Chekhon m'mawonekedwe sangasokonezeke ndi wina aliyense. Kwa maonekedwe ake oyamba Chekhon adalandira mayina ambiri - hering'i, woyeretsa, wowononga, kutchetcha ndi ena. Chekhon ndi nsomba yokoma. Amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi okonda nyama yamafuta komanso yanthete. Nthawi zambiri chekhon amadya owuma, mchere komanso kusuta. Komabe, m'malo ambiri omwe amakhala, kuwedza kwa Chekhon kuli koletsedwa ndipo kumatetezedwa ndi chilengedwe, chifukwa chifukwa chambiri chosodza, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kunayamba kuchepa kwambiri.
Kufotokozera
Chekhon ali ndi thupi lalitali, lologozedwa m'mbali, kumbuyo ndi mtundu wake wobiriwira komanso m'mimba mwa mthunzi wopepuka. Mphesa zamkati mwa nsomba zimachita imvi ndipo zipsepa zake zamaso zimatha chikasu. Chekhon ali ndi thupi lopukusika, pambuyo pake loponderezedwa, kumbuyo, kugwedezeka kwam'mimba, nsagwada yam'munsi mwadzidzidzi imagwada. Msana wake ndi woderako, mmbali ndi m'mimba mwake ndi zoyera-zasiliva, ziphuphu ndi mafinya amphazi, imvi, otsikirako amakhala ndi lingwe lofiira, maso ndi akulu, siliva. Chekhon amasiyana m'mipini ya pectoral, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi chekhon palokha.
Kugawa ndi malo
Malo okhala nsomba ndiwokwanira. Nsomba zam'nyanja ndi njira yocheperako ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi oyera, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Komabe, imatha kukhala munyanja nthawi iliyonse yamchere. Nyanja zam'nyanja zimaphatikizapo nyanja zam'nyanja: Baltic, Caspian, Black ndi Aral. Amakhala m'matupi amadzi oyera a ku Asia ndi Europe ku maiko - Russia, Germany, Poland, Finland, Sweden, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Austria ndi ena. Pakati pa mitsinje, momwe muli Chekhony yambiri, wina amatha kusiyanitsa Dniester, Dnieper, Don, Western Dvina, Bug, Danube, Kuban, Kura, Ural, Terek, Volga, Neva, Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya komanso mitsinje ina. Chekhon ambiri mwa nyanja - Ladoga, Onega, Ilmen, Sarykamash, Kelifskie Lakes. Amakhalanso m'malo osungirako. Pakati pawo pali malo osungirako a Khauzhan.
M'madera ena Chekhon ali ndi udindo wokhala ndi nsomba zotetezedwa, ndipo kuwedza ndizoletsedwa kapena kulamulidwa mwamphamvu ndi akuluakulu aboma. Mwa madera oterowo, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Dnieper, womwe ndi Dera la Bryansk, Mtsinje wa North Donets ndi Nyanja ya Chelkar. Chekhon amatchulidwa kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi m'malo awa.
Zakudya zazikulu za nsomba ndi tizilombo, nyongolotsi, caviar ndi mwachangu amitundu ina yaying'ono.
Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zam'madzi, palinso Chekhon wamadzi oyera, omwe amakhala m'malo osungirako oyera kumpoto kwa Russia (m'mitsinje yachangu, m'malo osungira ndi nyanja).
Zaka komanso kukula
Mukakula, nsomba izi zimafika kutalika kwa 60 cm ndipo zimalemera mpaka 1.5 kg (nthawi zambiri 400-600 g). M'chaka chachitatu kapena chachisanu cha moyo, mutakhwima kwathunthu, nsomba zimasambira kuyambira Meyi mpaka June m'madzi ndi kutentha kwama 20 degrees. Mazira alibe mawonekedwe osamatira ndipo amayandama momasuka m'madzi. Chekhon mwachangu amadyetsa makamaka pa zooplankton, komanso tizilombo touluka ndi mphutsi zawo.
Chekhon amafikira kutha msinkhu pafupifupi zaka 3-4. Kumagawo akum'mwera, nsomba zimakhwima pang'onopang'ono - zaka 2-3, ndi zigawo zakumpoto, m'malo mwake - zaka 4-5. Kutalika kwa thupi la Chekhon wokhwima pakugonana ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Komanso, kutengera ndi malowa, pali kusiyana pakutulutsa nthawi komanso njira pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake kumadera akumwera, kutulutsa kumachitika kale, mozungulira Epulo - Meyi, ndipo mbalame zimagawika m'magawo awiri. Ndipo zigawo zakumpoto, kuphukira kumachitika mu Meyi-Juni ndipo caviar imasesedwa nthawi. Koma kufanana komwe kulipo. Kutentha kwapakati pa madzi osungirako mkati mwa kuwaza kumayenera kufikira kutentha 15 degrees. Chekhon amapeza malo omwe amawaza ndi malo ocheperako komanso akuya pafupifupi 1.5-6 metres.
Chekhon nthawi zambiri samapitirira 20-30 cm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 150-200 g. Ndipo ochepa okha ndi omwe amatha mpaka 50cm ndipo amalemera 800-900 g.
