Chimodzi mwa nsomba zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'madzi otentha kwambiri chimakhala ndi mbola zakuthwa kumchira wamtali. Chifukwa cha izi, adatchedwa stingrays. Ndi nsomba zodziimira zokha za nsomba zapa cartilaginous, zomwe zimatchedwa Dasyatiformes (Tailing-like) mchilankhulo cha sayansi.
Moyo ndi Kubereka
Stingray stingray ndi nsomba yotsika yomwe imakhala m'malo osaya. Amamwalira madzi atazizira mpaka kutentha kwa -7˚, choncho nthawi yotentha amasankha malo osaya kwambiri. Ndi nyengo yozizira imachoka m'malo amphepete mwa nyanja ndikupita kumadzi akuya kwambiri. Mu nthawi yamasika, nthawi zambiri amayenda pamagulu akulu. Akuluakulu amasambira kutsogolo, kenako ang'ono, ndipo achichepere omaliza. Ma stingrays amakonda kukhala pansi pamatope kapena pamchenga, kuyika pansi kapena theka pansi. Imakhala yosaoneka, nsonga ya mphuno, maso ndi mchira yokha imangokhala pansi.
Nthawi zokhala mumkhalidwe wokhazikika zitha kusintha m'malo mwa oyipa. Chingwe chimatha kuwuluka kuchokera pansi, kuwuluka kapena kuuluka, ndikupanga zipsepse ngati mapiko.
Zakudya za stingray stingray zimakhala ndi ma mollusks, nsomba zazing'ono, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, ma crustaceans ndi zina zam'madzi zam'nyanja. Kwambiri, stingrays amakonda kudya gobies. Mollusk amagamba zipolopolo za mollusk okhala ndi mano osakhazikika komanso meno, omwe ali pakamwa pake m'mizere ingapo.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wamtundu wa stingray, imakhala yosaoneka pakusaka. Imakhalanso ngati chitetezo chabwino kwa adani.
Mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe a mbola zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, yomwe imawoneka bwino ngakhale pachithunzichi. Amakhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya monga mawonekedwe a disk, kunja kwake kumakhala ngati pancake. Thupi la mphaka wam'nyanja limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a diamondi kapena chowulungika, kufikira kutalika pafupifupi mamita awiri. M'lifupi, ndi pafupifupi lachitatu kuposa kutalika.
Maonekedwe a stingray ali ndi zina:
- Thupi ndi ziphuphu zopakidwa za pectoral, zomwe ndi kupitiliza kwa mutu, zimapanga disk yokhala ndi ma CD.
- Zipsemba zopakidwa utoto zokhala ndi kuzungulira m'mphepete ndikuwoneka ngati mapiko.
- Pamaso pa diski pali mawonekedwe ambiri poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo kwake. Khola la stingray limalozedwa.
- Nyanja yoluma imakhala ndi khungu losalala, kupatula malo m'mbali momwe minga ili.
- Mchira wa nsomba ndi wautali kuposa thupi lake.
- Pakati pa mchira pali kangaude wokhala ndi zinthu zakupha mkati. Kutalika kwake kumafika mpaka masentimita 35. Mwachilengedwe, anthu omwe amakhala ndi ma spine awiri kapena atatu amapezeka.
Yang'anani! Kuti musinthe kangaude wosweka, watsopano amakula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti stingray stingray silivulaza ndipo nthawi zonse imayimira ngozi kwa anthu.
Kunja kwa thupi kumakhala mphuno ndi zipilala zisanu. Maso a mphaka wanyanja ali m'mbali mwa dorsal, alibe gawo logawanitsa. Stingray ali ndi masomphenya abwino.
Nsagwada zapamwamba komanso zam'munsi zimakhala ndi mano omwe amakhala m'mizere yosakwana 28. Mano ake amatha kuwoneka ngati ofota kapena okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Amalumikizana mwamphamvu, ndikupanga mtundu wa grater.
Kapangidwe ka ziwalo zopumira zam'nyanja ndi kosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Stingrays imakhala pansi kapena kumiza mumchenga, motero, ndimapangidwe amomwe amapumira, mchenga zambiri zimagwera m'madzi ndi madzi. Koma ziwalo zopumira za stingray zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala m'malo mwam'nyanja.
Kumbuyo kwa stingray pamakhala timizinga tomwe mpweya umalowera m'thupi. Ali ndi valavu yoletsa kulowa kwa thupi lakunja lililonse. Valavu ngati sagwira ntchito, nsomba zimatha kuthamangitsa thupi lakunja popereka ndege yamadzi.
Kugawa
Nyanja Yakuda stingray (dzina lovomerezeka Dasyatis pastinaca- - m'modzi wa 88 oimira banja, amakonda madzi otentha kwambiri ndipo akuyimiridwa kwambiri ku East Atlantic, kuyambira pagombe la nyanja ya Baltic mpaka gombe lakumadzulo kwa Africa. Mtundu wokhawu womwe umakhala ku Azov ndi Nyanja zakudaposankha chomaliza.
Pokhala nsomba yotsika, imakonda pansi pamchenga komanso mopyapyala, pomwe imayilidwa pang'ono kuti chisavalidwe. Imapezeka kwambiri pamalo osaya kwambiri mpaka 60 metres, koma imatha kusunthira mwakuya, kutengera nyengo ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Amayenda m'madzi osaya ndi m'miyala, nthawi zina amasambira m'mitsinje.
Kufotokozera
Stingray ya Black Sea ili ndi thupi lalikulu komanso lophwanyika lomwe lilibe mafupa (kokha cartilage, nyamayo ndi ya nsomba za cartilaginous). Pamwamba (dorsal) pali maso, kumbuyo kwake kuli mitsitsi yoyera, pomwe madzi amalowa m'matumba. Ndizokulirapo ndipo pakutsegula / kutseka kumawoneka kuti nsomba "ikuuma". M'munsi mwake mumakhala timitengo tokhala ngati gill ndi kamwa lokhala ndi mizere iwiri yazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi timiyala, kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 zidutswa zilizonse.
