Adelie ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya penguin. Anthu opitilira 4,700,000 amakhala m'mphepete mwa Antarctica ndi zilumba zomwe zili kufupi ndi nyanja. Kuyambitsa mfundo zosangalatsa za ma penguin a Adelie.
Dzina lokongola la mbalameyi lidayamba kudziwika ndi dzina la mkazi wa Jules Dumont-Durville - wofufuzira komanso woyendetsa ndege wa ku France. Mu 1840, iye ndi gulu lake anapeza ku Antarctica gawo la dzikolo, lomwe linadziwikanso kuti Adele. Apa, ofufuza adapeza gulu la penguin lomwe silikudziwika kale. Dzinali ladziwika chifukwa cha dzina lachi Latin - Pygoscelis adeliae.
Adele ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ma penguin ena akuda ndi oyera. Makulidwe awo ndiocheperako pang'ono: Kukula mpaka masentimita 70, kulemera - 6 kilogalamu. Koma gawo lalikulu la Adele ndi zoyera kuzungulira m'maso mwake ndi mulomo wawung'ono wokoma.
Ndiwo mtundu uwu womwe udakhala mtundu wa otchulidwa kwambiri mu katuni zaku Soviet ndi Japan zokhudzana ndi ma penguin, mwachitsanzo, "The Adventures of Lolo Penguin" (1987), "Make Feet" (2006) ndi magawo angapo a "Madagascar".
Mbalamezi sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi zopanda pake kapena zopusa: panthawi yoyenera iwowonetsa mawonekedwe awo, kumenya nkhondo mosavuta ndi mdani, kuteteza gawo, abale kapena banja ku ngozi. Komanso, ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo aku Antarctica, ali ndi ubale wodalirika. Anthu ena achidwi amatha kufikira anthu okhala pafupi kwambiri.
Ma penguin amtunduwu amapeza wokwatirana moyo. Chaka ndi chaka, okwatirana amakumana ku malo awo okhalapo okalamba, kukonza zisa.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri ndi masiku asanu. Mtsogolo, malingaliro a makolo kwa ana awiri amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwawo: mwana wankhuku wamkulu ndiye woyamba kufufuza dziko mozungulira ndikupita kunyanja kukawedza, pomwe wocheperako amakhala kunyumba.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, Adeles amakhala munyanja, kusamuka m'malo omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala makilomita 600-700. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikupuma mokwanira, kunenepa komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu patsogolo pa mseu waukulu wopita pansi.
- Kusambira Kwambiri
Popeza ma penguins amatha nthawi yayitali m'madzi, ali ndi mapiko amphamvu ndi miyendo yayikulu yolumikizana yomwe imawathandiza kuti azitha kulowera kwinakwake komanso kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 20 pa ola limodzi. Ngati chilombo chikuthamangitsa Adele, ndiye kuti kuthamanga kwa mbalameyo kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi.
Pamtunda, ma penguin amawoneka osasangalatsa. Mu ola limodzi amatha kuthana ndi ma 4-5 km okha, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Adeles amayenda, kuthamanga ndi kusayenda, ngakhale chifukwa chachilendo pakupanga thupi, chomaliza chimapatsidwa kwa iwo mosavuta. Ma penguu amagona pamimba yawo ndipo amasinthidwa ndi miyendo yawo, mothandizidwa ndi osewerera.
Nthawi yochezera ya Adele imadutsanso modabwitsa. Amatola miyala mwachangu - zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimapezeka kuti zimangidwe.
Ma penguins amateteza nkhokwe yawo ndikuisiyanitsa ndi ena masauzande pazaka zambiri. Komanso, kutengera zaka, Adele amatulutsa zisa zamtundu wosiyanasiyana: ena amakhala ndi miyala ingapo, ena ali ndi miyala yambiri yokutidwa bwino bwino ngati mbale. Chaka chilichonse penguin wachinyamata amasinthitsa chisa chake, ndikupangitsa kuti chikhale chachitali komanso chosangalatsa.
Ngati mbalame zina ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimasinthana chisa china kwa maola angapo - kupeza chakudya kapena kupumula, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa Adele kumatha milungu ingapo. Mukamagona, njirayo imakhala yopanda chakudya kwa mwezi umodzi, kenako yamphongoyo imakhazikika pamazira ndi kutulutsa mayiyo kunyanja kwa milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pobwerera kwake, awiriwo amasinthanso malo mpaka anapiye ndi kubadwa.
Anapiyewo akayamba kukula ndikufika milungu inayi, makolo onsewo amapita kunyanja. Ana amapezeka m'magulu a anthu 10-20, omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi achikulire omwe atsala. Pobwerera, makolo amazindikira anapiye awo mosavuta ndikugawana nawo chakudya. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu, "nazale" zimasweka, ndipo achichepere amaphunzira kuwedza okha.
Ma penguins a Adelie saopsezedwa ndi hypothermia ngakhale masiku ovuta, kutentha kwa mpweya kukafika - 60 madigiri. Mafuta awo osunthika amakhala ndi zinthu zotentha, ndipo nthenga zimadzaza ndi mafuta osapanda madzi. Chitetezo chotere chikakhala chothandiza kwambiri komanso thupi likagunda, mbalame zimakweza mapiko awo kuti zizizirira pang'ono.
Tsiku limodzi, penguin imodzi ya Adélie imadya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri a krill ndi nsomba zazing'ono pafupifupi. Ndikosavuta kuwerengera kuti chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu tsiku lililonse chimadya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 9 miliyoni a nsomba zam'nyanja. Ndalamayi ikufanana ndi ma roboti asodzi olemedwa 70.
- Zokhudza tsogolo la Adelie penguins
Kumbuyoku kumayambiriro kwa 2000s, asayansi adayamba kuwomba alarm: kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudza kwambiri mikhalidwe ya moyo wa penguin. M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Antarctica, ma fomu ochulukirapo a ayezi ndi madzi oundana, ndichifukwa chake njira yodutsa zisa ikula. Kafukufuku wa 2002 adawonetsa kuti nthawi imeneyo, mbalame zidali zitayamba kale kuthera nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yoyenda. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino, Adele amatha kubereka nthawi yokhazikika. Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana kukupitilira, kukhudza chiwerengero chambiri. Patatha zaka makumi angapo, imodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri ku Antarctica ili pachiwopsezo cholowa mu masamba a Red Book.
