malo okhala m'miyala yosalala, miyala ndi kukonzedwa nkhuni. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito machubu owoneka ngati chovala ngati zokongoletsera - pamenepo mwiniwakeyo amatha kuwona chiweto chomwe chimakhala kuti chatetezeka. Zomera zimafunika kusankha otetezeka, ndi masamba osalala komanso aatali.
Khazikikani mu malo osambira wamba
Black ateronotus imakwiyira anthu amtundu wake komanso achibale ake apabanja la Apteronotidae. Ngakhale ndi wamanyazi, amatha kumeza nsomba zazing'ono, monga guppies, neon. Mabau adzawapatsa mavuto, akumasulira zipsepse zokongola. Ateronotus wokhala ndi moyera azidzadya ma mollusks onse ndi ma invertebrates omwe amakhala mu nazale. Kugwirizana ndizotheka ndi oyimira amitundu yawo, koma nthawi zina amapeza chibwenzicho ngati malo am'madzi ndi ochepa ndipo kulibe malo pobisalira. Kugwirizana ndikothekanso ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono zomwe sizidzadziwika ngati chakudya.
Onani momwe afteronotus amadya kuchokera m'manja mwa munthu.
Njira zoberekera
Mpeni wa nsomba umadziwika ndi kufooka kwa dimorphism. Komabe, kuweta ma aquariums akunyumba siofala kwambiri. Mapuloteni ateronotus amadziwitsidwa ku Indonesia chifukwa cha malonda. Pali okonda ena omwe amati mpeni wakuda udabereka ana.
Pofuna kuweta nsomba, aperonotus yoyera imafunikira madzi okwanira malita 100 okhala ndi magawo otsatirawa: kutentha 25-25 digiri Celsius, acidity 6.0-6.3 pH, kuuma kwa 5-6 dH. Wamphongo mmodzi wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Kufalikira kumalimbikitsidwa poyendetsa nyengo yamvula, kutentha kwamadzi kukatsitsidwa kapena kuwonjezeka. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 500, ikangotuluka, operekawo amawasinthira kumalo osungirako zinyalala wamba, ndipo mazirawo amasinthidwa ndi chofungatira, komwe kulibe magetsi komanso kuyatsa. Pambuyo pa maola 40-90, nthawi yomwe makulidwe adzatha, mwachangu adzawonekera. Madzi azikhala ndi mpweya wambiri, mutha kuwonjezera 1 gramu yamchere pa 1 lita imodzi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonzanso madzi pafupipafupi, theka la voliyumu yonse. Ndikofunika kuti mphutsi zitha kubisala. Chakudya choyamba cha mwachangu ndi zooplankton chosaya. Amakhala okhwima akafika zaka 1-1.5, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mwachangu samathyola mchira wa wina ndi mnzake, choncho malo okhala kwa aliyense amatsimikizira kuti angasunge bwino ana komanso kuteteza ana.
Omenyera nkhondo osadzimana,
Simungaphe kulimba mtima kwawo.
O, sakonda ma bastards okongola
Mpeni wathu wakuda wachitsulo wa Ural!
"Ziwanda izi zimamenya nkhondo ngakhale zili zovulala, zili ngati zotsika, zimapitilira ndipo sizingatheke kuwaletsa ..." - Umu ndi momwe asitikali a gulu lodzifunira la Ural adafotokozeredwa mu lipotilo kwa a General Staff.
Izi zinali choncho pomwe Amayi ndi ma call awo adamveka. Kupambana kwa magazi a Nkhondo ya Stalingrad kunakhala chida chachikulu kwambiri pa zofuna za anthu komanso kufunitsitsa kuthamangitsa mdani m'gawo lawo posachedwa. Mizinda yamatanki a Ural: Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Molotov dera adalembera a Chief Commander in Chief ndi pemphelo loti apange matupi apadera odzipereka.
Chisankho chinapangidwa, kupangidwa kwa gululi kunayamba. Kuposa anthu 15 omwe adatenga malo amodzi, adasankha zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo pamitengo panthawiyi antchito adatsalira pambuyo pa kusunthika, zida zankhondo, amatola akasinja, zipolopolo zakuthwa. Chifukwa chake pakuwonetsa chikondi ku dziko lakwawo mu 1943 Ural Volunteer Tank Corps anabadwa, yemwe pambuyo pake adalandira udindo wa Guards. Anali ndi zida zonse zothandizira anthu.
Mu chithunzi: gawo la tank "Black Knives", 1943.
Pambuyo pake, gawo lolimba mtima la thankiyo lolandilirali lidalandira dzina lina: Ajeremani adalipatsa, koma lidazika mizu. "Black Knife Division" (Schwarzmesser Panzer Div) - ndizomwe adani a akasitikali aku Soviet Union omwe amatenga mpanda wa Germany wina atangodziyitanitsa. Mpeni wokhala ndi chida chakuda chinali chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pazida za asitikali a mitembo. Poyamba, inali mtundu wa NR-40 Scout Knife, wopangidwa ndi Zlatoust Tool Plant kuyambira 1941.