Thupi lotsetseralo limatha ndi mchira (mwa akulu limafanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi, mwa nyama zazing'ono limakhala lalitali nthawi 1.5), chapakati pomwe kangaude wokokedwa amakula, mpaka masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mothandizidwa ndi kulowetsako, poyizoni amadzazidwa ndi iyo, yomwe imalowetsedwa mthupi la womenyedwayo panthawi yogunda. Ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika kuti nsomba adalandira dzina loyambirira la "stingray". Nthawi zina, ma spikes amatha, ndiye kuti pakhoza kukhala 2 kapena 3 a iwo.
Jakisoni wa spike ndiwowawa kwambiri, ndipo matendawa amafanana ndi poyizoni wa njoka: malaise, mtima arrhythmia, edema, kusanza. Samaonedwe kuti amwalira, amatha kuphedwa ngati ataperekedwa pa gawo la ziwalo zofunika. Milandu ngati imeneyi imadziwika. Zimatenga masiku angapo kuti muchepe, koma mabala a jakisoni amachiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zofunika! Monga mwachizolowezi, Black Sea stingray simalimbana ndi munthu, kupewa kubangula kapena phokoso, chamanyazi. Koma ngati mungafikire apo kapena "kuyiyendetsa pakona", kuyesa kukokera kumtunda, kumamenyetsa mchira wanu pomwepo, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwindayo ndi kuwongoka kwa kangaude imakupatsani mwayi kuti mubole zovala ndi nsapato zopepuka.
Gawo la m'munsi la stingray ndi lowala, loyera-loyera, kumtunda ndi lamdima, la bulauni komanso lamtundu wa azitona wobiriwira. Thupi ndi losalala osati yokutidwa ndi mamba. Pafupipafupi, kukula kwake kumafikira masentimita 60-70 m'litali (m'lifupi ndi lalikulu pang'ono kutalika) ndi 8-10 kilogalamu kulemera, ndi mchira kuchokera mita, koma mu kutentha ndi kum'mwera nyanja, 20-kilogalamu toyesa 2-2.5 mita. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakula kuposa amuna.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Malinga ndi chakudya, Black Sea stingray imakhala nyama yolusa. Benthic invertebrates, shrimp, chipolopolo ndi nsomba zazing'ono zimapanga zakudya zake. Yotsirizayi imatenga gawo laling'ono, likuwonjezera pamene njirayo ikukula. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti munga wa stingray sugwiritsidwa ntchito posaka. Cholinga chake chimangodziteteza.
Rampu imasaka anthu obisala omwe akukwanira pansi pa nyanja. Kuti achite izi, amira pansi, ndikuigwirira mwamphamvu momwe angathere ndikudzipukusa ndi mchenga pang'ono, ndikudziguguda. Ngati "pachakudya chamasana" pali massel kapena ma mollusks ena okhala ndi zipolopolo, ndiye kuti mano omwe amatumphuka mosavuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi yokondweretsa ya stingray ndi nthawi yamadzulo kapena usiku womwe umagwira kwambiri. Dera lapakati - Mphaka wanyanja - adalandira chifukwa cha izi. Zimamuthandiza kuwona bwino usiku enzyme yapadera - guanine, yomwe imakhala ngati galasi m'maso, ikakumana ndi yomwe imakhala ndi chithunzi chamdima kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi kuukira kwa ambulansi, izi zimapangitsa zizolowezi zake kukhala zofanana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha ziweto.
Kuswana
Mwa chiberekedwe, mphaka wam'madzi ndi nsomba yochita kupulumuka, ndipo mwana amatuluka m'mimba mwa mayi atakhala kale ndi moyo. Koma ngakhale pano stingray imadziwika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mluza womwe umangodya dzira sukudya ulk yekhayo, komanso histotroph (michere yofanana ndikugwira ntchito ndi cholinga chake mkaka wa m'mawere).
Ma stingrays ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi 8 cm "kupitirira thupi" ndi 20 cm kutalika) amawonekera mu June-Julayi, ndipo nthawi yokhala ndi bere ndi masiku okwanira kufikira masiku 120. Pambuyo pobadwa, mbola zimafalikira kudera lamadzi, popanda kuwonetsa chilichonse cha ubale "wapachibale".
Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi mbola ndi zaka 10, ndipo ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 20. Amakhala ndi moyo wapadera, nthawi zambiri samasonkhana m'magulu akulu.
Mtengo
Siprayray-stingray wamba si nsomba yamalonda, chifukwa nyama ilibe chisangalalo chapadera. Chiwindi cha nsomba, chomwe chimakhala ndi vitamini D yambiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta a nsomba, chimakhala chofunikira. Kale, nsonga zapoizoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsonga za zida, ndipo mivi inkakololedwa ndi poyizoni.
Amagwiritsa ntchito stingray ya Black Sea komanso pokongoletsa, ngati nsomba yam'madzi, koma izi zimafunikira zida zazikulu komanso malo apadera omangidwa.
Kumanani ndi Stingray
Izi otsetsereka ndi a banja la cartilaginous nsomba za caudate. Mu Latin, amatchedwa Taeniura Lymma. Tizilomboti timakhala m'madzi otentha komanso nyanja zonse. Amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo masana amangogona pansi pa nyanja, nthawi zina amaponyera mumchenga. Ma stingrays amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe ndipo, kuwonjezera pa nyanja, amasambiranso ming'alu yamadzi ndipo ngakhale m'mitsinje ngati ikuyenda munyanja zam'mwera.