Njira yoponyera caviar ndi chete. Caviar wozungulira amakhala ndi chipolopolo chomata komanso mainchesi 1.5 mamilimita ndipo amakhala pansi. Pambuyo umuna, caviar imatupa ndikuwonjezeka. Tsopano mainchesi ake ndi mamilimita 3-4. Chonde cha mkazi m'modzi ndimazira 30-150 mazira, kutengera zaka, kukula kwa chikazi ndi malo omwe nkhwala imakhalamo. Mazira amadzuka m'masiku 2-4, kutengera kutentha kwake, ndiye kuti madzi mu dziwe. Mphutsi zatsopano za sabrefish zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa mamilimita 5, koma zimakula msanga ndikukula ndikuyamba kudya zipatso zawo. Ndipo akafika zaka khumi, amasintha kupita ku plankton ndikudya zokha. Mpaka kutha, achinyamata a sabrefish amakula mwachangu, kenako ndikukula ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Asanakhazikike, amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zochepa amangodya pang'ono, koma atawonda amayamba kudya kwambiri. Chakudya chimapezeka m'mawa komanso nthawi ya masana, koma makamaka anjala amatha kusaka komanso usiku.
Moyo
Chekhon amaphatikiza zakudya ndi nyama zomwe zimadya. Muubwana, nsomba zimakonda kudya ku zooplankton ndi phytoplankton, ndipo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi, mphutsi ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala gwero lalikulu la chakudya chake. Kwa tizilombo totentha, Chekhon adalumphira m'madzi ndikuwagwira pa ntchentche. Kwa nsomba zazing'ono komanso zopanda nzeru za Chekhon zimasaka motere. Nthawi zambiri amasambira limodzi ndi womzunza wakeyo pagulu, kenako ndikusunthasuntha kolimba ndikugwera pansi. Pakapita kanthawi, chekhon amapezekanso m'gululo ndipo amayamba kufunafuna wina. Chekhon palokha ndi nsomba yamoyo komanso yosachita mantha, ikuukila nyama yake mwachangu komanso mwachidwi. Ndi mawonekedwe omwewo, sabrefish imagwera pa mbewa, motero kuluma kwa sabrefish kumakhala lakuthwa nthawi zonse. Chekhon amadyetsa makamaka masana, ndipo usiku amabisala m'misalo yake makamaka pansi pa posungira.
Kugwira sabrefish
Zomata zophatikiza sabrefish zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi nyengo ya chaka. Matambala a Chekhon pa nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi koposa zonse, koma nthawi yotentha mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo monga ntchentche, chinjoka, udzu, ndikuigwira pamadzi. Mu nthawi yophukira, imagwidwa bwino pa nsomba zina, ndipo mutha kupusitsanso sabrefish ndi zidutswa za chitho cha polystyrene kapena rabara, chomwe nsomba zimatenga nyongolotsi kapena mphutsi. Anthu ena oyimba nawo ndege amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zowoneka ngati nyambo, koma osachita bwino.
Kuti mukhale ndi chidwi komanso chisangalalo, gwiritsani ntchito zida ngati ndodo yoyandama, kuuluka ndewu, kuwongolera komanso kupota. Mukamasankha zida zamagetsi, muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi chake ndi zida zake. Chifukwa chake kutalika kwa ndodo kuyenera kukhala mamitala 4-6, mainchesi a mzere wosodza ndi 0.2 mm. Kwa chingwe chodumphadutsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito wowonda - 0,15-0.17 mm. Kusankha kwa mbedza kumatengera kukula kwa phokoso, koma ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito No. 3-5.
Ma chekhon a chekhon mwachangu komanso molimba mtima akumeza nyambo. Ndikuluma, thukutayo mwadzidzidzi limalowa pansi pa madzi ndi mbali. Sikovuta kuseketsa chekhon, koma komabe nkoyenera kuwona kulondola komanso kusamala. Amawedza nsomba pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kukoka chingwe chodziyimira. Nsombazo zimakodwa pamadzipo, koma osakweza pamwamba pamadzi, chifukwa zimatha kutuluka (chekhon ili ndi milomo yopyapyala, ndipo imatha kuthyooka ndikulemera kwa nsomba). Ngati chilichonse chachitika mosamala komanso popanda phokoso kwambiri komanso kukangana, ndiye kuti mu malo omwewo mutha kugwira nsomba zochuluka kuchokera pagulu limodzi. Koma ngati muweta gululo, musamukira kudera lina. Komanso, musakhale achangu ndi kugwira kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo amodzi ngati kulibe kwa nthawi yayitali. Gulu la nkhosalo limayenda mwachangu, ndiye njira yabwino ingakhalire kugwira nsomba zam'madzi kuchokera m'bwatomo. Kungoyambira izi kokha mudzayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nkhumba, osati galimoto, zomwe zimatha kuwopa nsomba zonse. Mukamawedza nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi, nyambo yaying'ono siyivulala, ngakhale ndiyotheka kuchita popanda iyo.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Nsomba za Saber zimatha nthawi yayitali m'madzi akuya, otseguka. M'nyengo yachilimwe imatuluka kuchokera pansi mwakuya pakusaka chakudya. Itha kupezeka m'malo omwe muli ndi mphamvu komanso ma whirlpools. Nthawi zambiri, ndizosatheka kuipeza pafupi ndi gombe.
Masukulu a nsomba zamtunduwu amapezeka pamtunda waukulu komanso mwachangu.
Chekhon adakondwera kumadzi akum'mwera kwa Russia, matupi amadzi akuyenda:
- kwa Baltic,
- Chakuda
- Caspian
- ndi Nyanja ya Azov.
