Malinga ndi nthano, mbalameyi idapangidwa mwapadera ndi milungu yankhalango kuti izithandiza apaulendo kutayika m'nkhalangomo. Watsikanayo akakhala kuti alibe ma cartridge kapena zakudya, adamutumizira nkhumba. Mbalameyi sinachite mantha konse ndi munthu, ikhoza kugwetsedwa pansi kuchokera pamtengo ndi ndodo kapena kuponyedwa chingwe m'khosi mwake, kenako ndikuwuphika osafa ndi kufa.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Ku Russia, mitundu ya nkhokwe zakuthengo imakhala ndi malo atatu akutali. Chimodzi mwa izo chimachokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chigawo cha Amur komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Yakutia mpaka kugombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Lachiwiri ndi zigawo za Sikhote Alin, ndipo lachitatu ndi zigawo za kumpoto ndi pakati pa chilumba cha Sakhalin. Komabe, m'malo onsewa, grouse wamtchire amagawidwa pang'onopang'ono. Sitiga yamdima yamdima wakuda ndi malo omwe mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, grouse yakutchire imapezeka m'mapiri komanso m'zipululu, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira, nthawi zina kuphatikiza kwa birch. M'mapiri amakula mpaka 1600 m kuposa nyanja.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Kunja, mkazi wamtchire amawonetsa ngati woimira banja lake wamba. Kulemera kwa mbalameyi kumatha kuchoka pa 380 mpaka 780 g, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi ndi masentimita 40. Nthenga zakumapiko zakunja zamapiko zimakhala zoloza mwamphamvu ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Grouse imakhala ndi thupi, yaying'ono mutu osati wokopa kwambiri, koma mtundu wokongola wa maula. Thupi lakumaso lojambulidwa utoto wa azitona wakuda, kumunsi kwa thupi kumakhala utoto wowonjezereka. Khosi ndi gawo la khosi lakuda ndi chefu yoyera. Zachikazi ndizosiyana mawonekedwe. Mtundu wake sunakhale wakuda, koma matayala amtundu wakuda amakula. Munthawi yakukakamira pamaso pa amuna, "nsidze" zofiira zimawonekera - malo opanda khungu.
Chachikazi chachikazi
Moyo
Kulira kofewa komwe kamapanga mchimuna kumakhala ngati kukugwa kwa chimanjacho, ngakhale kukhala mamilimita 10 kuchokera pachaka champhongo, sizingatheke kudziwa komwe amachokera. Yaikazi imachita phokoso lachete, mkati mwa mawu osokosera.
Mvuto wamtimamu ndi wovuta komanso wodekha. M'nkhalangomo, imangoyenda pansi, pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuyesetsa kuti isayime ngakhale ngozi itayandikira. Mphekesera nthawi zambiri imakhala yosasunthika, imawuluka kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri pamtunda wautali - 20-30 m (kuthawa kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwomba kwamphamvu kwa mapiko). Chifukwa cha luso lotha kubisala, mbalameyi sichimakhala chodyedwa ndi adani, makamaka mapanga.
Madera ambiri okhala ndi mwala wam'madzi wam'mphepete mwa mapiri ndimakonda kwambiri nkhumba zakutchire. Popeza mbalameyi imakonda kupezeka pafupi ndi miyala yosema, kunja ndi miyala, ili ndi dzina lina - mwala grouse. Kuphatikiza pa nkhalango zamdima zobiriwira, zomata zamtchire zimapezekanso m'nkhalango zazitali, m'nkhalango za m'nkhalango zazitali, komanso m'nkhalango zamiyala yamiyala.
Maziko a chakudya cha mbalame nthawi yozizira ndi masingano owoneka bwino ndi owuma; iwo amadya masingano, amawadula ndi milomo yawo ngati nthambi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakhala moyo wongokhala, kumakhala nthawi yaying'ono pamalo ena ochepa (mahekitala ochepa) ndikumadyetsa korona zamitengo. Ambiri patsiku, agogo a miyala amakhala m'maselo pansi pa chisanu. M'dzinja ndi m'dzinja, amadya nthongo za mabulosi, masamba a larch, masamba a herbaceous, mtambo, crowberries, blueberries, cranberries, lingonberries. Nthawi zina, nyama zakutchire zimadya tizilombo.
