Gulu lankhondo lamiyendo isanu ndi inayi, lomangidwa m'chigoba cha mafupa, likuwoneka ngati chozizwitsa cha dinosaur yokongola yomwe ilipobe mpaka pano kuposa nyama yamakono. Komabe, akusintha bwino kwambiri pamikhalidwe yatsopano kotero kuti m'malo ena amakhala woyandikana ndi munthu.

Armadillos ndi zolengedwa zamakono zomwe chilengedwe chimapereka njira zodzitchinjiriza - chiwonetsero cha mafupa. Mapeto ake, ali ngati akamba kapena nkhanu, ndipo zingaoneke. komanso zopanda chidwi. Pakadali pano nkhondo zankhondo zisanu ndi zinayi zakukhazikika m'malo atsopano kotero kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa zikukula mopitilira, ndikuwasintha mawonekedwe omwewo - akatswiri osamalira zinyama awona mawonekedwe apadera asanu ndi amodzi a chilombochi. Ma armadillos onse amakhala ku America, koma malamba asanu ndi anayi okha ndi omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku Kansas, Missouri ndi Texas (USA) kumpoto kupita ku Uruguay kumwera.

Mafupa a chipolopolo

Khungu la mwana wobadwa kumene limakhala lofewa ngati la mwana wa ma bulos, koma pakatha sabata limawuma, kutengera mawonekedwe a mafupa owopsa. Munkhondo yolimbana ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi, mafutawa amateteza thupi lonse, ndikupanga kumbuyo kwawo kukhala mawonekedwe a 8-9 malamba, ogwedezeka ndi manja ndi zishazi zachifuwa. Mutu umakutidwa ndi zishango zazing'onoting'ono, ndipo mchira umaperekedwa, ndipo m'mimba pokhapokha mulibe chitetezo chilichonse. Kuti abise cholakwika ichi, mitundu ina, pakuwopseza pang'ono, imakulungidwa mu mpira wolimba mwamphamvu, ndipo chomenyeracho chamiyendo yamiyendo isanu ndi inayi imangoyenda pansi, chitagwira miyendo yake.

Zida zamphamvu zimateteza bwino kwa adani, koma ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo m'madzi zimakoka pansi mpaka pansi. Pofuna kuti isamire, nkhondoyo imameza mpweya, ndikuidzaza ndi m'mimba ndi matumbo. "Chipilalachi" chokhala ndi moyo cholocha chimathandiza kuti chilombochi chizungulirazungulira ndikukhalanso ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Masana, armadillos onse amagona, ndipo usiku amapita kukadyetsa. Zakudya zamitundu yambiri zimakhala ndi nyerere ndi chiswe, koma nkhondo yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi imayambiranso ndi tizilombo, zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi zokwawa, mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye, zipatso, mizu yowoneka bwino, bowa komanso zovunda. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kutukuka kwa mitunduyi, chifukwa zida zankhondo zimadzipeza ngakhale komwe kuli nyerere ndi chiswe zochepa.

13.11.2012

Dzanja la miyendo isanu ndi inayi (lat. Dasypus novemcinctus) ndi la banja la armadillos (lat. Cingulata) kuchokera ku dongosolo la Teeth (Xenarthra). Nyamayi imakhala ku South ndi Central America, komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa North America.

Zombo zankhondo zokhala ndi talente yachilendo yokhala malo abwino pafupifupi kulikonse, zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo otentha, nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso m'mapiri okwera mpaka 3000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Mafuko a Amwenye akhala akuwadya ngati chakudya chabwino.

Kum'mwera kwa USA, zida zamanja zimagwidwa ndikupanga zigawo zingapo kuchokera ku zipolopolo zawo komanso kuchita nawo mpikisano, pomwe otchova njuga amapanga ndalama zambiri kwambiri. Kutchuka kwa nyamayi ndikokulira kwakuti idakhala chizindikiro cha dziko la Texas.

