Komodo buluzi , kapena Giant indonesian polozera buluzi , kapena Komodos amayang'anira buluzi (lat. Varanus komodoensis ) - Mtundu wa zokwawa (lat. Reptilia ) kuchokera ku banja la abuluzi Varanidae ).

[edit] Tchulani dzina ndi chiyambi

Buluzi wa Komodo ndiye buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ili ndi mayina ambiri -

• bulu wa chilumba cha Komodo,
• Chinjoka cha Komodo, ndipo anthu akumderalo amamuyitana
• Ora kapena Buyaya Dratzomwe zikutanthauza "Ng'ona yachidwi".

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Mu Disembala 1910, akuluakulu achi Dutch pachilumba cha Java kuchokera kwa manejala wa chisumbu cha Flores (zachitukuko) a Stein van Hensbruck adalandira zidziwitso kuti zolengedwa zazikuluzikulu zomwe sizimadziwika ndi sayansi zimakhala kuzilumba zakunja kwa zilumba zazing'ono za Sunda.

Lipoti la Van Stein linati kufupi ndi Labuan Badi pachilumba cha Flores, komanso pachilumba chapafupi cha Komodo, nyama yamoyo, yomwe nzika zam'deralo zimatcha "buaya-darat", zomwe zikutanthauza "mamba padziko lapansi".

Zachidziwikire, mudaganiza kale kuti tidzakambirana ndani ...

Chithunzi 2.

Malinga ndi okhala m'derali, kutalika kwa zimphona zina kumafika mita 7, ndipo atatu- ndi mita-buoy-darat ndiofala. A Peter Owen, wogwirizira wa Butsnzorg Zoological Museum ku Botanical Park ku West Java Province, nthawi yomweyo adalowa m'makalata ndi kazembe wa pachilumbacho ndipo adamupempha kuti apange zojambula zothamangitsira anthu kuti apange chinyama chomwe sichimadziwika ndi sayansi ya ku Europe.

Izi zinali zotheka kutero, ngakhale buluzi woyamba kugwidwa anali wa 2m kutalika 20 cm. Hensbrook adatumiza khungu lake ndi zithunzi kwa Owens. M'makalata omwe adatsagana nawo, adanena kuti ayesa kugwira chithunzi chokulirapo, ngakhale izi sizinali zophweka, chifukwa nzika zake zidali ndi mantha chifukwa cha izi. Atazindikira kuti malo osungira zinthu zakale kwambiri sizinali nthano, Zoological Museum inatumiza katswiri wosaka nyama ku Flores. Zotsatira zake, anthu ogwira ntchito yosungiramo zinthu zakale anakwanitsa kutulutsa "ng'ona" zinayi, kutalika kwake kukhala pafupifupi atatu.

Chithunzi 3.

Mu 1912, a Peter Owen adasindikiza nkhani yokhudza kupezeka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya zinyama mu Bulletin of the Botanical Garden, natcha nyama yosadziwika ndi kangaude chifuwa cha zotungira (Varanus komodoensis otuluka) Pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti abuluzi wamkulu wowonera samapezeka ku Komodo kokha, komanso kuzilumba zazing'ono za Ritya ndi Padar, zomwe zili kumadzulo kwa Flores. Kusanthula mosamala zakale za sultanate kunawonetsa kuti nyamayi inatchulidwa zakale kuyambira 1840.

Nkhondo Yoyamba Yadziko Lonse idakakamiza kusiya kafukufuku, ndipo patatha zaka 12 zokha chidwi cha buluzi wa Komodo chidayambiranso. Tsopano, ofufuza apakati pa nyama ikuluikuluyi ndi akatswiri a zinyama zaku US. Mu Chingerezi, nyama yodzikongoletsera iyi idadziwika kuti chinjoka chovala (comodo chinjoka). Kwa nthawi yoyamba, munthu wamoyo adalowedwa m'malo ndi Douglas Barden mu 1926. Kuphatikiza pa zoyerekeza ziwiri zokha, Barden adabweretsanso nyama 12 zonyamula mafuta ku United States, zitatu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ku American Museum of Natural History ku New York.

Chithunzi 4.

Komodo National Park yotetezedwa ndi UNESCO (Komodo National Park), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 1980, ili ndi gulu la zilumba zokhala ndi madzi ofunda oyandikana ndi miyala yamiyala yamakhoma yomwe ili ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 170,000.
Zilumba za Komodo ndi Rincha ndizazikulu kwambiri pamalo osungirako. Zachidziwikire, kutchuka kwakukulu kwa pakiyo ndi abuluzi a Komodo. Komabe, alendo ambiri amabwera kuno kudzawona zomera zapadziko lapansi komanso zam'madzi ndi nyama za Komodo. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya nsomba. M'nyanja, muli mitundu 260 ya miyala yam'matanthwe, mitundu 70 ya siponji.
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe amakhalanso ndi nyama monga zambar zodalapo, njati zam'madzi zaku Asia, buaralo wamtchire, ndi macaque aku Javanese.

Chithunzi 5.

Anali Barden yemwe anakhazikitsa kukula kwa nyamazo ndikutsutsana ndi nthano ya zimphona zamtunda zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zidapezeka kuti abambo samakonda kupitirira mita atatu, ndipo zazikazi ndizocheperako, kutalika kwake sikupitilira mita ziwiri.

Zaka zambiri zofufuzira zalola kuphunzira bwino za zizolowezi ndi zochita za nyama zazikulu kwambiri. Zinapezeka kuti a Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi, monga nyama zina zamagazi ozizira, amangogwira kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 m'mawa komanso kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 madzulo. Amakonda malo owuma, osawoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa kumapiri, malo owuma, komanso nkhalango zowuma.

Chithunzi 6.

M'nyengo yotentha (Meyi - Okutobala), nthawi zambiri amatsata mitsinje yowuma ya nkhalango. Nyama zazing'ono zimatha kukwera bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali pamitengo, komwe zimapeza chakudya, komanso, kupulumukira kwa abale awo achikulire. Buluzi wama phukusi wamkulu ndi anyani, ndipo akuluakulu, nthawi zina, sangaphonye mwayi wosangalala ndi abale ang'onoang'ono. Monga malo obisalamo kutentha ndi kuzizira, abuluzi amagwiritsa ntchito kamakumba kamitunda 1-5 mita, komwe amakumba ndi malamba olimba okhala ndi zibwano zazitali, zokutidwa ndi lakuthwa. Nthawi zambiri mitengo yake imakhala malo osungirako ana abuluzi owunika.

Komodo dragons, ngakhale ndi kukula komanso kunenepa kwambiri, ndi othamanga bwino. M'malo afupipafupi, zapambuyo zimatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 20, ndipo pamtunda wautali kuthamanga kwawo ndi 10 km / h. Kuti mupeze chakudya pamtunda (mwachitsanzo, pamtengo), abuluzi amatha kuyimilira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati thandizo. Zodzoladzola zimakhala ndi kumva bwino, masomphenya akuthwa, koma lingaliro lawo lofunikira kwambiri ndikumveka kafungo. Izi zikuluzikulu zimatha kununkhira carrion kapena magazi pamtunda wamakilomita 11.

Chithunzi 7.

Ambiri mwa abuluzi owunikira amakhala kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Flores Islands - pafupifupi 2,000. Pafupifupi 1,000 amakhala ku Komodo ndi Rincha, ndipo anthu 100 okha ndi omwe amakhala pazilumba zazing'ono kwambiri za magulu a Gili Motang ndi Nusa Koda.

Nthawi yomweyo, zidadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa abuluzi kuwunika ndikutsika anthu pang'onopang'ono. Iwo ati chifukwa chomwe kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu osadzitchinjiriza pachilumbachi chifukwa chakuwombera ndiye chifukwa chake abuluzi amakakamizidwa kusinthana ndi chakudya chochepa.