Inali tsamba lalitali lakufulatira lachifinishi lokhala ndi tsamba limodzi ndi chida chamatabwa. Chikhalidwe cha mpeniwo chinali chitetezo chachikulu, choyenera kumenyera pafupi. Wosokosera wopindika ndi matabwa anali matte akuda. Pambuyo pake, mpeni wakuda unakhala wofanana ndi asitikali a mitembo yamtunduwu, adapatsidwa omenyera omwe amatenga lilime lawo kapena kudzipatula kunkhondo.
Pa chithunzichi: omenyera ufulu wa Ural Volunteer Tank Corps omwe adapatsidwa mphotho zankhondo ndi "mipeni yakuda", 1943.
Mutha kugula mpeni wakuda lero. Pali njira ziwiri. Ngati mukuyesetsadi, mutha kupeza mpeni weniweni wa Black tank yomwe idapangidwa mu 1943 pamisika yotsekedwa. Komabe, poyamba, mtengo wake umakhala woletsa - wosavuta! Kachiwiri, sizowona kuti iwo samakunyengani zabodza. Komabe, mutha kukhudza mbiri. Palinso njira yachiwiri yochitira izi: gulani chithunzi cha mpeni wa Black Knife mu malo ogulitsira osungirako zinthu.
Mu chithunzi: chithunzi cha "Black Knife" -, mpeni umapezeka kutiogulitsidwa.
Mu 2005, fakitale y zida za Zlatoust - wolowa m'malo mwa ZIK - idayamba kupanga zida zodziwika bwino.Mpeni wa 1943 unatengedwa, miyeso idatengedwa molondola kwambiri, chojambula chidapangidwa ndipo HP-40 idapangidwanso.
Mbiri ya Black Knives Division ndi nthano yachabe. Chopanda kulimba mtima kosayerekezeka ndi kukhumba kulikonse kuteteza dziko lawo ndi anthu awo kuti asadzudzulidwe. Zinthu zodziwika bwino ngati mpeni wakuda kwenikweni sizambiri. Ndipo tili onyadira kuti fakitale yankhondo ya Zlatoust imatipatsa mwayi wokhudza mbiri yabwino yankhondo ya dziko lathu.
Mwa mitundu yayikulu yamadzi am'madzi, imodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri ndi nsomba, yomwe imadziwika kuti "mpeni wakuda". Mwa boma, amatchedwa afteronotus, ndipo m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi dzina lake ndi "mzukwa wakuda." Othandizira am'madzi odziwa ntchito amabweretsa zodabwitsazi kuzimadzi zawo. Koma oyamba, mwina, ayenera kudziwa zambiri asanayambe kupeza izi: mpeni wakuda ndi nsomba, zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso maluso.
Kodi apteronotus amachokera kuti?
Nsomba zokongola zamtunduwu ndi kwawo ku South America, komwe adakumanapo ndi ntchito zaku Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia - kumtunda ndi pakati pa Amazon. Ndipo ku Paraguay mpeni wakuda umapezeka ku Dziwe, amasangalala ndi njira yofooka, yopanda chonde komanso zomera zam'madzi zambiri. Madzi am'malo oterewa ndi mitambo, maonekedwe ake ndi otsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, afteronotus samawona bwino, koma pali njira ina yoyendera - magetsi ofowoka amagetsi, gwero lake lomwe ndi mphete zoyera zophimba mchira. Mwachilengedwe, mpeni wakuda umawateteza kuti asagwidwe komanso kufunafuna chakudya. M'malo osambira, apteronotus adawoneka posachedwa kwambiri - pafupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo. Koma ndidakwanitsa kudzipezera mafani.
Mawonekedwe
Mnyumba "dziwe" nsomba za aquarium "wakuda bii" akhoza kukhala zokongoletsera zake. Zosalala, mawonekedwe ofewa komanso mayendedwe apulasitiki ngakhale mwa anthu omwe alibe chidwi ndi aquarium, nthawi yomweyo amakopa chidwi. Athertonotus amakula mpaka masentimita makumi asanu (pokhapokha, ali ndi malo okwanira). Kusakhalako kwa masikelo kumapereka chithunzi chakuti nsomba ndi velvet ndipo imapangitsa kuti utoto wake ukhale wakuzama komanso wofewa. Kumbuyo kwa nsomba kulibe, koma kansalu kamatambalala pamimba yonse. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, mpeni wakuda umatha kusambira mbali iliyonse yosankhidwa, kusintha kayendedwe kake ndi zipsepse za patisiti. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi pamene apertonotus imayandama kumbali yake. Ngati munthu asadakhalepo pali nsomba zina zokhazokha zomwe zimawonetsa kuti sizoyipa, munthu wam'madzi angaganize kuti china chake sichalakwika. Koma kwa mipeni, mtundu uwu wa kusambira ndimwambo wamba.