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Ndikosavuta kukumana ndi stingrays pafupi ndi magombe a Sharm El Sheikh kapena Hurghada. Panokha, sindinawonepo mbola zazikulu zamtunduwu. Ichthyologists amati disk yawo nthawi zina imafikira masentimita 70 - osatinso. Stinger amadya mphutsi, nsomba zazinkhanira, ndi shrimp. Amakhala ndi mano omwe amawoneka ngati mbale. Mano amenewa ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kutsegulira zipolopolo za mollusk.
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Stingrays - zokhala ndi moyo. Mazira amakula m'mayi mumimba, kenako amabadwa kale. Atangobadwa, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wachizolowezi: kumira pansi ndikudya tating'onoting'ono, crustaceans, mollusks.
Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhudzidwa ndiminda yamagetsi. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kosaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi pamagetsi, amapeza amene akuvutikawo.
Zambiri pazokhudza stingray wamba
Stingray yodziwika bwino (dzina lasayansi Dasyatis pastinaca) ndi nsomba yam'madzi ndipo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri mbola. Malinga ndi dzina lake, limaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la banja la Tailed and Stinged. Anthu onse a m'banjali amakhala ndi nthongo yakuthwa yokhala ndi poyizoni mchira wautali. Mphaka wamtundu wamtambo, nsomba yamphaka, ndi malo otsetsereka; imakhala ndi kutalika kwanthawi zonse, pamodzi ndi mchira wa mita imodzi. Kutalika kwakukulu kumatha kufika mamita awiri ndi theka.
Zomwe zili kunja kwake
Maonekedwe a mphaka wam'madzi amasiyana pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe a stingrays ena, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- Mthupi ndi zipilala zopaka za pisitori zosakanikirana ndi mutu ndikupanga diski ya mawonekedwe apafupipafupi a rhomboid, m'lifupi mwake lomwe limapitirira pang'ono kutalika.
- M'mphepete mwa zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral, "mapiko" ndi ozungulira.
- Kutsogolo kwake kwa disc kumakhala kosalala kuposa kumbuyo, ndipo kumakhala kofotokozerako.
- Khungu limakhala losalala pokhapokha, kupatula malo omwe ali kumbali yakumbuyo, komwe kuli mafupa ndi mafupa.
- Mchirawo ndi wautali kwambiri. Mu nsomba yamphaka wamkulu, imakhala yofanana kutalika kwa diski. Mchira umapitilira kutalika kwa thupi.
- Pafupifupi pakati mchira wa mphaka wa stingray pamakhala nthongo ya poizoni, mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 35 mwa anthu akuluakulu kwambiri. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona ma spikes awiri kapena atatu.
Zingwe za mchira zimatha kuthyoka, koma nthawi yomweyo zimasinthidwa ndi omwe angotuluka kumene, ndiye kuti, popanda chida choopsa ichi, nsomba yamphaka yam'madzi sikhala.
Utoto ndi mbali yamkati ya thupi
Thupi la stingray wamba limasiyanitsidwa:
- mbali yakumaso kwa khungu lakuda - mthunzi wa bulauni kapena maolivi (nthawi zina ndimawonekedwe omwe amapanga mawonekedwe),
- zam'mimba - zonyansa zoyera - zoyera.
Mukamayang'ana m'mimba mwa mphaka wakunyanja, mizere iwiri ya gill ikhoza kuwoneka (mzere uliwonse). Pakamwa pakawoneka ngati kamtsinje kena kamakhala pang'ono kutsogolo kwa mizere iyi. Ndipo pafupi ndi m'mbali mwa kamwa ndi mphuno. Nthawi zina amasokonezedwa molakwika ndi maso, omwe amakhala kumbali ya dorsal m'mbali zonse. Mu chithunzi mumawona mphaka wam'nyanja: chithunzichi chikuwonetsa momwe nsomba'yi imawonekera kuchokera mbali ya m'mimba.
Nsomba yamphaka ndi toothy: mano m'mizere yambiri amapezeka pa nsagwada zonse ziwiri (pafupifupi mizere 28). Pa nsagwada ya m'munsi pamakhala mizere 43 ya mano ang'onoang'ono osalongosoka, ndipo m'munsi - pang'ono.
Kodi chifukwa chiyani njanjiyi amatchedwa?
Mchira wa njirayo umatha ndi nthongo yakuthwa, yokhotakhota kumbali, yomwe imatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 37. Kangaude kamakhala ndi serrations m'mphepete. Kudziteteza, chingwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati chikwapu ndipo chimaphulitsa wovulalayo, ndikung'amba thupi ndi chingwe. Mphamvu yakukhudzidwa kwa mchira wa njirayo ndi yokhoza kuti imatha kuboola nsapato zazikopa kapena zovala zachimunthu ndi kangaude. Ziyenera kunenedwa poteteza mbola zomwe sizidzidzidzimutsa zokha, koma zimangodziteteza. Chifukwa chake, ngati simudzawakhudza kapena mwanjira yoti musawapondereze, sangavulaze munthuyo.
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Amphaka am'nyanja ndimunthu
Dasyatis pastinaca (wamba stingray) amadziwika bwino ku azungu. Pamene imati "stingray - stingray", ndiye izi nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa. Izi ndi nsomba zowopsa ku Black Sea ndi ma sea ena omwe amalumikizana nawo. Chifukwa chake, pakusamba, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa kuti chisangokhala mwangozi pachimodzimodzi ndi mchira wake, wodzazidwa ndi poizoni, jekeseni wake yemwe amapweteka kwambiri. Izi zimatha kudwala kwambiri. Pali ziwonetsero kuti mphaka wa m'madzi amachititsa kuti anthu 3,000 avutike chaka chilichonse akakumana ndi nyanja.