Madzi osasunthika, nsomba zimakonda mitsinje yokhala ndi mafunde ndi malo ochapira. Ndizosatheka kukumana m'mitsinje yaying'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zooneka ngati sabata, zosonkhana m'magulu a toyesa 10-20, zimakonda madzi abata. Mu nyengo yabwino, yopanda bata, mutha kuwona kusuntha kwa nsomba kuchokera malo amodzi kupita kwina. Nyengo ikakhala yosavutikira: Mphepo yamkuntho kapena yamphamvu ya chisanu yokongola imakhala m'malo amodzi.
Nthawi yofalikira
Asodzi a nsomba amatha kubereka, atatha kutha msinkhu, zomwe zimachitika mzaka ziwiri mpaka 4, kutengera malo. Njira zoberekera kum'mwera zigawo zimayambira kale kuposa pakati pa anthu okhala kumpoto komwe amakhala. Nsombazo zimayamba kutuluka madzi akakhala m'malo osungirako kapena mtsinjewo umadzuka kukhala wopanda chilema cha + 120C.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe kumadalirana kumachitika mu Meyi ndi Juni. Njira yakukula kwa moyo watsopano imachitika m'mabedi amtsinje pafupi ndi madzi. Mazira omwe agwidwa ndi mayendedwe apano ndipo pang'onopang'ono amira pansi. Ngati malo "okhalamo kale" ndi nyanja kapena chosungira, ndiye kuti njira yatsopanoyi imachitika m'malo omwe mpweya umakhala ndi mpweya wambiri.
Itha kukhala pakamwa pa mitsinje yaying'ono ndi mitsinje yaying'ono. Kutambalala kumachitika makamaka kuzama kuyambira 1.5 mpaka sikisi mita. Njira yonseyi imatenga masiku 6 mpaka 10.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Chakudya chachikulu ndi zooplankton, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Amakonda abale ake aang'ono:
- roach
- kangaude
- Osanyoza gudgeon yaying'ono.
Pomwe akusaka abale ang'ono, amapenga mwanjira yeniyeni ya mawu ndikuthamangira chilichonse chomwe chimasunthira kapena chofanana ndi chakudya.
Mbali yosaka nkhosa
Gulu la mtundu wamtunduwu likuyandikira chinthu chomwe chimawasaka, ndipo kwakanthawi lizungulira mozungulira, osapereka zofuna zake. Kenako nkugwira munthu yemwe akukangana naye ndikupita kunsi kukadya. Pakapita kanthawi, imadziphatikizanso ndi nsomba yosayang'ana, ikusambira pafupi nayo.
Njira yowukirayi imabwerezedwa. Wodya ngati sabre amadyetsedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Iyi ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito kwambiri kwawosaka. Nyengo ikakhala mitambo, chakudya chimatha kugwira tsiku lonse. Ikamayamba mwezi wathunthu, nsombazo “zimayamba kugwira ntchito” usiku wonse.
Gulu lapa squirrels
Mutha kuwona za nyengo za usodzi wa sabre ndi ntchito ya nibble patsamba lina lathu polojekiti kuwedza chekhon kapena m'nkhaniyo:
Mukamagwira mtunduwu komanso momwe angagwirire chekhon? Yankho la funsoli mosasamala kanthu pambuyo pofalikira. Kanthawi pang'ono nsomba zimadutsa ndikuyamba kuchoka, ndikuyamba kudya, ndikusowa chakudya.
Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa mphamvu zotayika, kuphatikizaponso pankhondo yolimbana ndi kutuluka ndikuyenda kosalekeza. Nthawi ya zhora, imatha kupezeka mwachangu komanso mozungulira momwe ilili, pomwe imayimirira, kudikirira chakudya chomwe chikudutsa. Zitha kukhala tizilombo tomwe talowa m'madzi.
M'mitsinje yotsekedwa ndi platinamu, nsomba za banja la cyprinidae zimabweranso ndi madzi atsopano okhala ndi mpweya. Izi zimachitika pomatsegulira platinamu yapamwamba.
Pakadali pano, onse ali pa ndege. Munthu amatha kuona njira zophera anthu ochepa komanso kudya nyama, kutsukidwa ndimtsinje wamadzi kuchokera pagombe.
Momwe angagwirire chekhon ndi choti ndimupeze? Werengani za izi osati pagawo lachiwiri la nkhaniyi.
Chekhon kuphika
Maganizo a anthu ooneka ngati owonda, okhala ndi timafupa ting'onoting'ono, ndiosadabwitsa. Ngakhale tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi chakudya chamagulu. Nsomba yamafuta apakatikati, mafuta a calorie omwe ndi 88 kcal, omwe ali ndi magalamu 17 a mapuloteni ndi magalamu awiri amafuta, ndiwokongola kwambiri pankhani ya kukoma.
Nsomba, ngakhale ndizocheperako kukula, koma zili ndi zochulukirapo komanso zopatsa thanzi. Magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu - iyi ndiyosakwanira bwino.
Amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumathandizira kukula kwa tsitsi ndi misomali ndikulimbikira kupanga enamel. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pafupipafupi kumathandiza kuchotsa ma acid owononga m'thupi ndikukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi.
