Mbalame yayikulu yakudya, chiwombankhanga chagolide, ndi cha banja la akambuku ndi ziwombankhanga. Mthunzi wokongola wamutu wagolide ndi khosi zimakupatsani mwayi kusiyanitsa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi abale.

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Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe

Golden Eagles amawona bwino kuposa munthu wokhala ndi masomphenya abwino. Mbalame zimakhala ndi maso akulu omwe amakhala m'mutu kwambiri.

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Mapiko ndi kuyambira masentimita 180 mpaka 220; munthu wamkulu amalemera mpaka kilogalamu 5.

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Monga mitundu ina yambiri yazikazi, zazikazi ndizochulukirapo, zimalemera 1/4 - 1/3 kuposa amuna.

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Utoto wamafuta umasiyana kuchokera kwa bulawuni wakuda mpaka bulauni, pamutu pali korona wachikaso wowoneka bwino ndi nape. Pamwamba pa mapiko palinso madera owala mwachisawawa.

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Ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zagolide ndizofanana ndi anthu akuluakulu, komabe, zimakhala ndi khungu komanso mawonekedwe owala. Mchira wawo umakhala ndi mikwera yoyera, pali malo oyera pa chiwalo cholumikizira, chomwe chimasowa pang'onopang'ono ndi molt iliyonse, mpaka zodzaza zonse za munthu wamkulu zizikhala mchaka chachisanu cha moyo. Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala ndi mchira wokulira, miyendo imakutidwa kwathunthu ndi nthenga.

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Malo okhala mbalame

Mphungu zagolide zimakonda:

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• m'mapazi
• zigwa
• poyera
• malo opanda pake.

Koma chifukwa cha nesting sankhani mitengo yayikulu kapena mapiri.

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Kumpoto ndi kumadzulo, chiwombankhanga chagolide amakhala mu tundra, malo okhala, malo odyetserako ziweto kapena mapiri. M'nyengo yozizira, malo okhalamo siofunika kwa mbalame; nthawi yotentha, mbalame za agolide zimasankha malo okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka kuti zidyetse ana. Magawo okhala m'nkhalango za chiwombankhanga chagolide amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, kuwuluka kosaka m'mphepete kapena m'mitsinje.

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Mbalame zokongola izi ndizofala ku North America, Europe ndi Asia.

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Zomwe zimadya mphungu zagolide

Mbalameyi si nkhwangwa, koma nyama yolusa yomwe imakonda kugwirira ntchito kukula kwa nkhandwe ndi mamba. Mlomo wa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi wabwino kuthyola nyama zazikulu. Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimadya nyama zakufa nthawi yokha yanjala, zikavuta kupeza chakudya.

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Golden Eagles amadya nyama zingapo monga anyani:

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• akalulu
• mbewa
• marmot
• zokopa
• nkhosa yovulala kapena nyama zina zazikulu,
• nkhandwe,
• mbawala zazing'ono.

M'miyezi yozizira, pamene kupanga sikukwanira, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatenga zovunda kuwonjezera pazakudya zatsopano.

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Nthawi zina, mtembo ukapanda, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimadyera:

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• kadzidzi
• zigawenga
• zabodza
• Wolverine

Malo otseguka omwe ziwombankhanga zagolide zimasankhira chakudya, zimapereka malo abwino osakira mbalame, zimakupatsani mwayi wofulumira kuchokera kumlengalenga, nyama yomwe ilibe poti ingathamange ndikubisala.

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A Eagles a Gold ali ndi maso okongola ndipo amawona yemwe akuzunzidwa ali kutali. Malamba a mbalame amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ndi kusamutsa nyama, milomo yawo ikuphwanya zakudya mzidutswa.

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Khalidwe la chiwombankhanga chagolide mwachilengedwe

Golden Eagles si mbalame zaphokoso, koma nthawi zina amalira mofuula.

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Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayenda mozungulira kwa maola angapo osachita khama kumwamba, ngakhale kutenthaku. Mbalameyo imakwera mumlengalenga kuchokera pansi, chiwombankhanga chagolide sichifunika njira yayitali kapena nthambi kuti akwere kumwamba.