Nyama ya stingray iyi ndi fungo losasangalatsa la blubber ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso mafuta, chifukwa chake imawonedwa ngati yopanda vuto. Komabe, asodzi ake akupitilizabe. Zakudya za ku France zimakhala ndi zakudya zapadera zopangidwa kuchokera ku chiwindi, zomwe ndizokoma kwambiri. Chiwindi chimakhala ndi mafuta opitilira 60 peresenti. Nyama yofuka ndi kuchiritsidwa ya mphaka wam'nyanja imagulitsidwa m'maiko ena ku Europe.
Singano zophera ndi poyizoni
Stingray idalandira dzina chifukwa cha zibowo zam'mwamba pachira chake. Ena amawatcha singano. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti ma spikes ali ndi malekezero ake owoneka bwino ndipo mbali zoyipa mbali zonse ziwiri. Amapanikizika pambuyo pake, zomwe zimawapatsa mawonekedwe. Anthu akuluakulu kwambiri amakhala ndi nthongo yomwe imatalika kuposa 30 cm.
Chiphuphucho chimapezeka pakhungu la nsomba pafupifupi pakati pakachira ndipo ili ndi nsonga yolowera kumbuyo.
Pansi pa kanyumbako pali poyambira, pomwe pansi pake pali zotulutsa zapoizoni zomwe zimabisira poizoni. Kunja, kanyumba kamakutidwa ndi chipolopolo, chomwe ndi khungu loonda. A poizoni amadziunjikiramo.
Wogwiritsa ntchito stingray amagwiritsa ntchito chida chake choopsa pongofuna kudziteteza.
Singano yovekedwa ngati chiwombankhanga imakhazikika mchira. Pakadali paukali, chingwe chija chimenya ndi mchira wake, ndikuyendetsa chinsalu. Mphamvu yamomwe imakhudzidwayo imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuti singano imabowola nsapato zachikopa ndikulowera mu phazi la munthu amene wakhudza nsomba.
Yang'anani! Poizoni wa Stingray ndi woopsa kwambiri. Amayambitsa kuponderezana mwa ovulala, limodzi ndi zowawa. Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumatsika, kugunda kwa mtima kumafulumizitsa, kusanza kumawonedwa. Kuchitika kwa minofu yolumala sikumatsutsidwa, ndipo nthawi zina stringray imatha kupha.
Kodi pali mbola pakati pa Nyanja Yakuda
Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala ndi stingray ndiye mzere wonse wam'mphepete mwa Europe kuchokera pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Baltic kupita ku Strait of Gibraltar ndikupitilira m'mphepete mwa gombe la Africa kupita ku Senegal.Komanso mbola zimapezeka m'madzi a Mediterranean ndi Nyanja ya Marmara, ku Atlantic.
Pa gawo la Russia, stingrays stingrays amakhala ku Black Sea komanso Nyanja ya Azov. Zofananira za Black Sea ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamiyala yam'nyanja.
Mu Nyanja Yakuda pali mitundu iwiri ya stingrays. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi nkhandwe yam'madzi. Ambiri aiwo amakhala m'madzi a Black Sea pafupi ndi Anapa.
Mtundu wina ndi Nyanja Yakuda stingray stingray. Amatchedwanso mphaka wa kunyanja.
Masisitere ndi poyizoni
Kuphatikiza pa chakuti nthongo ndi chida chakumaso chowopsa, imatulutsanso poizoni, yomwe imakhala m'matumbo apadera. Kulowa m'mwazi wa wozunzidwayo, poyizoni wa mbola:
- zimayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri kwa spasmodic
- imachepetsa kwambiri kupsinjika, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kufooka, kuzizira, kusanza, kuzindikira.
- imathandizira kwambiri zamkati,
- kumabweretsa minofu ziwalo.
Ngati munthu walandidwa ndi stingray-stingray pansi pamadzi, iyemwini sangathe kusambira, chifukwa zizindikiro za kuledzera zimayamba mwachangu. Ndipo motero, kumenyedwa kwa chingwe kungaphe.
Zinali zochokera kukokomeza komwe stingray-stingray adatulutsa yemwe ndi wodziwika wachilengedwe komanso TV waku Steve Steve Irwin.
Poizoni wokhala ndi chingwe chakufa ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu. Amwenye aku North America adadziwa za malowa ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito zonunkha zokha, zokhala ndi poyizoni, ngati nsonga ya nthungo kapena muvi.
Choyamba thandizo poizoni poizoni
Choyamba tiyeni tidziwe zoyenera kuchita mwatsatanetsatane ASATSITSE .
Chifukwa chake, ndi kuledzera ndi poyizoni stingray-stingray ASATSITSE :
- Yesetsani kuthana ndi chofiyacho kapena chepetsani kuti muchichotse.
- Musatenthe bala ndi ayodini kapena ena okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
- Simungamwe mowa, chifukwa izi zimakulitsa kutuluka kwa magazi ndipo chiphe chake chidzafalikira mthupi lonse.
- Osasamba bala ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena othandizira ena monga mandimu.
Kodi ndingathandize bwanji oyambitsiridwa?
- Ndikofunikira kuyamwa poyizoni pachilondacho. Izi ndi zofunika kuchita makamaka mphindi 10, wodwalayo atalandira munga. Tsuka mkamwa ndi madzi oyera kapena potaziyamu permanganate. Mwachilengedwe, pakakhumba, poizoniyo akuyenera kutuluka.
- Mukafunikira kutsuka bwino bala ndi madzi, mutha ngakhale kunyanja. Izi zithandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni.
- Chotsani kangaude mosamala. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyitumiza kaye, kenako ndikusuntha.
