Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Giredi: | Amayi |
Gulu: | Mapulogalamu |
Banja: | Kutalika kwa magawo asanu |
Jenda: | Tarsiers |
Tarsiers (lat. Tarsius) - mtundu wa anyani. Yoyamba kufotokozedwa mu 1769. Mpaka posachedwapa, mamembala onse am'banja la Tarsiidae adaphatikizidwa pamtunduwu, koma mu 2010 adaganiza zogawa banja ili m'mitundu itatu. Mitundu ya tarsiers imagawidwa m'mitundu itatu.
Gulu
M'mbuyomu tarsiers adalankhulidwapo gawo lakale kwambiri ladziko lapansi, lero amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mabanja a anyani owuma (Haplorhini). Ku Eocene ndi Oligocene kunali banja lomwe linali pafupi ndi omaliza amatchedwa Omomyidae, omwe oimira kwawo amakhala ku Eurasia ndi North America. Amadziwika kuti ndi makolo a anthu omata.
Siyanitsani mitundu itatu kapena isanu ndi itatu ya tarsiers. Pomwe asanu aiwo atha kuonedwa kuti ndi amtunduwu, mitundu yosasinthika ili ndi:
Khalidwe
Tarsiers ndi nyama zazing'ono, Kukula kwawo kumayambira 8 mpaka 16 cm. Mchitoyi, mchira wosavala ndi chilembo kumapeto umafikira masentimita 13 mpaka 27. Unyinji umasiyana 80 mpaka 150 g. Thupi limakhala loonda. Chovalachi chimakhala chofewa, chofewa. Mtundu wa msana umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku bulauni, thonje lowala. Amasiyanitsidwa makamaka ndi gawo lalitali la phala, lomwe linapatsa dzinalo. Miyendo isanu ndi zisanu. Zala zake ndizitali, zopyapyala, ndizitali pamapeto.
Mutu waukulu wozungulira wokhala pamsana wowongoka mowongoka kuposa womwe umaimilira anthu ena amtundu wa nyani, komanso wotha kusintha pafupifupi 360 °, ubongo wawukulu, komanso kumva bwino. Tarsiers ndi gawo loyambirira lodziwika lomwe "limalankhulana" mu ultrasound yoyera. Amatha kumva mawu okhala ndi mafunde pafupipafupi mpaka 90 kHz ndipo amafuula pafupipafupi 70 kHz. Mawonekedwe a mano: incisors 2/1, fangs 1/1, pre-radical 3/3, molar 3/3, 34 mano kwathunthu.
Zala zazitali ndizitali kwambiri, zimakhala ndi malekezero okhala ndi makulidwe, ngati kuti zimayamwa, zimathandizira kukwera mitengo, makutu ndi ozungulira komanso opanda kanthu. Chovala chofewa chimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena waimvi. Komabe, chidwi chachikulu pakuwoneka kwa tarsiers chimakopeka ndi maso akulu ndi mainchesi ofikira 16 mm, omwe akuyang'ana kutsogolo kuposa anyani ena akale. Potengera kukula kwa anthu, maso a tarsiers ndi kukula kwa apulo. Kuphatikiza apo, maso awo akuluakulu achikaso amawoneka mumdima. Wophunzirayo wamkulu amatha kuthandizira kwambiri.
Minofu yokhala ndi nkhope yolimba imalola nyamayo kuti izisangalala.
Khalidwe
Tarsiers amagwira ntchito makamaka usiku. Amakhala pamitengo m'nkhalango, kubisala masamba obiriwira masana. Amadziwa kukwera mitengo mwaluso kwambiri ndipo amalumphira kutali kuchokera pamtengo wina. Kusunthira pansi, mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali ya kumbuyo imadumphira kutalika kwa masentimita 170 ndi kutalika kwa 160 cm, ndikuponyera kumbuyo miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ngati chule kapena udzu. Amagwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati chopinga.
Monga lamulo, tarsiers ndi osilira; nyama zamtchire, anthu pawokha amatha kupatulidwa ndi ma kilomita, ndipo amachita nsanje kwambiri ndi chitetezo chamalo awo. Mwayi wabwino wokumana ndi mkazi ndi wamwamuna umaperekedwa mwezi wathunthu mu Disembala-Januware, akakhala ndi nthawi yokwanirana. M'mapangidwe opangidwa mwapadera, komabe, tarsiers amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (mpaka anthu anayi).
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chakudya chachikulu cha tarsiers ndi tizilombo, kuwonjezera pa iwo amadya ma vertebrates ang'ono ndi mazira mbalame. Tarsiers ndi anyani okhawo omwe amadya zakudya za nyama zokha. Amagwiritsa ntchito luso lawo la kudumpha kuti agwire. Kwa tsiku, tarsiers amatha kudya, unyinji wake womwe ndi pafupifupi 10% ya kuchuluka kwake.