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Dongosolo Losaka Ulenje

Amayang'ana chakudya, chouluka kwambiri kapena chotsika m'munsi, ndikuyang'anitsanso kuthyola kwawo kuchokera kunthambi zazitali. Akazunzidwa, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimathamangira, ndikuchigwira ndi zibwano zake. Ziwalo ziwirizi zimasaka limodzi, mbalame yachiwiriyo ikagwira nyama, mbalameyo ikathamangitsa mbalame yoyamba ija kapena mbalame imodzi ikatsogolera nyama yomwe ikudikayo.

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Kubala ndi kubereka

Pali mbalame zambiri zambiri zopanda nkhuku zomwe zimakhala kunja kwa malo omwe zimakhala, zomwe zimathandiza mbalame zambiri zazikulu zomwe zikupsa pang'onopang'ono.

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Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimagwirizana ndi mnzake m'moyo wawo, zimanga zisa zingapo pagawo lawo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Awiriwo amasuntha, kufunafuna malo abwino okulira ana. Zomera zimamangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yamitengo yamtengo, yoyala ndi udzu.

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M'litali mwake chisa chimafika mamita awiri ndi kutalika kwa mita 1, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakonza zisa ngati pakufunika ndikukula ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse. Ngati chisa chili pamtengo, nthambi zothandizira nthawi zina zimasweka chifukwa cha kulemera kwa chisa.

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Akazi amayikira mazira awiri akuda kumapeto kwa dzinja / masika oyambirira. Ma Eagles a Golide amadzimbidwa nthawi yomweyo atayikira dzira loyamba, lachiwiri limawonekera patatha masiku 45 - 50. Nthawi zisanu ndi zinayi mwa khumi, kamwana kamodzi kokha kamatsala. Mu zaka zabwino kusaka ana onse awiri amakhalabe ndi moyo. Pakatha miyezi ingapo, mbalame zazing'ono zimasiya makolo awo ndikuyamba kuthawa.

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Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimatha nthawi yochulukirapo komanso khama polera ana awo. Mbidzi zazing'ono zazikazi zimasaka zokha ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha kukula ndi mtundu womwewo.

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Kufotokozera za chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi zithunzi

Chiwombankhanga chagolide - mbalameyo ndi yolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha luso lake logwiritsa ntchito mitsinje yamlengalenga, amatha kuwuluka mlengalenga, kufunafuna womuzunza. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu. Kukula Kwa Chiwombankhanga ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70-90 m'litali mwake, mapiko apakati pafupifupi masentimita 180-250. Chiwombankhanga chachikazi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa chachimuna. Kulemera kwake kumafika pa kilogalamu 7, ndipo kulemera kwa wamwamuna wamba kumayambira 3 mpaka 5 kg. Mbalame ya chiwombankhanga chagolide imakhala ndi mulomo wamphuno wokhala ndi mbewa, yoweramira kumapeto. Chinanso ndi nthenga pakhosi - pa chiwombankhanga chagolide chagona pang'ono.

Mapiko a chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi aatali, achitali komanso olimba kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupindika kwapadera kwamapiko. Mapiko a chiwombankhanga chagolide amapiringizika pansi, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa phikoyo muli S-mawonekedwe. Ndi zaka, izi zimayamba kuoneka pang'ono. Kuthamanga kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide mu ndege yovumphira kumatha kufika 320 km / h.

Mchira wa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndiwotalikirapo komanso wozungulira kumapeto kwake kuposa momwe ziwombankhanga zimafunikira. Chifukwa cha izi, zimawoneka ngati kambuku, koma zimasiyana chifukwa zimawombedwa kwambiri ndi ndegeyo.

Maso a ziwombankhanga zagolide ndi zofiirira, mulomo ndi wodera, pafupifupi wakuda, ndipo miyendo ndi sera ndi chikaso chowala.

Liwu la chiwombankhanga wagolide limafanana ndi chiwombankhanga, chopatsa chidwi, chokhala ngati galu wolira. Chiwombankhanga chagolide - mbalame yamawu ochepa, nthawi zina amaimba likhweru kuuluka, imalilira pakukwera ndege, ndikuteteza gawo, kulumikizana ndi anapiye.

Makamaka mu utoto wa chiwombankhanga chachikulire, mtundu wa bulauni kapena mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi nthenga zagolidi kumbuyo kwa mutu. Amuna ndi akazi samasiyana mtundu: onse ndiakuda chimodzimodzi. Kusiyanaku kumangokhala pakati pa oyimilira akulu ndi achinyamata. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, mtundu wake umakhala wakuda, ndipo pansi pa mapiko pali kutchulidwa koyera komwe kumatsalira mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Malinga ndi akatswiri azachipatala omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu, "mawanga" awa ndi chizindikiro kwa akuluakulu.