Kuswana
Kuyamba kwa kukola mbalame zakuthengo kumakhala pakati pa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Chidacho ndi dzenje laling'ono lomwe limazunguliridwa ndi masamba obiriwira, udzu ndi masamba. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira osachepera 8-12 okhala ndi mawanga a mgoza. Mbali yakumtunda ya mwana wankhuku yonyentchera ya galu wamtchireyo ndi yotuwa, mbali yakumaso ndi yotumbululuka, wachikatikati pali korona. Ma ntchentche kumapeto kwa sabata amatha kuuluka mpaka nthambi zotsika.
Kuchulukana
Chiwerengero chonse cha mwala wamwala mu Khabarovsk Territory ndi anthu 12-16 miliyoni. M'malo abwino, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'gawolo kumafikira anthu 15 pa sq. Km. km
Pali malo osungirako zachilengedwe zingapo mwanjira zingapo zamkati zamtchire, pomwe mtunduwu umatetezedwa.
Kuphatikizika kwa mbalamezi kumadera ena amtambo wamdima wamdima kumabweretsa chifukwa choti pakadula mitengo yamtunduwu kapena nthawi yamoto, gule wamtchire amazimiririka limodzi nawo. Mbalizi "zodalira" nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi ozizira. Nthawi yomweyo, kupanda mantha kumapangitsa kukhala ndi mwayi wokongoletsa bwino mapaki ndi nkhalango, madera akutali a midzi yaku Far East.
Chochititsa chidwi
Chifukwa chofanana ndi chakunja cha hazel grouse komanso kutuluka kwambiri, nkhumba zakutchire zimatchulidwanso kuti nkhokwe yofatsa. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mbalameyi ndikuti sichiopa anthu konse, chifukwa chake kusaka nyama zamkati kumapezeka ndi ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene. Evenki, anthu ochepa achilengedwe aku Siberiya, ali ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa chokhudzana ndi akazi amtchire. Popeza wakumana ndi mbalame, wosaka sadzayambiranso kupha, amalakalaka munthu amene watopa ndi kufa ndi njala. Inde, nkhumba zakutchire ndizo nyama zosavuta kwambiri m'nkhalango zakomweko.
Gulu
Ufumu: nyama (Animalia).
Lembani: chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: mbalame (Aves).
Gulu: nkhuku (Galliformes).
Banja: grouse (Tetraoninae).
Jenda: akazi amtchire (Falcipennis).
Onani: chilombo cholusa (Falcipennis falcipennis).
Kufalikira kwa nguluwe zakutchire ku Asia
Savage imapezeka ku Sakhalin, Far East, ku Yakutia ndi Transbaikalia. Gawo lokhala ndi nyama zakutchire ku Asia likufuna kubwereza kufalitsa kwa Ayan spruce. Gawo lake lalikulu limapezeka m'nkhalango zamitundu iwiri - Sikhote-Alin ndi Stanovoy. Kumpoto, agogo a kuthengo amakhala m'mphepete mwa gombe la Okhotsk. Kumpoto chakumadzulo, malowa amakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa Stanovoi Range, mpaka kumtsinje wa Oldoy. Malire akum'mwera ali m'chigwa cha Amur, m'malo ochepa okha omwe amafikira ku nyama zakutchire amakhala ku banki yolondola ndikufika kumalire a 45 kudzera m'nkhalango za Sikhote-Alin.
Chodabwitsa cha mkazi wamtchire ndikuti samuopa konse munthu, ndipo izi zakonza chiyembekezo pakuwonongedwa kwathunthu.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Aliyense amene wamuonapo hazel grouse kapena wakuda wakuda amatha kuyerekeza mzimayi wakuthengo. Ndiwotchi yotsekera, yayikulu kuposa kamodzi ndi theka, ndipo yakuda imafanana ndi capercaillie. Komabe, mukamudziwa bwino, mumamvetsetsa: pali zosiyana zambiri pakati pa mbalameyi ndi abale ake kuposa zofanana. Koma kwenikweni zimakhudza moyo wa okhala ku Far East.
Kulemera kwa mbalameyo kumatha kuchoka pa 400 mpaka 750 g, ndipo thupi limakhala lalitali 40 mpaka 405. Thupi limakhala lopanda mphamvu, mutu umakhala wochepa, khosi limakhala lalitali komanso lokwinya, mulomo ndi wamfupi komanso wowonda. Mchira wake, womwe ndi wamtundu woyambira 10 mpaka 13 cm, umakwezedwa mwamphamvu ndipo umatha ndikutetezedwa kozungulira. Amuna, malekezero a mapiko ndiwopendekeka kwambiri.