Kuswana
Pali zinyalala 1 mu zinyalala. Mimba mu tarsiers ndi yayitali kwambiri (pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi), ng'ombe imabadwa yopanga bwino, yowona, yokhala ndi kulemera kwa 24-30 magalamu. Choyamba, amamatira m'mimba mwa amayi ake kapena iye amawanyamula, akumatenga mano ake ndi scruff. Pakatha milungu 7, amachoka mkaka kupita kukadya nyama. Ana achichepere amatha msinkhu wazaka 11. Zaka za moyo zakale kwambiri zomwe zinali zodziwika bwino zinali zaka 14 (ali mu ukapolo).
Mitundu ya tarsiers ndi malo awo okhala
Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala ndi tarsiers kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Chilichonse mwazamoyozo, ndipo mwina zosachepera zitatuzo, zimapezeka pachilumba china.
The Philippine tarsier (siritha) amakhala ku Leyte, Samara, Bohol ndi Mandanao. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa izo kunapangidwa m'zaka za XVIII. Amishonale achikatolika, adamutcha "nyani wovuta kwambiri wa Luzon."
Komabe, wasayansi wazachilengedwe Karl Linney adapatsa nyamayi dzina lina - "nyani wa Siritha." Dzina lakale "Tarsiers" adamupatsa pambuyo pake.
Mitundu ya tarsiers.
Anthu akumaloko amatchulabe nyani uyu mayina awo opangidwa: "mago", "magatilok-iok", "maomag", etc.
Ku Sumatra, Serasan, Bank ndi Kalimantan mutha kukumana ndi Banana tarsier (Tarsiusbancanus).
Ndipo Tarsiusspectrum, wodziwika bwino monga Tarsiers - Ghost, adakhazikika pa Big Sangihi, Sulawesi, Salayar ndi Pelenga.
Maonekedwe a tarsiers
Kutalika kwa thupi la tarsus kuli pafupifupi masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Ili ndi mutu waukulu, wosagwirizana ndi mutu wamthupi, womwe nyamayo imatha kuzungulira madigiri 360, ndi maso ozungulira.
Makulidwe amaso amatha kufikira 16 mm. Ngati mungaganize munthu yemwe ali ndi mitundu yofanana ndi ya tarsiers, ndiye kuti maso ake amatha kukhala kukula kwa apulo.
Imodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri za thupi la mbewa iyi ndi mchira. Zimathandizira nyamayo kuyendetsa bwino ndikutsatira njira yomwe ikufuna. Mchira wa tarsier ndi wautali kuposa torso wake.
Nyama ikakhala pamalo owongoka, nthawi zambiri mchira umayamba kukwaniritsa gawo la ndodo, momwe mungadalire.
Ubweya wa Tarsier sukutira thupi lake lonse. Zida, mchira ndi m'mimba zimatsala pafupifupi zamaliseche. Pamapeto pa mchira pokha pali burashi yaying'ono.
Moyo, zakudya komanso kubereka tarsiers
Tarsiers amakonda kukhala okha, kapena awiriawiri. Nthawi zina, mutha kukumana ndi gulu la nyama izi, zopangidwa ndi anthu anayi.
Nyani zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku, nthawi zonse zimakhala m'mitengo. Pa iwo tarsiers amathandizira kusunthira mosavuta ma buluti pamapazi, omwe amakhala ngati akuyamwa.
Komanso, nyama izi ndizongodumphadumpha modabwitsa. Amatha kudumpha mpaka 1.6 m kutalika, ndi kutalika kwa 1 mita. Njira yodumpha imakhala yotikumbutsa njira ya achule.
Pozindikira nyama, tarsier imadumphadumpha, ndikuipeza.
Gawo lalikulu kwambiri pazakudya za mbewa yaying'onoyi limapangidwa ndi tizilombo komanso abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha tarsiers, ndizotheka kupewa kuwukira kwa dzombe. Kupatula apo, dzombe ndi amodzi mwa zomwe amakonda.
Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa mbewa kubadwa kwa anyaniwa umachitika mu Novembala - February. Komabe, palibe chilichonse chomveka bwino cha mwezi uliwonse kapena nthawi, ndipo makanda amatha kuwonekera chaka chonse.
Tarsi yachikazi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi awiriawiri waziphuphu. Koma amadyetsa ana okha yoyamwitsa.
Nkhani za tarsiers
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo ndi maso akuwala mumdima, zikhulupiriro zambiri zimamangidwa zokhudzana ndi nyama zazing'onozi.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi zolengedwa zamizimu zam'thengo. Wina amadzitcha zolengedwa zodukiza kapena zonyansa zoipa.
Tarsiers amakhala m'magulu kapena awiriawiri.
Amakhulupirira kuti kukumana ndi tarisers panjira ndi njira yabwino.