Chithunzi 8.

Mwa mitundu yamakono, chinjoka chokha cha Komodo Island ndi ng'ona zimayang'anira zazikulu zomwe zimagunda zazikulu. Khwangwala wowona ng'ona ali ndi mano aatali kwambiri komanso owongoka. Ichi ndi chipangizo chofuna kusinthika kwa kudyetsa bwino kwa mbalame (kuboola nthenga zowonda). Alinso ndi misewu yolowera, ndipo mano a kumtunda ndi kutsika kwambiri amatha kuchita ngati lumo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamagwetse nyama yomwe ili pamtengo, pomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Mankhwala okhala ndi mano ndi abuluzi woopsa. Masiku ano, amadziwika ndi mitundu iwiri - chilombo ndi eskorpion. Amakhala makamaka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi Mexico kumapiri kwamiyala, kumapeto ndi zipululu. Ma Venomotopes amagwira ntchito kwambiri masika, chakudya chawo chomwe amawakonda - mazira a mbalame. Amadyetsanso tizilombo, abuluzi ang'ono ndi njoka. Poizoniyo amapangidwa ndi timabowo tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono ndipo timayenderera mpaka kukafika mano a nsagwada yapansi. Pakulumwa, mano a mano opweteka - atali komanso opindika kumbuyo - amalowa m'thupi la wozunzidwayo pafupifupi theka la sentimita.

Chithunzi 9.

Mndandanda wazowunikira ukuphatikizapo nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amadya chilichonse: tizilombo tambiri ndi mphutsi zake, akhwangwala ndi nsomba zoponyedwa ndi mkuntho, makoswe. Ngakhale abuluzi amabadwa akuwombera, alinso osaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri nyama zazikulu zimakhala zolanda: nkhumba zakutchire, agalu, agalu, mbuzi zapakhomo ndi zopanda fodya ngakhale zikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu za zisumbuzi - njati zam'madzi zaku Asia.
Ziwombankhanga zikuluzikulu sizithamangitsa nyama yawo, koma imabe ndikuigwira ikadzayandikira.

Chithunzi 10.

Mukasaka nyama zazikulu, zokwawa zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera. Akuluakulu owunika abuluzi, kuchoka m'nkhalangomo, amapita kokadyetsa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi ndi nthawi kukaima ndikugwa pansi, ngati akuwona kuti ikopa chidwi chawo. Amatha kugwetsa nkhumba zakuthengo ndikuguguda mchira wawo, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mano - ndikuluma kamodzi kumapazi a nyama. Apa ndipamene kupambana kumakhalapo. Kupatula apo, "chida chachilengedwe" cha chinjoka cha Komodo tsopano chakhazikitsidwa.

Chithunzi 11.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, ankakhulupirira kuti wophedwayo adaphedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'manja mwa buluzi. Koma mu 2009, asayansi adawona kuti kuphatikiza pa "tambala wakupha" wa mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mavairasi opezeka malovu, momwe abuluzi amawayang'anira sangaberekedwe, ndi oopsa.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi a Bryan Fry waku University of Queensland (Australia) awonetsa kuti sikunali kosiyana ndi nkhokwe zina za kuchuluka ndi mitundu ya mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka pachifuwa cha chifuwa cha zitseko.

Komanso, monga Fry amanenera, buluzi wa a Komodo ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri.

Abuluzi a Komodo omwe amakhala kuzilumba za Indonesia ndiomwe amadyetsa kwambiri pazilumba izi. Amadyera nkhumba, agwape ndi njati zamadzi. 75% ya nkhumba ndi agwada amafa chifukwa chakuluma kwa buluzi pambuyo pa mphindi 30 kuchokera ku magazi, enanso 15% - atatha maola 3-4 kuchokera ku poizoni yemwe amapezeka ndi tiziwalo tating'ono.

Nyama yayikulu - njati, itakhala kuti yagwedezeka ndi buluzi, nthawi zonse, ngakhale ili ndi mabala akuya kwambiri, imasiyanso amoyo. Kutsatira malingaliro ake, njati yolumidwa nthawi zambiri imayesa kuthawira ku madzi ofunda, omwe amakhala ndi mabakiteriya a anaerobic, ndipo kenako amwalira ndi matenda omwe amalowa ndi miyendo yake kudzera mabala.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka m'mkamwa mwa buluzi wa Komodo m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu, malinga ndi Fry, ndi matenda omwe amalowa mthupi lake ndi madzi akumwa akumwa. Kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriyawo sikokwanira kuti kumere kwa njati.

Chinjoka cha Komodo chili ndi tiziwopsezo tambiri tating'onoting'ono totsikira timene timapanga mapuloteni oyipa. Mapuloteni awa akalowa m'thupi la munthu wovutikayo, amalepheretsa magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso amathandizira kuti ziwalo za minofu ziwonjezeke komanso kukhazikika kwa hypothermia Chilichonse mokwanira chimachititsa kuti wodwalayo azidzidzimuka kapena asaone. Zowopsa za abuluzi a Komodo amayang'anira zakale kwambiri kuposa njoka zapoizoni. Tizilombo timeneti timapezeka pa nsagwada ya pansi pa ndulu zakumaso, timiyendo tawo timatseguka pansi pamano, ndipo sitinatulutsidwe kudzera m'misewu yapakati, ngati mano.

Chithunzi 12.

Pamkamwa pakamwa, poyizoni ndi malovu zimasakanikirana ndi zinyalala zakudya zomwe zimayamba kuvunda, ndikupanga chisakaniziro momwe mabakiteriya ambiri akufa omwe amafa. Koma izi sizinadabwitse asayansi, koma njira yoperekera poizoni. Zinakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzinthu zonse zoterezi monga zokwawa. M'malo mobaya ndi kumenya kamodzi ndi mano awo, ngati njoka zapoizoni, abuluzi amayenera kuwuponya pachilonda cha wozunzidwayo, akugwedezeka ndi nsagwada zawo. Kuyambika kumeneku kwathandiza kuti abuluzi azisamala kwambiri.

Chithunzi 14.

Pambuyo povulaza bwino, nthawi imayamba kugwira ntchito zapamwamba, ndipo mlenje amayenera kupitilira nthawi zonse kukalondera wozunzidwayo. Chilondacho sichichiritsa, nyama imayamba kufooka tsiku lililonse. Pakatha milungu iwiri, ngakhale nyama yayikulu monga njati ilibe mphamvu, miyendo yake imagwedezeka ndipo imagwa. Kwa buluzi inali nthawi ya phwando. Amayandikira pang'onopang'ono wovutayo ndi kuthamangira pomwepo. Achibale ake amathamangira kununkhira magazi. M'malo odyetsa, nthawi zambiri kumamenyana pakati pa amuna ofanana. Monga lamulo, ndi ankhanza, koma osaphetsa, monga zikuwonekera ndi zipsera zingapo pamthupi lawo.

Kwa anthu, mutu waukulu wokutidwa ndi chipolopolo, wokhala ndi maso osapweteka, osasunthika, pakamwa potseguka, komwe kamayamwa lilime loyenda bwino, lokhazikika, lokhazikika, lopindika komanso lopindika la utoto wakuda pamiyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali ndi mchira waukulu Ndi chifanizo chamoyo cha zifaniziro zachilendo zakutali. Munthu akhoza kudabwa ndi momwe zolengedwa zotere zimapezekera m'masiku athu ano mosasintha.

Chithunzi 15.