- Ndikofunikira kuyika ulendo wapamwamba pamtunda wa chilondacho kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa poizoni ndi magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, dzanja lomwe lakhudzidwa liyenera kumizidwa m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 30. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuwonjezera 3% ya magnesium sulfate kumadzi. KUMBUKIRANI kuti maulendo obwereza azimasulidwa ndikuwamanganso mphindi khumi zilizonse kuti asafalitse zombozo.
- Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kuyika kuvala kwamtundu wa antiseptic ndikulimbitsa thupi.
Kanema wokhala ndi stingray mu Nyanja Yofiyira:
Mitundu ya mbola
Pali pafupifupi mitundu 80 ya mbola, yomwe kutalika kwake kumafika mpaka 4,4 metres:
Chodziwika kwambiri cha ma stingrans aku Europe ndi mphaka wam'nyanja. Imapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Atlantic, osati kutali ndi Britain ndi gombe la Spain. Komanso, malo omwe amphaka am'nyanja ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
M'madzi am'madzi a South ndi North America, pali mtundu wina wa nsomba womwe umapezeka - American stingray. Palinso ma stingrays amtsinje omwe amakhala mkamwa mwa mitsinje yamadzi oyera.
Kodi ndizotheka kudya Black Sea stingray
The Black Sea stingray ndi nsomba yayikulu yayitali, wachibale wapafupi ndi shaki, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi stingray iliyonse. Ma stingrays a Nyanja Yakuda adapeza dzinali chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala, ngakhale mitundu ina yamtunduwu imatha kupezeka munyanja zina (mwachitsanzo, munyanja za Azov, Baltic ndi Mediterranean). Amadziwika kuti nyama ya stingray ndiyabwino kudya. Kodi ndizotheka kudya Black Sea stingray? M'malo mwake, ndizotheka, koma osati nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse bwino.
Masamba a Black Sea agawika mitundu, otchuka kwambiri omwe ali stingray ndi nsomba za nkhandwe (dzina lina ndi nkhandwe ya mnyanja). Mbali yodziwika bwino ya stingray stingray ndi nthomba ya poizoni pamchira, yomwe imateteza ngati pakufunika. Kwa anthu, kupweteka kotereku kumakhala koopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti ziwalo za minofu ziwonongeke, muzoopsa zimayambitsa kulumala kapena ngakhale kufa. Koma nkhandwe yam'madzi ndi nsomba zabwino. Mosiyana ndi mbola, nyama yake, yomwe ndi mapiko ndi chiwindi, ndi yoyenera kudya.
Ndiye, kwenikweni, ndizotheka kudya nyama ya Black Sea stingray kapena ayi? Inde Inde ndizotheka, koma mitundu yokhayo ngati nkhandwe yam'nyanja. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nyama ya stingray iyi siyowopsa kwa anthu, kuphatikiza apo, ndiyothandiza. Choyambirira, kufunikira kwake kumagona chifukwa chakuti ali ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amathandiza kukonza chimbudzi. Komanso, nyama ya stingray ilinso ndi zinthu zina za ayodini (ayodini, magnesium, potaziyamu, ndi zina zambiri) zofunikira paumoyo wa anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chimathandizira kukhazikitsa maselo ndi mpweya, chimalepheretsa kuwoneka ngati kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika, ndipo zinc imayendetsa kayendedwe ka magazi ndipo imakhala ndi phindu pa thanzi la retina. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya stingray ndiyoyenera anthu ambiri, chifukwa imangokhala ndi mafuta 1% pama gramu 100 a kulemera (kuyerekezera, nsomba yomwe sikuti amaonedwa kuti ndi mafuta imaperekedwa: flounder - 3% pa 100g, tuna - 3.9% pa 100g ) Chiwindi chakuda stingray chimawoneka ngati chopatsa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi vitamini A, yemwe ali ndi phindu pamawonedwe a anthu, komanso amalimbikitsanso kukonzanso khungu.
KOMA! Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika a m'mimba komanso zilonda zam'mimba ayenera kupewa kudya nyama ya stingray.
Titaganiza za mtundu wanji womwe ungadye Nyanja Yakuda, funso linanso likuti: Kodi ndizosavuta kuphika? Komabe, musanapitilize kuphika mwachindunji, muyenera kuchotsa kunenepa kwa khungu.
Kodi kudula stingray?
Chovuta chachikulu mukadula stingray ndikuchotsa khungu, chifukwa ndilokhalitsa. Katunduyu amalola kugwiritsa ntchito chikopa cha stingray popanga zida zosiyanasiyana, zikwama, ndolo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nsapato.
Gawo 1: Choyamba muyenera kupanga chiseyezo chokhala mbali mbali zonse ziwiri. Mabala sayenera kukhala ozama kwambiri, chifukwa amangofunikira kuchotsa khungu,
Gawo 2: Timapanga zomwezo pamapiko (zidutswa 3-4). Ziyenera kukhala zofananira ndi zolembedwa pokwera,
Gawo 3: Vulani khungu. (Mutha kuchotsa khungu mosavuta m'mapiko ndi pliers)
Zofunika!
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma spikes akuthwa pakhungu la stingray omwe amatha kuvulaza manja. Kuti muchotse ma spikes, muyenera kuthira madzi otentha pa stingray. Pambuyo pake, amatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi mpeni.
Gawo 4: Kuyambira mchokwera, chotsani khungu, kudula mphuno ndi kumtunda kwa chigaza, chotsani mchira,
Gawo 5: Kuti mumatumbo, muyenera kuyambitsa m'mimba,
Gawo 6: Timatsuka stingray pansi pa madzi kuti tichotse ntchofu.
Mutha kuyamba kuphika.
Kodi kuphika?