Kunja, grouse wakuthengo akufanana kwambiri ndi capercaillie
Nguluwe yamphongo yamphongo imapangidwa utoto wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Kubalalika koyera kwa mawanga oyera kumawoneka pansi pa thupi ndi kumapeto kwa nthenga za mchira. Mutu pakhosi ndi khosi umakhala ndi mtundu wamakala wokhala ndi mkombero wama brownish m'mphepete. Ma eye ofiira, makola am'khosi okhathamira komanso opindika pakhosi amaonetsa kuti mwamunayo amakonda kwambiri chibwenzi. Cockerel amanyadira kwa bwenzi lake zovala zake zaukwati.
Chachikazi mzimayi wazithunzithunzi Chimawoneka modekha kwambiri. Amavala nthenga zofewa za mtundu wa mbewa, nthawi zina amakhala wokutidwa pang'ono ndi mthunzi. Zowona, mawonekedwe otseguka a bulauni amawapangitsa kukhala okongola pang'ono. Palibe nsidze zofiira, palibe mutu kumutu. Kudzichepetsa ndi kukongola palokha.
Mitundu ya nyama yamtchire imagwirizanitsa mitundu itatu yomwe ndi yofanana kwambiri mtundu, kukula kwake ndi moyo wawo: nyama zakutchire zaku Asia (zofala), zomwe zimapezeka ku Russia kokha ku Far East, ndi abale ake awiri omwe akukhala ku America - Canada chilombo ndi phiri.
- Waku Canada woimira, monga mukudziwa, amakhala ku North America. Kukula kwake kumakhala kocheperako kuposa masiku onse - kutalika pafupifupi 35 cm, kulemera kuyambira 450 mpaka 600 g. Imakhala ndi mchira wautali ndi mapiko, nthenga zapamwamba zomwe sizoyera koma zofiirira.
Mimba yake ndi thupi lakumunsi limakongoletsedwanso ndi zoyera pamtundu wa chokoleti, alibe, alibe mawonekedwe "owoneka ngati mtima", ngati mkazi wathu wamtchire. Dera lakuda lomwe lili pachifuwa cha cockerels limagawidwa ndi mzere wokhotakhota mbali zam'munsi komanso zotsika. Ndipo mapangidwe ake a mapiko ake siwakuthwa kwenikweni ngati nkhumba yam'mawa yam'mawa.
Mwa mitundu itatu yonse yamtunduwu, ku Canada ndiye wamba. Imapezeka ku Canada kuchokera ku Atlantic Ocean kupita ku Pacific, kulikonse komwe conifere imakula.
- Phiri amakhala mu nkhalango zowonongera zachilengedwe zokha za Corridillera. Ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi aku Canada, ngakhale nthawi imodzi idawerengedwa kuti ndi amtundu wawo. Amasiyana mwatsatanetsatane wa utoto ndi kuwuluka kwapadera panthawi yapano.
Yaimuna imanyamuka ndikuimirira, ndikukhala panthambi yayikulu, ndikukhala pamalo pake ndikukhazikika pamenepo kwakanthawi. Zikuuluka, zimayenda, zikuuluka pafupifupi mamita 20. Nthawi yomweyo mapikowo amapanga mawu awiri apamwamba, ndipo imodzi imodzi panthawi yakutera. Amakhala motalikirapo kuposa abale ena, pafupifupi zaka 12 mpaka 13.
Malo okhala nyama zakutchire zaku Asia
Mzimayi wamtchire waku Asia amakhala pamtunda wakuda bii paphiri ndipo ali ndi chivundikiro cha rosemary kapena moss. Mbalameyi imakonda bwino malo a m'mapiri ndipo sikuti imapezeka paphiri. Mwa ichi chophatikizika ndi mapiri okhala ndi miyala ndi talus, grouse wamtchire amatchedwa - mwala grouse, mwala.
Mbalame zimatha kupezeka pamwamba pa zitunda zamapiri zokha, pomwe zonunkhira ndi mafinya, zophatikizidwa ndi timitengo tating'ono, zimapangika mitengo yayitali. M'chilimwe, ana okulitsa amadya mabulosi.
Khalidwe labwino
Pakukhwima, yamphongo imalowetsa mkanjo wakuda, wokhala ndi nthenga zoyera. Dansi lake lokwatira limakhala ndi kudumpha ndi kuzungulira kuzungulira pama axis ndi madigiri 180-360. Akazi akaona wamkazi, wamwamuna wamwamuna tsopano “amataya mutu” wake osazindikira kuopsa kwake.