Mwamwayi, pazifukwa zonsezi, mbewa zazing'onozi zimawopa kukhumudwitsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadutsa.
Zochitika pakalipano
Pali ochepa oyendetsa pansi pano. Mlandu wochotsa malo okhala nyamazi ndi anthu.
Tsopano akuyesayesa kuti awaberekenso m'malo opanga mwaluso. Pakadali pano sanabweretse zotsatira zomwe akufunazo, koma tikuyembekeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chitha kupitilizidwa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Onani mafotokozedwe
Nyamayi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwakuti imakwanira mosavuta m'manja mwa munthu wamkulu. Kukula kwawo kumayambira 10 mpaka 16 cm, kutalika kumayesedwa kuchokera kumtunda kumutu mpaka kumchira. Koma mchirawo ndi wautali kwambiri kuti nthawi zina umapitilira kukula kawiri. Kulemera sikudutsa 130 - 160 gr. Monga zimayembekezeredwa, amuna amalemera kwambiri.
Ma tarsi amakhala ndi ma tayi ataliitali, koma miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yokulirapo kuti ipange mosavuta kukankha ndikuuluka ndege pang'ono. Kudumpha kwa nyama zazing'onoting'onozi ndizabwino komanso mwachangu. Miyendo yawo yonse imakhala ndi zala zazitali kwambiri - 5 pachilichonse, zokhala ndi zibowo zakuthwa. Pa zala pali makulidwe omwe amathandiza kukwera mumtengo ndikutsika pansi popanda mavuto.
Mutu sufanana ndi thupi, popeza ndiwambiri kwambiri. Chomwe chimadabwitsa: chimalumikizana ndi msana vertically, ndipo izi zimaloleza nyamayo kuzungulira mutu wake pafupifupi madigiri 360. Tarsiers imathanso kukhala ndi makutu akulu, koma izi sizabwino zake zonse. Kumva kwa chithunzichi ndikakuthwa kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kuzindikira mawu omwe ma frequency awo akupitilira 90 kHz. Asayansi apeza kuti tarsiers ili ndi ubongo wofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake mutuwo ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Maso a Tarsier mwina ndi gawo lake lochititsa chidwi kwambiri, popeza ndi zazikulu zazing'ono za nyamayi zimakhala ndi mainchesi 16 mm ndipo ndizokulirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa ubongo wake. Mtundu wamaso ndi wachikaso. Anawo ndi ochepa kwambiri, koma mumdima, nthawi yakusaka ikafika, amayamba kukula ndikuwala, zomwe nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuti nzika zam'deralo zizichita mantha mwachinsinsi. Koma chifukwa cha izi, masomphenyawa ndi abwino kwambiri.
Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limakhala lofiirira kapena loyera. Zonse zimatengera mitundu yomwe tarsier iyi ndi yake. Palibe ubweya m'makutu ndi mchira.
Malo ogawa ndi malo okhala tarsus
Koma kubwerera kwa bwenzi lathu latsopano. Tarsiers amakhala kudera laling'ono la Malay Archipelago ndi Islands Islands.
Nyama yodabwitsayi imakhala yokha m'malo otentha, monga anyani ambiri, posankha moyo wake nkhalango, nkhalango zotentha, zitsamba, m'nkhalangozi. Pali mitundu itatu ya tarsiers. Uwu ndiye mtengo waku Philippines, tarsier - ghost ndi tarsier ya nthochi.
Maonekedwe a tarsiers
Maonekedwe a tarsiers ndi achilendo kwambiri. Mukamuyang'ana mosaganizira mumawona ngakhale mawonekedwe a otchulidwa mufilimu zopeka za sayansi.
Kukula kwa chilengedwe kunachotseratu nyama yachilendoyi. Komabe, mowolowa manja adampatsa mwayi wina. Pankhani ya tarsiers, lemur yokha ya mbewa, yomwe imatengedwa ngati woimira ang'ono kwambiri wakale, imapikisana. Ma tarsi ambiri amayenera kukhala m'manja mwa munthu wamkulu.
Kutalika kwa thupi la tarsiers kumayambira 10 mpaka 15 cm. Koma mchirawo ndi wautali kwambiri ndipo umatha kupitilira kutalika kwa thupi katatu! Kutalika kwa mchira wopanda tsitsi kumafikira masentimita 26. Thupi limakutidwa ndi chovala chofiirira chakuda, chofiirira, kapena chofiirira. Kupaka utoto kumapangitsa kuti tarsier isamabise bwino. Kulemera kwa tarsiers sikupitilira 150 magalamu. Mutu wake ndi wamkulu, wopanda maso.
Makutu ndi akulu, ozungulira mawonekedwe. Kumva kumapangidwa bwino, komwe ndikofunikira kuti pakhale usiku ndikusaka. Pakamwa pakatambalala ngati kumwetulira. Minofu ya nkhope ya tarsier ndi mafoni achilendo. Ndizoseketsa kumuwona akupanga nkhope ndi zokongola.