Khalidwe

M'malo otentha, nkhono zimakhazikika pansi panthaka yokhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso lonyowa. Madera omwe ali ndi dothi lamchenga amatha kuwuma, koma nthawi zonse ndi dongo lonyowa komanso lolimbikitsa. Nkhondo zomwe zidasefukira ndi madzi osefukira pansi zimapewedwa.

Amamva bwino kwambiri kutentha kozungulira kuyambira 20 ° C mpaka 25 ° C. Pamatenthedwe, nkhondoyi imadzitenthetsa, ikudzipendekera ku mpira ndikunjenjemera ndi minofu yake yonse, ndipo imazizira ndikutentha, ikupuma ndi pakamwa pake potseguka. Dera lokhalamo nyama imodzi ndi mahekitala angapo.

Nyama izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchereza kwawo ndipo zimaloleza abale awo kuti azungulire malo awo. Chosiyana ndi chisa chokha, chomwe nkhondo imateteza mwamphamvu kwa amuna kapena akazi anzawo, komabe, oimira anzawo mosiyana nthawi zonse amakhala osangalala. Nthawi zambiri amakonzera chisa m'nkhokwe zowirira kapena pansi pa dzenje.

Chipilala chotalika pafupifupi 18 cm kuchokera pa khomo lopita kuchipinda chochezera. Khomo limabisidwa mosamala kwa maso odulira pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu kapena mizu yamitengo ndi zitsamba.

Pokonzekera zodabwitsa zamtundu uliwonse, nyamayi imamanga malo ena osungirako. Nthawi yotentha, amasiya kabowo usiku, ndipo nthawi yozizira amayenda ngakhale tsiku lowala.

Nkhondo imakhala yodziwira fungo labwino, ndipo kununkhira nyama, nthawi yomweyo imayesera kufikira pansi pake. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi tizilombo komanso nkhono zosiyanasiyana. Chakudya chofunikira sikokwanira, chimapita kwa achule, abuluzi ndi mazira a mbalame, kuluma ziweto ndi zipatso, bowa ndi mbewu za conifers. Kenako, nkhondoyi imasakidwa ndi miyala ya m'madzi, lynxes, jaguars, ocelots ndi zimbalangondo zakuda.

Pangozi pang'ono, mabatani omenyanawo amakhala ndi miyendo 9 mpaka kumapeto kwa dzenje lopulumutsa. Atafika kudzenje, amapindika ndi mpira wopulumutsa, ndikuphimba khomo ndi chipolopolo.

Mukachedwa, nyama yathamanga mwachangu imayamba kulira kwambiri. Pomwe nyamayi ikulingalira zomwe zikutanthauza, dzanja lanzeru, litagwira nthawi yabwino, imathawa.

Imalekerera mosavuta zomwe zili ndi mpweya wabwino m'magazi, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zisunthire mwamphamvu ndikusowa kwa mpweya, mwachitsanzo, pakukula mabowo ndikugunda zotchinga madzi. Ngakhale kuti ndewuyo imasambira mwangwiro, kuthawa adani, imakonda kuthawa pansi pa tsambalo.

Kuswana

Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba ndikutayamba kwa chilimwe. Amuna ananyamuka kukakumana ndi dona wamtima wawo, akumalimbana mwamphamvu ndi ochita nawo mpikisano m'njira. Adaniwo amalumikizana kwambiri ndipo amapweteka kwambiri. Zofooka zimapereka njira, ndipo champhamvu imapitilirabe njira yake yovuta.

Mimbulu yomwe ili m'thupi la mkazi imayamba kukula kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Dzira limagawidwa m'mimba 4 zofanana, ndipo pakatha masiku 120 okhala ndi pakati amapasa anayi amuna ndi akazi amabadwa. Kubala mwana kumachitika dzenje lomwe lili ndi udzu wouma. Mwana aliyense wakhanda amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 65 ndipo amakula bwino.