Nthenga zoyera zomwe zili pamapiko a chiwombankhanga chagolide zimachitira umboni kuti mbalameyi singadziwe zambiri, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi kusaka kumalo achilendo, kuteteza chiwombankhanga chachikulire ku nkhanza. Pokonzekera kusungunuka, mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wa "wamkulu", womwe umakhazikika ndi zaka 4-5. Mtundu wa nthenga za chiwombankhanga chachikulu chagolide zimakhala ndi mithunzi kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka yakuda.

Mitundu ya Golden Eagles

Pali mitundu 6 ya chiwombankhanga chagolide, yomwe imasiyana mu mtundu wa nthenga ndi kukula kwake:

• Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos - amakhala ku Northern and Eastern Europe kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Siberia.
• Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Canadian Golden Eagle) - amakhala ku North America, Canada ndi United States of America.
• Aquila chrysaetos kunyumba (Chiwombankhanga cha golide ku South Europe) - amakhala kumapiri akumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe, ku Carpathians, ku Caucasus, ku Iran.
• Aquila chrysaetos japonica (Japan Golden Eagle) - amakhala ku South Kuril Islands, ku Japan, kumpoto kwa China.
• Aquila chrysaetos daphanea (Chigawo chapakati cha ku Asia) - amakhala kumapiri a Central Asia.
• Aquila chrysaetos kamtschatica (East Siberian chiwombankhanga chagolide) - amakhala ku East Asia, ku Siberia, ku Chukotka, akhoza kukhala ku Primorye, Mongolia.

Kodi chiwombankhanga chagolide amakhala kuti?

Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakhala ku Europe, Asia, America ndi Africa. Zoweta m'malo ammapiri, koma zimapezekanso kumapeto. M'mlengalenga, mbalame ya chiwombankhanga yagolide ikuyang'ana nyama, chifukwa chake, imakonda malo otseguka otseguka.

Mbalamezi zimakhala kutali ndi malo okhala, nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pamakhalidwe, zimakhala awiriawiri. Chisa cha chiwombankhanga chagolide chimapezeka pamitengo, mitengo, nthawi zambiri pamiyala, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwera pansi.

Chiwombankhanga chagolide ku Russia chatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Mawonekedwe

Chiwombankhanga chagolide - mbalame yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwamunthu mbalame yayitali ndi 85 cm, mapiko ndi 180-240 masentimita, kulemera kwake kumasiyana kuchokera ku 2.8 mpaka 4.6 kg mwa amuna komanso kuchokera ku 3.8 mpaka 6.7 kg mwa akazi. Mlomo ndiwodziwika ndi chiwombankhanga chambiri - chotalika, chopotana, chosemedwa kuchokera kumbali. Mapikowo ndiwotalikirapo, mulifupi, akungogundika pang'ono, omwe amapereka kumbuyo kwawo ngati uta wa S - mawonekedwe omwe amakulolani kuzindikira chiwombankhanga chagolide pouluka. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wozungulira, kuthawa umayamba ndi fan. Miyendo ya chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi inakutidwa ndi nthenga.

Zambiri mwa mbalame wamkulu zimakhala zofiirira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi tint yagolide kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi khosi. Akazi ndi amuna ali ndi utoto chimodzimodzi. Mwa achichepere, maula ndi amdima, pafupifupi akuda, okhala ndi "chizimba" choyera pamphepete ndi kumapeto kwamapiko. Komanso, mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mchira wowala wokhala ndi chingwe chakuda m'mphepete. Mtundu wofananawo umawasiyanitsa ndi chiwombankhanga chachikulire cha golide ndikuwateteza ku nkhanza - mbalamezi sizilekerera kukhalapo kwa alendo pabwalo lawo.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chizindikiro cha chiwombankhanga chagolide ndichowoneka bwino kwambiri. Amatha kuwona kalulu woyenda kuchokera kutalika kwamakilomita awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, minyewa yapadera yamaso imayang'ana ma lens pa chinthucho, kulepheretsa mbalameyo kuiwala, kuchuluka kwa maselo owoneka ndi maso (ma cones ndi ndodo) kumapereka chithunzi chomveka bwino.