Musanayambe kuphika, ma gill, ziwalo zamkati zimachotsedwa mmalo mwake ndipo masikelo amachotsedwa. Ndi yabwino komanso yokazinga, makamaka ndi masamba. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zikagwidwa zimathiridwa mchere. Ntchito yokonzekera ndi yofanana ndikamawaza, koma osachotsa mamba. Ndiye kuwaza ndi mchere ndikuyika m'malo abwino kwa tsiku limodzi. Mowa ndi nsomba ndi malingaliro osagawanika!
Ndikosangalatsa kudya nyama ya nsomba ndikumva mafuta akuyenda ndi dzanja, ndikutsuka ndi mowa wozizira!
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba za saber zimaphikidwa pa grill, zimasuta pang'ono. Komabe, nsomba iyi sioyenera anthu onse. Pali zotsutsana zomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikukumbukira. Iwo omwe ali ndi mavuto machitidwe azakudya ayenera kupewa kudya kapena kudya pang'ono zazing'ono kapena zophika zophika. Mndandanda wathunthu wa maphikidwe a chekhon ukhoza kupezeka Pano.
Popeza mwazolowera malo okhala, mipata yolowera muyenera kusodza. Za zomwe, liti komanso kuti ndigwire, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire chekhon mu gawo lachiwiri nkhani yathu.
Werengani mafotokozedwe a nsomba zamtendere komanso zodya zamasamba patsamba la Ribalka-vsem.ru. Onani makanema osangalatsa komanso othandiza kuchokera ku usodzi ndi tchuthi. Lembetsani patsamba lathu pamasamba ochezera.
Malo abwino ogulitsa pa intaneti amakulolani kuti mugule katundu aliyense wogulitsa pa mitengo yampikisano!
Titsatireni malo ochezera - kudzera mwa iwo timafalitsa zambiri zosangalatsa, zithunzi ndi makanema.
Magawo otchuka amtsambali:
Kandulo ya asodzi ikuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse momwe nsomba zonse zimayendera, kutengera nthawi ya chaka ndi mwezi.
Tsamba lolimbana ndi usodzi likufotokozerani zambiri zamayendedwe asodzi otchuka ndi magiya.
Nozzles posodza - timafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wokhala, chomera, wochita kupanga komanso wosazolowereka.
Munkhani ya nyambo, mudzadziwana ndi mitundu yayikulu, komanso njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ake.
Pezani nsomba zonse zofunika kuti mukhale msodzi weniweni ndi kuphunzira momwe mungasankhire yoyenera.
Maonekedwe a sabrefish
Chekhon ndi wa banja lalikulu la cyprinids. Awa ndi nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala mwa madzi abwino. Kunja, ndi nsomba yosangalatsa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake osiyanitsa ndi mulingo wochepa kwambiri, ngati wokutidwa ndi siliva. M'mphepete, thupi limapanikizika kwambiri, mutu umakhala wocheperako, ndi maso akulu komanso mkamwa lopindika kumtunda.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a thupi lake ndi achilendo - nsana wake ndi wowongoka kwathunthu, m'mimba mwake ndi kotuwa. Chifukwa cha izi mawonekedwe chekhon amatchedwanso saber, saber, mbali, Czech. Pamimba pali keel, pomwe mulibe mulingo. Mtundu wa masikelo a nsomba kumbuyo ndiwowoneka amtambo kapena amtambo, mbali zake ndizopindika.
Mapefiyidwe amsana ndi mchira wake ndi imvi, otsika ndimtoto wofiirira. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizambiri, chifukwa cha nsomba zamtunduwu, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amabwereza thupi la sabrefish. Chiwalo chogwira mtima ndi mzere wotsatira, womwe umapangidwa ndi zigzag, pafupi ndi m'mimba.
Nsomba zaku Czech ndizochepa, zazitali 60 cm, kulemera kwa 2 kg., Koma anthu oterewa amawerengedwa ngati agwidwa, chifukwa ndi osowa. Pakufakitale, anthu ang'onoang'ono amakopedwa - kukula kwake kwa masentimita 20-30 m'litali ndi magalamu 150-200 a kulemera. Ndi Czech awa ang'ono omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kugulidwa m'sitolo mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena osuta. Chekhon wowuma dzuwa nsomba yokoma kwambiri.
Chekhony malo
Chekhon ndi nsomba zochepa pakati m'mphepete mwa Nyanja za Baltic, Aral, Black, Caspian ndi Azov. Ambiri amakhala m'madzi oyera, pomwe amatha kukhala ndi mchere uliwonse ndikupanga mitundu yam'nyanja.
Chekhony malo zazikulu kwambiri - malo awo okhazikika amaphatikizapo Russia, Poland, Germany, France, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria ndi mayiko ena ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia. Ambiri mwa mitsinjeyo ndi Dnieper, Don, Dniester, Danube, Kuban, Western Dvina, Kura, Bug, Terek, Urals, Volga, Neva, Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya.
Ngati tizingolankhula za nyanja, ndiye kuchuluka kwake kumakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Onega, Ladoga, Lake Ilmen ndi Kelifskie. Nyumba zogona komanso malo ena osungira. Ngakhale yayikulu, m'malo ena chekhon amatanthauza mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo ndipo imatetezedwa ndi olamulira. Madera amenewo akuphatikizapo Dnieper ya kumtunda kwa Bryansk, Mtsinje wa North Donets, Nyanja ya Chelkar.