Tikhazikitsa kukhazikika kwatsopano
Ngati mutafunsa mpeni wakuda, kukonza kwake kumachitika bwino pokhapokha pamadzi akuluakulu, osapitirira 150 malita. Kusowa kwa malo sikungangomulola iye kukula momwe angathere, komanso kumachepetsa thanzi lake, kufooketsa chitetezo chake ndikumupangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Kutentha kuyenera kumakhalabe madigiri 23, pomwe kumatsitsa kuzowonetsa zosakwana 18, mukutsimikiziridwa kuti mutaya chiweto chanu - nsomba ndiyotentha, thermophilic. Gawo lachitatu la madzi amafunika kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse. Komanso, aquarium iyenera kukhala yolumikizira chowongolera ndi peat. "Landscape" imapangidwa ndi malo achitetezo ambiri: mpeni wakuda ndi cholengedwa usiku, umabisala masana, ndipo pakhale malo okwanira kuti izi zitheke. Ponena zowunikira, zimafunikira zowonjezera zam'madzi pamadzi, chifukwa ntchito ya apertonotus imangokhala usiku, ndipo masomphenyawo sawoneka bwino. Ndikofunika kusamalira chivundikiro cha galasi pamadzi: pali zochitika pamene mipeni yakuda idalumpha m'madzi.
Yemwe mungalole mwa oyandikana nawo
Mwakutero, mpeniwo ndi wakuda - nsombayo ndi yamtendere komanso osati yankhanza. Mphamvu zolimba zimachitika pakati pa amuna okhaokha amtunduwu pamikangano. Komabe, mukapatsidwa nyama yomwe imadya, ndibwino kuti musamakanize tinsomba tating'onoting'ono monga neon ndi guppies ku apertonotus: azidya. Kwa mipeni yayikulu yoyandikana nayo ndi yosayanjanitsika. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musalole nsomba zoyendayenda kwambiri - mwachitsanzo, ma barbs - mu aquarium yomweyo nawo. Athertonotuses ndi amanyazi, ndipo chifukwa choyenda kwambiri mozungulira kumatha kupanikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, oyandikana nawo oterowo amatha kubowola zipsepse zakuda za mpeni wakuda.
Ponena za thanzi
Popeza mpeni wakuda ulibe mamba, umakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ichthyophthyroidism. Chithandizo chake chimakhala chovuta chifukwa chakuti m'magulu okhaokha ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi zinc, chifukwa chake pogula mankhwala muyenera kuwerenga mosamala zomwe zikupezeka. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi:
- ma tubercles oyera oyera kuchokera hafu ya millimeter kupita m'modzi ndi theka mainchesi. Achilisitere amatcha semolina wotupa motere,
- zikulungika kapena kumangirana zipsepse - chizindikirocho chili chachiwiri, kuwonetsa kuti njirayo yapita patali. Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikiro choterechi chimadziwika ndi matenda ena,
- kutupa kwa thupi. Amawonedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ichthyophthyroidism m'mitundu yina ya nsomba nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mchere wamadzi mu aquarium. Koma mpeni wakuda umatha kufa chifukwa cha izi. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kusaka zogulitsa zilizonse. Komabe, adayesedwa ndi ambiri - ndizokwanira ndipo sizovulaza mbewu, sizimalepheretsa kusintha mafunde, kotero mutha kuwabweretsa molondola m'madzi a aquarium. Ndende yokhazikika yochizira ichthyophthyroidism ndi 0,09 mg / l. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa masikelo mu apertonotuses, iyenera kutsitsidwa ndi 0,04 mg / L. Cholembedwacho chimawonjezeredwa kumadzi tsiku lililonse, gawo lililonse lisanayambitse gawo limodzi la magawo anayi a madzi mu "dziwe", ndipo amachitidwa mpaka "semolina" atazimiririka patatha masiku awiri zitachitika.
Kubala mpeni wakuda
Afteronotus ndi nsomba yowoneka bwino. Kuberekera kunyumba ndizovuta kwambiri komanso sikuti kumachita bwino. Komabe, mutha kuyesa. Kuti muchite izi, awiri osankhidwa amayikidwa mu thanki yowaza ndi voliyumu ya malita 100, kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kolimba madigiri 25. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuwonjezera madzi oyera pang'ono - izi ndizotsalira zamvula. Kuphatikiza apo, perekani mtsinje wamadzi momwe caviar adayikidwira. Pamapeto pa kufalikira, makolo amachotsedwa pakubala. Pambuyo masiku 2-3, mwachangu kuwaswa. Nthawi yonseyi, muyenera kuyang'anira momwe zinthu ziliri m'madzimo ndikuchotsa mazira akufa.
Zinachitika kuti tsiku lobadwa lomwe linali kuyandikira limagwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwa ndalama inayake, yomwe sinali yoyipa kwambiri kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pambuyo poganiza, zinaganiza zogula mpeni ndi tsamba kuchokera ku S35VN. Mpeniwo udayang'aniridwa kuyambira kale, koma ndikulowa m'sitolo yomwe ndidamupeza ndipo m'malo mwa ngwazi yakuwunika lero idayilamula. Kuyesera kwachiwiri kunapangidwa patatha masiku awiri ndipo panthawiyi palibe chomwe chimandiletsa kuyitanitsa mpeni womwe unakopa chidwi changa. Chifukwa chake kukumana - "Mdima" kuchokera ku Green Thorn.
Popeza mpeniwo sindiwo kukula kwenikweni kwa ambuye aku China, nditatha kulamula ndidaganiza zofufuza zambiri za prototype.