Zakudya za zakudya zozizira bwino zimaphatikizapo singano zokha, ndipo nthawi yotentha - mbewu, masamba a lingonberry ndi zipatso.
Zokhudza mchitidwe wamatumbo a Asia
Mkazi wamtchire waku Asia saopa konse munthu. Momwe mbalamezi zikuyandikira, mbalamezi sizithamangira kuuluka, koma mosapumira zimayenda pansi, kapena kuuluka kupita kumtengo wapafupi. Amakhalanso mwakachetechete pomwe akuwombera, ndikukulolani kuti mudzimange nokha ndi chiuno cholumikizidwa ku ndodo yayitali.
Amuna alemba ngati capercaillie. Nyimbo zimamveka phokoso lachilendo: "kotero,-n-wakuti, wakuti-n-wakuti." Kenako pamamveka mawu enanso, osazungulira, osinthika pang'ono ndikufanana ndi mphepo yolira ndi chitoliro. Ndipo ndikudinanso mokweza.
Mawu a nkhumba zakutchire ku Asia ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi kuyimbira kwa capercaillie.
Nesting Asia Zinyama
Yaikaziyo imakonzera chisa pamalo abisala nkhalango yobiriwira pansi pa mitengo yotchingira mabulosi, mitengo yakugwa kapena pansi pamtengo. Kuzama kwa matayala ndi masentimita 7, mainchesi a matayala ndi masentimita 17. Amakhala ndi singano yowuma ya mkungudza. M'malo opanda chinyezi, makulidwe ake amatha kufika masentimita 1.5. Mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, chachikazi chimayikira mazira 7-12 46x32 mm kukula. Chipolopolocho chimakhala chofiirira komanso chaching'ono.
Mkazi wamtchire amalowa mwamphamvu kwambiri, amalola munthu kulowa ndipo ngakhale amakulolani kudzikhudza nokha ndi dzanja lanu. Nthochi zimabadwa limodzi, nthawi zambiri pakati pa June 25 ndi Julayi 5. Amakula mwachangu. Mwezi woyamba ana amasungidwa m'malo okwanira pafupifupi 100 kuchokera pachisa. Pakakhala zoopsa, zazikazi sizichotsa mdaniyo, koma zimabisala ndi anapiyewo kapena kusiya pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha masiku 4, anapiyewo amakhala akuwuluka, akuwuluka ndi mapiko, ndipo masiku 7-8 amatha kuuluka mpaka nthambi zotsika zamitengo. Wamphongo, mwachionekere, satenga nawo mbali polera ana. Mbawala zamtchire zimadya singano za spruce, fir, zipatso.
Mphaka wamtchire wamtchire amakhala ndi mazira 7 mpaka 15 amtundu wotuwa wotuwa, womwe umayamwa kwa masiku 23-25.
Mbalame zakutchire nyengo yozizira
Momwe kukugwa kwambiri, mbalame zakutchire zimazizira chisanu, pang'onopang'ono ndi chifuwa ndi mchira wawo. Atafika, mbalameyo imangokhala osayenda ndikuyang'ana mozungulira kwa mphindi 6 mpaka 17. Kenako imayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono mu chipale chofewa ndipo imakumba ngalande. Mu chisanu, mkazi wamtchire amamanga chipinda cha kutalika kwa 14 cm ndi khwalala lokwanira masentimita 6 ndikukhazikika mu usiku, ntchito yonseyi imatenga mphindi 8. M'mawa, mkazi wamtchire amachoka ku kamera, atasanthula zakale, ndipo zitatha amapita pamwamba pa spruce pamwamba.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhumba zakutchire ku Asia
Pakadali pano, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa grouse wamtchire kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Imawononga malo okhala mbalame, kudula mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri - spruce ndi fir. Pakukonzekera madera a taiga, nyama zakutchire chifukwa cha ngozi zake zimatha. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amapha mwachindunji mbalame, kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya kapena nyambo posaka nyama. Asia galu wamtchire ndi nyama kwa adani ambiri nthawi zambiri kuposa agalu ena.
Nyama zakuthengo ndiz mitala, ndipo zamphongo zamakono zimatha kukwatiwa ndi zazikazi zilizonse m'deralo.