Chekhon amakonda madzi apakati komanso akulu, m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi m'madzi sapezeka. Amasankha madera akuya opanda matchuthi. Nthawi zina amakhala nthawi yosaya, koma pokhapokha pali magetsi apamwamba. Imakonda malo pafupi ndi kamvuluvulu ndi zipolowe. Pafupi ndi gombe nsomba sizipita.
Chakudya cha Chekhon
Chekhon amadya kwambiri masana ndi chakudya chamasamba komanso nyama. Zimachitika, nthawi yachilimwe, imalumphira m'madzi kuti igwire tizilombo toyendayenda pamwamba pake. Nsomba zazing'ono zimadya makamaka ku zoo ndi phytoplankton. Ndipo akukulira amadya mphutsi, nyongolotsi, tizilombo tambiri ndi nsomba zingapo.
Ngati amangosankha tizilombo kuchokera pansi kapena kugwira nsomba pamwamba pamadzi, ndiye kuti ayenera kusaka mwachangu. Ma Czech nthawi zambiri amasambira ndi omwe akuvutitsidwa ndi gulu limodzi, kenako nkugwira chonde ndikugwera pansi. Pambuyo kubwerera kwa lotsatira. Nsomba zamoyo izi zimatsutsa mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
Mbali imeneyi imadziwika ndi asodzi, amadziwanso kuti sabrefish ndiyosangalatsa, chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi tizilombo monga mphutsi, mphutsi, mphutsi za ndowe, ntchentche, njuchi, ziwala, chinjoka ndi nyama zina. Kuphatikiza apo, nsombayi imakola mbedza yopanda kanthu, yomangirizidwa ndi ulusi wofiyira kapena yomwe ndevu imavalira.
Kubala ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa sabrefish
Chekhon amatha kuberekanso m'boma kwa zaka 3-5 - (kum'mwera pang'ono kale - zaka 2-3, kumpoto kwa 4-5). Kukula kumayambira mu Meyi-Juni, ndipo nsomba yaying'ono imachita izi kale kuposa anthu ambiri. Mkhalidwe waukulu pakuyamba kwa kufalikira ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa 20-23 Cº, chifukwa chake, kumadera akumwera, kutulutsa kumayambira kale.
Asanatuluke, sabrefish imadya pang'ono, imasonkhana m'makola akuluakulu ndikuyang'ana malo oti ikayikire mazira. Madera omwe ali ndi mayendedwe olimba kwambiri komanso akuya kwa 1 mpaka 3 mita ndi oyenera, awa ndi osaya, malovu amchenga, zigawenga zamtsinje.
Kutambalala kumachitika m'maulendo awiri kum'mwera, komanso nthawi kumpoto. Mitsinje ya Chekhon imayamba kuyenda, ndikusunthira kumtunda, kenako nkugubudukanso pansi. Mazira sakhala omata, chifukwa chake, samalumikizidwa ndi algae kapena zinthu zina m'madzi, koma amapaka pansi.
Ali ndi kukula kwa 1.5 mm. m'mimba mwake, mutatha kuphatikiza umuna, khalani pansi ndikutupa pamenepo, ndikukula mpaka 3 mm. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa mazira, mazira amatha mkati mwa masiku 2-4, kenako 5 mm mwachangu.
Nsomba zimakula msanga, kudya chakudya chochuluka, zimasokera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikusuntha ndi kutuluka. Pambuyo masiku 10, amasinthana ndi plankton, ndikudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Chekhon amakula msanga kwambiri zaka 3-5. Kenako kukula kumachepa, motero, ngakhale atakhala zaka pafupifupi khumi, sikanathe kugwira munthu wamkulu kwambiri.
Kodi Chekhon amapezeka kuti?
Nsombayi imamva bwino mu malo otentha, ozizira komanso amchere, omwe amalola kuti itha kukhala bwino m'lifupi ndi matupi a madzi abwino omwe amafalikira mosiyana ndi michere yambiri. Chekhony ali ndi makina opanga bwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha kusintha kwakanema kwamphamvu yamphamvu yam'nyanja kumachitika. Mofananamo, biosystem imakhazikitsidwa kuti ichotse matenda amchere amchere, omwe amakonzanso ntchito ya gill, matumbo ndi impso pansi pa ntchito yochotsa ma elekitirodijeni ochulukirapo m'thupi.
Kuchita bwino kwa njirayi ndikokwera kwambiri mpaka pano, wobowolayo amakhala mu Nyanja ya Aral yomwe inali ndi mchere wambiri. Tsoka ilo, tsopano malo okhala a Chekhon ku Central Asia achepetsa kwambiri kufikira kumunsi kwa Syr Darya ndi Amu Darya ndi Lake Chelkar (Kazakhstan), komwe kumadziwikanso ndi vuto lomwe likukula la madzi amchere owawa.
Ku Russia, Chekhon amapezeka mabeseni a nyanja zingapo nthawi imodzi:
- Azovsky - Wet Elanchik, Don, Eya, Kuban, Mius, Duct, Sambek, Wet Chuburka, Khoper,
- Caspian - Oka, Kama, Volga, Ural, Samur, Sulak, Terek, Akhtuba,
- Wakuda - Psou, Shah, Mzymta, Sochi, Dnieper wapamwamba komanso mbali ina Kuban, imodzi mwa nthambi zake zomwe zimayenda mumphepete mwa Kiziltash pagombe la Black Sea,
- Baltic - Meadows, Pregol, Western Dvina, Neman, Svir, Volkhov, Neva, Ilmen, Lake Ladoga ndi Onega.
