Nsomba zouluka zimasiyana ndi ena chifukwa samangodziwa kuthamanga kuchokera m'madzi, komanso kuuluka mamita ochepa pamwamba pake. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha zipsepse. Akayamba kutseguka, amakhala ngati mapiko ndipo amalola kuti nyanjayo inyamuke kwakanthawi pamadzi.
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Kodi nsomba zouluka zimawoneka bwanji?
M'madzi, nsomba zouluka sichinthu chachilendo. Izi ndi nsomba zamtundu wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo, nthawi zina wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Madzi akumtunda akuda kwambiri. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala ndizosangalatsa. Mosiyana ndi subspecies, ndizowonekera, zowoneka bwino, zamtambo, zamtambo komanso zobiriwira.
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Chifukwa chiyani nsomba zouluka zimawuluka?
"Chopusitsa" chachikulu cha nsomba zamtunduwu ndikutha kulumpha kuchokera m'madzi ndikuuluka ndikuwuluka pamwamba pa madzi ake. Kuphatikiza apo, mumagulu osiyanasiyana, ntchito zowuluka zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Wina amawuluka mtsogolo mopita patsogolo, wina amapanga maulendo atali kwambiri.
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Mwambiri, nsomba zouluka zimatha kukwera pamwamba pamadzi mpaka kutalika kwa mamita asanu. Mitundu ya ndege - 50 metres. Komabe, zakhalapo nthawi pamene, potengera kukwera kwa mafunde, ngati mbalame, nsomba zouluka zimawuluka mtunda wautali mamita 400! Chobwezera chachikulu cha usodzi ndi kusagwira. Nsomba zouluka zimawulukira mowongoka ndipo sizitha kupatuka panjirayo. Zotsatira zake, iwo amafa nthawi ndi nthawi, amakumana ndi miyala, mbali za sitima ndi zopinga zina.
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Kuuluka kwa nsomba kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apadera. M'malo osafotokozeredwa, ndi ndege ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zomwe, zikayenda mozungulira ndi mtsinje wamlengalenga, kwezani nsomba. M'mabuku ena, zipsepse zina zimathandiziranso kuthawa, zomwe zimasinthidwanso kuti zizigwira ntchito mlengalenga.
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Kuyambitsa nsomba kumadzi kumapereka mchira wamphamvu. Kuthamanga kuchokera pansi mpaka pamtunda, nsomba zouluka zimapanga mchira wamphamvu pamadzi, zimathandizira kusuntha kwamphamvu. Munjira yomweyo mitundu yambiri ya nsomba imadumphira m'madzi, komabe, mu mitundu yowuluka, kulumpha mumlengalenga kukupitilira kuwuluka.
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Kuuluka Zizolowezi Zam'madzi
Ambiri mwa nsomba zouluka amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Kutentha kwamadzi koyenera: 20 madigiri Celsius pamwamba pa ziro. Pali mitundu yoposa 40 ya nsomba zouluka zomwe zimapezeka munyanja zam'madzi za Pacific ndi Atlantic, Nyanja Zofiira ndi Zamchere.
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Nsomba zouluka zimatha kusamuka nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha izi, amawonekera m'madzi aku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, pakhala pali nsomba zouluka ku Far East.
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Oimira onse amtunduwu amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono osaya. Kutalikirana kwa malo okhala pagombe kumadalira kwambiri mitundu ina. Oimira ena amakhala pagombe, ena amakonda madzi otseguka. Kuuluka kansomba kumadyera makamaka ma crustaceans, plankton ndi mphutsi za nsomba.
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Kufotokozera
Thupi limakhala lalitali, lokhala ndi zipsepse zambiri zapamwamba. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 15 mpaka 40-50 cm (Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus) Mtundu ndi wamtambo wonyezimira, wopanda mikwingwirima yakuda. Kumbuyo ndikuda. Mphesa zamtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala zowonekera, zamtambo, zobiriwira, zofiirira, zokhala ndi mawanga kapena mikwingwirima yokongola.
Pompopompo ndiwopusa, chosiyana ndi ichi Fodiator acutus. Mano pa nsagwada zokha. Mphezi yachiwiri ya zipsepse zamkati imakhala yokwana pafupifupi pakati. Malipiro a dorsal amakankhidwira mwamphamvu kumbuyo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma ray a 12-14. Anal fin imakhala ndi zingwe za 8-10. Pansi pamunsi pa caudal fin. Ziphuphu zazitali zam'mimba ndi 6 rai. Kusambira chikhodzodzo popanda mpweya kupita kumatumbo akunja.
Kuuluka nsomba ndi munthu
Nsomba zosewerera zimakhala ndi phindu la gastronomic. Nyama yawo imakhala yokhazikika komanso yosangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri amatuta ngati nsomba zam'nyanja. Kugwira nsomba zouluka sizingakhale zofunikira. Monga nyambo, nyambo yakale sigwiritsidwa ntchito, koma yopepuka. Monga agulugufe, nsomba zouluka zimabwera ku gwero lowala bwino, komwe zimachotsedwa m'madzi ndi maukonde, kapena njira zina zaluso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
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Kugawa kwakukulu kwambiri kwa nsomba zouluka ku Japan. Pano, tobiko caviar wotchuka amapangidwa kuchokera ku icho, ndipo nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku sushi ndi mbale zina zamakono za ku Japan.
Mitundu ya nsomba Zouluka
Zouluka ndi argan. Anzeru ndi theka-mapiko. Nsagwada zawo zam'munsi ndizitali. Chifukwa chake dzina la banja. Gulu la ichthyological limagawa nsomba zouluka m'mitundu 8 komanso mitundu 52. Zitsanzo ndi:
- Chijapani Lingaliro lophatikiza. Ingoganizirani mitundu 20 ya kum'mawa kwa Pacific. Ambiri amakhala ndi buluu lalikulu kumbuyo komanso thupi lalitali. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 36.
- Atlantic. Mawuwa akulonjezanso. M'madzi a Atlantic, mitundu 16 ya nsomba zouluka imakhala. Mmodzi wa iwo amakhala m'madzi a ku Europe. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipsepse za imvi ndi chingwe chodutsa choyera.
- Sailor. Mtundu umodzi, womwe unapezeka mu 2005, ukusonyeza kusowa kwa nsomba. Imapezeka ku Gulf of Peter the Great. Nsombazo zidagwidwa kamodzi. Chifukwa chake, zidziwitso zamtunduwu ndizochepa. Amadziwika kuti oimilira ali ndi zipsepse zazifupi za pectoral, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa zisanu kutalika kwa thupi limagwera pamutu.
Palinso kugawanitsa nsomba ziwiri ndi ziwiri zamapiko. Zoyambazo zimangopanga zipsepse zamakisiti. Lachiwiri linakulitsidwa komanso pamimba. Za nsomba zakunja zosakhala za ntchentche, ndikofunikira kukumbukira mtembo. Amadziwikanso kuti chipewa.