M'malo mwake, pali maphikidwe angapo ophika nsomba za nkhandwe. Msuzi onse ndi katsabola amapangidwa kuchokera ku nyama ya Black Sea stingray, nsomba zabwino kwambiri zimakonzedwa, mutha kuziwaza mwachisawawa, ndipo pafupifupi phokoso lokoma kwambiri limapezeka ku chiwindi! Ndi chikhumbo chachikulu, maphikidwe onse amapezeka mosavuta pa intaneti.
Malangizo:
- Ngati mukufuna kuphika ndi stingray, ndiye kuti choyamba muyenera kutsatira chisankho chake: m'mimba mwa stingray muzikhala yoyera (pamimba chikaso chikusonyeza kuwala kw nsomba),
- Popeza nyama ya stingray imakhala kuchokera ku 1.2% mpaka 2% urea, nyama imatha kupeza fungo la ammonia panthawi yothandizira kutentha kapena kusungirako kwakutali. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kuyeretsa stingray kuchokera mkati mwachangu momwe mungathere. Ndikwabwino kuzichita bwino m'sitolo (kufunsa ogulitsa),
- Ngati mumagula nsomba m'misika yayikulu - yesani kusankha nsomba zamoyo. Chifukwa chake nyama idzakhala yatsopano kwambiri.
Nsomba za nkhandwe ndizakudya zomwe munthu aliyense amatha kuphika m'khitchini yawo. Chifukwa chake pitani patsogolo ndikusangalala!
Mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, zakudya
Nkhandwe yakuda ndi ya mitu ya nthomba. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti dzinalo siliperekedwa mwamwayi.
Malo otsetsereka amakhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya (disk), lomwe m'lifupi mwake limaposa kutalika
Mutu wosalala wokhala ndi mutu wowoneka bwino ndi umodzi ndi thupi. Kumbali zonse za mutu kumapezeka zipsepse zolemekezeka kwambiri, zophatikizidwa kumapeto ndi thupi. Kusunthira, dambali limapangitsa kuyenda kwa zipsepse ngati chikumbutso cha mapiko a mbalame.
Woimira banja lakale kwambiri la nsomba zamatumbo amadziwikanso kuti prickly kapena prickly stingray. Mbali yakumtunda ya akulu akulu kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapeto kwachiwiri imaphimbidwa ndi ma spickly spines ambiri (chiwerengero chawo chimasiyana kuchokera pa 24 mpaka 32). Pakati pawo, minga yaying'ono imabalalika. Malo osowa okhala ndi zotupa ali pansi pa dambwe.
Mchira wawutali, wosalala pang'ono umapangidwa kuti uzitha kudziteteza. Imakutidwa m'mizere itatu ndimatumba a prickly, ndipo pali ziwalo zamagetsi m'mphepete, koma mphamvu zawo sizili zazikulu.
Komabe, njirayo ilibe adani oopsa, asodzi amatha kuukira anthu ochepa.
Mtundu wa nsomba za nkhandwe zimatengera malo ndi kuya komwe zimakhala. Ma stingrays omwe amakhala akuya kupitirira 100 metre amakhala ndi imvi, nthawi zina amakhala wachikasu, wokongoletsedwa ndi malo akuda kapena awiri. Gawo lotsikirako nthawi zambiri limakhala loyera kapena beige wopepuka, wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso malo amtsitsi opepuka.
Ankhandwe am'nyanja ndi nsomba zapansi. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi nkhanu, nsomba (merlang, hamsa, ma mackerel), nyongolotsi zam'madzi, ma mollusks. Achinyamata amadya pa benthos.
Chingwe chomenyera pansi chimatha kuteteza kupanga kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuyika m'manda panthaka yofewa
Kusaka kwa Stingray ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Nsomba za Fox zimakhala ndi masomphenya opangidwa bwino. Maso ake ali kumtunda kwa diski, ndipo kamwa yake ili m'munsi. Maonekedwe a thupi samakulolani kuti muwone ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagwira nyama. Kusokonekera kumalipiridwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma elekitirodi a electroreception, omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zotheka kutulutsa zikwangwani zochokera kwa anthu okhala mdimba woyandama (mwachitsanzo, kupindika kwa minofu yopuma). Poona momwe chakudya chitha kugwera, malo otsetsereka amayimilira pobisalira, kuyesa kukhala pamwamba pa womenyedwayo, kenako mwadzidzidzi amagwa ndikuigwira.
Mano okhathamira, ngati grater, amapera chakudya.
Kuphika nkhandwe
Nkhandwe yakuda imadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chabwino. Nyama yake imakhala ndi mafuta 1% okha. Zakudya za Stingray zimakoma ngati mukudziwa kuphika.
Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi za nsomba za halibut
Choyamba muyenera kupha nsomba moyenera:
- Chotsani ntchofu wophimba khungu lanu potsetsereka ndi mpeni, kenako muzitsuka ndi mtembo pansi pamadzi ndikuchotsa khungu.
- Tsegulani peritoneum mosamala, tulutsani chiwindi ndikutsikira mumadzi amchere,
- Chotsani ndulu, ndikutsukanso nsomba bwino,
- kudula mchira
- Dulani zipsepizo mozungulira muzing'onoting'ono, kuyambira kumutu,
- chotsani mutu.
Tcherani khutu! Nyama ya stingray imakhala ndi fungo linalake. Mutha kukonza vutoli poyimilira kwa ola limodzi m'madzi amchere ozizira musanawonjezere madzi a mandimu 1.
- sakanizani ufa ndi nthangala za sesame,
- kutentha mafuta mu poto
- falitsani mapiko a stingray mu ufa ndi mwachangu mbali zonse ziwiri pamatenthedwe mpaka golide wagolide,
- kuphimba poto, simmer ndi stingray pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi 5. Tsabola nyama, mchere ndi mphodza kwa mphindi imodzi.