Akatswiri a Paleontologists amakhulupirira kuti zaka 5-10 miliyoni zapitazo, makolo a chinjoka cha Komodo adawoneka ku Australia. Kuganiza kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndikuti woyimira yekhayo odziwika kwambiri ndi Megalania prisca zazikuluzikulu kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 m ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 650-700 zidapezeka padziko lino. Megalania, ndi dzina lanyama lanyama lanyama lokha litha kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin kuti "tramp yakale kwambiri", adakonda, ngati buluzi wa Komodo, kuti azikhazikika m'malo obisalapo ndi m'nkhalango zowirira, komwe amasaka nyama zazikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo zazikulu kwambiri, monga ma diprodonts, zokwawa zosiyanasiyana ndi mbalame. Awa anali zolengedwa zazikulu zakupha zomwe zidakhalapo padziko lapansi.

Mwamwayi, nyama izi zinafa, koma chinjoka cha Komodo chinakhala malo awo, ndipo tsopano ndizobwezeretsa izi zomwe zimakopa anthu masauzande ambiri kuti abwere kuzilumba zoiwalidwa nthawi kuti adzawone oyimilira aposachedwa padziko lapansi mwachilengedwe.

Chithunzi 16.

Indonesia ili ndi zilumba 17,504, ngakhale izi sizili zomaliza. Boma la Indonesia ladziika okha ntchito yovuta kuyang'anira anthu onse, kupatula zilumba za Indonesia. Ndipo ndani akudziwa, mwina, kumapeto kwake, nyama zomwe sizikudziwika ndi anthu zimapezeka, ngakhale sizili zowopsa ngati abuluzi a Komodo, koma zodabwitsa kwambiri!

Chithunzi 17.

Chithunzi 18.

Chithunzi 19.

Chithunzi 20.

Chithunzi 21.

Chithunzi 22.

Chithunzi 23.

Chithunzi 24.

Chithunzi 25.

Chithunzi 26.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Makulidwe apadera ndi gawo lalikulu la nyama zapamwamba izi. Kutalika, wamwamuna wamkulu amakula mpaka mamita 2.6. Zachikazi zimatalika mpaka 2.2 metres. Kulemera kwa chifuwa cha abuluzi amabwera 90 kg. Uwu ndi mbiri yojambulira yomwe amuna amatha. Akazi ndi opepuka, unyinji wawo sukuposa 70 kg. Anthu okhala kumalo osungira nyama ndi zokulirapo. Oyendetsa miyendo omwe ataya ufulu wawo, koma amalandila chakudya nthawi zonse amatha kukula mpaka 3 metres.

Buluzi wamkulu ndi fungo labwino. M'malo pamphuno, chilankhulacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza fungo. Zimafikitsa mamolekyu onunkhira kupita ku fungo. Buluzi amatenga kununkhira kwa mnofuyo mtunda wamakilomita angapo.

Mphamvu zotsalira sizikulira kwenikweni. Masomphenyawa amakulolani kuwona zinthu zomwe sizikupitilira 300 metres. Monga abuluzi ambiri, buluzi amene amakhala ndi buluziyo amakhala ndi ngalande ziwiri zomveka, koma zomvera imodzi. Zokwanira. Amakulolani kuti muzitha kudziwa maulendo mtunda wocheperako - kuyambira 400 mpaka 2000 hertz.

Kuposa mano 60 kumakhala mkamwa mwa buluyo. Palibe kutafuna. Zonse zimapangidwa kuti zigwetse mnofu. Ngati dzino layamba kutuluka kapena kusweka m'malo mwake, latsopano limakula. M'zaka za m'ma 2000, asayansi anapeza kuti mphamvu ya nsagwada za buluzi sizolimba monga, mwachitsanzo, ng'ona. Chifukwa chake, chiyembekezo chachikulu cha buluzi ndiko kupsa kwa mano ake.

Nyama za achikulire zopaka utoto wakuda. Mtundu wawukulu ndi wa bulauni ndi madontho achikasu. Khungu limakhala laling'ono la mafupa olimba - osteoderms. Chophimba chofiirira cha akambuku achichepere chimakongoletsedwa ndi mizere ya mawalo a lalanje ndi achikasu. Pakhosi ndi mchira, malo amakhala mikwingwirima.

Pakamwa lalikulu, lomwe silinagone konse, ndipo limasuntha nthawi zonse, lilime la foloko limayanjana ndi wakupha wankhanza. Kuchuluka kophatikizana sikuwonjezera chisoni: mutu waukulu, thupi lolemera, mchira wosakwanira buluzi.

Varan ndiye buluzi wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi

Ziwombankhanga zazikulu za Massodo Komodo sizimayenda mwachangu kwambiri: liwiro silidutsa 20 km / h. Koma ndi kulemera kwake konse, nyama zolusa ndizopanda pake komanso zopanda pake. Makhalidwe ochita zolimbitsa thupi amakulolani kusaka nyama mwachangu mwachangu, mwachitsanzo: zosavomerezeka.

Pothana ndi ozunzidwa, buluzi weniweniyo amavulala.Kupatula apo, amamenya kutali ndi zolengedwa zopanda chitetezo: nkhumba zamtchire, ng'ombe zamphongo, mamba. Nyama zoyamwitsa izi komanso zokwawa ndizovala bwino kwambiri ndi mano, mano, nyanga. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa buluzi woyang'anira. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe apeza kuti m'thupi la chinjokachi pamakhala ma antiseptics achilengedwe omwe amafulumira kuchiritsa mabala.

Giant kukula kwake kwa chifuwa - Mbali yayikulu ya nyama zapamwamba. Asayansi afotokoza kwanthaŵi yayitali kukhala pazilumbazi. Nthawi zina pakakhala chakudya ndipo palibe adani oyenera. Koma kafukufuku wambiri wapeza kuti Australia ndi komwe kunayambira chimphona chija.

Lilime ndilo gawo lodziwika kwambiri la owunika.

Mu 2009, gulu la asayansi a ku Malaysia, Indonesia, ndi Australia ku Queensland adapeza mbuto zakale. Mafupawo adawonetsa kuti awa anali mabondo a buluzi wa Komodo. Ngakhale buluzi waku Australia anatha zaka 30,000 asanafike nthawi yathu ino, kupezeka kwake kumatsutsa lingaliro lamphamvu la zisumbu za zilumba za Komodo.

[Sinthani] Chiyambi

Zoyambira buluzi wamkuluyu ndizobisika.

Pali mtundu wina woti bulu wa Komodo ndiye amatsogolera ng’ona yamakono. Akatswiri a Paleontologists adatsogolera mtunduwu kuti zaka 5 miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo, makolo a abuluzi a Komodo adawonekeranso ku Australia. Ndipo lingaliro ili limatsimikiziridwa ndi chowonadi chimodzi chofunikira: mafupa amodzi odziwika okha azithunzithunzi zazikulu amapezeka m'malo a Pleistocene ndi Pliocene aku Australia.

Amakhulupirira kuti zilumba zamapiri zitapangika ndikukhazikika, buluziyo adakhazikika pa iwo, makamaka pachilumba cha Komodo. Komabe, funso limadzuka: Kodi buluzi adafika bwanji pachilumbachi, chomwe chili pamtunda wa 500 mailosi kuchokera ku Australia? Yankho silinapezekebe, koma mpaka pano asodzi akuwopa kupita m'mbali mwa chilumba cha Komodo. Mwina "chinjoka" chidathandizidwa ndi mphamvu yam'nyanja.

Asayansi akuti masiku amenewo pachilumbachi ankakhala akambuku akuluakulu, njovu, zomwe kutalika kwake kunafika mita imodzi ndi theka. Ndikotheka, pankhaniyi, kuti makolo azikono zamakono amakono adasaka njovu zazing'ono.

Njira imodzi koma ina, koma abuluzi a Komodo ndi miyala yakale.