Kuuluka nsomba ndi mutu wonga kamba komanso chipolopolo cholimba pamwamba
Thupi la nsombalo ndi lathyathyathya, lozungulira pomwe likuwonekera kuchokera kumtunda, silvery ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Kuzungulira kumakhala koyenera ndi zipsepse zomwe zimapangidwa kenako. Amakhala ngati watambasulidwa m'thupi. Ichi ndi china chake chokhala ngati nsomba.
Moyo & Habitat
Kudumphira m'madzi nthawi ina iliyonse, komwe nsomba zouluka zimakhala, amafunika kukhala pafupi ndi pafupi, pafupi ndi iye. Kudumphira kunja, nyamayo imakhala mumlengalenga kuchokera masekondi awiri mpaka mphindi. Paz osakwanira mumatha kuuluka 400 metres.
Ngakhale mapiko a nsomba ali osayenda, mchira wake umagwira ngati mota. Amapanga mikwingwirima 60-70 pa sekondi imodzi. Nsomba zawo zimapangidwa pamtunda wa mamita 3-5. Pofuna kukwera, kuthamanga kwa kudzipatula kwa madzi kumafika mpaka 18 metre imodzi.
Pali magawo angapo opatukana ndi madzi mu kuthawa kamodzi. Chimafanana ndi kusuntha kwa kapamba wamba. Nsombazo zimathothanso kuthamanga, ndikuponyera mchira womira m'madzi. Izi zimapereka chidwi chatsopano pakuyenda, ndikuponyanso nyamayo mumlengalenga.
Pothawa, heroine wa cholembedwacho amalozera mphepo. Ophatikiza amangosokoneza, kuchepetsa kukweza kwa mapiko. Mbalame, panjira, zimakondanso kusunthira mphepo. Kuuluka, monga kusambira, nsomba zouluka zimatumizidwa m'matumba. M'modzi - pafupifupi 20 anthu. Kaŵirikaŵiri nkhosa zimaphatikizidwa m'masukulu akulu.
Nthawi zambiri amachoka pamadzi pafupi ndi sitima. Sitimazo zimangoloŵera m'ng'ambomo, kuchititsa mantha. Kuyendetsa nsomba ndi njira yothawirana ndi ngozi. Palinso ena omwe angathe kudya nyama yomwe ili m'madzi. Nawa maluwa ndi kutuluka. Albatrosses, atsikana opusa, azisoka amatha kudikirira mlengalenga. M'madzi, nsomba, ma dolphin, asodzi ndi asodzi amasodzi akusaka ma volatos.
Nsomba zouluka zimakhala makamaka m'madzi. Mitundu yambiri imakhala m'madzi otentha komanso otentha. Mufuna kutentha kwa madigiri 20 Celsius. Palinso mitundu yamadzi abwino. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi South America Wedge-beladed.
Amasiyananso momwe amathawira. Mosiyana ndi ntchentche zina, nsomba zam'banja zimagwedeza zipsepse zake ngati mbalame. Maluwa onse ndi amtundu umodzi, ndiye kuti, amatha kupita kutali ndi kwawo komwe amakhala. Mitundu ya Atlantic-European, mwachitsanzo, imasambira munyanja zakumpoto miyezi ya chilimwe.
Nsomba Zowuluka
Ntchentche zimadyera nyama zam'madzi. Nsomba zawo zimapezeka m'mitambo yapamwamba yamadzi. Ma Shellfish amathandizira pachakudyacho. Mphutsi zina zam'madzi zimapitanso kukadya. Ntchentche zimapeza chakudya mwa kusefa madzi ndi ma gill.
Nyama zimagwira nyama ndi kumeza. Nsomba sizisakidwa mwachindunji. Monga heroine ya nkhaniyo, nsomba zazinsomba ndi anamgumi zimadyedwa ndi plankton. Maluwa am'maluwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi onse awiri.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
The heroine wa nkhaniyo amawaza caviar pamalo omwe amakhala - m'madzi apamwamba. Ma sacs a Yolk okhala ndi mazira amaperekedwa ndi villi. Amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi tsinde pazinthu zoyandama, mwachitsanzo, mabolodi, zinyalala, algae, mtedza wa coconut. Komabe, mazira a nsomba zam mapiko awiri kuchokera ku mtundu wa Exocoetus amasambira osakhazikika konse.
The villi ndi amodzi mazira mitundu ya m'mphepete mwa mitundu ya maluwa. Pakuponya mazira ndi umuna ndi mkaka, madziwo amasintha kukhala obiriwira kwambiri. Kudzazidwa kwa mazira kumakhala chakudya choyamba cha moyo wa mphutsi. Nsomba zouluka, zimakula m'masiku ochepa.
Mpaka nsomba ikafika masentimita 5 mulitali, palibe kufanana ndi akulu, chifukwa zipsepazo ndizochepa ndipo mtundu wake ndi wowala. Ndi zaka, mawonekedwe amasinthidwa ndipo kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kutha kuthawa.
Nsomba zimatha kutha msinkhu pofika miyezi 15. Mitundu yambiri yochokera ku Atlantic, mwachitsanzo, imapita kukawoneka mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa ndi malo owuluka ndizosiyana. Kutaya nthawi yai kumasiyana.
Momwe mungaphikire nsomba zouluka
The heroine ya nkhaniyi imagwira usiku, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imabwera kwa asodzi dzuwa litalowa. Ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, ntchentche zimagwidwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Polynesia. Komabe, zopitilira 50% za nkhokwezi zimapangidwa ndi achi Japan. M'dziko la Rising Dzuwa, nyama ya nsomba zouluka imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pamtunda, masikono. Nayi maphikidwe:
Nyama yokoma komanso yathanzi yathanzi
- Kupitilira magalamu 44 a mpunga, nkhaka imodzi yatsopano, zidutswa zingapo za nkhanu, 200 magalamu a tchizi, supuni 4 za viniga ya mpunga, mapepala a nori ndi caviar yokha (kuchokera mumtsuko umodzi). Phala limaphika pafupifupi mphindi 20 ndikutsuka koyambirira ndi madzi. Mpunga umathiridwa m'madzi ozizira. Viniga amawonjezeredwa ku mbewu zophika, zotentha. Ndiye kudula nkhaka ndi timitengo. Gawo la mpunga woziziralo limayikidwa pa nori. Kutali kwa pepala kumatsalira. Caviar imayikidwa pamwamba pa mpunga. Ndiye theka la mphasa limakanikiza chida chogwirizira ndikutembenuzira. Ndodo za nkhanu, nkhaka ndi tchizi chowoneka bwino zimayikidwa pamwamba pa tsamba la nori. Imangokulunga mpukutuwo pogwiritsa ntchito mphasa.