Zakudya zama calorie ochepera komanso nyama yathanzi ya Black Sea stingray tikulimbikitsidwa kuti iziphatikizidwa muzakudya
Chiwindi cha nsomba za nkhandwe imakhala ndi mafuta mpaka 68%. Muli mavitamini A ndi B3, ochepa komanso apamwamba.
Chiwindi chimakutidwa ngati mapiko. Onjezani mafuta pang'ono poto, chifukwa mankhwalawo pawokha ndi mafuta ambiri.
Tcherani khutu! Mafuta a chiwindi amatha kusungidwa kuchokera poto wokazinga mumtsuko ndikuwamwa supuni 1 tsiku lililonse ngati mankhwala olimbikitsira mtima ndi kupangitsa kuti mafuta akhale ndi mafuta ambiri. Sungani botolo mufiriji.
Phukusi labwino limakonzedwa ku chiwindi:
- viyikani chiwindi m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 5,
- anyezi wosankhidwa ndi mwachangu,
- wiritsani mazira 4 (ndi mazira okha adzafunika),
- phatikizani zigawo zonse ndi phala kukhala boma labwino. Onjezani mchere ndi tsabola kuti mulawe, sakanizaninso.
Pate iyenera kuloledwa kuti ipange mufiriji kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Amachiphatikiza ndi mkate wa rye, zitsamba, tomato.
Osathamangira kuponyera mutu pamalo otsetsereka. Amakhala khutu lolemera.
Liti ndi kuti kuti mugwire mbola ku Nyanja Yakuda
Kuderalo lathu, nthawi yosambira ndiyotsika koyambira kuyambira Juni mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Komabe, mwezi wopambana kwambiri wa usodzi ndi Ogasiti. Dambali limakonda kwambiri madzi ofunda, choncho limayesetsa kuti lizigwira ngakhale pakhale madzi ozizira pansi, pamtunda wamadzi pansi pa 18 ° C palibe chifukwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikupita kukasodza pa ramp, onetsetsani kuti mwawonetseratu.
Ma stingraw ndiofala pagombe lonse la Nyanja Yakuda, koma amakonda malo omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe, komwe mungadye m'madzi osaya. Monga lamulo, nthumwi izi za nsomba za cartilaginous zimakonda kuya kuya kwa mita 5 mpaka 15, kuthera nthawi yambiri atayikidwa mumchenga, kupewa phokoso komanso magombe odzala.
Masana, muyenera kugwira choziziracho pakuzama, ndipo usiku mutha kuthanso ku pier. Ndikwabwino kugwira ndodo 2-3 kuchokera pagawo nthawi yomweyo, kuya kolonjeza malo owedza kuyenera kukhala osachepera mita asanu ndipo kuponyera kuyenera kuchitika kutali. Ma stingrays amakonda mchenga waukulu pansi pamadzi kapena "glade" yomwe ili pakati pa zitunda za miyala. Nthawi zambiri amatha kufikira m'matanthwe a pansi pa madzi, ndi zitunda zokha, ndipo ngakhale panjira, pofunafuna nyama, yomwe imasankha malo awa pogona.
Mbizi za mnyanja kapena prickly stingray
Stingrays imalowetsanso mitsinje, yomwe imalumikizidwa molunjika kunyanja, komwe nthawi zambiri imakhala nsomba za asodzi omwe amagwira ma boti kuchokera ku mabwato.
Ngati mukupeza stingray-stingray, makamaka mphaka wam'madzi, ndiye kuti musamale kwambiri, chifukwa chishango chake chakupha ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri chomwe muyenera kusamala nacho. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizisomba munjanji iyi kuchokera kubwato la mphira, chifukwa chimatha kubowera mbali ndi nthiti yake. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukuyang'anizana ndi zoterezi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudule mzerewo musanafike poti stingray iwononge gulu lowononga.
Ngati mungaganize zokweza chingwe kuchokera m'bwatolo kapena bwato, ndiye kuti magiya siosiyana kwambiri ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa. Chokhacho chomwe chiri bwino kwa usodzi wotere ndi ndodo yofupikirako ndi chopondera pambiri.
Nyambo
Nyambo yabwino kwambiri ya stingrays ndi nsomba yaying'ono, monga goby. Ndikwabwino kubzala ng'ombe yaying'ono yamphongo yonse - motere imasinthidwa nyambo, ndikudula zitsanzo zazikulu ndikuziika mbedza.
Kuphatikiza pa goby, monga nyambo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito shrimp, mussels, squid, nkhanu. Koma, monga momwe masewera akuwonetsera, zomwe zikupangidwabe ndizabwinobe makamaka kwa mbola (panyanja) ndi mphaka wam'nyanja. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kuti nyambo igundidwe ndi nsomba ina njere isanayipeze.
Kutsetsereka mukaluma kumakoka ndodo yanu m'madzi, onetsetsani kuti mwamasula chingwe cholumikizira. Ndikothekanso kukonza kuluma mothandizirana ndi kakhodi kakulidwe kamakasaka, komanso phulusa la coil.
Pambuyo pakuvula, stingray imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunthire mzerewo ndikukoka, ndiye mwadzidzidzi imayamba kupita kutsogolo kapena kumbali. Chifukwa chake, ntchito ya Clutch ndiyofunika kwambiri.
Pofuna kukoka nsomba kupita ku pier, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mita ya talisman pa mita pa chingwe chachitali. Popeza mwatsogolera kanjira pansi pa pieryo, ndikugwira ndi mbale yaying'ono kuchokera pansi. Chokole ndi mbewa yokhala ndi chogwirizira yayitali sichimapwetekanso.
Malangizo osamala!