Kodi buluzi wamkulu wa Komodo amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Akayang'ana abuluzi ochokera ku chilumba cha Komodo ali ku ukapolo, asayansi adakhazikitsa zaka 25, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti m'malo omwe zachilengedwe zimadziwika. Ofufuza ena amakonda kuganiza kuti mwachilengedwe "Komodo chinjoka" imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50-62.

[Sinthani] Magawidwe

Kwabadwa komwe Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi ndi Australia, ngakhale mtunduwo unadziwika ndi dzina la chilumba cha Komodo. Pambuyo pa kuchuluka kwa anthu, pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu ndi anayi zapitazo, nyama izi zidakhazikika pazilumba zapafupi.

Padziko lapansi pakadali pano pali malo anayi okha pomwe buluzi wa Komodo amakhala m'malo achilengedwe - awa ndi zilumba zinayi zaku Indonesia zomwe ndi gawo la Zilumba Zocheperako Sunda:

• Chilumba cha Komodo, komwe anthu 1700 okha ndi omwe atsala
• Chilumba cha Geely Motang, komwe kulibe zopweteka zopitilira 100
• Chilumba cha Flores, pomwe pamapezeka kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa abuluzi (pafupifupi zidutswa 2000)
• Chilumba cha Rincha, ndi nyama 1300 zamtunduwu.

Chisinthiko

Chigoba cha buluzi wamakono wa Komodo komanso zotsalira za anthu akale a mtunduwu. Kukula kwa chisinthidwe cha buluzi wowunika wa Komodo kumayamba ndi kutuluka kwa mtundu wa Varanus, womwe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, udachokera ku Asia zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo adasamukira ku Australia. Pafupifupi zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo, mkangano pakati pa Australia ndi Southeast Asia walola abuluzi kuti afufuze malowa, mapiri omwe pambuyo pake adasanduka zisumbu zaku Indonesia, ndikupanga zilumba monga Timor yakutali. Buluzi wa Komodo, monga momwe amaganizira kale, adapatukana ndi kholo lawo la Australia zaka 4 miliyoni zapitazo.

Komabe, zinthu zakale zomwe zapezeka posachedwa ku Queensland zikuwonetsa kuti zinakhalako nthawi yayitali ku Australia asanafike ku Indonesia. Kutsika kwamadzi munyengo yamadzi oundana kwangotsegula malo ambiri, komwe kunathandizira Komodo kuyang'anira abuluzi kuti azisungitsa malo awo amakono, koma kukwera kwakutali kwamadzi, m'malo mwake, kunawalekanitsa kuzilumba. Izi zidasunga mawonekedwe kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa megafauna aku Australia.

[Sinthani] Maonekedwe

Buluzi wa Komodo m'thupi lawo ndiofanana ndi mitundu ina ya abuluzi, koma, zoona, ali ndi mawonekedwe awo.

Buluzi wa Komodo amatha kutalika kwa 2.5-3 m, kulemera kwake kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 kg. Zachikazi ndizocheperako ndipo zimafikira mita 1.5-2 zokha. Kutalika kwa mchira wa buluzi pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi.

Utoto ndi woderapo; achinyamata ali ndi malo owala achikasu kumbuyo kwawo.

Pakamwa pamakhala mano oti amatha kudula omwe ali oyenera kubera nyama zidutswa.

[Sinthani] Moyo

Komodo buluzi ndi nyama masana, sipasaka usiku. Usiku amagona momveka bwino m'makola awo. Ngakhale, zochitika zokhazokha zausiku za nyama izi zidadziwika.

Buluzi zazing'ono zimakwera mitengo mosavomerezeka ndipo m'malo mwake mumakhala chitetezo.

Ma draons a Komodo ndi osambira akuluakulu. Amatha kuwoloka mitsinje yaying'ono, kupendekera mosavuta kapena kuphimba mtunda kupita kuzilumba zoyandikana nazo. Komabe, sangathe kupitilira mphindi 15 m'madzi. Ndipo ngati alibe nthawi yoti afikire kumtunda, ndiye kuti akumira. Mwinanso chinthu ichi chinayambitsa malire achilengedwe omwe nyama zimapezeka.

Mikango imathamanga kwambiri. Pazitali zazifupi, kuthamanga kwake kumatha kufika 20km / h. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo wamphamvu ngati thandizo.

Amakonda kukhala okha, abuluzi akuluakuluwa sasintha nthawi zambiri m'magulu, gulu laling'ono lamayendedwe owonera limatha kudzutsa ndi kudyetsa, koma nthawi izi zimatsatiridwa ndi zolimba zolimbana nthawi zonse, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Lilime lalitali lopatsidwa ndi buluzi wa Komodo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lopanga zinthu. Kutulutsa lilime, buluzi amatenga fungo. Kuwona kwa lilime la polojekiti sikuti kwapansi poyerekeza ndi kununkhira kwa agalu. Chilombo chanjala chimatha kutsata wozunzidwa malinga ndi msambo umodzi womwe umasiyidwa ndi wozunzidwayo maola angapo apitawa.

Kodi abuluzi a Komodo amadya chiyani?

Buluzi wowunika kuchokera ku chilumba cha Komodo ndi nyama yolusa, chifukwa chake zakudya zam'mera zimatha popanda chakudya. M'moyo wonse, chakudya cha buluzi wowunika wa Komodo chimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso kukula. Achichepere komanso osadziwa kusaka abuluzi a Komodo amadya tizilombo (nsikidzi, ziwala), nsomba zingapo, nkhanu, akambuku, abuluzi ang'ono, mbalame ndi mazira, mbewa, makoswe, njoka. Buluzi zazing'ono zimatha kukwera mosavuta mumtengo posaka chakudya. Anthu achikulire amadyera tizilomboti, nyani, musangs, civet, komanso ana a ng'ona.

Buluzi wokhwima komanso wamphamvu amatha kuthana ndi msanga zochititsa chidwi: nkhumba zakutchire, agwape, njati, akavalo ndi mashonje, mbuzi. Nthawi zambiri, ziweto, amphaka ndi agalu zimagwera m'mazira a abulu achikulire abuluzi omwe abwera pama dziwe pamalo othirira kapena amakumana mwanjira ya buluzi wowopsa uyu. Buluzi wowunika kuchokera ku Chilodo Island ndiwowopsa kwa anthu, pali zochitika zina zomwe zimawagwera anthuwa. Ngati chakudya chikuchepa, abuluzi wamkulu amatha kuwombera ang'onoang'ono. Mukamadya buluzi wa Komodo mumatha kumeza zidutswa zazikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa mafupa a nsagwada yam'munsi komanso m'mimba yayikulu, yomwe imayamba kutambasuka.

[Sinthanitsani] Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa thupi

Kutuluka m'mabowo awo dzuwa likutuluka, abuluzi amakonda kutenganso dzuwa, kutambasulidwa ndikutambasula miyendo yawo. Chifukwa chake, buluzi wa Komodo amathandizira kutentha kwa thupi lake. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, owongolera abulu samawonetsa zochitika ndi kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo, mawonekedwe awo amatha kugona kwambiri ngati mafoni. Atalandira mphamvu yakuyimira dzuwa, Komodo buluzi imadutsa katundu wake, ndikuyang'ana mwachangu ngati pali alendo osagwirizana nawo m'gawo lake. Kutentha kwa thupi lake kumadalira kukula kwa buluzi wa Komodo - abuluzi ambiri ndi ochulukirapo, amatha kupitilirabe kutentha, kukhalanso ndi usiku, ndipo nthawi yocheperako amakhala m'mawa kuti atenthe thupi.

Samalekerera kutentha, thupi lake silikhala ndi thukuta lotupa. Ndipo ngati kutentha kwa nyamayo kupitilira 42.7 ° C, wowunikira azifa chifukwa cha kutentha.