- Sushi wokhala ndi nsomba zouluka kuchokera magalamu 200 a mpunga, 100 magalamu a nsomba, supuni ziwiri za msuzi wa Sriracha, magalamu 120 a caviar, supuni ya viniga komanso shuga wofanana. Mpunga wosambitsidwa bwino umayikidwa m'madzi ozizira. Amakwirira chimangacho ndi chala chimodzi. Imafunika kuwiritsa, kenako kusakaniza shuga ndi viniga. Tuna osankhidwa bwino ndi kuwaza msuzi. Zimakhalabe kusungitsa sushi kuchokera kumunsi (mpunga), tuna, tchizi tchizi ndi caviar wa mitundu ingapo.
The heroine wa nkhaniyi amawonedwanso ngati wabwino ku Taiwan, ku Caribbean. Kuchokera pamenepo, malonda amaperekedwa ku Russia. Mutha kupeza nyama ndi caviar m'masitolo omwe amagulitsa zosakaniza ndi Sushi ndi masikono. Mtengo wa nsomba zouluka ofanana ndi ma ruble pafupifupi 150 pamtsuko wama 50 gramu wa caviar ndi ma ruble 300 kwa magalamu 100 a fillet mu phukusi la vacuum.
Dera
Kugawidwa makamaka kumalo otentha ndi madambo. Malo ogawikirawa ndi am'madzi okhaokha omwe amatentha ndi 20 ° C.
Kudera la Indo-Pacific, mitundu yoposa 40 imakhala. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean, ndi mitundu 16 mu Nyanja ya Atlantic. Mu Nyanja Yofiira muli mitundu 7 ya nsomba zouluka, ku Mediterranean - 4. M'nyengo yotentha, mitundu yambiri imatha kusamukira kumpoto, ndikusambira ku English Channel ndikupita kum'mwera kwa Norway ndi Denmark. M'madzi aku Far East, ku Gulf of Peter the Great, adagwidwa mobwerezabwereza Cheilopogon doederleinii.
Ndege
Pakakhala ngozi, nthawi zina popanda chifukwa chodziwika bwino, amawuluka mouluka: mothandizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yamphamvu, amathamangira m'madzi ndikuwuluka mumlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zake zazikuluzikulu. Kutha kukauluka kumawonetsedwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana mpaka pamlingo wina ndipo kumatengera kukula kwa nsomba ndi kuchuluka kwa zipsepse zomwe zimathawa.
Chisinthiko chothawa m'banjamo chinachitika, mwachidziwikire, mbali ziwiri. Chimodzi mwazomwe zidatsogolera pakupanga nsomba zouluka, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zamtengo pisewu yokha (woimira wamba - Exocoetus volitans).
Chowongolera china chikuyimiriridwa ndi nsomba zouluka (genera 4 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 50) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zam'mbali komanso zouluzira zapaulendo z pandege. Komanso, kuwongolera kuthawa kunawonekera mwa kapangidwe ka ndalama za caudal, maimidwe awo omwe amalumikizana molimba kwambiri ndipo lobe lakumunsi ndilokulirapo kuposa kumtunda, pakupanga chikhodzodzo chachikulu chasambira, ndikupitilira pansi pa msana mpaka mchira.
Habitat ndi zakudya
Habitat madzi ofunda a m'malo otentha ndi otentha amatumikiridwa. Nsombazo ndi thermophilic, ndipo matenthedwe amadzi awa satsika pansi pa 20 ° C. M'beseni la Indo-Pacific, kudziwika kwakukulu kwa anthu awa kumadziwika, mpaka mitundu makumi anayi. Imasuntha kutengera nyengo, amasambira ku English Channel ndi m'mphepete mwa kumwera kwa Denmark ndi Norway. Mu Gulf of Peter Great ku Far East, kupezekanso kwake kumadziwikanso.
Nsomba zouluka zimasungidwa zazing'ono. Kutengera mitundu ya nyanjayi, imatha kukhala m'madzi aku nyanja ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo: ma mollusks, nsomba zam'madzi, plankton, crustaceans yaying'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake
Kunja, "ntchentche" ndiyotupa ndipo sidziulula. Oyandama nthawi zambiri kuchokera pansi pamadzi. Mtunduwo ndi msana wakuda wabuluu, wokhazikika kuchokera kwa adani akumwamba ndi imvi, siliva, pamimba.
Nayi mitundu ya zipsepse chowala: zobiriwira, zowonekera, zamtambo, zofiirira, zamawangamawanga ndi zamamba.
Mutu umakhala wopanda mawonekedwe, mano amangokhala pa nsagwada.
Kukula kwa nsomba yaying'ono ndi masentimita 15-30. Zimphona Amadziwika ngati anthu omwe kukula kwawo kumafikira masentimita 45-50. Kulemera kuli pafupifupi 700 g. Mchira wake ndi wolimba, wotakata ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera panthawi yakunyamuka. Chikhodzodzo chosambira chimayenda mpaka kukafika kumchira.
Kapangidwe ka thupi mwa mawonekedwe toro amati nsomba imatha kuthamangira m'madzi. Mukasunthira pansi pamadzi, zipsepse zake zimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu mpaka mthupi. Amakhala ndi liwiro la 60 km / h.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Kuuluka Kwansomba
Nsomba zouluka zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zipsepse zake. Banja la nsomba zouluka lili ndi mitundu yoposa 50. Siziwombera "mapiko", zimangodalira mpweya, koma pakuuluka, zipsepse zimatha kunjenjemera ndikukutulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kunamizira kwa ntchito yawo yogwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zipsepse zake, nsomba monga zosewerera zimatha kuuluka mtunda kuchokera makumi angapo kupita kumamita mamiliyoni m'mlengalenga.
Otsatira chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko amakhulupirira kuti kamodzi, mwa nsomba wamba, anthu okhala ndi zipsepse amawonekera motalika pang'ono kuposa masiku awo. Izi zidawathandiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati mapiko, kudumphira m'madzi kwa masekondi angapo ndikuthawa olusa. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe anali ndi zipsepse zokulirapo anali otheka kuchita zambiri ndikupitilirabe.
Kodi nchiyani chimapangitsa nsomba yaying'onoyi kuuluka?
Mphamvu yakuuluka mlengalenga yasintha pakapita nthawi kufunika amakutsatani mozama panyanja. Kuuluka m'madzi, mbalamezi zimathawa m'manja mwa adani, koma zenizeni zikuwonekera kwa adani ena.
Albatrosses ndi gull nthawi zonse amakhala tcheru. Ali ndi adani ambiri. Anthu okhala kunyanja, mbalame ndi anthu amakonda kusangalala nazo. Chifukwa chake nsomba imakhala nthawi zonse pakati pamwala ndi malo olimba.
Zachidziwikire, lingaliro la "kuuluka" sizitanthauza kuti nsombayo imagwedeza zipsepse zake. Amawuluka pamadzi, zikomo zipsepse.