Pafupifupi za choyambirira
Mpeni ndi ntchito yolumikizana ya Dmitry Sinkevich ndi Sergey Shirorogorov. Palibe zambiri zokhudzana ndi iye, kuweruza ndi mtundu wocheperako wa zidutswa zana. Ena amabwera ndi mapepala a kaboni, ena okhala ndi mapepala a G10. Potengera - gawo la mipeni idamasulidwa ndi ndalama, gawo - popanda.
Inde, zimatipatsanso zingapo za zoyambirira:
Tsamba kutalika 89 mm.
- tsamba kuchokera kwa ATS-34 (satin), ma pads ndi spacer kuchokera G10,
- tsamba kuchokera ku S30V (satin), ma pads ndi spacer kuchokera G10,
- tsamba kuchokera ku S90V (kugwa), kuyamwa kwa kaboni, mabonasi a titanium.
Amwalira kuchokera ku titaniyamu (wotenthetsedwa ndi kutentha), chidutswa cha titanium pamatoni.
Wogulitsayo alengeza izi:
Kutalika konse: 213 mm
Kutalika Kwala: 90 mm
Kutalika Kwatsekedwa: 123 mm
Kumera Kwaka: 4 mm
Lamba m'lifupi: 30mm
Maliza Blade: Kukukuta
Dongosolo: iwiri mzere wa ceramic mpira wothandizira
Kuuma: 59-60HRC
Kulemetsa kwa Net: 138g
Zida za Blade: S35VN (100% zoona S35VN, ikhoza kuyesedwa)
Katundu Wamatende: Carbon Fibre
Kulongedza: malaya apamwamba apadera a nayiloni
Mwambiri, magawo amayenera kukhala omwe awonetsedwa kapena pafupi nawo, kufalikira kocheperako kumatha chifukwa cha kusalondola kwa miyezo ndi kulakwitsa kwamalemera.
Pokhapokha ngati "ngale yapadera yamtundu wapamwamba" mwanjira ina imawoneka yapamwamba. Izi zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka ndi khungu la cheburashka yokumba yokhala ndi fungo labwino, lomwe limadulidwa kuchokera mkati. 
Zomwe zimakondwerezedwa zimafotokozedwa mwachidule. Osati 0.3 kumene, koma chonsechi ndikuganiza bwino. 
Ndiyenera kunena kuti chogwiriracho chiri chambiri. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimapangitsa kuti posungira ikhale kosavuta, ina - mthumba ndizosavuta.
Kutengera ndi zithunzi zomwe zikupezeka, ndiyenera kunena kuti aku China omwe adatchulidwa kwambiri "Mdima" mu mtundu wazithunzi.
Zokhazikika
Ma bonasi onse pakati pa zopangira zitsulo mu mpeni wachitsulo amakhala ndi makina. Satin pamphepete umakhala wodetsedwa mosavuta, pamutu pachokha chomwe chimalembedwa ndi kalasi yachitsulo S35VN. Chithunzicho ndi titaniyamu, matalala osalala, osakonzedwanso. Chimakhala chokwanira kwambiri mthumba, ngakhale mpeniwo sukubisa kwathunthu mthumba. Zomwe zimaperekedwa zimakhala ngakhale kutalika kwa tsamba, nsonga ndi yofanana. Tsamba limayimilira pakatikati, ndipo ngati nkhwangwa simatulutsidwa, tsamba limasunthira kulikonse, zomwe zimawonetsa mbali zoyenera za mpeniwu. Zabwino ndi zochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kocheperako komwe sikumasokoneza chitoliro cha mpeni. Pepa ndi lomveka, lolondola, koma mwanjira ina "youma", palibe kusungika monga "ulusi". Pazonse, kukhalapo kwa zojambulazo kumakhala bwino.
Dulani, fin ndi zina zambiri
Chogwirira cha mpeniyo ndi chopunthwitsa ndipo mpeniwo umakhala bwino m'manja, ngakhale kuti umawoneka mthumba chifukwa cha izi. Nkhope zonse zimakhala ndi cham'manja m'manja sizimagwera paliponse. Kanemayo sichikusokoneza konse. Mwambiri, ndimatha kuwerengera mawu am'munsi pakati pa "zabwino kwambiri" ndi "zabwino". Komabe, ndizotheka kuti mutsegule osagwiritsa ntchito chiphaso, koma ndizosavuta, ndipo ndi laling'ono mthumba lanu, kotero sizifikira 100% "zabwino".
Zithunzi zingapo za mpeni m'manja mwake
.
Kuti timasule mpeni, timafunikira toroli 8 ndi 6 ndi kiyi yowoneka bwino, yomwe ndidasinthiratu ndi batu lachitatu. Ndazindikira kuti choyambirira cha axial chinali Torx wamba. Ma bati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mpeniwo ali mu chithunzi.
Kuti mutumize mpeni, sikofunikira kuti muchithane kwathunthu, ndikokwanira kumasula omwe ndi axial. 
Maphalawo ndi chidutswacho amachichotsa pogwiritsa ntchito ma torxes 8, ma bontits a clipalayo ndi titanium kumapeto-kumapeto, amaphatikizidwa pakatipa, zomangira zomwe zidasungidwa ndizosungidwa m'ngalande.
Pa imodzi mwamapulogalamu, phukusi la chokoleti limatentha. 