Ndi m'mphepete mwa Neva ndi Gulf of Finland komwe malire akumpoto kwa malo a Chekhon akudutsa. Kummawa, mabanki akumanzere aku Urals, monga Ilek ndi Or, amachita ngati malire. Kumadzulo - Nyanja ya Peipsi, madera akutali a Narva, Western Dvina, Dnieper ndi Desna.
Komwe angagwire Chekhon kudera la Moscow
Mitsinje ndi malo obisalamo pafupi ndi mzindawu nawonso amadzitamandira chifukwa cha nsomba. Chekhon ambiri kwambiri mu Oka, asungeni. Moscow, Pyalovsky ndi Pestovsky, malo osungirako nyama a Ivankovo. Pano, nsomba zimasungidwa kutali ndi gombe lakuya kwambiri, kotero kuti nsomba zake zitheke bwino ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito bwato kapena zida zazitali, mwachitsanzo, kupindika.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa Chekhony
Mtunduwu ndi nsomba yofunikira yosamukira komwe imakhala nthawi yayitali kumadera okhala ndi chakudya. Mitundu ya mitsinje yakunyanja ndi nyanja ya sabrefish sichachilendo, chomwe sichili chosiyana ndi china chilichonse, kupatula kuchuluka kwa kukula ndi mtundu wa kumbuyo. Koma mulimonsemo, nsomba zimangokhala zokha m'madzi abwino, zomwe zimakonda kukwera mtunda wa makilomita mazana ambiri.
Malo omwe Chekhon amakonda kupitikirako ndi ma dziwe apakati komanso akuluakulu omwe ali ndi malo ambiri okuya komanso otambalala popanda zomera zonenepa. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mitsinje yayikulu, nyanja kapena zimbudzi zomwe zimakhala ndi zozama pang'onopang'ono komanso maenje angapo, omwe amakhala malo ogona usiku kapena malo osakhalapo nyengo yoyipa, kutentha, ndi kuzizira kwambiri.
Ntchito yayikulu imachitika m'mawa, tsiku lowala komanso madzulo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chazakudya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi sabrefish, yomwe imakonda kusaka mwachangu ndi tizilombo m'magulu apakati kapena pafupi ndi madzi. Nsombazi ndizosamala kwambiri ndipo sizisambira kwenikweni kupita kumtunda kapena kulowa m'madzi osaya. Koma ngati mupereka nyamboyo kumalo opetera gululo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zazitali kapena paboti, muyembekezere kuluma molimba mtima komanso molimba mtima. Pakuya kwakukulu kwamamita 5-30, wobesayo amachita mosasamala. Saopa nkomwe phokoso la kulimbirana kwa wopanga mbambo. Izi ndichifukwa choti imodzi mwanjira zomwe amakonda kwambiri posaka sabrefish akugwira tizilombo pa ntchentche. Kuti achite izi, amadumphira m'madzi, kenako ndikubwerera ndi mawu akulu.
Ngati mtsinje umakhala wotsekeka kapena kuzungulira, kuya kwake kumatha kukhala kofunikira kwambiri. Malo oterowo amakopa nsomba, zomwe, chifukwa cha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri komanso kusasunthika, zimatha kululuza mochenjera kuchokera mwachangu, mwachangu, mwachangu, touluka, komanso m'madzi am'madzi. Mu nthawi yophukira, mu Seputembala, Chekhon amayamba kudyetsa kwambiri, kenako kenako amasamukira kumalo akuya, akukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhalabe yogwira ndipo imagwidwa bwino pa ayezi.
Zomera
Kuyika mazira masika kumachitika nthawi yochepa kwa masiku atatu pa kutentha kwa madzi a + 12-13 0 C (Epulo-Juni). Njirayi imayendera limodzi ndi kukwera kwamphamvu kwamadzi osefukira komanso kusunthika kwamphamvu kwa Chekhon m'misewu ya mitsinje pamitunda yayitali. Kukula kwachizolowezi chokhachokha ndi mita 1-3. Ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi magetsi olimbitsa, omwe amapereka masonry ndi mpweya wokhazikika. Ndiye chifukwa chake m'malo osungirako a Chekhon amangozungulira pakamwa ndi magwero amitsinje.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina za banja la cyprinid, zazikazi zazing'ono zakubadwa zaka 3-5 ndizoyambirira kutulutsa. Kenako pakubwera anthu achikulire omwe amapita kumalo osaya kwambiri komwe kumayambira chifuwa cham'mawa. Kukula koyamba kwa mazira ndi 2-2,5 mm, koma chifukwa cha siponji yapadera yomwe imatenga madzi mwachangu, imakwera m'mimba mwake mpaka 4-5 mm ndikuyamba kuyendetsa bwino. Njira yachilengedwe ngati imeneyi imalola zomangirazo kuti ziziyenda momasuka m'chigawo chamadzi ndikupeza mpweya wofunikira.