Kuyenda pafupi kupita kumtunda, ndikumenya kwambiri mchira, imakankha thupi lake kuti lituluke m'madzi kuthamanga kwa 30- 35 km / h ndipo imathamanga chifukwa cha mayendedwe achangu mpaka 60 km / h. Pakadali pano, ndalama za caudal zimapanga 70 70 pamphindikati. Mapiko a Fin atsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Ndi kapangidwe ka zipsepse zamakutu zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woti uziuluka. Zipsepse zimawoneka ngati mapiko a mbalame, zolimba komanso zolimba. Wedge-ngati mchira wakuthwa. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zipsepazo zikuwonetsa kutalika kwa kuthawa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi manambala ndi kukula kwake kwa mapiko a pectoral.
Kusiyana kwa zipsepse:
- Mapiko awiri. Zipsepse zamakutu zokha ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthawa.
- Mapiko anayi. Onse zipsepse zamkati ndi zamkati zimapangidwa. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya oyimilira.
Kutalika kwa kukwera pamwamba pa madzi ndi mamita 5-6. Kutalika kukhala mumlengalenga - kuchokera masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi, munthawi imeneyi imawuluka mtunda wamtunda wa 50-400 metres.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi nsomba youluka imawoneka bwanji?
Zomwe zimapanga nsomba zouluka, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, zimakhala ndi thupi laling'ono kwambiri, lalitali masentimita 15-30 komanso kulemera mpaka magalamu 200. Wopambana kwambiri yemwe adapeza 50 cm ndikulemera kuposa 1 kg. Amakwezedwa ndikuwongola kuchokera kumbali, izi zimawalola kuti athe kuwongolera panthawi ya kuthawa.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa nsomba zam'banja m'mipinga yawo, makamaka makamaka mu kuchuluka kwawo:
- Nsomba zokhala ndi mapiko awiri zokhala ndi mapiko awiri okha omaliza.
- Kuphatikiza pa zipsepse zamakutu, nyama zamapiko anayi zimakhalanso ndi zowongoka, zazing'ono. Ndi nsomba ya mapiko anayi yomwe imafulumira kwambiri kuthamanga komanso mtunda wautali.
- Palinso nsomba zouluka "zakale" zokhala ndi zipsepse zazifupi.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa banja la nsomba zouluka kuchokera kwa ena ndi kapangidwe ka zipsepse. Amakhala pafupifupi kutalika konse kwa thupi la nsomba, ali ndi mitundu ingapo ndipo ali otakata mawonekedwe owongoka. Mphesa za nsomba zimalumikizidwa pafupi ndi kumtunda kwake, pafupi ndi malo osunthika, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musamale kwambiri mukathawa.
Ndalama ya caudal ilinso ndi mawonekedwe ake. Poyamba, msana wa nsomba umawerama mpaka pansi kumchira, ndiye kuti mtengo wocheperako umatsika pang'ono kuposa mabanja ena a nsomba. Kachiwiri, amatha kusuntha komanso kugwira ntchito ngati galimoto, pomwe nsomba zomwe zili mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha izi, imatha kuuluka, ikudalira "mapiko" ake.
Kapangidwe kabwino kamakhalanso ndi chikhodzodzo. Ndi yopyapyala komanso yodutsa mbali yonse ya msana. Mwinanso kutengera kwa chiwalocho chifukwa chakufunika kwa nsomba kuti ikhale yopyapyala komanso yopanda tanthauzo kuti iuluke ngati mkondo.
Zachilengedwe zimasamaliranso mtundu wa nsomba. Pamwamba pa nsombazo limodzi ndi zipsepse ndizowala. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wabuluu kapena wobiriwira. Ndi utoto wotere pamwamba, sizovuta kuzizindikira kwa mbalame zodya nyama. Mimba, m'malo mwake, ndi yopepuka, ya imvi komanso yofatsa. Poyerekeza ndi thambo, limatayikiranso bwino, ndipo ndizovuta kuzimeza pansi pamadzi.
Kodi nsomba zouluka zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kuuluka Kwansomba
Nsomba zouluka zimapezeka munyanja zam'madzi otentha ndi nyanja zam'madzi otentha komanso malo otentha. Malire okhala malo amodzi amodzi amatengera nyengo, makamaka madera amphepete mwa malire. M'nyengo yotentha, nsomba zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kuti musitenthe, chifukwa chake zimapezeka ku Russia.
Nsomba zouluka sizimakhala m'madzi ozizira, momwe kutentha kumatsikira pansi pa 16 madigiri. Zokonda za kutentha zimatengera mitundu yapadera, koma zimakonda kusinthasintha mozungulira madigiri 20. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa kwa mitundu ina kumapangitsidwa ndi mchere wamadzi apamwamba pamadzi, mtengo wokwanira wa 35 ‰.
Nsomba zouluka nthawi zambiri zimachitikira m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Koma mitundu ina imakhalanso m'madzi otseguka, ndipo imangofikira m'mphepete mwa kuwaza. Zonsezi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi njira yobala. Mitundu yambiri imafunikira tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kuyikira mazira, ndi mitundu yokhayo yam'madzi yotulutsa ma sperta yomwe imasambira m'madzi otseguka. Mitundu yokhayo imapezeka pakati pa nyanja zamchere.
Kodi nsomba zouluka zimadya chiyani?
Pankhani ya zakudya komanso moyo, nsomba zouluka sizikhala nyama zodyedwa. amadya kwambiri ndi plankton, yomwe imachulukana kwambiri kumtunda, kwamadzi ambiri. Mafunde amasuntha unyinji wa plankton, ndipo nsomba zowuluka zimayenda kuseri kwa chakudyacho, zikusunthira m'masukulu akuluakulu kuti zidyetse.
Kuphatikiza pa nsomba zing'onozing'ono, nsomba zimakonda kudya krill, mapiko am'mapiko, nsomba zamtundu wina wamtundu wina ndi algae ang'ono. Kuti adye chakudya, amameza madzi am'nyanja ndi kusefa kudzera m'matomu, ndimeza zotsalazo. Komabe, m'malo a m'madzi olemera plankton, ena okhala m'madzi amapikisana nawo - anchovies, saury, mackerel, etc.
Wikimedia Commons / SEFSC Pascagoula Laborator, Kutolere kwa Brandi Noble, NOAA / NMFS / SEFSC (CC KWA 2.0)
Shark ya whale ndiyoopsa kwambiri nsomba zouluka: ikamadya, nthawi zambiri imameza nsomba ndi plankton. Pofuna kuthawa tsoka latsoka, nsombazi zidaphunzira kukwera mumlengalenga ndikukonzekera, kudalira mtsinje wamagetsi ndi zipsepse zake.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Kuuluka Kwansomba
Chifukwa cha zipsepse zachilendo, zonse zowoneka bwino komanso za m'madzi, nsomba zouluka zimasinthika bwino kukhala ndi moyo kumtunda kwa nyanja. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutha kuthana ndi gawo pang'ono kudzera mumlengalenga. Akamachoka m'malo amodzi, nthawi zina amadumpha kuchokera pamadzi ndikuwuluka pamadzi pamwamba pa madzi, ngakhale palibe amene angachite ziwopsezo pamoyo wawo. Mofananamo, amatha kudumpha akakhala pa ngozi chifukwa cha nsomba zomwe zadyedwa.