Atalandira mphamvu yakuyimira dzuwa, Komodo buluzi imadutsa katundu wake, ndikuyang'ana mwachangu ngati pali alendo osagwirizana nawo m'gawo lake.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Komodo buluzi amadya mnofu wa nyama iliyonse suletsa zovunda. Pa nthawi yoyamba moyo, yang'anira abuluzi amagwira tizilombo, nsomba, nkhanu. Kukula kwa ozunzidwa kukukulirakulira. Makoswe, abuluzi, njoka zimawoneka m'zakudya. Ziphuphu sizitha kupewetsa poizoni, chifukwa kangaude wa poizoni ndi zokwawa amapita kukadya.

Cannibalism ndizofala pakati pa abuluzi

Zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadya achinyamata omwe afika mita yayitali. Amayesa dzanja lawo kuti agwire agwape, agogo aang'ono, agwape, akamba. Akuluakulu amasinthira anthu ambiri osaphunzira. Milandu pamene Komodo buluzi amukira munthu.

Pamodzi ndi agwape ndi nkhumba zakutchire, achibale - akadaulo ang'ono a Komodo amatha kuwoneka pazakudya za abuluzi. Anthu omwe akuvutitsidwa ndi cannibalism amakhala 8-10% ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimatengedwa ndi chokwawa.

Njira zazikulu pakusaka ndikuwopseza mwadzidzidzi. Ambulasi imapangidwa kuti izithirira mabowo, njira zomwe ma artiodactyls nthawi zambiri zimayenda. Wopangidwayo akuwukiridwa nthawi yomweyo. Pakaponyedwa koyamba, buluzi woyang'anira amayesa kugwetsa nyamayo, iluma tendon kapena kuvulaza bala.

Chachikulu, kwa buluzi wosathamanga kwambiri, kuti asokoneze chiwongola dzanja, nkhumba kapena ng'ombe yayikuluyo - liwiro. Nthawi zina, nyamayo imadzigwetsa yokha ikafa. M'malo mothawa, amawerenga molakwika ankhondo ake ndikuyesetsa kudziteteza.

Zotsatira zake ndizolosera. Nyama, yomwe yamenyedwa ndi kumera mchira kapena ndi ma bowa, ili pansi. Chotsatira kukumba pamimba ndi kuperewera kwa thupi. Mwanjira imeneyi, buluzi imatha kuthana ndi ng'ombe zikuluzikulu kakhumi kuposa izo, ndipo imakonda kulimba kwambiri nthawi zambiri kuposa iwowo mwachangu.

Pazilombo zazikazi zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati, buluzi limameza lonse. Nsagwada ya m'munsi ya buluzi yotsogola ndi yam'manja. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mutsegule pakamwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndi kumeza ngwazi kapena mbuzi yonse.

Ziphuphu zolemera makilogalamu awiri ndi atatu zimatuluka pamatupi amphongo amphongo amphongo amphongo ndi mahatchi. Njira yoyamwa imathamanga kwambiri. Zomwe zimayendera mwachanguchi ndizomveka. Buluzi wina nthawi yomweyo amalowa nawo pachakudya. Nthawi imodzi, nyama yodya nyama imatha kudya mafupa ndi nyama yofanana ndi 80% ya kulemera kwake.

Varan ndi mlenje waluso. Kutha bwinobwino 70% ya kuukiridwa kwake. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chogwira bwino ntchito ngakhale kwa ma artiodactyl amphamvu komanso ankhanza ngati ma buffalo.

Kuluma kwa lizard ndi poyizoni

Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa kupambana kumawonjezeka. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amati izi ndi luso la kuphunzira kwa abuluzi wolondolera. Popita nthawi, amaphunzira bwino zizolowezi za omwe akuzunzidwa. Izi zimawonjezera kuyang'anira kwa polojekiti.

Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti kuluma kwa buluzi ndizowopsa chifukwa poizoni kapena mabakiteriya apadera a pathogenic amalowetsedwa mu bala. Ndipo nyama yomwe yakhudzidwa sivutikira osati kuwonongeka ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso njira yotupa.

Kafukufuku wofufuza adawonetsa kuti buluzi wowunikira alibe zida zowonjezera zachilengedwe. Mulibe poizoni mkamwa mwake, ndipo mabakiteriya amasiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zili mkamwa mwa nyama zina. Kuluma kwazizilombo mokwanira ndikokwanira kupangitsa kuti chiweto chathawa chimatha mphamvu ndikufa.

Phukusi la Lizard

Mfundo zofunikira kusaka buluzi wa Komodo ndizowopsa. Nthawi zina buluzi wamkulu yemwe amadyera nyama amagwirira mnzake nkhandwe, ndipo mwadzidzidzi amagogoda "nkhomaliro yake yamtsogolo" ndi nkhonya yamphamvu komanso lakuthwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchitoyo imakhala yayikulupo kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zambiri yomwe imagwira imayamba kuthyoka miyendo. 12 mwa agwada 17 amafera pomwepo pomenya nkhondo ndi buluzi. Komabe, nthawi zina wozunzidwayo amatha kuthawa, ngakhale atha kuvulazidwa koopsa ngati mawonekedwe a ming'alu kapena lamba m'mimba kapena khosi, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa yomwe ili pafupi. Poizoni wa lizard ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'matumba am'madzi amachepetsa wolakwayo. Pakudya lalikulu, mwachitsanzo pang'onopang'ono, kufa kumatha kupezeka milungu itatu itatha kulimbana ndi buluzi. Mabuku ena akuwonetsa kuti buluzi wamkulu wa Komodo agwira nyama yake chifukwa cha fungo komanso magazi ake. Nyama zina zimatha kuthawa ndikuchira mabala awo, zinyama zina zimagwera m'manja mwa zilombo, ndipo zina zimafa chifukwa cha mabala omwe adazunza ndi buluziyo. Kununkhira kodabwitsa kumalola Komodo kuyang'anira buluzi kuti amve fungo la chakudya komanso kununkhira kwa magazi komwe kali mtunda wamakilomita 9.5. Ndipo pomwe wovutikayo amawonongeka, abuluzi amathamangira kununkhira kwa zovunda kuti adye nyama yakufayo.

Kuswana

Nyama zamtunduwu zimafika paunyamata pofika chaka cha khumi cha moyo, pomwe gawo laling'ono chabe la buluzi limakhalabe ndi moyo. Chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana ali pafupifupi 3.4: 1 m'malo mwa amuna. Mwina iyi ndi njira yowongolera kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazikhalidwe zam'zilumba. Popeza kuchuluka kwa akazi ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa amuna, pakubala pakati pa amuna, nkhondo zazimuna zimachitika. Poterepa, abuluzi amayang'anira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndipo akumenyetsa mdaniyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, yesani kumugwetsa. Pankhondo zoterezi, nthawi zambiri munthu wamkulu amapambana, nyama zazing'ono ndi abambo okalamba obwerera. Wopambana wamwamuna amakanikizira pansi mdulayo ndikumukuta ndi zibwano zake kwakanthawi, kenako wochoka atachoka.

Amphongo amtundu wa Komodo amayang'anira buluzi ndi wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kuposa zazikazi. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imapukusa mutu wake, ndikupukutira nsagwada yake ya m'munsi pakhosi ndi kukalipira msana wake ndi mchira wake ndi zopindika.