Kuteteza Nyama Zakuthengo
Nguluwe zakutchire zaku Asia zidalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation. Mitunduyi imatetezedwa ku Bureinsky, Sikhote-Alinsky, Zeysky, Komsomolsky, Poronaysky, Dzhugdzhursky nkhokwe, komanso m'malo osungirako a Tundra ndi Northern pachilumba cha Sakhalin. Ikugulitsa bwino ku Zoo ya Novosibirsk. Mitundu yoyambira siyimakhala bwino ndi anthu. Kuyesera kuti amuchotsere mu ndege sizinaphule kanthu. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha choti ndinene: mtsogolomo, kukhalanso kwa nkhumba zakutchire ku Asia kumatha kuthandizidwa kokha ndi malo osungirako nyama, kuswana kwa aviary komanso chikhalidwe cha zachilengedwe.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Hazel grouse (Zimagwira bonasia)
Mawonekedwe Ndi ochepa omwe samadziwa mbalameyi. Njiwa yaying'ono, yayikulu pang'ono. Zowonjezerazo ndi zofiirira, mbali zake ndi zofiira, thupi lonse - mawonekedwe amdima momwe amapangika. Pali chochitika pamutu. Mtundu wa mchira ndiwosangalatsa - mzere wakuda wozungulira wazungu. Wamphongo amasiyana ndi wamkazi pakhungu lakuda.
Moyo. Hazel grouse amakhala mitundu yonse yamnkhalango - yamtali, yodula komanso yosakanikirana. Kwa Russia, mbalame wamba, yotsogola.
Monogamen, amapanga awiri ndipo m'tsogolo amasungidwa pamodzi. M'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe ili ndi ma alder, mitsinje, malovu a hazel ndi madera ena omwe amakhala ndi malo opangika bwino ndi malo abwino kwambiri osungira chisa, chomwe nthawi zonse chimakhala pansi. Awa ndi dzenje losaya, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mitengo yakufa, chitsa kapena chitsamba, momwe mu mwezi wa Meyi kuyambira mazira 7 mpaka 10, amaoneka, ofiira, achikasu, okutidwa ndi bulauni. Akazi akalowa, ndiye kuti amatha kufikiridwa pafupi ngakhale kunyamula.
Ngakhale ali ndi chizolowezi chofanana, ziphuphu za hazel zimayendabe. Izi zikuchitika mu Epulo, pamene "amuna oyandikana nawo" adayamba kudumphira pamtengo wina kupita pamzake, ndikupanga phokoso ndikulimbikitsana kumenya nkhondo. Mawu a grouse ali ngati mzungu wautali, woonda yemwe amalowa pansi. Imawuluka bwino komanso kuthamanga, imadziwa kuyendetsa mothamanga mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri imapukusa mapiko ake, imadziwa "kuthyololoka".
Ngakhale imachoka ndi phokoso lalikulu kwambiri, imakhala mwakachetechete makamaka pamtengo. Opusa ndipo chifukwa chake osaka amasaka iye mosavuta ndi ma titter. M'chilimwe, chakudya chimasonkhanitsidwa pansi, ndipo nthawi yozizira - pamitengo. Awa ndi mbewu, masamba ndi mphukira zamasamba, zipatso, zipatso za birch kapena alder, komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndi mtundu wamtengo wapatali wamakampani.
Mitundu yofananira. Chimawoneka ngati nkhumba zakutchire, chimasiyana m'mitundu mitundu.
Gulu la nkhuku. Banja la agogo. Hazel grouse.
Zojambula ndi malo okhalako grouse
Maonekedwe a grouse yakuthengo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi grouse wakuda ndi hazel grouse. Khalidwe lake ndilofanana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha mbalamezi. Titha kunena mbalame yakuthengo - ichi ndi chinthu pakati pa grouse wakuda ndi hazel grouse, grouse wakuda ndi wokulirapo pang'ono.
Mukayang'ana nguluwe zakutchire, simunganene kuti zimalemera pafupifupi 500-600 gr., Kuchuluka kwatsitsi kumapangitsa kuti kukule pang'ono. Kutalika kwa mbalameyi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 45. Ngakhale kuti nkhumba zamtchire zimakhala ndi mapiko ochepa, izi sizimalepheretsa kuthamanga kwouluka.