Nthawi zina nsomba zimapitilira kuuluka mothandizidwa ndi gawo lakumapeto kwa chakudali, ngati kuti zimazigwedeza, zikubweza kangapo. Nthawi zambiri kuuluka kumachitika mwachindunji pamwamba pamadzi, koma nthawi zina amatenga mwadzidzidzi m'mwamba ndipo amakhala kutalika kwa 10-20 metres. Nthawi zambiri oyenda pamadzi amapeza nsomba pazombo zawo. Amachita kuwala kowala ndipo amathamangira mumdima, ngati njenjete. Ena mwa iwo amadzera m'mbali, wina amawuluka, koma nsomba zina zimakhala zochepa, ndipo amafa pomwe agwera pamunsi pa sitimayo.
Madzi, zipsepse za nsomba zouluka zimakanikizidwa mthupi mwamphamvu. Mothandizidwa ndi mayendedwe amchira mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu, amayamba kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi mpaka 30 km / h ndikulumpha kuchokera pamadzi, kenako ndikufalitsa "mapiko" awo. Asanalowe m'maderawo, amatha kuwonjezera liwiro mpaka 60 km / h. Nthawi zambiri kuthawa kwa nsomba zouluka sikutha nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi masekondi angapo, ndipo zimawuluka pafupifupi 50-100 metres. Ulendo wautali kwambiri wojambulidwa unali masekondi 45, ndipo mtunda woyendetsedwa kwambiri anali 400 metres.
Monga nsomba zambiri, nsomba zouluka zimakhala zoweta m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri mpaka kwa anthu angapo. M'gulu limodzi muli nsomba zamtundu womwewo, zophatikizana kwambiri. Zimayendanso palimodzi, kuphatikiza kupanga ndege zophatikizana. Chimawoneka kuchokera kumbali ngati gulu la chinjoka chachikulu chikuuluka pamwamba pamadzi papharalala. M'malo omwe kuchuluka kwa nsomba zouluka kumakhala kwakukulu, masukulu athunthu amapangidwa. Ndipo malo okhala ndi chakudya chambiri amakhala ndi masheya osawerengeka. Pamenepo, nsomba zimachita modekha ndikukhalabe m'madzi mpaka atawona kuti sizowopsa.
Kodi nsomba zouluka zimawuluka bwanji?
Kuuluka pamwamba pamadzi, nsomba youluka imangofunika mayendedwe ochepa okha olimba, omwe imadziponyera kunja kwa madzi. Mlengalenga, nsombayo imayala zipsepse zake ndikuwonekera pamwamba pa madzi. Iye samawuluka kwenikweni mu liwulo, koma mapulani, kumatsamira mapeyala ake owongoka mlengalenga. Nsomba zina zimatha kuuluka mpaka 400 metres, mpaka kutalika kwa 4-5 metres, mtundu wamba wa ndege ndi pafupifupi 50 metres.
Kukhazikika kuti nsomba sizidziwa momwe zingasinthire komwe zikuwuluka. Akachotsedwa, amatha kuwonongeka mofulumira kwambiri kukhala cholepheretsa - pathanthwe kapena pagombe la chombo. Nsomba zina zimagwiritsa ntchito kuthawa osati pectoral kokha, komanso zipsepere zamkati - izi zimawathandiza kuti akhale mlengalenga kwanthawi yayitali.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba zokhala ndi mapiko
Njira imodzi yakukulira kupulumuka ndiyoti pagulu la 10-20. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zouluka zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zina zimatha kupanga zazikulu mpaka zidutswa mazana angapo. Pakakhala zoopsa, gulu lonse limathawa mwachangu kwa olusa, ndiye nsomba zochepa zokha zimadyedwa, ndipo zotsalazo zimapitiriza kumamatira. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa nsomba. Palibe nsomba yomwe ili ndi mtsogoleri kapena wogonjera. Mitundu yambiri imaswana chaka chonse. Koma ena nthawi yina, nthawi zambiri kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Munthawi imeneyi, nthawi yomwe nyanja ikuwuluka nsomba zam'madzi, mitambo, yowoneka yamtambo imatha kuonedwa.
Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, nsomba zouluka zimaswana m'malo osiyanasiyana am'nyanja ndi m'madzi am'madzi. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndikuti caviar yawo imasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti ipangike. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri timene timaphulika timene timakhala ndi ulusi wautali wolimba, ndipo gawo laling'ono limafunikira kuti amalumikiza mazirawo, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zoyenera pamagombe. Koma pali mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimamera pazinthu zoyandama, pa algae, mwachitsanzo, algae, zidutswa za mitengo, coconuts zoyandama komanso zinthu zina zonse zamoyo.
Palinso mitundu itatu ya nsomba zam'madzi za banja la Exocoetus zomwe zimakhala munyanjamo ndipo sizisuntha ngakhale nthawi yobala. Ali ndi caviar yoyandama motero, kuti abereke, safunikira kuyandikira kumtunda.
Amuna, monga lamulo, amakhalira limodzi ndi akazi. Pakukutira, amagwiranso ntchito yawo, nthawi zambiri amuna ambiri amathamangitsa wamkazi. Kwambiri akalamba owaza mazira ndi seminal fluid. Pamene mbedza mwachangu, amakhala okonzekera kukhala payokha. Kufikira atakula, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, koma chilengedwe chawapatsa mwayi wawung'ono pafupi ndi kamwa yawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kudzipanga ngati mbewu. Popita nthawi, amayamba kuwoneka ngati nsomba yabwinobwino, ndipo adzafika pa kukula kwa abale pafupifupi masentimita 15-25. Nthawi yayitali yomwe moyo wouluka umakhala pafupifupi zaka 5.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba zouluka
Chithunzi: nsomba Zamapiko
Kumbali ina, kutha kukhala mumlengalenga ndi nsomba kumathandiza kuthamangitsa olusa. Koma zoona zake zimapezeka kuti nsomba zili pamwamba pa madzi, pomwe mbalame, zomwe zimadyanso nsomba, zimazidikirira. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi gull, albatrosses, achule, chiwombankhanga, mbewa. Zoyang'anira zakumwamba izi, kuyambira kutalika, kupitilira, zimakhala ndi madzi, ndikuyang'anira mabombe ndi zoweta. Panthawi yoyenera, amagwa pansi mokhazikika. Pothamanga, nsombayo imagwera pansi ndikugwera m'manja mwake. Njira imeneyi idalankhulidwanso ndi munthu. M'mayiko ambiri, nsomba zimagwidwa pa ntchentche, zimapachikidwa maukonde ndi maukonde pamwamba.