Pakatha masiku atatu ndi atatu, njira yolumikizana ndi mphutsi imayamba, yomwe imasunthira m'magulu ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono. M'madzi, mwana wa sabrefish amadya kwambiri pa zooplankton ndipo mchaka choyamba cha moyo amakula mpaka masentimita 7 000. Kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kusamala kwa mkati zimathandizira kuti ambiri asamamenye. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kubzala kwa Chekhon sikuchitidwa pang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta za nthawi ya makulidwe a caviar. Kutumphuka kukatha, chekhon yomwe idachokera m'madzi amchere imayamba kulowa munyanja. Itha kupita kukadyetsa ndi gawo la anthu amtsinje.
Kodi chekhon amadya chiyani
Zakudya za nsomba ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka zake, kukula ndi malo okhala. Anthu ochepa kwambiri amadya zooplankton, momwe timakhola ting'onoting'ono, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, ndi timiyendo tambiri. Chekhon wamkulu amakulitsa menyu, kuphatikiza:
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri
- masheleti, mabalaza, mabelu a udzudzu,
- madontho, abulu amadzi, poyenda,
- achinyamata a nsomba zina (gudgeon, chikhocha, sokosera, zoseweretsa, crucian carp, rudd).
Maonekedwe osangalatsa komanso achilendo ndikusaka kwa sabrefish kwa mwachangu: imalumikizidwa pagululo ndipo kwa kanthawi imasunthira nayo, osawonetsa kupsa mtima kulikonse. Ndipo amathanso kumugwira yemwe akum'gwirira pafupi kwambiri ndikuchoka nawo kwambiri. Pakupita mphindi zochepa, nsomba imabweranso ndikuyambiranso.
Chekhony malo
Chekhon amatha kukhala m'malo otentha, ozizira komanso amchere. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokhala m'madzi am'nyanja ndi mitsinje yamadzi abwino osiyanasiyana osiyana siyana. Nsomba imapangidwanso m'njira yosinthira. Chifukwa cha iye, nsomba zimatha kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu la hydrostatic lomwe limapezeka m'madzi am'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nsombayo imayambitsa matenda a mchere wamchere. Zimathandizira kukonzanso magwiridwe antchito a m'mimba, matumbo ndi impso ndikuchotsa ma elekitirodiya m'thupi. Njirayi imapangidwa bwino kwambiri mpaka nsomba zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'madzi amchere a Nyanja ya Aral. Masiku ano Chekhon amakhala kumapiri a Syr Darya, Amu Darya ndi Lake Chelkar.
Izi nsomba zimatha kupezeka m'munsi mwa nyanja zotsatirazi:
- Azov: Wet Elanchik, Don, Sombek, Khoper, Mius,
- Caspian: Kama, Ural, Terek, Oka,
- Wakuda: Dnieper, Shah, Sochi,
- Baltic: Volkhov, Neva, Nyanja ya Ladoga.
Mukamasankha malo okhala, m'lifupi ndi kuya kwa mtsinje ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kutha kwa Chekhon kuchokera ku Seversky Donets. Mtsinjewo ndi wopanda madzi, koma mtsinjewo sunatsukidwe. Palibe nzeru kufunafuna chekhon m'mabotolo. Pakusodza, muyenera kusankha malo ambiri.
Njira zogwira chekhony
Pali njira zambiri zogwira nsomba za sabre. Njira yakaleyi imaphatikizapo kusodza ndi ndodo yosomba ndi kupota. Chekhon amugwira bwino pa chingamu. Nsomba zimakhala m'munsi mwa madzi, motero kuwedza kuchokera pansi kumakhala kofala.
Mwatsatanetsatane pa njira zazikulu za usodzi:
- pa kupota: ndibwino kusankha ndodo yopota yowala ndi mtanda pang'ono. Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo mpaka magalamu asanu. Gwiritsani ntchito bwino coil wamkati, voliyumu yake kuchokera ku 1000 kapena kupitirira. M'malo molemba nsomba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chopyapyala. Phokoso lamapiri limakhala losiyanasiyana,
- kugwira sabrefish kuchokera pansi. Ndikwabwino kupeza njira iyi nthawi yamadzulo ikafika ndipo dzuwa litabisala patali. Nsomba zimasambira pang'ono pafupi ndi gombe mpaka pakuya mamita 4. Kuti mugwire chekhon, mufunika ndodo ya usodzi kutalika kwa mita 8 ndi kuyandama komwe kumawala. Kutumiza kwa kuyandama kuyenera kuchitika polingalira kuchuluka kwake. Komwe kutuluka kumathamanga, magulu angapo ang'onoang'ono oyesera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumene kumatuluka pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa mikanda kumacheperachepera. Mtunda pakati pawo ukhoza kufikira 200 mm. Nsomba zimagwira makamaka usiku. Pakupuma kwakanthawi, kuluma kumapitilira mpaka mbandakucha. Mukamaganiza zodzigwira nsomba padziwe usiku, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi nyambo,
- kuwedza chingamu. Chimodzi mwazosankha zotsogola ndikuwedza chekhon pa gulu la zotanuka, ndiye kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito bulu wokhala ndi chotengera cha mphira. Ndiwotchepa, yomwe imakhala ndi katundu wambiri mpaka 400 mpaka 700 g, ndipo nthawi zina g 1,000. Chovuta kwambiri ndi chosemphana kwambiri kuyambira 5 mpaka 10 m. Mzere ndi wa 0.35 mm ndikutalika kwake kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 50 m. nsomba yopendekera mpaka 0,3 mm wandiweyani. Ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito wopanga nyama ndi kusambira ndi clasp,
- kuuluka nsomba. Njirayi imafunikira ndodo yapadera yooneka ngati koni. Kwa ntchentche za nyambo ndi zokumana nazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusodza mochita kuwedza kumafunikira chidziwitso, chifukwa kwa oyamba njira iyi imakhala yovuta. Njira yosodza iyi sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa siabwino kwambiri.