Matenga amachitika nthawi yachisanu, nthawi yamvula. Akakhwima, wamkazi amafufuza malo oti adzaikire mazira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zisa za udzu zomwe zimakhazikitsa milu ya manyowa - zachilengedwe zobzikirana kuchokera ku tsamba la masamba kuti zimathandizire kukulitsa mazira awo. Atapeza mulu, buluzi wamkazi amafukula dzenje mkati mwake, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kuti asocheretse nkhumba zamtchire ndi adani ena omwe amadya mazira. Dzira limapezeka mu Julayi-Ogasiti, kukula kwa buluzi wa buluzi wa owonetsedwa ndi Komodo ndi mazira 20. Mazira amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndi mainchesi 6, kulemera kwa 200 g. Akazi amateteza chisa kwa miyezi 8-8.5 asanagwedezeke ana. Ziphuphu zazing'ono zimapezeka mu Epulo-Meyi. Pobadwa, amasiya amayi awo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakwera mitengo yoyandikana nayo. Popewa kukumana ndi zoopsa za abuluzi akuluakulu, abuluzi achinyamata amakhala zaka ziwiri zoyambirira m'miyoyo yawo, pomwe sangathe kufikira achikulire.

Partenogeneis adapezeka m'mabulu a a Komodo. Popanda amuna, wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira osabereka, omwe amawoneka m'malo osungirako a Chester ndi London ku England. Popeza abuluzi amphongo ali ndi ma chromosome awiri ofanana, ndipo chachikazi, mosiyana, ndizophatikiza ndizofanana, makanda onse adzakhala amphongo. Dzira lirilonse lomwe limayikidwa limakhala ndi ma chromosome a W kapena Z (kwa Komodo youza abuluzi, ZZ ndi wamwamuna ndipo WZ ndi wamkazi), ndiye kuti majini amawirikiza kawiri. Maselo okhala ndi ma diploid okhala ndi ma W-chromosome awiri amafa, ndipo ma Z-chromosomes awiri amapanga timabuluzi tatsopano. Kutha kubereka mwakugonana komanso mwakugonana pamatumba awa mwina kumakhudzana ndi kudzipatula komwe amakhala - izi zimawalola kukhazikitsa magulu atsopano ngati, chifukwa cha mkuntho, akazi opanda amuna amaponyedwa kuzilumba zoyandikana.

Amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira za kuluma kwa buluzi wa Komodo (kutupa kwambiri pamalo a kuluma, sepsis, ndi zina) kumachitika chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amakhala mkamwa mwa buluzi. Auffenberg adawonetsa kukhalapo kwa microflora ya pathogenic pamkono pa bulu wa owunika a Komodo, kuphatikiza Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Providencia sp., Proteus morgani ndi Proteus mirabilis. Akuti mabakiteriya amalowa mthupi la abuluzi akamadyetsa zovunda, komanso akamadyetsa chakudya kuchokera ku abuluzi ena.Koma mu zitsanzo za mucosa wamlomo zomwe zimapezeka ku malo osungirako nyama zatsopano, asayansi ku Yunivesite ya Texas anapeza mitundu ingapo 57 ya mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'mabwana olondera nyama Pasteurella multocida. Komanso Pasteurella multocida kuchokera ku malovu, buluzi wawonetsa kukula kwakukulu pazinthu zamafuta kuposa zomwe zimapezeka kuzinthu zina.

Posachedwa, asayansi aku Australia omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mitundu yofananira ya abuluzi apeza kuti mitundu ina ya buluzi imakhala itadziyambitsa yokha. Kumapeto kwa 2005, gulu la asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Melbourne linalimbikitsa kuti buluzi wamkulu wowunika (Varanus giganteus), mitundu ina ya abuluzi owunika, komanso ma agama, amatha kukhala ndi malovu owopsa, ndikuti zotsatira za kuluma kwa buluzi izi zidayamba chifukwa cha kuledzera pang'ono. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuwopsa kwa malovu a mitundu ingapo ya abuluzi (makamaka buluzi wamaona (Varanus mitundu) ndi Varanus scalaris), komanso abuluzi ena okalamba - makamaka agama ometaPogona barbata) Asanayambe kafukufukuyu, panali umboni wotsutsana za kuwopsa kwa malovu a abuluzi ena owunika, monga buluzi woyang'anira (Varanus griseus).

Mu 2009, ofufuzawo omwewo adafalitsa umboni wina kuti abuluzi a Komodo ali ndi kuluma poyizoni. Kafukufuku wa MRI adawonetsa kupezeka kwa tiziwopsezo tambiri ta m'nsagwada. Anatulutsa chimodzi mwa ziwonetserozi ku buluzi yemwe amadwala kwambiri ku Singapore Zoo ndipo anapeza kuti umatulutsa poizoni wokhala ndi mapuloteni ena oopsa. Ntchito zamapuloteni awa zimaphatikizapo kulepheretsa magazi kugundana, kutsitsa magazi, kuchepa kwa minofu, ndi matenda a hypothermia, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa komanso kusazindikira komwe kuli munthu wolumidwa.

Akatswiri ena afunsira kuti kuphatikiza njoka, kuwunika abuluzi, mano owononga, ma spindleworms, ndi iguaniformes. Toxicofera. Kuphatikizikako kumatengera kupezeka kwa zinthu zapoizoni m'misempha ndipo zikupangira kukhalapo kwa kholo limodzi pamagulu onse "omwe ali ndi poizoni" (omwe sangathe kusintha).

Zowopsa za abuluzi zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa njoka zapoizoni. Tizilombo timeneti timapezeka pa nsagwada ya m'munsi mwachindunji pansi pa tiziwalo tamadonthono, timene timatseguka kumbuyo kwa mano, ndipo satulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njoka zamiyendo zapoizoni, monga njoka. Pamkamwa pakamwa, poyizoni ndi malovu zimasakanikirana ndi zinyalala za chakudya zomwe zimayamba kuvunda, ndikupanga chisakaniziro momwe mabakiteriya ambiri osiyanasiyana amachulukana.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Mitundu ya abuluzi a Komodo ndi amodzi mwa mtunduwu womwe ungakhale wowopsa kwa anthu, ngakhale ndiwowopsa poyerekeza ndi ng'ona kapena shaki ndipo siziwopseza akuluakulu. Ngakhale zili choncho, pamakhala zovuta zingapo zowonongera abuluzi pomwe abuluzi, chifukwa cha fungo linalake, amaganiza kuti munthu wadya chakudya chambiri cha buluzi (zovunda, mbalame, ndi zina). Kuluma kwa abuluzi a Komodo ndizowopsa. Mukamaluma, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa chopatsidwa chithandizo chamankhwala mosayembekezereka (ndipo, chifukwa chake, poyizoni wamagazi) amafika 99%. [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 53] Ana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ziphuphu zimatha kupha mwana wosakwana zaka 10 kapena kuvulaza kwambiri. Pali zochitika zolembedwa za kufa kwa ana chifukwa chakuwombedwa ndi buluzi. [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 53] Zomwe anthu amakhala pazilumbazi sizambiri, koma zilipo ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukukula mwachangu (anthu 800 malinga ndi data ya 2008). Monga lamulo, awa ndi midzi yoperewera, yosodza. M'zaka zanjala, makamaka pachilala, abuluzi amayang'anira mabwalo pafupi. Amakopeka makamaka ndi fungo la chimbudzi cha anthu, nsomba, ndi zina. Milandu yokumba mitembo ya anthu kuchokera m'manda osaya ndizodziwika bwino. Komabe, posachedwa, Asilamu aku Indonesia omwe amakhala kuzilumbazi adayika malirowo, ndikuwaphimba ndi miyala yomata yosagonja yomwe singafikire abuluzi. Osaka nyama nthawi zambiri amakola anthu ndikuwapititsa kumalo ena pachilumbachi. Kupha abuluzi ndizoletsedwa ndi lamulo.