Komabe, pansi pamadzi, nsomba zouluka zimakhala ndi adani ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zodziwika bwino m'madzi ofunda zimakhala limodzi ndi nsomba zouluka ndipo zimadyapo. Zimathandizanso ngati nsomba zam'madzi monga bonito, bluefish, cod ndi ena. Ma dolphin ndi squid amaukira nsomba zouluka. Nthawi zina imakhala nyama yotha kugwidwa ndi nsomba, zomwe sizimasakidwa nsomba zazing'ono ngati izi, koma mosangalala zimayamwa ndi plankton ngati zingakumane mwangozi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kuuluka Kwansomba
Mitundu yonse ya nsomba zouluka zam'madzi zam'nyanja ndi matani miliyoni 50-60 miliyoni. Chiwerengero cha nsomba ndi chokhazikika ndipo ndichulukanso, motero, m'maiko ambiri, mwachitsanzo, Japan, mitundu yake ili ndi malonda. M'nyanja yotentha ya Pacific, nsomba zouluka zimachokera ku 20 mpaka 40 kilogalamu pa kilomita imodzi. Pafupifupi nsomba 70,000 zamadzi zimakololedwa chaka chilichonse, zomwe sizomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwake, chifukwa popanda kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha pachaka, kugwidwa komwe kungachitike kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana amatha kufikira 50-60%. Zomwe sizikuchitika pakadali pano.
Pali magulu atatu apadera a nsomba zouluka zomwe zimakhala m'malo a Indo-West Pacific, East Pacific ndi Atlantic. Mu Indian Ocean komanso kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean, mitundu yoposa 40 ya nsomba zouluka imakhala. Awa ndi anthu ambiri okhala ndi madzi am'madzi owuluka. Ku Atlantic, komanso kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Pacific, alipo ochepa - mitundu pafupifupi 20 iliyonse.
Masiku ano, mitundu 52 ikudziwika. Onani nsomba zouluka agawidwa m'mabanja asanu ndi atatu komanso mabanja asanu. Mitundu yambiri imagawidwa mokhazikika, kutanthauza kuti malo omwe amakhala sawapitilira, ndipo izi zimawathandiza kupewa mpikisano.
Malingaliro ochepa okhudza nthawi ya kuthawa:
- Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi torpedo.
- Kutalika kwamtundu: anthu omwe ali ndi phokoso lalitali kwambiri.
- Chiwerengero cha zipsepse. Nsomba zouluka, zomwe zimangokhala ndi zipsepse zamatumbu, zimawuluka moipa kuposa oyimilira omwe ali ndi "mapiko" anayi.
- Kapangidwe kakakulu ka zipsepse zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya.
- Pomaliza: "chowuluka" sichimagwera m'madzi, koma kwakanthawi chimasunga thupi pamwamba pamadzi mothandizidwa ndi mchira. Pakadali pano, chikuwoneka ngati bwato, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi mphepo.
Nsomba zouluka sizingathe kuthawa. Zambiri mwa anthu omwe amalowa sitimayo kapena kuwombera mbali zikuwonetsa kuti nsomba zouluka salamulira njira komwe imawulukira. Kuuluka kwa nsomba zouluka kumakondweretsa aliyense, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba omwe amawona, komanso akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito panyanja. Mawonekedwe owala, osaiwalika.
Malo ogawa
Banja la nsomba zodabwitsazi zili ndi mitundu yopitilira 60 yomwe imapezeka kunyanja zonse zakumwera. Dera la Indo-Ocean lili ndi mitundu makumi anayi; makumi awiri akukhala ku Pacific ndi Atlantic Ocean. Chimodzi mwazomwe chimapezeka munyanja pafupi ndi Europe (mpaka nsomba zouluka ku Japan nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa m'madzi akutsuka mphepete mwa Russia.
Mafotokozedwe ambiri
Ngakhale kuti banja ili ndi lalikulu kwambiri, tikuwona kuti mitundu yonse ya nsomba zouluka ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi nsagwada yayifupi, ndipo zipsepse zamakutu ndizazikulu kwambiri (zogwirizana ndi kutalika kwa thupi). Popeza nsomba izi zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yowonekera, kumbuyo kwawo kuli utoto wakuda komanso imvi zawo zasiliva.
Mphepoyi imakhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (yowala buluu, yobiriwira, chikaso), ndi monophonic. Ndipo ,achidziwikire, onse amagawana mphamvu zouluka. Mwinanso, izi zachitika ngati njira yopulumukira kwa adani. Ndipo ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ambiri a iwo anaphunzitsidwa bwino “kuyenda” pa madzi am'nyanja ndi nyanja. Nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali zakutsogolo zimayenda bwino kwambiri komanso zangwiro kuposa zopikisana nazo zokhala ndi zipsepse zazifupi. Pa kusinthika, nsomba zouluka zidagawika pawiri komanso mapiko anayi. Nyama zokhala ndi mapiko awiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zamtchire zokha pakuuluka, zomwe zimakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu. Kuyenda kwawo mlengalenga kungafanane ndi kuthawa kwa monoplane. Mwa "nsomba zokhala ndi mapiko anayi", ndege zinayi za zipsepse zamakutu ndizo njira yothawira. Kuuluka kwa "ntchentche zam'madzi" zotere ndikufanana ndi kuwuluka kwa buluzi. Asanatuluke m'madzi ndi "kunyamuka", nsomba imanyamuka mwachangu ndikudumphira m'madzi, kukonzekera kuthawa kwaulere. Sagwedeza zipsepse ngati mapiko, ndipo sangasinthe njira yakuwuluka. Kuuluka kwawo kumatenga mpaka masekondi 40. Nsomba zouluka, kwenikweni, zimaphatikizidwa m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono, ochepa anthu ochepa okha. Koma nthawi zina timagulu ting'onoting'ono timakumana m'magulu akuluakulu. Amadyetsa plankton, crustaceans ang'ono ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zomera zimapezeka mu mtundu uliwonse munthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka, kutengera malo omwe zimakhala. Asanatulutse, nsomba imayendayenda mozungulira, kenako ndikutulutsa mkaka ndi caviar.Dzira lililonse limakhala ndi tsitsi loonda lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi ilo, lomwe, limayandama pamadzi, limamatirira zinyalala zamitundu yonse: nthenga za mbalame, algae wakufa, nthambi, coconuts komanso ngakhale jellyfish. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisathe kufalitsa mazira pamtunda wautali. Nsomba zouluka (chithunzi chomwe mukuchiwona) ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa. Pansipa adzaperekedwa oimira ena a banja lino.
Batfish
Batfish ili ndi mayina ena awiri - ichi ndi fosholo. Adalandira mayina ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi lake (ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso osalala) ndi zipsepse (mwa achichepere amakhala opanga bwino kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mapiko a zolengedwa zofananira). Malo omwe amakhala ndi madzi a Nyanja Yofiira. Thupi la nsomba yaying'ono iyi (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) ndi lozungulira, siliva wowala bwino wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, komanso wosalala kwambiri. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi ndi nthawi akuthamangira kukafunafuna chakudya mpaka pansi.