Kapangidwe kakapangidwe kazing'onoting'ono sikowoneka kuchokera mkati, koma kwathunthu ndi mkati mwake amawoneka oyera. Poletsa kuti isagunde pa titaniyamu, chitsulo chachitsulo chimayima pakati pa cholowacho ndi chotengera, madzi omwe pomwepo amasankha. 
Makulidwe a liner
2 mm. 
Mukakumana, kuyeneranso kumathandizanso chidwi. Zosalakwika ndizocheperako ndipo ngati gawo lake silikhazikitsidwa molondola, ndiye kuti zokhazo sizingalowe. Izi zimawonekera kwambiri pamsonkhano wa axial komanso popanga chidacho m'malo mwake.
Ndidayamba kukonzekera zofunikira zowunikira pa mpeniwu nthawi yomweyo ndikuwunikiranso pa "kulandira", choncho adatenga nawo gawo pokonzekera kadzutsa womwewo.
Onse mkate ndi ham ali ndi masamba okwanira. 
Phwetekere imadulidwanso popanda mavuto, popanda kuyesa kuti kugwedeza khungu
Nkhaka imadulidwa popanda kuthyoka kapena kukhazikika, mosiyana ndi "lakuthwa"
Madyera amasankhidwa bwino. Ndipo nditadula amadyera, ndinazindikira kuti malembedwe a mpeniwu amandikumbutsa - zophimba zina zimabwera ndi tsamba lofanana kwambiri
Zowonadi, mbale yotsirizidwa siyofanana ndendende ndikubwereza "Pezani Zosavuta", ndizofanana :)
Koma popeza kuwunikaku kudalembedwa, nthawi iyi kudali kotheka kuyesa mpeni wamafuta kuchokera mufiriji - kuzungulira modekha komanso molimba mtima, ndi magawo a makulidwe ofunikira
Nyama yowotchera (nkhumba, nyama) imadula bwino. 
Ngakhale mlimi, yemwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito nyama, amakhalabe wabwino. 
Popeza ndafika panyanjayo, ndinasinthanso kakang'ono
Pa mphira wa thundu, ndinayesa mpeniwo nthawi yomweyo ngati "lakuthwa", koma nthawi imeneyi ndidatulutsa pine sliver. Sindinganene kuti zonsezi zimadulidwa mokalipa, koma molimba mtima komanso modekha. Sikutulutsa dzanja lako kulikonse. 
Popeza kunalibe nyuzipepala kapena pepala laofesi pafupi, ndinadula pepala kuti ndilembepo zomwe zinali zikupindidwa pakati. Chakuthwa ndi fakitale, mpeni nthawi yonseyo sunali wakuthwa osakonza. 
Pa gawo lathyathyathya, limadula mofatsa, poyambira - imayamba kugwetsa.
Mwambiri, nditha kunena za mpeni kuti umakondwera ndi makina ogwira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe oyenerera a magawo. Apanso, ma titanium liners ndi kukongoletsa kaboni zimapereka zina + ku chisangalalo cha umwini. Zomwe tsamba limayambira (chifukwa chosatha kuyang'anitsitsa) ndi nkhani ya chikhulupiriro kwa wopanga, koma GreenThorn imawoneka kuti ili ndi mbiri yabwino. Kukulitsa fakitale sikunakhale koyipa, koma kumakoka kuti muwongolere mpeniwu, ndipo, mbali inayi, ndikufuna kuyesa nayo, kumbali ina, mukaiwononga, kudzakhala ndi chisoni chachikulu :). Kodi ndizoyenera kuwononga $ 120 + pa mpeni uwu? Pokhapokha ngati ndikufunadi S35VN + titanium + kaboni (monga momwe ndimafunira, mwachitsanzo), chabwino, zikuwoneka kuti ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano amapatsidwa kuponi "$ 10 kuchokera $ 100" (Ndili ndi zowola zotere, ndimagwiritsa ntchito coupon ya $ 5 + yaying'ono kuchotsera pamalowo). Pansi pa wofunkha, zolumikizira ku mitundu ina ya momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndalama za Mdima, mwina mtsogolomo ndidzadzitenga ndendende ndi Glen.
Nsomba ya Knife kapena yoyera-apronotus ndi membala wa banja la aperonototic, wochokera ku madzi aku South America osasunthika. Nsomba ili ndi mayina angapo, mwa omwe "kalonga wakuda" ndi "mpeni wakuda" amatchuka. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe akuda akuda, palinso mipeni ingapo yowoneka kuchokera ku banja la a Notoper lotchedwa "Mpeni waku India", "mpeni wamaso" kapena "Ornata hitala". Nsomba imakhala ndi machitidwe amunthu payekha ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi anzeru kwambiri, monga ma cichlids, amatha kuzindikira mwini wake ndikusambira kuti adye. Nthano yokongola ya Native American imati mizimu ya asitikali omenyera nkhondo amakhala mwa nsomba.