Maso a tarsiers ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa nyama zachilendozi. Maonekedwe a nyama yodabwitsayi imapereka chithunzi chakuti akudabwitsidwa ndi china chake.
Popeza tarsier amakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo okhaokha, maso ake adazolowera moyo wotere. Maonedwe ake amakonzedwanso kwambiri, ndipo maso ake amatha kuyang'anira usiku. Ophunzira ang'onoang'ono amatha kukulira nthawi yayitali mpaka kukula kosayerekezereka ndikuwunika kowala.
Miyendo ya ma tarsiers ndiyofunika chisamaliro chapadera. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi, koma miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kwambiri ndikupanga. Kutalika kwa miyendo yakumbuyo kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa thupi la tarsier. Mawotchi oterewa ndiofunikira kuti nyama yachilendoyi ipeze chakudya. Kupatula apo, tarsiers imangokhala pamitengo, pafupifupi osatsikira pansi.
Ndipo iye amasunthika, kudumphira pansi kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, amapanga kulumpha kwakutali mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, monga achule. Ulusi uliwonse umakhala ndi zala 5 zokhala ndi malo akuluakulu, ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso osasamala. Zala zake zimatha ndi mtundu wa kukulira, kulola kuti tarsier igwiritsitse nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Mapazi a miyendo yakumbuyo amakhala m'mutu mwa chidendene, chomwe iye ndi tarsier ndikupatsidwa dzina.
Mawonekedwe a Tarsier
Kupenda maonekedwe a nyama zachilendozi, tidatchulapo maso ake akuluakulu. Maso awa amawoneka mumdima, pomwe omwe amadzitcha nyama yachilendoyo "tarsier - ghost." Ndizovomerezeka kuti maso a tarsier poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi ndi okulirapo kuposa nyama zonse padziko lapansi.
Ndipo maso awa ali ndi chinthu chinanso. Alibedi mayendedwe.
Chifukwa chake, kuti afufuze zozungulira ndi kupeza chakudya chawo, tarsiers amakakamizidwa kuti atembenukire mitu yonse.
Chifukwa chake, gawo lina la tarsiers.
Mutu wake amatha kuzungulira madigiri a 180, omwe amapereka nyama yachilendo iyi mozungulira.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi vuto lofananalo. mawu , werengani zambiri zomwe zitha kukhala pano. Izi zimatha kugwira mantha paulendo wopanda chidwi, yemwe tarsier adzakumana naye panjira. Choyamba, imatha kuchitika mosayembekezereka, mwa kungodumphadumpha wamkulu. Komano pamakhala malingaliro akuti zinthu zopanda pake zomwe zikuchitika.
Mutu wa tarsier ukadalipobe panthambi, ikuyang'ana mwachindunji, umatembenuka mbali inayo nthawi yomweyo! Zikuwoneka kuti mutu umakhala ndi moyo wake wokha, wosiyana ndi thupi. Makutu akuluakulu a tarsiers nawonso ndi ofunikira. Nyama yachilendoyi ili ndi khutu lakuthwa kwambiri, imakulolani kuti mumve mayendedwe ndi phokoso la nyama, komanso ngozi.
Komanso, khutu lililonse limayenda mosadukiza linalo, limatembenuka mbali zosiyanasiyana, kumamvetsera kuzungulira.
Maonekedwe okongola komanso osazolowereka.
Khalidwe la Tarsier
Tarsiers - nyama yokhayokha. Ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limakhala pakati ndipo silimalola aliyense kuti aphwanye malire ake. Kukula kwa gawo lomwe mwamunayo amakhala ndi mahekala 6.5. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti akazi angapo amtundu wamkati, womwe amaloleza kukhalamo, amakhala m'dera lomwelo. Komabe, zimapezeka pokhapokha pakubzala.
Tarsiers amatsogolera moyo wosangalatsa. Masana, amakhala m'malo obisika a mitengo, m'ma tchire, mu nswala ya bambo, kubisala kwa adani achilengedwe, ndipo usiku amapita kukasaka.
Pomaliza
Ndi tarsiers, anthu amderali amakhulupirira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chowala kwambiri m'maso amdima a tarsiers amatchedwa mizukwa. Nyama yachilendoyi imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yamtchire. Ndipo mitengo yotsetsereka imatchedwa kuti nkhalangozi. Amakhulupirira kuti msonkhano ndi nyama yachilendoyi suyenda bwino.
Chifukwa chake, anthu akumderali akuyesera kuti asayang'ane tarsiers. Izi ndizabwino, chifukwa tarsier ndi nyama yomwe yatchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Chiwerengero chawo ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo kubereka kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Cholinga chachikulu chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi tarsier amawonedwa kuti ndi kuwonongedwa kwa malo a nyama zachilendozi, mosakayikira amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu.