Ndipo osati kale kwambiri pomwepo nsomba yodabwitsa idapezeka m'madzi a Gulf of Mexico, omwe amatchedwanso "bat." Koma sadziwa kuuluka konse, ndipo amayenda pansi panyanja pamafinya anayi, ofanana kwambiri ndi mapiko ogwedeza a anyani ake anyamayi. Maonekedwe a chilengedwe chodabwitsachi sichodabwitsa chimodzimodzi: thupi lathyathyathya, maso akulu, milomo yayikulu komanso yayikulu yowala koyera. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima. Pano pali kukongola kotereku ku Pacific. Mwina pambuyo pake adzapatsidwa dzina lina.
Nsomba zouluka zachi Japan
Dzina lachiwiri ndi la mapiko a Far East. Nsomba imeneyi imakhala ndi thupi lalitali. Kumbuyo ndikuda bii komanso kutalika kokwanira, m'mimba ndi siliva wopepuka. Zipsepse ndizitali, zopangidwa bwino. Kukula kwa dinosaur ndikokulira - masentimita 36. Imakhala kumwera. Ndiwokonda kutentha koma nthawi zina imasambira m'madzi a Primorye. Kudutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Ndi nsomba yamalonda, yomwe singogwiritsidwe ntchito kokha mu zakudya zam'deralo, komanso yotumizidwa kumayiko ena.
Nsomba zouluka ku Atlantic
Dzina lachiwiri ndi nsomba zouluka kumpoto. Iyi ndiye nsomba yokhayo yomwe imasambira munyanja za ku Europe. Mtundu wamtunduwu uli pafupifupi wofanana ndi wa achibale aku Japan. Mawonekedwe apadera: ziphuphu zakukoma ndi ma porral opepuka amtundu wopepuka, pomwepo pali gawo loyera la mtundu woyera.
Chomaliza chakumapeto ndi chotalikirapo kuposa kumatako. Anamera kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Zingwe zoyera zazitali zimayera kuchokera mazira pamwamba pamadzi. Mwachangu pa chibwano chimakhala ndi chingwe cholumikizira, chomwe chimazimiririka pakapita nthawi. Nsomba zouluka ku Atlantic ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake zimasambira kumadzi aku kumpoto kokha m'miyezi yotentha ndipo imakhalapobe mpaka nyengo yozizira.
Mtengo wamafuta
Kuwuluka nyama zam'madzi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, motero ndikofunikira kwambiri mafakitale. Osangokhala nyama, komanso caviar. Mu zakudya zamdziko lonse la Japan, caviar, yemwe amaperekedwa ndi nsomba zouluka (tobiko ndi dzina lake), amanyadira malo.
Mbale zambiri sizingatheke popanda iwo. Kuphatikiza pa kulawa kwabwino, nsomba za caviar ndi nyama yam'madzi zouluka ndizothandiza kwambiri. Muli mapuloteni pafupifupi 30%, ma acids ofunika, phosphorous, potaziyamu, yofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa mtima ndi minofu, mavitamini D, C ndi A, mavitamini onse a gulu B. Chifukwa chake, nsomba iyi imalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe adwala kwambiri, ndipo komanso woyembekezera ndi ntchito yayikulu.
Tobiko caviar
Kuuluka kwa nsomba ku Japan kumatchedwa tobiko. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya zamtundu. Popanda icho, kuphika wotchuka wa sushi, masikono ndi saladi ku Japan sikokwanira. Mtundu wa caviar ndi lalanje wowala. Koma mwina mwakumana pamashelefu am'masitolo akuluakulu kapena malo odyera achi Japan wobiriwira kapena wakuda tobiko caviar. Mtundu wachilendowu umatheka pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wachilengedwe, monga madzi a wasabi kapena inki ya cuttlefish.
Caviar ya nsomba zouluka imakhala yowuma, koma Achijapani amangokonda izi ndipo amatha kudya ndi ma spons popanda zowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizopamwamba kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu: 100 g ya caviar ili ndi 72 kcal. Ichi ndi chinthu champhamvu chofunikira, makamaka chovomerezeka kwa amayi apakati ndi ana. Kusintha kwaukadaulo sikunasinthe kwa zaka zopitilira 500. Choyamba, caviar imalowetsedwa ndi msuzi wapadera, kenako ndikhatikiridwa kapena kusiyidwa ndi mtundu wake wachilengedwe, womwe umatha kupitilizidwa ndi madzi a ginger. Mtundu wobiriwira komanso mitundu ina, umafikira mashelufu athu ngati zakudya zamzitini. Ndipo zimatengera, panjira, osati zotsika mtengo. Padziko lonse lapansi, caviar iyi imawonedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Ndipo ngati mungaganize zophika kena kuchokera ku zakudya ku Japan, funso ndi: "Kodi kuwuluka kwa nsomba zowuluka kumakhala ndi ndalama zingati?" - zidzakuthandizani kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, paundi la tobiko wofiira mupereka pafupifupi ma ruble 700, ndi magalamu zana a caviar obiriwira pafupifupi ma ruble 300.
Zopindulitsa ndi zotsutsana
Koma ngakhale ndizothandiza, nyama ndi nsomba zouluka zimakhalabe ndi zotsutsana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba zam'nyanja zonse, makamaka caviar, ndizomwe zimagwidwa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amakonda kuzunzika ayenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zamtunduwu zam'madzi. Pano cholengedwa chodabwitsachi chimakhala padziko lathuli - chozizwitsa chachilengedwe chomwe chinagonjetsa zinthu ziwiri - mpweya ndi madzi. Asayansi amadabwa, chifukwa ayenera kuphunzira zochuluka kwambiri za nsomba. Ndipo kwa ife - kuti tikhazikike osangalala ndi mtsuko wabiriwira wonenepa ndipo ndikuganiza kuti chilengedwe sichinadziwike komanso kudabwitsa.
Kutha kuwuluka mu nsomba zouluka mwina kunapangidwa ngati chida chopulumutsira kwa adani. Atapeza liwiro lalikulu, nsomba izi zimatulutsa zipsepse ndikuuluka pamwamba pa nyanja.
Zambiri:
ZINSINSI
Kutalika: 15-50 cm.
Kulemera: mpaka 700 g.
Kufalitsa
Kukula: kasupe ndiye chiyambi cha chilimwe.
Caviar: Zamoyo zamtchire zomwe zimapezeka munthaka zimayandama momasuka m'madzi (pelagic); mitundu yomwe imakhala kunja kwa nyanja imagwiritsa ntchito mazira ogwiritsa ntchito "ulusi" ku algae.
LIFESTYLE
Zochita: nsomba za pagulu, kusonkhana modzipereka m'masukulu.
Chakudya: plankton, caviar a mitundu ina ya nsomba.
Kuyembekezera Moyo: Kusadziwika.
TYPES ZONSE
Pafupifupi 60 mosiyanasiyana mitundu ya nsomba zouluka kuphatikizidwa m'mapepala 7.