Mu chithunzi, mbalame yakuthengo ndi yachikazi
Miyendo yake imakutidwa ndi fluff, nthawi yozizira izi zimamulepheretsa kuzizira. Grouse ndiyopepuka pang'ono kuposa mkazi wamtchire. Amakhalanso ndi mndandanda wamalingaliro amtundu wa motley motsutsana ndi maziko azomwe zili, zikuluzikulu zakuda.
Pa iye mutha kuwona wofiira, beige, wokhala ndi mtundu wotuwa, mawanga. Nthenga zoyera ngati chipale chofewa zimadziwika kwambiri kumapeto kwa mchira ndi mapiko. Kusiyanitsa koyera ndi kwamdima kumampatsa mkazi wamtchire kukongola kodabwitsa, nthawi yomweyo, kumateteza kwa adani.
Mtunduwu suwonetsa kuonekera pakati pa nthambi za mitengo. Akazi amakhala ndi zoyera zambiri zoyera, ndipo maziko akunyambaku sakhala matumba amdima ngati amphongo, koma opepuka ndi tint yofiirira.
Chiwerengero cha mbalamezi masiku ano sichofalikira monga nthawi ya Soviet. Ochulukirapo awonedwa pagombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk, kum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia, kumwera kwa Yakutia.
Dikusha amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowirira. Kwa iye, malo abwino okhala ndi mithunzi yopanda kanthu, yodziwika chifukwa cha kunyowa, pomwe m'nkhokwe zazing'onoting'ono, ma buluu, masamba amtambo amaphulika. Kwa iwo, chivundikiro chabwino cha dothi, pomwe pali mulingo wokwanira wa bulu.
Chiwerengero cha mbalame zam'tchire kwambiri kuchuluka mu 90s wathawu atumwi. Nyama zambirimbiri zimatengedwera kumalo osungira nyama zambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Zoo ya Novosibirsk ndipo tsopano ntchito ikuwonjezereka kuti mitundu ya mbalameyi izikhala yambiri. Tsoka ilo, andibwi akupitiliza ntchito yawo, kusaka kwamtchire kulangidwa ndi lamulo.
Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha akazi amtchire
Wosangalatsa amakonda kukhala mwakachetechete panthambi za mitengo kuti palibe amene amuona. Mbalameyi si yamanyazi, mpaka kudandaula kwake. Izi ndizochitika zomwe zidathandizira kulembetsa kwa grouse wamtchire ku Red Book.
Mbalame zimayenda mosiyana ndi moyo wawo, kawirikawiri zikasochera. Kusakhazikika kwawo kumathandizira kuti zisawoneke munthambi za mitengo. Ngakhale nthambi, zimangokhala 2 mita kuchokera pansi.
Osawuluka mtunda wautali, amakonda kukhala malo amodzi. Khalidwe lachilendo la akazi amtchire chagona kuti, pochita mantha, munthu akapezeka pafupi, sauluka, koma m'malo mwake amawuluka pafupi ndikumuyang'ana mwachidwi.
Ndiye chifukwa chake nguluwe zakuthengo - njira yosavuta yosakira alenje, chifukwa simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makatoni. Ndikukwanira kumangirira zingwe zambiri ndikumangotenga anthu omwe ali mumalowo modekha.
Ngakhale ndi nkhawa zowopsa, galu wamtchire sakuwafuula, kuwopseza aliyense m'deralo, koma modzichepetsa adzayang'ana zomwe zikuchitika. Khalidwe lakutchire chifukwa chakuti mtundu wake umalola kuti usaoneke pakati pa masamba a mitengo kwanthawi yayitali. Alibe kuleza mtima mu izi, makamaka m'masiku oyamba, chifukwa mkazi wamtchire amakonda kugwedeza pakadali pano, amakhala wolimbikira ndikudya chakudya chamadzulo.
Kudyetsa nkhumba zakuthengo
Pokhala mbalame ya banja la agogo, amadyera chimodzimodzi galu wamtchire. Gawo lalikulu la malonda ndi chakudya chomera. Kwambiri, mkazi wamtchire amakonda singano, izi ndi pafupifupi 70% za zakudya zake.
Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino chaka chonse. Kusintha, phwando lamtchire lamtchire limadya pa raspberries, mabulosi abulu, ndi masamba a lingonberry. Nthawi zina mbalame sizinyalanyaza tizilombo monga nsikidzi, nyerere.
Kuti chakudya chitha kudutsa m'njira zonse za chimbudzi, grouse wamtchire amafunika kudya miyala ing'onoing'ono. Mukamaphunzira momwe m'mimba mwa mbalame zambiri zogwidwira, zinafika kuti timiyala timapanga 30% ya chakudya chonse.