Pakangopita maola ochepa atabadwa, ana amphongo amayamba kuyenda pawokha.

Amayi amawadyetsa iwo mkaka mpaka miyezi inayi. Khungu la armadillos la achinyamata silikhala ndi pigmentation, ndipo chipolopolo chawo cha pinki poyamba sichofewa. M'malo a mano 28 amkaka, 32 mano okhazikika ndi ofanana kwathunthu amatuluka kuchokera mwa iwo.

Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, achinyamata amafika pakukula kwa nyama zazikulu. Kwa milungu ingapo, mapasawo amamatira limodzi, kenako aliyense amapita kukasaka malo ake. Ma armadillos okhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi amakhala okhwima pakufika zaka 2, koma pitilizani kukula mpaka zaka 3-4.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi 24-57 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi 12-48 cm. Kumbuyo ndi mbali ndizotetezedwa ndi chikhazikitso cholimba cha zikopa za mafupa. Zingwe zokulira, zomwe gulu lanyumbayo limapangidwa, zimakhazikika limodzi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo m'mbale, ndipo mkati mwa thupilo mumakhala malamba osunthika omwe amalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zamkono zotanuka.

Thupi lonse, kuphatikiza chipolopolo, chimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba komanso lopota. Kutsogolo kwa mutu wocheperako komanso wautali kumaphimbidwanso ndi scute fupa. Ma auricles akulu ndi amdima. Mchira wautali wokutidwa ndi mamba womata.

Miyendo ndiyifupi komanso yolimba kwambiri, yosinthika ndi kukumba pansi. Zala zisanu kumiyendo yakumbuyo, ndi zinayi pamatsogolo. Zala zonse zili ndi zikhadabo zolimba.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa gulu lankhondo lamiyendo naini lili pafupi zaka 12 mpaka 15.

Kukongoletsa usiku

Kupita kukawedza mumdima wausiku, nkhondoyi imadalira luso lake ndikuchepetsa masitepe ang'onoang'ono m'nkhalangomo ndi mutu wake, ndikuyima panjira iliyonse kuti ikumbe chinthu chosangalatsa. Atazindikira kuti ali ndi moyo, amayamba kukumba pansi mwamphamvu ndi mawondo ake akutsogolo, osayiwala kutseka mphuno zake kuti asaziphimbe ndikusunga fungo la nyama. Chilombochi chimakumba pansi mwamphamvu pokumba pansi ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndikupumula mchira wowala.

Kummwera chakumapeto kwa nkhondoyi, ndewu zamphongo zisanu ndi zinayi zimadyera kwambiri nyerere ndi chiswe, zikuphwanya misomali ndi zikhadabo zake ndikuyambitsa lilime lalitali kukhala zidutswa zopendekera. Kukhala ndi chilimbikitso chathanzi, chilombocho chimadya tizilomboti tambiri masauzande mu umodzi ndipo chimatha kupeweratu kachidutswa kakang'ono. Mbawala yamphongo imachita zinthu mochenjera kwambiri - imalimbikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mlatho uliwonse, kupatsa mwayi mwayi woti achire komanso kudzipezera chakudya cham'tsogolo.

Kutacha, gulu lankhondo limaleka kusaka ndikupuma kuti lipumule mu dzenjelo. Pakati pamalire a malo ake osaka, chilombocho chimamanga nyumba 12 mobisika ndikugona pabedi lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri pomwe lidakumana ndi m'bandakucha. Kuyendayenda usiku kuchokera ku chiwembu mpaka pamlingo, mwiniwake amagwiritsa ntchito zofunda zonse, ndipo ngati pakuwoneka zoopsa, amatha kulowa mumalo oyambira omwe amapezeka.