Magawo
- Za Philippines
- Madera aku Philippines
- Ma Visayas
- . za. Bantayan
- . za. Boracay
- . za. Bohol
- . za. Thirani
- . za. Negros
- . za. Panay
- . za. Samar
- . za. Cebu
- . za. Siquichore
- Gulu Lachilumba cha Luzon
- . za. Luzon, Manila
- . za. Mindoro
- . za. Palawan
- Gulu la Chilumba la Mindanao
- . za. Mindanao
- . za. Siargao
- kuwona
- Zachilengedwe
- Malo
- Ambasi
- Map
- Nyengo
- Khitchini
- Ndalama
- Kapangidwe kazandale
- Gawo loyang'anira
- Kuchulukana
- Nkhani
- Zizindikiro za boma
- Malo ogona
- Maulendo ndi mitengo
- Kuyenda pandege
- Malangizo azikhalidwe
- Visa
- Kusambira
- Mtanthauzira mawu
- Matchuthi
- Nyimbo
- Zojambula
- Zolemba
- Malo / Nthawi
- Memo
- Zoyendera alendo
- Zosankha Zamutu
- nkhani
- Directory Directory
Funsani kuyendera
Filipino tarsier - Chinyama chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala kuzilumba zingapo kum'mwera kwa zilumba zam'madzi ku Philippines, ndizophulika komanso mitundu yomwe ili pangozi ya anyani.
Tarsiers kukhala pa Earth kwa zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 45, ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri ku Philippines. Padangokhala tarsiers zidafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Europe, Asia ndi North America, koma tsopano zimatha kupezeka m'makona akutali a pulaneti.
Habitat
Kutengera kafukufuku, asayansi adatha kudziwa kuti nyamazo zimakhala padzikoli zaka zingapo miliyoni. Komabe, ngati kale madera a ku Europe ndi Asia, madera ena a North America atha kuonedwa ngati malo awo okhala, tsopano malo amakhala ochepa, ndipo kukakumana ndi nyama zachilendozi, muyenera kupita ku zilumba zakutali za Philippines, ku Sumatra kapena Borneo. Koma ngakhale pamenepo kuchuluka kwa nyama kumatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo koposa zonse, anthu amatha kutchedwa olakwa ndi izi. Chifukwa chokonda phindu, ma tarsi amatengedwa kuti agulitse, komanso kudula nkhalango komwe nyama izi zimakhalamo.
Malo awo okhala ndi gawo louma kwambiri la nkhalangoyi, komwe kuli tsango lalikulu la mitengo. Apa ndipamene moyo wonse wa tarsiers umayenda, ndipo pachifukwa ichi amatha kuwoneka ngati muli ndi mwayi. Amasamala kwambiri, amadziwa kubisala bwino masamba obiriwira kapena mtengo wobowoka, kuwonjezera pamenepo, amakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo. Ndizosavuta kuterera mumtengo ndi nthambi, koma ngati mungafunike kubisala kwa mdani kapena kugwirira, iye amatha kudumpha pafupifupi 1.5 metres, komanso kutalika kwake. Mwina m'masewera amapatsa zovuta aliyense wothamanga.
Nyama zimadutsa mumtengomo podumpha, ndipo mchirawo nawonso umagwira nawo ntchitoyo, ukuchita ntchito yoyesa. Pansi pamtunda, samatsikira, amakhala omasuka kukhala pamitengo.
Phula laling'ono limatha kutalika pafupifupi 500 metre tsiku lililonse, kuteteza gawo lake. Ngati ophwanya malire ake akuwonekera, mwini wake wa mundawo alengeza za kusakhutira motere: amaponya chimtengo chovunda chochepa kwambiri, kenako zimadziwika kwa alendo osadziwa kuti nthawi yakunyamuka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti munthu samatha kumva mawu awa, chifukwa amatha kuwona mawu osaposa 20 kHz, ndipo nyamayo imatulutsa mawu omveka pama 70. Kulumikizana kwamtendere kwambiri pakati pa anthu kumachitika pafupipafupi.
Habitat
Filipino tarsier amakhala kuzilumba zingapo za Philippines: Bohol, Leyte, Samara, Mindanao ndi zilumba zina zazing'ono.
Imakonda nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndi zomera zowuma - mitengo, udzu wautali, zitsamba ndi mphukira za bamboo. Imangokhala kokha panthambi za mitengo, zitsamba ndi msungwi, mwadzidzidzi zimatsikira pansi.
Tarsiers - nyama zomwe zimakonda kukhala zayekha, nthawi zina zimakumana ndi zodutsana pazinthu zina. Gawo la munthu m'modzi limakwanitsa pafupifupi mahekita 6.45 a nkhalango kwa amuna ndi mahekitala 2.45 a akazi, kachulukidwe tarsiers motero amapanga amuna 16 ndi akazi 41 pamtunda wa mahekitala 100. Tarsier patsiku limatha kupitilira kilomita imodzi ndi theka, kudutsa malire ake.