Kufotokozera kwakunja
Mpeni wakuda wapakidwa utoto wabwino wakuda ndi kupukutira koyera kwa mchira ndi malo oyera ochepa pankhope. Maonekedwe a thupi ali ofanana ndi lanceolate, ophatikizika ndi zipsepse. Nsombayi ilibe dorsal fin, koma anal fin imadutsa mbali yotsika ya thupi ndikudutsa mosamalitsa. Kapangidwe kachilendo ka thupi kamatsimikizidwanso ndi komwe kumatseguka maliseche, omwe amakhala pafupi pakamwa. Wamphongo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi wamkazi ndi wen yozungulira kumbuyo kwa mutu, m'mimba lathyathyathya komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimatha kukula mpaka mita 1 ndikukhala ndi kulemera kwa 10 makilogalamu, koma pansi pamadzi a saiziyo kukula kwake sikupitirira 30 cm.
Nsomba yakuda ya Aquarium imatsogolera moyo wausiku ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi zachilendo zopanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yofikira 7 cm. Kupezeka kwa zolandilira zamagetsi zapadera kumalola mipeni kupeza zazing'ono kwambiri m'derali. Ngakhale kuti thupi lake ndi losasunthika, mpeni wa nsomba umatha kukhala wamphamvu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, molunjika kapena pogona kumbuyo kwake.
Mpeni wa ku India wopaka utoto wakuda, uli ndi thupi lokwera komanso chimbudzi kumbuyo. M'mphepete mwake muli mizere yamiyala yomwe imayatsidwa ndi malire oyera ngati mawonekedwe. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi dorsal fin yaying'ono, yofanana ndi nthenga za mbalame, chifukwa chomwe amatchedwanso "spinopers". Mpeni waku India umafika mpaka 50 cm, ukapolo, umafika zaka zitatu ndipo umakhala zaka 15.
Sabata lililonse, muyenera kusintha madzi kuti ayeretse ndikukhalanso, komanso kusungitsa kusefera koyenera. Ndikofunika kutenga fyuluta ya peat ndikukhazikitsa othandizira mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa matenda, mutha kukonzekeretsa ma aquarium ndi fyuluta yakunja yokhala ndi chosakanizira, chifukwa chakudya cha mapuloteni komanso zinyalala m'madzi zimatha kuyipitsa madzi. Mpeni wakuda umatengeka ndi matenda ichthyophthyroidism, munthawi yomwe kukonzekera kwa zinc sikumayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mpeni wa Hitala ndi woyenera akatswiri am'madzi odziwa ntchito zam'madzi, nsomba sizizolowera zinthu zatsopano, ndizovuta kulekerera mayendedwe ndi kusintha kwa magawo amadzi. Mitundu ya India imafunikira mpweya wam'mlengalenga, kotero imasambira pamwamba pamadzi kuti ipume mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi. Masana, nsomba zimatha kubisala m'nyumba, ndipo usiku zimayamba kugwira ntchito ndikusaka.
KUKHALA NDI MOYO
Msodzi wakuda mpeni adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Karl Line mu 1766. Amakhala ku South America, ku Amazon ndi m'milandu yake. White-apertonotus amatchedwanso mpeni wakuda, ndipo mu Chingerezi Black Ghost Knifefish ndi nsomba yakuda ya mzukwa.
Mwachilengedwe, limakhala m'malo okhala ndi kamphepo kochepa komanso pansi pamchenga, kusamukira munkhokwe zamadzi nthawi yamvula. Monga nsomba zambiri zamtundu wake, amakonda malo odzala ndi malo okhala. Ku Amazon, malo omwe ma aptronotus amakhala osawoneka bwino ndipo samawoneka bwino kwambiri. Kuti alipire kufooka kwa masomphenya, laimu yoyera imapanga gawo lamagetsi losazungulira, mothandizidwa ndi momwe limasunthira mayendedwe ndi zinthu. Mundawo umathandizira kusaka ndikuyenda, koma kuwonjezera apo, mothandizidwa ndi magetsi, apertonotus imalumikizana ndi mtundu wake. Malupanga akuda ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera usiku zomwe zimadyera mitsinje tizilombo, mphutsi, mphutsi, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Kodi nsomba za mpeni zimasamba bwanji?
Kucha kwa Atheronotus kumachitika wazaka chimodzi ndi theka. Izi nsomba zimasokoneza mtundu wa kubereka, momwe mkazi ndi amuna awiri amatenga nawo mbali. Kutulutsa kumachitika m'mawa pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imayikira mazira achikasu osachepera 500, kenako imathamangitsa anyamatawo. Mphutsi zimayamba kuonekera patatha masiku angapo, ndipo patatha masiku 5-6, nsomba zazing'ono zimatha kusambira payekha komanso kudya nyama ya plankton.
Ndani amatha kusungidwa mu aquarium yomweyo
Mpeni wa nsomba umadziwika ndi mtendere wambiri, umakhala wopanda chidwi kwenikweni ndi anthu okhala m'madzi. Samadya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga momwe ma zakuthambo amachitira, mwachitsanzo, samawononga zokolola ngati mitembo yokongoletsera. Ndizoyenera kukhala ndi kampani yokhala ndi nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimangodya zakudya zam'mera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena nsomba zam'nyanja. Chonde dziwani kuti anthu ochepa okhala m'madzimo, omwe akhoza kulakwitsa kuti adye, amatha kufa akasungidwa "dziwe" lomwelo ndi mipeni ya nsomba. Choyamba, timadzi tating'ono, tating'onoting'ono, komanso malupanga timavutika. Akakula, amakhala "abwenzi", chinthu chachikulu sikuti ndizokongoletsa "malupanga".