Kunyenga
Malinga ndi upangiri wa asodzi odziwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuyesa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya Chekhon. Kuti musodzile bwino, muyenera kudziwa zomwe nsomba zimakonda panthawi inayake. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, kuwedza kwa chekhon ndi koyenera nyambo zoyambira nyama: mphutsi, kuuluka, nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi mphutsi.
Pa makina azitsotso a chomera, ndibwino kusankha: chimanga chosiyanasiyana, mtanda ndi chimanga chofinya. Njira yopambana yopambana yogwira sabrefish pamadzi am'magazi. M'nyengo yotentha, nsomba zimadziponyera pa agulugufe, tizilombo, tizikwanje ndi ziwala. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito ndodo ndi nyambo zingapo zoyimitsa, popeza sabrefish si nsomba yabwino kwambiri.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Mimba ya Chekhon ndiyotupa, chifukwa cha izi zikuwoneka kuti thupi lake limapindika. M'malo mwake, kumbuyo kwake kuli kowongoka. Maso ndi akulu, siliva. Ophunzirawo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wakuda. Malo apamwamba pakamwa pake akuwonetsa kuti nsomba za sabrefish zimadyetsedwa kuchokera pamwamba.
Kumbuyo ndikuda kwambiri kuposa mbali. Pamwambapa ndi zofiirira kwambiri. Masikelo ndi gloss, ochepa, osavuta kuyeretsa. M zipsepse zamtchire ndizitali, za imvi ndi utoto wofiira. Mapeto ake ndi afupi ndipo amasinthira kumchira. Mtundu wake ndi imvi.
Chekhon amatuluka m'malo osungira madzi komanso m'malo osefukira osefukira. Pambuyo pofalikira, imabwereranso kwawo. Akazi amayikira mazira m'madzi osaya. Kuzama kwa malo osambira sikupitilira mita imodzi.
Malangizo a nsomba a Chekhon
Nsombazi zimakopa anthu ambiri obowera. Zimatengera mitundu yamalonda yamtengo wapatali. Pamlingo waukulu, imaperekedwa ku mashelufu amamasitolo mu mawonekedwe owuma komanso osuta. Imakongoletsedwa ndikuwathandizira. Kulemera kwa munthu, yemwe sachita manyazi kuyika pachithunzicho, kuli pafupifupi 500 g, pomwe kutalika kwake kudzaposa 0.5 m. Asodzi odziwa ntchito asodzi amapereka chidwi chodziwitsanso izi:
- Popeza chekhon imasungidwa mwakuya, ikulowetsani nsomba zambiri pamzerewo. Gwiritsani ntchito mbedza zokhala ndi mkono wautali; kukula kwake ndi "sikisi".
- Chekhon amatsogolera gulu la moyo, kotero simuyenera kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja mukusaka nsomba. Ngati nsomba zikuluzikulu patsikuli, ndiye kuti nsomba ziziperekedwa.
- Ngakhale mu April, Chekhon, ndi ntchito zake zonse, amakhala ndi nthawi yonyalanyaza nyambo iliyonse.Zimachitika kuti nsombayo ikuluma usiku wokha.
- Kuti mugwire Chekhon, mufunika ndodo ya usodzi yotalika pafupifupi mita 4. Kuponyedwa kuchokera kumtunda kuyenera kukhala kutali, ndodo ya Bologna yoswedwa ndi chingwe cholimbitsa bwino idzakhala yolondola.
Nthawi zambiri mphutsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nyambo. Imagwira bwino ntchito limodzi ndi nyongolotsi. Izi sizabwino kwambiri "ndi sangweji" ya mphutsi, koma china chake. Choyamba nyongayo wabzala, kenako mphutsi. Chekhon sakukana izi.
Monga ma cyprinid onse, nsomba izi zimakhala ndi mphamvu komanso kusakhazikika. Kubisa toyesa lalikulu ndi kosangalatsa. Koma samangomupeza chifukwa chongosewera.
Kukoma kwa chekhon chowuma dzuwa kumakumbukiridwa kwanthawi yayitali. M'mene nsombazi zimapezeka, pali akatswiri omwe amapita kukausodzi, ndipo nsomba zamtundu wina zimayang'aniridwa ndi nsomba zambiri, kaya ndi nsomba yabwino kapena mtundu wa carp.
Zomwe mungachite chekhon
Ndi magawo osiyanasiyana opambana, usodzi ukhoza kupitiliza chaka chonse, kupatula nthawi yowonongera. Nthawi yoyenera ndi nthawi yophukira isanakwane komanso kusuntha kwa nthawi yophukira kwa nsomba, komwe kumadyetsa mafuta ambiri.
Monga mawonekedwe pa nkhaniyi:
- nyongolotsi zamwazi, mphutsi, chiwala,
- chinjoka, ntchentche, gulugufe,
- mbewa, nyongolotsi ndi ndowe,
- kachilomboka kachikumbu, kachikumbu, nyambo.