Achichepere amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo, chifukwa chamoyo chokula cha anapiye chimafuna chakudya chokwanira cha mapuloteni. Atafika pa kutha msinkhu, makonda awo amasintha, ndipo amasintha ndikubzala zakudya.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Kuyesayesa kukuyesa kubweretsa mbalame zaumbuli. "Chipatala chapadera chamtundu" chapadera chidapangidwira alendo achilendo otere ku Moscow Zoo, pafupifupi mzinda womwewo. Pokhapokha, malo okhala pafupi kuthengo, mbalame ndi nyama zimatha kubereka.
Pali malo awiriawiri a Far Easters. Kuphatikiza ku Moscow, malo ena osungira nyama ndi zachilengedwe akhudzidwa ndi kuswana kwa mbalame zosowa - Sikhote-Alinsky, Komsomolsky, Zeysky, Bureinsky, Dzhungursky, Paranaysky, komanso Tundra ndi Severny pachilumba cha Sakhalin.
Mwachitsanzo, mu Zoo ya Novosibirsk ntchito izi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira mu 1986, ndipo anapiye ambiri adadulidwa. Podzafika mu 2008, zinthu zidaloleza kumasula anthu pafupifupi 100 kuthengo ngati zoyeserera. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pagulu laling'ono la Novosibirsk pakabuka anthu.
Kusayenda kwa mbalame komanso kusawopa kwenikweni zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kukhala malo okongoletsera komanso malo ena achinsinsi. Amakhala bwino ndi anthu ena okhala pamagalimoto. Mkhalidwe waukulu womwe uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikupanga malo obisika komwe amatha kubisala.
Moyenera, mbalameyi ibzalidwe awiriawiri, makamaka pamalo omwe ali munkhalango yotentha. Kenako amatha kupanga zofanana ndi zodziwika bwino. Kusunthika m'moyo wokhala wokhala ndi taiga ndikosayenera, chinthu chachikulu pano ndikuwunika komanso kuyesa nthawi ndi nthawi majeremusi komanso thanzi. Zakudya zawo ndizosavuta, madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ngati pakufunika. Ngati malo otchingidwa ndi otambalala ndipo mitengo ikamera pamenepo, mbalamezo zimadzipezera zosowa zawo.
Adani achilengedwe
Njira yaku "kubisala, kuti ikhale yopanda pake," idatembenuza chilombo. Ali ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe, koma wowoneka bwino ndipo munthu adamupha. Ndi kovuta kuti nyama iletse kutsatira golo lodzichepetsa. Koma lamulolo limaletsa munthu kumusaka. Komabe, mungayang'anire bwanji anthu opanda mtima wamtchire?
Mdani wamkulu wachipongwe amatha kuonedwa ngati munthu
Zidachitika kuti mbalame yodumphayo ili pafupi kufa chiwonongeko chonse, komanso panthawiyo mkazi watchire mu Buku Lofiyira Russia idalandira chilolezo chokhazikika. Kuphatikiza pa olodza, kuchuluka kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi moto komanso kudula mitengo kwa mitengo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pokhapokha pazinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimasungidwa mbalame zochepa ndizotetezeka.
Mawonekedwe Kodi mzimayi amawoneka bwanji?
Mwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi machitidwe, ali wofanana ndi chipewa cha hazel, koma amasiyana mosiyana kwambiri, mtundu wakuda kwambiri wamankhwala, komanso kusapezeka kwa mutu wake. Ma metatarsus a nkhumba zakutchire amatsamira zala zawo, pomwe ma hazel grouse amakhala magawo awiri mwa atatu.
Nthenga za nthenga, makamaka zachimuna, ndizowoneka ngati chikwakwa, zopyapyala komanso zowuma. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 600. Mtundu wamitundu yonse yamitundu yambiri yamtchire ndi yofiirira; kunsi kwa thupi, matupi akulu akulu amitima yoyera amakhala opendekera. Amphongo amasiyana ndi wamkazi pachakuda chowuluka, mtundu wakuda wa chibwano ndi kummero (mwa chikazi ndi chofiyira).
Mtundu wa mwana wankhuku udasiyanitsidwa kwambiri. Pamwambapa, ndi loyera komanso "chipewa" chofiirira pamlingo wamutu, wotumbululuka chikasu pansipa.