Angelo am'madzi, ma discus, ma clown ndi nsomba zina zofananira zimakhala zabwino kukhala "mipeni". Pakugawa kachulukidwe ka toyesa m'madzi momwe mungathere, ndibwino kulowetsa nsomba zomwe zimakhala mumtsinje wa madzi kwa iwo, ndikuyika mapaipi angapo apulasitiki osula. Amakwawa ndikukhala momasuka.
Omwe aliwonse ovuta
Kuphatikiza kwa mpeni wa nsomba ndi zakuthambo kuli pafupifupi zero. Zipsepse zawo zazitali komanso zosalimba zimangokwiyitsa azungu omwe amawadina. Sadzadyanso nsombazo, koma zimatha kuwononga kwambiri maonekedwe - zipsepazo zimapindika nthawi zonse. Izi zikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa barbs, zomwe zimakonda kutsina ndi zipsepse.
Ngati muli ndi mipeni ingapo yakuda mu aquarium, ndiye muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi malo awo ogona pakona yakuseri kwa aquarium. Amatha kulowa nawo nawo gawo lomenyera gawo. Pogona pawiri pazinthu ziwiri zimayambitsa zolimba, chifukwa chomwe nsomba imakhala ndi nkhawa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa nsomba imodzi yokha pa aquarium kapena osachepera 150 malita amadzi. Ndiko kuti, mu aquarium ya malita 450 osaposa "mipeni" itatu.
Kodi kudyetsa nsomba?
Nthawi zambiri nsomba zazikazi zimathamangitsa nsomba zazing'ono, crustaceans, tadpoles ndi mphutsi, koma koposa zonse amakonda chakudya chamoyo. Kuti akondweretse ziweto zawo, eniake nthawi zambiri amapeza mwachangu, tizilombo, squid, ndi mphutsi. Itha kuthandizidwanso ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka nyama, koma sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chakudya chopangidwa. Ndikofunika kudyetsa nsomba izi madzulo, isanayambe nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito.
Chithunzi chabwino nsomba yakuda mpeni
Kudyetsa ndi kudya: Ateronotus yoyera-yoyera imakhala yopanda kanthu ndipo, mwachilengedwe, imadyetsa makamaka mphutsi zamtundu ndi nsomba zina. Kunyumba, mwachizolowezi, palibe chosintha, amadya zonse zomwe zili ndi moyo ndi zokuzira - ma magazi, tinthu tambiri, osakana kudya nsombazi zokhala ndi squid ndi squid, ndipo sichingasowe mphindi yakudya ndi nsomba mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, samalani mukamaweta ziweto zanu zina za m'madzi, musasiye mwachangu m'mbali zonse za m'mizinda, chifukwa akapanda kutero azidzadya. Ndizosowa kwambiri kudya chakudya chouma ndi choloweza. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa mipeni yakuda musanayatse magetsi a aquarium, kapena mutangozimitsa kamodzi patsiku. Kudyetsa nsomba kwambiri kuopsa chifukwa cha matumbo a nsomba. Kulepheretsa kwamatumbo kumatha kupangitsa kuti afe, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musamamwe mopambanitsa kuposa kumwa mopitirira muyeso, ndipo mu aquarium yanu, mulimonsemo, ikapeza chakudya. Mukafuna chakudya, Afteronotus amayang'ana kwambiri zakusintha pamagetsi a electromagnetic okhazikitsidwa ndi ma receptors apadera omwe amakhala m'litali lathunthu la thupi.
Kudyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium ziyenera kukhala zolondola: zoyenera, zosiyanasiyana. Lamulo lofunikira ili ndiro chinsinsi chakusamalira bwino kwa nsomba iliyonse, kaya ikhale guppies kapena astronotuses. Nkhani "Zambiri komanso zochuluka bwanji zodyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium" imakamba izi mwatsatanetsatane, imafotokoza mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya komanso kayendedwe ka nsomba.
Munkhaniyi, tawona chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - kudyetsa nsomba sikuyenera kukhala koopsa, chakudya chouma komanso chamoyo sichiyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za zokonda za nsomba zomwe, ndipo, kutengera izi, zikuphatikiza muzakudya zake zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni ambiri kapena mosiyanasiyana ndi zosakaniza zamasamba.
Zakudya zotchuka komanso zotchuka za nsomba, kumene, ndizakudya zowuma. Mwachitsanzo, ora lililonse ndi kulikonse komwe mungapeze masamba azakudya zamakampani a Tetra - mtsogoleri wa msika waku Russia, kwenikweni kuvomerezedwa kwa chakudya cha kampaniyi ndizodabwitsa. "Zida za Tetra" za Tetra zimaphatikizapo chakudya cha mtundu wina wa nsomba: golide, ma cichlids, loricaria, guppies, labyrinths, arovans, discus, ndi zina zambiri. Tetra adapanganso zakudya zapadera, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera utoto, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kapena kudyetsa mwachangu. Zambiri pazakudya zonse za Tetra, mutha kupeza patsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo - Pano.