Mayina
Dolgopyatov lotchedwa kuti lodziwika bwino ("lalitali", ndiye kuti, lalitali) miyendo yakumbuyo ("zidendene"). Izi zikugwirizana ndi dzina lachi Latin la nyama - Tarsius (kuchokera Tariso — «bondo»).
Kwa nthawi yoyamba Filipino tarsier zofotokozedwa koyambirira kwa zaka za XVIII. Amishonale Achikatolika ndi otchulidwa Cercopithecus luzonis minimus (Ndiko kuti, "nyani wa Luzon"). Gulu labwino kwambiri Karl Linneyzikuwoneka kuti adamvetsetsa kusiyana kwake tarsiers kuchokera kwa nyani ndikusinthanso nyamayo Simia syrichta ("Nyani wa Sirichta"), patapita nthawi pang'ono tarsier adatchedwa dzina la generic Tarsius syrichta ("Tched Sirichta"), dzinali lisungidwa mpaka pano.
Mwa dzina lake la sayansi la Chilatini Filipino tarsier nthawi zina amatchedwa kuti syrihta.
Chizungu tarsier amangokopa Chilatini. M'matembenuzidwe osagwirizana ndi chilankhulo cha Chirasha kuchokera ku Chingerezi, dzina la nyamayi limakonda kutanthauziridwa: tarsier kapena tarzier.
Anthu akumderalo amayimba tarsiers munjira zosiyanasiyana: "mawmag", "mamag", "mago", "magau", "maomag", "malmag" ndi "magatilok-iok".
Ndizosangalatsa kuti mafuko achilengedwe, kuti ayike modekha, asaganizire kukumana nawo maomagom zofunika kwambiri, zimatha kubweretsa mavuto. Tarsiers Amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zamtchire ndipo kuvulala kulikonse, mwangozi kapena mwadala kwa nyama, kumatha kubweretsera anthu mkwiyo wa eni nkhalango zamphamvu.
Achibale
Monga tingaonere kuchokera pagawoli, wachibale philippine tarsier ingopezeka pakati tarsiers.
Odziwika kwambiri mzimu wa tarsier (gawo lakum'mawa, Chithunzithunzi cha Tarsius kapena Tarsius tarsier,, iyi ndi yoyamba tarsieromwe asayansi aku Europe adakumana naye pomulemekeza tarsierswotchedwa tarsiers. Ghost Tarsiers yokulirapo kuposa Filipino, yokhala ndi miyendo yakumaso yopingasa (“yayitali”, ndiye kuti, “zidendene”) ndi mchira womalizira. Ghost Tarsiers amakhala kuzilumba Sulawesi, Greater Sangihi ndi Kumvera.
Komanso pezani bancan (kumadzulo) tarsiers (Sumatra, Kalimantan ndi zilumba zoyandikana).
Mkati mwa mitundu itatuyi tarsiers (Afilipino, kummawa ndi kumadzulo) olemba osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yodziyimira payokha. M'magulu ena, pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya tarsiers.
Chitetezo
Tarsiers Kutetezedwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso akunja, kuyambira mu 1986 mtunduwu wapatsidwa udindowu "pangozi».
Mwa zina, kugula ndi kugulitsa ndizoletsedwa tarsiers. Alendo amafunika kulabadira izi: nyamazo ndizokongola kwambiri, sizamanyazi komanso kufuna kupanga tarsiers monga chiweto chomveka. Komabe, kupeza nyama, umaphwanya malamulo okhwima okhudzana ndi kulanga ndikuyika moyo wako pachiwopsezo tarsiers: Kusunga pakhomo ndizovuta kwambiri (tengani tizilombo tochepetsa).
Chilimbikitso china chimakhala zoseweretsa zofewa zomwe zimaberekanso tarsiers pamlingo wachilengedwe.
Masitepe akuwonjezedwa kuti asunge ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe. tarsiers.
Mu 1997, pachilumba cha Bohol ku Tagbilaran adakhazikitsidwa Maziko a Philippinespine Tarsier (Philippine Tarsier Foundation Inc., www.tarsierfoundation.org). Foundation idapeza malo a mahekitala 7.4 mu Dipatimenti ya Corella ya m'chigawo cha Boty, komwe idakhazikitsidwa Tarsier Center. Pakatikati pa mpanda wokulirapo muli pafupifupi zana tarsiers, kudyetsa, kubereka ndi kuwonetsera nyama kwa alendo kumachitika. Tarsiers ali ndi ufulu kuchoka m'dera la Center, lomwe ena a iwo amachita usiku, akusunthira mpanda kupita ku nkhalango yoyandikana, kubwerera m'mawa.