Popeza abuluzi wamkulu wowonera amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, amatha kudziwa komwe kununkhira magazi kwakutali kwa 5 km. Pali milandu yambiri yolembedwa momwe abuluzi amayang'anira zimbudzi poyesa kukopa alendo ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono kapena zikwapu. Ngozi yofananayi imawopsezanso azimayi omwe amayendera zilumba zomwe zimakhala ndi owongolera a Komodo pomwe akusamba. Alendo nthawi zambiri amachenjezedwa ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana pangozi zomwe zingachitike, magulu onse azokopa alendo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi opanga zida zodzitetezera kuti asagwire mzati wamtali wautali wokhala ndi malekezero [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 881] .

Chitetezo

Buluzi wowunika wa Komodo ndi mtundu wocheperako womwe umawopsezedwa kuti uwonongeke chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu. Olembedwa pa IUCN Red List ndi Zowonjezera I za CITES Convention on International Trade in Species. Mu 1980, Komodo National Park idapangidwa kuti iteteze nyamazo kuti zisawonongeke, zomwe nthawi zonse zimakonza maulendo okawona malo, zachilengedwe ndi maulendo apaulendo.

Zolemba

1. ↑ 12Ananyeva N. B., Borkin L. Ya., Darevsky I. S., Orlov N. L. Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Amphibians ndi zilombo. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French. / kusinthidwa ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. Yaz., 1988 .-- S. 269. - 10,500. - ISBN 5-200-00232-X
2. ↑A. G. Bannikov, I. S. Darevsky, M. N. Denisova Moyo wa nyama. Amphibians. Zobwezeretsa / ed. V. E. Sokolova. - 2nd ed. - M: Maphunziro, 1985. - V. 5. - S. 245. - 300,000.
3. ↑Ciofi, ClaudiaChinjoka cha Komodo. Sayansi American (Marichi 1999). Zosungidwa kuyambira zoyamba pa February 21, 2012.Zabwezedwanso March 6, 2011.
4. ↑Kutayika Kwa Paradise kwa Dragon: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and extinction of the Largest-ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae). plosone. Zosungidwa kuyambira zoyamba pa February 21, 2012.Zabwezedwanso March 6, 2011.
5. ↑Buluzi wa pachilumba cha Komodo anali woopsa. Madzi amoyo. Zosungidwa kuyambira zoyamba pa February 21, 2012.Zabwezedwanso March 6, 2011.
6. ↑Moyo wa BBC. Repitles ndi amphibians. asonvar (2009). Zolembedwa kuchokera koyambirira pa August 25, 2011.Zabwezedwanso March 6, 2011.
7. ↑Philip YamKubala namwali kwa Komodoran amayang'anira abuluzi. MU DZIKO LA SAYANSI (Januware 1, 2007). (ulalo wosapezeka - nkhani) Zabwezedwanso March 6, 2011.
8. ↑ Mwachangu, Brian G., et al. (2006). "Kusintha koyamba kwa machitidwe a poiz mu mimbulu ndi njoka."Zachilengedwe. Makalata. Vol. 439/2 February 2006, pp. 584-588.
9. ↑Bulu wa Komodo anali ndi poizoni. Zosungidwa kuyambira zoyamba pa February 21, 2012.Zabwezedwanso March 6, 2011.
10. ↑Zolemba ndi David Badger, kujambula ndi John Netherton Mikango: Mbiri yachilengedwe ya zolengedwa zachilendo, ma chiloon, ma agogu, geckos, ndi zina zambiri. - Yetwater, MN: Voyageur Press, 2002. - P. 32, 52, 78, 81, 84, 140-145, 151. - ISBN 0-89658-520-4

Zolemba

• Darevsky I.S., Orlov N. L. Zinyama zosowa komanso zokhala pangozi. Amphibians ndi nyama zapamwamba: Ref. chilolezo. - M: Wokweza. Shk., 1988 .-- S. 293-295.
• Moyo wa nyama mu 7 matani / Ch. Mkonzi V.E. Sokolov. T. 5. Amphibians ndi zirombo. / A. G. Bannikov, I. S. Darevsky, M. N. Denisov et al., Ed. A. G. Bannikova - 2nd., Chiv. - M: Maphunziro, 1985. - S. 249-252.

Malingaliro

• Varanus komodoensis pa AnAge (chidziwitso cha chiyembekezo cha moyo)
• Varanus komodoensis pa Zinyama Zosiyanasiyana
• Varanus komodoensis pa mampam.com
• Varanus komodoensis paulonda-online.net
• The Biology ya Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis)
• komododragon.wordpress.com
• komododragon.biz
• Mwachangu, Brian G., et al. (2006). Kusintha koyamba kwa machitidwe a poiz mu mimbulu ndi njoka.
• Varan chifuwa cha zotungira
• Zipangizo zopangira mahatchi ku Komodo National Park - Indonesia

• Mukayika mawu amtsinde, sonyezani mosamala magwero ake.
• Onani kulondola kwa zomwe zatchulidwa munkhaniyi.

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[Sinthani] Poiz

Ambiri amva kuti kuluma kwa buluzi amatha kupha. Ndikupezeka kuti malovu awo ali ndi mitundu ingapo 57 ya mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa zotupa m'mabala ndi poyizoni wa magazi. Amakhulupirira kuti mabakiteriya amenewa amawonekera chifukwa cha kudya kapeti.

Posachedwa, mchaka cha 2009, asayansi ku Yunivesite ya Melbourne adatsimikizira kuti abuluzi amayang'anira mabulu omwe ali ndi poizoni yemwe ali patsaya. Amabisala poizoni, yemwe ali ndi mapuloteni angapo oyipa omwe amachititsa magazi kuyimitsa, kutsitsa magazi, kupunduka kwamisempha komanso kusazindikira. Zinyalala za zoterezi zimapezeka m'munsi mwa mano, ndipo poizoniyo amasakanikirana ndi malovu omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya ambiri.

Komodo lizard poyizoni

M'mbuyomu, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti khungubwe la Komodo limangokhala ndi "tambala" wovulala wa bakiteriya, komwe buluzi wokondweretsa amateteza chitetezo. Komabe, posachedwa, asayansi atsimikiza kuti buluzi wowunika ali ndi tiziwalo ta sumu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mapuloteni apadera oopsa omwe amachititsa kuti munthu wolumidwayo achepetse magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, kufooka, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kusazindikira. Mitsempha imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyamba: alibe njira m'mano, monga njoka, koma lotseguka pansi pamano ndi mano. Chifukwa chake, kuluma kwa buluzi wa Komodo ndi woopsa.

[Sinthani] Kusaka

Buluzi amasaka masana, amakonda kuyembekezera kunja kutentha kwamasana mthunzi. Kusaka kumachitika motere:

Amadikira nyama yawo kuti abisalire. Buluzi limayandikira pafupi ndi womugwirawo ndikuwombera ndi liwiro la mphezi. Nthawi zina amamugwetsa pansi ndikuwomba mchira waukulu, ndikumudula miyendo. Pambuyo pake nyamayo imagwera pansi ndikuyesera kuipukusa mwachangu. Pakakhala vuto la munthu, buluzi woyamba amaluma miyendo yake, kenako nkung'amba thupi.

Woperekayo ataphedwa, iye amatsegula m'mimba ndikudya nyama yamkati. Nyama ya Varan imadyedwa m'mbale zazikulu, kumeza pamodzi ndi mafupa. Kuti adutse mwachangu, buluziyo amaponyera mutu wake m'mwamba. Buluzi laling'ono limatha kumeza lonse, ndipo lalikulu limang'ambika.

Chakudya chija, "chinjokacho" chikuyimilira miyendo inayi yotambasuka. Mukamadya, mutha kuwona momwe m'mimba mwa owongolera amadzaziridwira pansi. Pambuyo podya, buluziyo amachoka pamthunzi wamitengoyi kuti akayekula chakudya mwakachetechete.