Mchira wa spiky (wotsetsereka bwino) ulibe minga zapoizoni, ngakhale ungakuvulaze ndi minga yake, yomwe imakongoletsa thupi lake mokwanira.Koma stingray-stingray (mphaka wa kunyanja) ili ndi zida zambiri komanso zowopsa, chifukwa chake pamakina ake pamakhala chinsalu ndi mchira woopsa. Amatha kukuvulazani kwambiri, choncho samalani kwambiri mukapita kukagwira mbola, chifukwa amatha kubaya khungu, komanso nsapato.
Stingray Stingray Thorn singano
Odwala pambuyo pobayira jekeseni ndi kangaude, ululu woyaka umawoneka pamalo a chotupa, omwe pang'onopang'ono amafalikira thupi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutupa kwa miyendo, nseru, chizungulire, mpaka kutha kwa chikumbumtima.
Kuti mudziteteze, ndikofunikira kuti njirayo ikakokedwa kumtunda, ikanikizeni ndi chinthu ndikudula kapena kudula mchira.
Ngati, komabe, stingray ikuvulaza, tsirizani kusodza ndipo nthawi yomweyo chiritsani zilondazo ndi mowa ndikufunsani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
"Kusaka" kwathu kwa nkhandwe yapanyanja kudachita bwino!
Mu Nyanja Yakuda kulibe zoopsa, m'lingaliro lakale la mawu, okhala. Palibe nsomba zikuluzikulu, nsomba zam'madzi zapoizoni kapena nyama zofananira zam'madzi, koma pali zina zomwe zingavulaze munthu ndipo muyenera kudziwa za iwo. Okhala m'Nyanja Yakuda akuphatikizidwa ndi stingray-stingray kapena mphaka wanyanja (Dasyatis pastinaca), amatchedwa nsomba zamatumbo a banja la stingray.
Malo otsetsereka oterewa ndi 70 cm (pali anthu ena ndi ochulukirapo, koma osati mu Nyanja Yakuda). Amakhala pansi, pansi ndikupeza chakudya - tinsomba tating'ono tating'ono, crustaceans, mollusks, kotero pakamwa pawo pamakhala pansipa ndipo ali ndi mano osalala, omwe amatha kuthira zipolopolo. Dambali lili ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso otambalala, maso ndi makutu ali pamwamba. Mtundu wake imakhala imvi kwambiri kapena yaimvi, gawo lakelo ndi loyera. Thupi la njirayo ndi losalala popanda ma spines, koma pali mchira wautali ndi spike. Ma stingrays ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zopanga; nthawi yakucha imafika miyezi inayi. Zachikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna zazing'ono, zimapanga ana anayi mpaka 12, mu Black Sea kuyambira Juni mpaka Julayi. Zitsamba zimabadwa mu mawonekedwe okukulungika ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawongoka, kamodzi m'madzi. Chingwe chimasambira chokhala ngati funde, chikugwedeza mbali zazikulu za thupi lake. Malo owoneka bwino otsetsereka m'malo moyang'ana pansi. Ndikukwera chonchi, iye amatenga mchenga ndi silika, kenako amapeza chakudya. Malo otsetsereka amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, kunyamula mchenga amadzipukusa okha ndikuwoneka.
Ku Sevastopol, stingrays pafupi ndi gombe samakonda kuyandikira, amapewa phokoso ndipo ndizosatheka kuti akumane nawo pafupi ndi gombe. Koma muyenera kusamala, makamaka mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira pamagombe opanda madzi. Mu Nyanja Yakuda, mutha kukumana nayo pansi pamadzi pomwe scuba ikubizika akuya kwa 5 mita ndikuzama, koma kutentha kwa madzi sikuyenera kupitirira +18 madigiri, kutentha kwa madzi kwa +12 mpaka +16 digrii kuthekera kokukumana nawo kukukulirakulira.
Choopsa cha stingray iyi chagona mchira wake ndi chinsalu chokhala ngati chiwombankhanga, koma sichikhala chonyansa chokha koma choopsa, koma poizoni, yemwe amapangidwa ndi timinyewa tambiri ndikulowa minofu yaanthu tikamenyedwa ndi mchira. Ngati mukukonzekera kumenya nkhondo imodzi ndi zingwe, dziwani kuti ndiwofatsa m'ngala yake, ndipo mutha kuyigwira paliponse ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumenya. Suti yakuda yamatumbo imadula mosavuta! Zizindikiro za poizoni zimaphatikizapo kugunda kwapang'onopang'ono, kupumira msanga, kulephera kwa mtima, kutsika kwa magazi, komanso redness ndi kutupa pamalo a zotupa, limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri. Thandizo loyamba - tsitsani chilondacho ndi ammonia ndipo pitani kuchipatala msanga.
Owopsa kwambiri ndikuwopsezedwa ndi stingray kulowa m'chifuwa, zidachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe mtolankhani wotchuka wa pa TV waku Australia komanso wazachilengedwe Steve Irwin (mlenje wa ng'ona) adamwalira. Izi zidachitika panthawi yojambula filimuyo patali ndizotheka kupeza chithandizo chanthawi yake. Chotsimikizika ndichakuti mphaka wa ku Nyanja Yakuda ndi wamanyazi kwambiri ndipo sililola kuti mitundu yambiri iziyandikira yokha. Poyamba, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti mumupeze pansi pamadzi, koma m'malo mwake, yesani kuyandikira kwa iye, osayendetsa modzidzimutsa.
Ndidakwanitsa kuwombera kanema wokongola uyu mchaka. Ndinaugwira mbola iyi kuti ndidye, chifukwa chake adandilola kuti ndiyandikire.
Anthu ena oopsa okhala m'madzi a Nyanja Yakuda.
Nyanja Chinjoka StargazerBlack ScorpionMedusa Cornerot