Funso likubwera pokhudzana ndikupeza mahekitala ena owonjezera 20 kuti akukulitse malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi zina zoletsa alendo kuti azitha kupeza nyama.
Kodi ndingawone pati?
Kumanani tarsiers Munthawi zachilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri: nyama zazing'ono zimayenda mosakhazikika ndipo sizisonkhana m'matumba.
Ndiosavuta kuwaona ali mu ukapolo kapena m'malo osankhidwa mwapadera. Ulendo wapakati pake umaphatikizidwa ndi pulogalamu yoyendera ndi kuyendera Mtsinje wa Lobok (Loboc) pachilumba cha Boty.
Malo okwera
Philippine tarsier Nthawi zina amatchedwa zazing'ono kwambiri. Izi sizowona, anyani ochepa kwambiri ndi mandimu a mbewa ochokera ku chisumbu cha Madagascar.
Amamuyitananso nyani wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mawuwa ali pafupi ndi chowonadi, tikakumbukira izi tarsiers adawerengedwa ngati subord nyani wouma. Koma zimakhalabe zotsutsana, chifukwa tarsiers pitilizani kuwerengera nthawi imodzi theka nyaniosawerengera kuti "nyani weniweni". Mwa "zenizeni", zazing'ono kwambiri zimadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa anyani a marmosette - anyani a marmoset, omwe kukula kwake ndi ofanana, komabe amakula pang'ono kuposa omwe ali tarsiers.
Amatero tarsiersmaso akulu mogwirizana ndi kukula kwa mutu ndi thupi kwa zolengedwa zonse zoyamwitsa. Ndizovuta kunena motsimikiza, koma mawu awa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi chowonadi. Osachepera Buku la Guinness la Record limatsimikiza izi.
At tarsiers mazira okhazikika pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zolengedwa. Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi imadutsa asanabadwe ndipo panthawiyi mluza umalemera 23 gramu zokha! (!).
Kulemera kwamaso tarsiers kuchuluka kwa ubongo.
Malingaliro
khalani kulumikizana
Natalya Neretina
woyang'anira malonda
tel.: +7 929 910-90-60
Ivan Shchennikov
oyang'anira zokopa alendo
tel.: +7 926 384-99-44
Osasunganso pazomwe simungathe kubwereza.
T. Wheeler
Adani achilengedwe
Choopseza chachikulu kwa anthu okhala ndi tarsier ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Amasakanso nyama pofuna nyama.
Kuthira tarsiers, monga lamulo, sizikuyenda bwino, ndipo zimatha ndikumwalira kwa nyama. Tarsier sangakhale kuzolowera ukapolo, amayesa kuthawa ndipo nthawi zambiri amamenya mutu wake pakhola.
Kodi ndingagule nyama yoseketsa?
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo chotere, ma tarsi ambiri aku Philippines amafuna kusisita. Koma omwe adapeza mwayi wokhazikitsa nyama yaying'onoyi m'nyumba yawo amatha kuonetsetsa kuti sinasinthidwe ndi zinthu zochita kupanga, chifukwa sinali nyama yapakhomo, koma yanyama.
Zofunika! Pakadali pano, malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi amateteza tarsier ya Philippines. Kugula ndi kugulitsa nyama zoterezi ndizoletsedwa.
Zidachitika kuti tarsier wobzalidwa m'chikwere adayesera mwamphamvu kuti atuluke komweko mpaka adadula mutu wake mipiringidzo. Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa tarsiers ndiye choopseza chachikulu. Palinso anthu omwe amasaka nyama izi kuti apeze nyama yawo. Kuyesayesa kwa kuwononga ma tarsiers sikulephera ndipo kungapangitse kuti nyamayo iphedwe.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za tarsier
Ma nyani anyani amalumikizana zachilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi ultrasound, yomwe khutu la munthu silingathe kudziwa. Ngati mu manambala, ndiye pafupifupi 70 kHz, ndipo munthu amatha kujambula 20 kHz zokha. Kumalo kuli bwino za zinyenyeswazi zokongoletsa, chifukwa cha mphekesera komanso zikhulupiriro zamatsenga, zomwe amati ndizachidziwikire chifukwa china chake chokhala ndi maso akulu owala, zimadya ana aang'ono usiku.
Asayansi, njira, amatsatira lingaliro loti ma tarsiers adawonekera kale kuposa theka la anyani ndipo amalumikizana pakati pawo ndi nyani.
Kapangidwe ka thupi kamakumbutsa kwambiri munthu, palibe mafupa kumaliseche.
Kukhala ndi zala zitatu zomwe zikhadabo zakuthwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati chisa. Moyo ndi waufupi, tarsier amakhala zaka pafupifupi 13 mu ukapolo. Chifukwa m'malo ochepera, ana amaso akulu amabereka mosanyinyirika.