Mitundu ikuluikulu nthawi zambiri imadya zovunda, zomwe sizimadziwa, ndipo zimadzithandiza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mano awo amapweteka chilonda chophimba chiweto, chomwe poizoni ndi, nthawi zina, mabakiteriya owopsa ambiri amalowamo. Ngati chiweto chija chasiya polojekitiyo, kutupa m'magazi ndi poyizoni wamagazi kumachitika. Pakapita kanthawi, wosautsidwayo akumwalira. Varan, chifukwa cha lilime lake, lomwe ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, amapeza mtembo wa womenyedwayo. Ziwombankhanga zina zimatsikiranso kununkhira. Nthawi zina kumenyedwa kumayambira, cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa utsogoleri pakati pa amuna. Ana abuluzi osamala osagwirizana ndi agalu olusa omwe akuyesera kuluma chidutswa cha nyama nthawi zambiri amaphedwa ndi akhwangwala akuluakulu.

KOMODA VARAN

Komodo buluzi - wamkulu buluzi mdziko! Amatchulanso buluzi wowonera ku Indonesia, ndipo anthu ena amangosangalala ndi kukula kwawo. Yenderani buluzi imatha kutalika kwamamita atatu ndi kulemera kwa 80-85 kg. Mmodzi mwa oimira awa adalembedwa mu Guinness Red Book, lolemera 91.7 kg kuchokera ku Komodo Island. Kodi buluzi wamkuluyu amakhala kuti ndipo amadya zachilengedwe bwanji? Zingakhale zochuluka motani? Izi ndi zomwe tikambirana lero, tiyamba ndi nthawi ya buluzi yowunikira.

[Sinthani] Adani ndi mpikisano

Buluzi wa a Komodo alibe adani achilengedwe, kupatula anthu ndipo, mwina, ndi ng'ona zamkati nthawi zina amapezeka pagombe. Iwowo adzawononga onse oyimbirana nawo. Ndi abuluzi achinyamata okha omwe amatha kugwidwa ndi adani osiyanasiyana.

Pali zingwe zazingati za buluzi zomwe zimakhala

Komodo amayang'anira abuluziMonga lamulo, amakhala ndi moyo wawekha, amatha kuyanjana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono nthawi yakuswana kapena kusaka. Zochita zawo zili masana, koma usiku iwo amakhala maso. Kusaka kwakukulu buluzi amasiya masana, ndi nyengo yotentha kukhala mumthunzi. Amakhala usiku m'malo awo othawirako, ndipo m'mawa amapitanso kukasaka.

Buluzi wa Komodo amakhala zaka zingati?

Komodo buluzi wachilengedwe amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 50. Komanso, zidalembedwa kuti m'modzi mwa oimira adakhala zaka 62! Mwa njira, chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mzimayi amakhala ndi nthawi 2 zochepa, i.e. utali wamoyo ndi wazaka 25.

Kumene buluzi wa Komodo amakhala

Komodo lizard imatha kupezeka pazilumba za Indonesia: Gili Motang, Komodo, Flores, Rinch. Anthu okhala pachilumbachi amachitcha kuti ng'ona. Zoona zimatsimikizira izi yang'anira buluzi adawoneka zaka zoposa 40 miliyoni zapitazo ku Asia, kenako ku Australia. Ndipo zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo zidapezeka pachilumba cha Timor, pakati pa Australia ndi Southwest Asia. Varan amakhala m'malo otentha ndi dzuwa, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango zotentha, m'mapiri owuma, m'mapiri. M'nyengo yotentha, imapezeka pamtsinje wowuma, kusaka m'madzi, komanso kusambira kwabwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa buluzi wa Komodo woderapo wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga ang'ono achikasu thupi. Kuyatsa pakhungu osteoderma yaying'ono (yachiwiri khungu ossization). Mano akhungu atakankhidwa kuchokera kumbali, ali ndi m'mbali lakuthwa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mutsegule nyama zazikulu. Komanso ma paws Mutha kuwona nsapato zazitali zomwe zimathandizira kusaka.

[Sinthani] Chitetezo ndi mawonekedwe

Nyama izi ndizoletsedwa kupha. Amalemba m'ndandanda wofiira wa IUCN. Makamaka kwa iwo, malo osungirako zachilengedwe adakonzedwa pachilumba cha Komodo.

Pakadali pano, paki ya dzikolo yakonzedwa kuzilumba za Komodo ndi Rinja. Kusaka kulikonse kwa ma dinosaurs amenewa ndikololedwa ndi lamulo, ndipo kugwidwa kungachitike kokha ngati kuli malo okhala ndi chilolezo chapadera cha Komiti Yachilengedwe Kutetezedwa ndi Boma la Indonesia.

Kodi abulu a Komodo abereka bwanji?

Buluzi wamtundu wa Komodo umatha kutha ndi zaka 5, ndipo nthawi zina pofika zaka 10. Nthawi yakukhwima kwa abuluzi akuluakuluwa imagwera pa Julayi. Pakati pa amuna amuna amayamba kumenyera zachikazi, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha amuna. Otsutsa amaimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akugwirana manja ndi manja awo akutsogolo ndikuyesera kugogoda pansi mpikisano. Mwachilengedwe, pamakondwerero oterowo, amuna achikulire kwambiri komanso opambana amapambana, ndipo achinyamata kapena achikulire amakakamizidwa kuti abwerere.

Ikamadula, yamphongo ya ku Komodo imakhala ndi “mtima wachifundo” wina: imapukutira nsagwada yake ya m'munsi pakhosi la mnzake, ikakanda msana wake ndi mchala wake, ndi kupendekera mutu wake. Akamaliza matchingawo, wamkazi amayamba kufunafuna malo oti adzagonekere mazira. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimatulutsa mabowo angapo ndi kubisala mazira mu imodzi mwa izo. Zina zimasokoneza chidwi cha nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya mazira. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch ndi 20-30 zidutswa. Mazira akuluakulu kwambiri a buluzi wa Komodo amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndipo ndi mainchesi 6 masentimita amatha kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 200.

Kutengedwa ku: www.ballenatales.com

Pakakhala palibe wamwamuna pakatikati, zazikazi za Komodos zimayang'anira mazira osabereka, pomwe azimuna ochepa amapezeka. Njira yapaderayi yakuberekera imatchedwa parthenogeneis.

Pambuyo pa miyezi 8-8,5, pomwe amayi amateteza mwachangu ana amtsogolo, a Komodo abulu aang'ono. Izi zimachitika mu Epulo-Meyi. Kutalika kwa abuluzi obadwa kumene sikupitirira 27-30 cm, koma abuluzi amayang'anira msanga amakula msanga, ndipo pofika miyezi itatu kukula kwawo pafupifupi kawiri. Wamanyazi, mosiyana ndi achikulire, abuluzi achinyamata a Komodo amakonda kuthera nthawi yoyamba pamitengo, kubisala m'nthambi pachiwopsezo chilichonse. Mmenemo ndiwosatheka ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya komanso abale awo akale, chifukwa chosowa chakudya a Komodo abuluzi amachita chizolowezi.

Sowa kawirikawiri pomwe abulu akulu a Komodo amawongolera ndikusungidwa m'malo osungira nyama. Koma, modabwitsa, abuluzi azizolowera munthu, amatha kuzimiririka. M'modzi mwa oyimilira a buluzi yemwe amakhala kumalo osungirako nyama ku London, amadya mwaulere m'manja mwa wowonayo, ndipo ngakhale adamutsatira kulikonse.

Masiku ano, abuluzi a Komodo amakhala m'mapaki a Rinja ndi Komodo. Amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa chake saloledwa kusaka abuluziwo mwa lamulo, ndipo malinga ndi lingaliro la Komiti ya Indonesia, abuluzi amangogwidwa ndi chilolezo chapadera.