Dziwani kuti pogula zakudya zouma zilizonse, muyenera kuyang'anira tsiku lomwe zimapangidwa ndi moyo wa alumali, musayese kugula chakudya mwakulemera, komanso sungani chakudya m'malo otsekedwa - izi zingathandize kupewa kukula kwa zomera zam'mera mwake.
Mu chilengedwe khalani: Malupanga akuda amachokera ku South America, amakhala m'malo otumphuka, matope, opezeka kumtunda ndi pakati pa chigwa cha Amazon - Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia ndi Paraguay Parana. Kukula kwa nsomba kumafika mpaka 50 cm.
Kusamba ndi chikhalidwe cha nsomba zakuda mpeni: Ateronotus wokhala ndi maso oyera - nsombazo ndizovuta kutulutsa. Ana oyamba adapezeka ku Leningrad mu 1990. Imafika pa msinkhu wazaka 1-1.5. Makhalidwe ogonana amakhala kuti sanatsimikizidwe, chachikazi chimakhala chocheperako ndi pamimba kuzungulira, mwa amuna kupezeka kwa chulu chamafuta pamutu. Kukuluka ndikuthamanga ndi amuna ambiri, chifukwa amatenga madzi am'madzi okwanira malita 100. Mfuti kapena ulusi wopanga ndiwofunika ngati gawo lapansi. Kutumphuka kumakhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa madzi, kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa madzi osungunuka, kuyerekezera nthawi yamvula, kutentha kwamadzi ndi 25-26 ° C, kuyatsa sikuli bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa zopopera zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi ambiri, kutuluka kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'bandakucha. Madzi omwe ali mu chofungatira ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi mpweya. Yaikazi imameza pafupifupi 500 chikasu chachikulu, m'malo momata mazira. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, opanga amalimbikitsidwa kubzala, apo ayi mazira adzadyedwa, nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha mpaka maola 96. Fry amawoneka omwe amatha kusambira ndi kudya zooplankton. Ndikusamalira bwino komanso kudyetsa, ana aang ono amakula msanga ndipo pofika mwezi umodzi amafika masentimita 5 ndikuyamba kupanga mtundu ndi nsomba zazikulu.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Nsomba zakuda zamtunduwu ndi zamtendere ndipo zina zilibe chidwi ndi anthu ena okhala mdimbamo. Monga oyandikana nawo, omwe samadya nyama zam'madzi, nsomba zazikuluzikulu za herdivor zimakhala zabwino kwa iwo. Nsomba yaying'ono (mwachitsanzo, guppies kapena nsomba za neon) imatha kutenga mpeni pachakudya ndikuyamwa. Komabe, ndi anthu okhwima, amatha kukhala paubwenzi, kotero mwachangu sayenera kukhala wokhazikika kwa iwo. Monga kampani yabwino kwambiri ya mipeni yakuda, ma scalars, nsomba za Clown, ndi discus ndizoyenera.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Momwe mungadziwire jenda ya Proteus apteronotus? Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchita izi, chifukwa machitidwe awo ogonana sakusonyezedwa. Komabe, zazikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono kuposa zazimuna. Komanso yachiwiri imakhala ndi cheni chamafuta pamutu pake.
Matenda
Kugula chiweto chamadzi oyera - mpeni wakuda, eni mtsogolo ali ndi nkhawa ndi funso loti akukhala ndi ndalama zingati. Ngati nsombazo zimapereka chisamaliro chabwino, nthawi yabwino yosungirako, zitha kukhala ndi zaka 12.
Komabe, popeza nsomba ya mpeni ilibe mamba, imatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana kuposa nsomba zina zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi. Kwenikweni, mpeni wa nsomba ukudwala ndi ichthyophthyroidism. Izi zimadziwoneka ngati mitundu yazizindikiro:
- mawonekedwe amtundu woyera, wowonda pang'ono, wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 0,5-1,5 mm, chotupa ichi amatchedwanso semolina,
- zipsepse kapena zopendekera pang'ono, chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuti matendawa amakula nthawi imodzi yomaliza. Komabe, ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ena,
- Thupi lotupa limakhalanso chizindikiro cha matenda ambiri.
Pofuna kuthandiza nsomba kuti ichoke, mchere wocheperako uyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi am'madzi, kapena nsomba yodwala iyikidwe m'madzi ndi mchere wambiri. Chofunikira sichikuyenera kuledzera, chifukwa mchere wambiri ungayambitse kufa kwa nsomba. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiritsa nsomba. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nsomba za mpeni zimakhala ndi tsankho la zinc, zomwe zimapezeka m'mankhwala ambiri. Chifukwa chake, pogula mankhwala, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala mawonekedwe. Afteronotus amatha kuchira msanga mukadwala, ndikofunikira kuti muthandizire iwo mwa zamankhwala.
"Malachite obiriwira" amathandizanso ndi matendawa, omwe amawoneka kuti ndi osavulaza ku chomera chamadzimadzi ndi anthu okhalamo. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa motere: 0.09 mg pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi. Malangizo oterowo ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi tsiku lililonse, asanapangitse 25% ya madzi onse m'malo mwake. Chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka ichthyophthyroidism ichiritsidwa, ndikatha kuchira masiku ena awiri.