Kuyambira mu 1986, ma tarsiers aku Philippines adalembedwa mu International Red Book kuti akufuna kutha. Ku Philippines, malo achilengedwe adapangidwa, momwe muli zikhalidwe zonse zakukhalamo ndi kuzisungirako zazing'onozing'onozi.
Ndikosavuta kukakumana nawo komweko, amakhala m'mitengo, kubisala pamaso pawo m'miyala yayitali ya bamboo. Ngakhale sachita mantha ndi anthu ndipo amatha kulumikizana. Ngati mukufuna, titha kukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhani yokhudza galago ya Senegal. Mwa njira, amawoneka ofanana kwambiri.
Hunter ndi Maso Opepuka
Tarsiers amakonda njira yamoyo iyi: kugona pakati masana, komanso kukhala maso komanso kuchita usiku. Maso owala amawathandiza kwambiri pamenepa. Amakonda ngati nyali zimathandizira kupeza yemwe akukuvutitsani, yomwe ndi nthawi yoti adye.
Popeza nyamayi sazindikira chakudya chamtengowo, ndi ya banja la nyama zolusa, ndipo mlenje ndi waluso kwambiri, amakhala wokhwima komanso amayankha msanga. Nyani zina, kuwonjezera pa chakudya cha nyama, zimadyanso chomera.
Choyamba, oyang'anira amasaka usiku, nthawi zonse, amabisalira. Nyama imatenga mtima podikirira, kuwona ndikuwonekera ndipo imabisala modekha. Wovutikayo akaonekera, sathamangira kuti amugwire. Pokhapokha ngati pali mtunda umodzi, tambala amalumpha, kuponya mwamphamvu, ndi kuyika miyendoyo pamwamba, nthawi yomweyo imagwera ndikudya nkhomaliro.
Chomwe chimadyetsa mtundu wa anyaniwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso oyimira ochepa kwambiri a vertebrates. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala nsikidzi ndi ziwala, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimataya mitu chifukwa cha mano akuthwa a nyama. Wopezedwa akusaka ndi wa tarsier ndipo amagwira zolimba pamanja. Kuti akwane zokwanira, amafunika kudya pafupifupi 10 peresenti patsiku. kuchokera pazabwino zanu. Chakudya chokoma kwambiri kwa iye nthawi zonse chimakhala dzombe, komanso mbalame zazing'ono ndi abuluzi a mitengo amatha kukhala chakudya chamasana.
Koma nyama izi zimakhala zinthu zosaka mbalame zambiri zodya nyama, ndipo choyambirira, mdani woipitsitsa ndi banja la kadzidzi.
Kubalana wa mtundu
Tarsiers amakonda kukhala okha, kukhala ndi gawo lawung'ono lomwe limatchulidwa. Kwa chachikazi, malo awa amatsimikizika mu mahekitala awiri, amuna amafunanso kangapo. Koma kuyambika kwa Disembala nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi ntchito zazikulu, popeza nthawi iyi kuthamanga kumayambira nyama izi, kutsika kwake komwe kumadziwika kumapeto kwa Januware.
Amuna amakhala osakhazikika, ndipo munthawi imeneyi amakwanitsa kupeza akwatibwi angapo akukhwima. Koma poti mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yekha, kupitiliza kuchuluka kwa anthu izi ndiye njira yabwino koposa.
Chimbudzi cha mwana wosabadwayo chimatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Amayi samabisala malo obadwira ndi kusamalira ana, chifukwa azikhala ndi iye nthawi zonse. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali polera yekha ana.
Mwana wabadwa kale wamanjenje. Amawombera amayi ake m'mimba mwake, ndipo amayenda naye limodzi kwina konse. Makanda obadwa kumene samakhala osaposa 30 magalamu. M'miyezi yoyambirira, amadya mkaka wa m'mawere okha. Kenako zizolowezi zadyera zimawululidwa, ndipo mwana wokoma mtima, wachikondi amayamba kudyetsa, monga mayi wake.
Asayansi adatha kudziwa kuti pafupifupi nthawi yayitali nyama imeneyi imakhala ndi zaka 10 - 13. Popeza nyamayi imafanana ndikusowa, oteteza zachilengedwe akuwonetsa kuti izi zachitika bwanji, ndipo olamulira ku Philippines akuyesetsa kupanga malo abwino kwambiri a nyama izi. Palinso malo ena apadera omwe amasamalira nkhokwezi. Malo onse abwino okhala ndi kubereka kwa ana apangidwe pano.
Komabe, nyamazi sizilekerera malo okhala, ndipo m'ndende zimafa msanga. Ndi anthu angati omwe adayesera kuti asinthe ma tarsiers, kupereka zakudya zokoma kwambiri, kukonza malo otakasuka m'miyoyo yawo - palibe chomwe chinagwira, kotero nyama izi zimakonda ufulu, malo otseguka.