Kuuluka nsomba amakhala munyanja zonse zam'madzi otentha. Ndi nyama yolandiridwa ndi nsomba zambiri zodya nyama, monga nsomba ndi asodzi. Kuchokera kwa adani kuwathamangitsa m'madzi, nsomba izi zimapulumutsidwa ndikukwera mlengalenga, koma pamenepo zimakumana ndi vuto linanso. Zinyama zokhala ndi zilombo monga albatrosses, gulls, frigates nyama za nsomba.
CHAKUDYA
Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zouluka imakhala m'madzi otentha, momwe imadyera zooplankton - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pansi pamadzi. Makamaka, awa ndi crustaceans ndi mollusks, mphutsi zawo, ndi mazira a nsomba. Nsomba zouluka zimasonkhana m'malo omwe zooplankton zimanyamulidwa ndi zamakono. Amasaka chakudya pafupi ndi madzi kapena osaya m'makulidwe ake, komwe kuchuluka kwa plankton kumasonkhanitsidwa. Ma gill am'madzi amasefa madzi, akumeza zazing'ono zomwe zili momwemo. Nthawi zina nsomba zam'madzi zimakonda kukhala ndi nsomba zouluka m'malo amenewa komanso zimadyetsa plankton. Kuuluka nsomba zokha ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa nsomba zam'madzi zambiri, nsomba ndi squid.
Kufalitsa
Mitundu ya nsomba zaku Atlantic kuuluka m'mwezi wa Meyi-Julayi imayamba kupezeka mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mitundu ina ya nsombazi m'mphepete mwake imatungira mazira awo kumtchire kapena pansi ndi ulusi wamtali. Zawonekeranso kuti ndikutulutsa, masukulu a nsomba zouluka amasonkhana usiku pamalo amodzi ndikuzungulira mozungulira pamwamba pa algae, kumasula caviar ndi mkaka. Poterepa, madziwo amatembenukira wobiriwira. Caviar ya nsomba zonse zouluka zam'mphepete zimawonekanso. Mazira a nsomba omwe amakhala munyanjayi amakhala ndi zingwe zazifupi zomwe zimakhala ngati ma parachutes, ndikuchepetsa mvula yawo. Mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene amabwera pansi ndikuyamba kudya plankton. Nsomba zouluka zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi makolo awo mu mitundu yowala, zipsepse zazifupi ndi ma pralral.
LIFESTYLE
Kuuluka nsomba - okhala m'madzi otentha am'madzi otentha. Nthawi zambiri amadya plankton, yomwe imayandama pamadzi, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri iwonso amagwira nyama zazikuluzikulu zotchedwa tuna, kusaka m'masukulu olongosoka m'madzi otentha.
Tawonani gulu la nsomba zouluka, nsomba zikuyesa kuyandikira kuti zigawike ndikugawa ziwiri ndikugunda mwamphamvu. Kenako nsomba imathamangira nyama yovuta ija, yomwe ikuyesera kubisala ndi kudumphira m'madzi. Kuuluka mapiko am'madzi - Awa ndi zipsepse za pectoral lonse. Pakusambira, zimakanikizidwa kupita ku thupi ndikuwulura zokha. Kuthamanga kwa nsomba komwe kumatuluka mumlengalenga ndikokwera kwambiri kotero kumalola kuti kuuluka mamita angapo pamwamba pamadzi. Pakudula, nsomba imachotsedwa pamadzi ndikumaphulika mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu ndi kobiriwira, kenako imayambitsa zipsepiko - mapiko ndikuuluka pamwamba pamadzi kwa masekondi angapo.
Pafupifupi, kuwuluka kwa nsomba kumakhala masekondi 10; maulendo apaulendo okwanira masekondi 30 ndiofala kwambiri. Kutha kukauluka m'mimba mwa nsomba ndi njira yopulumutsira nsomba zam'madzi. Koma mlengalenga kuti muwoloke nsomba zowopsa zina zikuyembekeza - pomwepo zimakhala zogwidwa ndi mbalame zazikulu zazikulu zam'madzi: albatrosses ndi gull.
KAPENA MUKUDZIWA KUTI.
Pisces, ikukonzekera kunyamuka, imanyamula mchira pafupifupi makumi asanu pa sekondi imodzi.
Mbiri yokhazikika yapaulendo wotalikilapo, zinali zotheka kupanga nsomba zouluka: m'masekondi 42, nsomba zidakutali mtunda wa 600 m.
Nsomba zouluka zimapezeka pamiyala ya sitima yomwe ili pamtunda wa 10 m kuchokera pamadzi - chimphepo chobwera chimabweretsa pamenepo. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zouluka sizimakwera pamwamba pa madzi ndi masentimita angapo.
Zipsepse zamakutu - mapiko a nsomba zouluka - zimakhala pamwamba pa mphamvu yokoka ndipo zimapanga 70-80% kutalika konse kwa thupi la nsomba.
Ma dolphin amathamangitsa nsomba zowuluka ndikuzigwira pamene nsomba zimizidwa m'madzi.
NKHANI ZOSAVUTA ZA FISH FISH
Mchira: yokulirapo komanso yolimba, imapatsa nsomba kumayambiriro poyambira.
Zipsepse: zipsepse zazikulu za pistoral nthawi yosambira zimakanikizidwa kwambiri mthupi ndikuwongola. M'mitundu ina, zipsepse zamkati zimakulitsidwa.
Momwe nsomba zimawulukira:
1. Nsomba zouluka, zikuyandikira kumtunda, "zimagwira ntchito" ndi mchira wawo kuti zitheke kuthamanga kofunikira kuti tilekanitsidwe ndi madzi.
2. Popeza idalumphira pamtunda, imayala zipsepse zam'maso ndikuwuluka m'mlengalenga zingapo.
3. Ataona kuti kuthamanga kwathawa, nsomba imakhudza madzi ndi mchira wake, ndikuigwedeza, imalandira kuthamanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ipitirize kuwuluka.
MALO OKHALA
Madzi ofunda akumalo otentha komanso otentha. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ku Atlantic Ocean, ndikayamba nyengo yachisanu, imasamukira kumpoto ku Europe ndi North America, ndikubwerera kumapeto.
KULIMA
Angler amagwiritsa ntchito nsomba zouluka ngati nyambo. Tsopano nsomba zouluka sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zidzatha.
Ngati mumakonda tsamba lathu, uzani anzanu za ife!
Kuuluka nsomba m'malo moyenda. Pali cholakwika mu dzina lodziwika. Kuuluka kumafuna mapiko. Ma voliyumu alibe mawu omaliza ndipo osawagwedeza. Mapiko m'malo mwake ziphuphu zofanana. Zimakhala zolimba. Kulumphira m'madzi ndikufalitsa zipsepse, nsombazo zimawakonzekeretsa pamalo amodzi. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwuluke, kumangokhala mlengalenga mpaka mamita mazana angapo.