Misewu yapansi panthaka

Mizere ya Armadillo ndi yopapatiza pansi panthaka. Pakuya kwa mita 2, mwini wake wolimbikira amakumba dongosolo losavuta lodutsa ndimautali pafupifupi 5. Ndipo dzenje lirilonse limakhala ndi zipinda ziwiri komanso zipinda zogona 1-2 zokhala ndi udzu wouma ndi masamba. Kulowera kuchipinda, omenyerawo amatha chitseko ndi udzu ndikukhalamo mpumulo mpaka patatsala pang'ono kucha.

Nthawi zina oyimilira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala mgodi mwamtendere, koma nkhondo zokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi nthawi zambiri sizikondera oyandikana nawo komanso kuteteza ziwembu zawo. Akazi makamaka grumpy. Nyani zazimuna zimasaka madera ambiri, zikugwirizana ndi madera a akazi angapo. Malire amtundu amalembedwa ndi kutulutsa kwazinthu zonunkhira pazizindikiro za paws. Atakhumudwa pa fungo lachilendo, omenyanawo amabwerera cham'mbuyo - pokhapokha, atanganidwa kufunafuna bwenzi.

Atatu-Belt Armadillo Habitat

Ndiwokhala moona wokhala m'nkhalango ndi zitsamba za kumpoto kwa Argentina, Mexico ndi Western Andes. Mabowo ake nthawi zonse amakhala m'mphepete mwa dziwe, pafupi ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Dzenje limatha kukhala lalitali mamita 7. Pamapeto pa ngalandeyo pali chisa chomwe chagona ndi udzu wouma ndi masamba. Nyama imasinthiratu zinyalala - imataya yakaleyo, choncho nthawi zambiri pamakhala masamba. Mu nyengo yotentha, nkhondoyo siyikhala m'malo ake. Madzulo okha pomwe amatuluka nkupumira mphuno yake, ngakhale akuya masentimita 20, amamva fungo - mphutsi ndi nsikidzi.

Fupa la yunifomu ya nyama

Akangobadwa kumene, khungu la mkono wocheperako limakhalabe lofewa. Koma patatha sabata limodzi, imayamba kuumitsa ndikuphimba thupi la nyamayo, ngati chipolopolo cha mafupa a keratinized. Chodabwitsa cha nkhondo zamiyendo isanu ndi inayi ndikuti kumbuyo kwake mawonekedwe amaumbidwa ndi malamba 9, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi zikopa za mapewa ndi pelvis. Pamutu ndi mchira palinso mbale zotere, koma pamimba satetezedwa ndi chilichonse, ndiye "chidendene cha Achilles" cha nkhondo. Tsoka ilo, mtunduwu, mosiyana ndi ena, suubisa cholakwika ichi, ndikupinda mu mpira wokhala ndi mkono. Amakankhira pamimba pake pansi, nikizitsa mawondo ake, motero amakhala ovuta kuwapeza.

Mu chithunzichi, mikanda isanu ndi inayi yowoneka bwino, yomwe idapatsa dzinalo

Mawonekedwe odabwitsa a armadillo

Nkhondo yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi inayi imadziwika kuti ndi yofala kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya mabanja "onyamula zida." Zida zamphamvu, ngakhale zimatha kuteteza mwini wake kwa adani, koma ndi zolemera kwambiri, motero zimakokera mkono pansi kumadzi. Mwamwayi, nyamayo imameza mpweya, womwe umadzaza m'mimba mwake ndi matumbo ake. Chifukwa cha "kuwira kwa mpweya" uwu, nyamayo imasunthika mokwanira komanso imapuma kwanthawi yayitali ikukhala pansi pa madzi.

Kodi nkhondo ya miyendo isanu ndi inayi imadya chiyani?

Masana, armadillos onse amagona, koma usiku amafunafuna chakudya. Nkhondo zomanga lamba zisanu ndi zinayi zimadya nyerere, chiswe, tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zakudya zake mumakhala nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono, komanso zokwawa, mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye, ndi zipatso, komanso mizu yaiwisi, bowa komanso carrion. Inde, chifukwa zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, mitunduyi imakula m'derali.