Golden Eagles amasiyana ndi mbalame zina chifukwa zimatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, komanso maonedwe a bino- kuthekera kophatikiza zithunzi kuchokera m'maso onse awiri palimodzi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe atatu. Izi zimawathandiza kuwerengetsa mtunda wopangidwayo molondola momwe angathere.

Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe

Akuluakulu Golden Eagles - mbalame zokhazikika. Aaphungu amodzi agulu akuluakulu amatha kukhala m'malo ena kwa zaka zingapo. Mbalamezi sizilekerera zilombo zina mdera lawo. Palibe kuyanjana pakati pawo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalamezi zimapanga magulu awiri amphamvu kwambiri omwe amakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti chiwombankhanga chagolide sichimakonda kucheza ndi anthu ena, m'malo ena (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia) pali mwambo wosaka ndi mbalamezi.

Ndipo osaka amatha kutsata bwino - ngakhale zili choncho chifukwa cha kukula ndi mphamvu, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakhala chowopsa ngakhale kwa anthu. Komabe, mbalame zowetedwa siziyesa kuukira asaka komanso ngakhale kuwakonda.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

Chiwombankhanga Chagolide Chachikulu Kwambiri. Mbalameyi imapezeka pafupifupi ku Northern Hemisphere. Ku North America, imakhala pafupifupi kontinenti yonse (ikusankha gawo lake lakumadzulo). Ku Africa - kumpoto kwa kontinenti kudera lochokera ku Morocco kupita ku Tunisia, komanso ku Nyanja Yofiira. Ku Europe, imapezeka makamaka m'mapiri - ku Scotland, Alps, Carpathians, Rhodope Mountain, Caucasus, kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, komanso kumadera otsika a Baltic ndi Russia. Ku Asia, chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi chofala ku Turkey, Altai, m'mapiri a Sayan, chimakhalanso kumapiri akumwera kwa Himalayas komanso pachilumba cha Honshu.

Kusankha malo okhala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuphatikiza pazinthu zingapo: kupezeka kwa miyala kapena mitengo yayitali pakupanga chisa, malo osakira ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya (nthawi zambiri awa ndi makoswe akuluakulu). Ndi kukonzanso kwa munthu ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi iye, kusakhalapo kwa zinthu zapafupi ndi zochitika za anthu komanso anthu eniwo kunakhala kofunika. Kuthengo, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimazindikira kwambiri nkhawa za anthu.

Malo abwino okakhala chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi chigwa cha mapiri, komabe, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala tundra ndi tundra nkhalango, mu steppe ndipo ngakhale m'nkhalango momwe muli malo ang'onoang'ono otseguka. Mtundu wokha wa malo omwe chiwombankhanga chagolide sichikwanira ndi nkhalango yowirira. Chifukwa cha mapiko akuluakulu, chiwombankhanga chagolide sichitha kuyenda pakati pamitengo ndi kusaka bwino.

Zakudya Zagolide

Ziwombankhanga zagolide ndi nyama zolusa, zomwe zimadya kwambiri zomwe ndi makoswe akuluakulu: agologolo pansi, mavu, ndi marmoti. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kusintha mogwirizana ndi malo am'deralo: mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Russia chiwombankhanga chagolide amadyera pang'ono makoswe ndi mbalame zina, komanso ku Bulgaria - akamba.

Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti zimatha kugunda mdani wamkulu komanso wamphamvu: pamakhala zochitika zambiri zankhanza, mimbulu, mbawala, ndi chiwombankhanga cha golide chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka mbawala m'madera opondera. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chomwe chimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu chimatha kugunda ziweto, makamaka nthawi yozizira, pomwe makoswe amakhala hibernate. Komanso nthawi yozizira, mbalame zambiri (makamaka zazing'ono) zimadya mafuta.

Mbalame yachikulire imasowa 1.5 makilogalamu a nyama patsiku, koma ngati pangafunike, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatha popanda chakudya kwanthawi yayitali - mpaka masabata asanu.

Adani achilengedwe

Chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi ena mwa nyama zomwe zimadya kwambiri - izi zikutanthauza kuti ilowa m'malo apamwamba kwambiri pazakudya, ndipo palibe adani achilengedwe. Choopseza chachikulu kwa iye ndi munthu - osati kwambiri chifukwa chakutuluka, koma chifukwa m'malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide sichimapeza chisa ndipo sichiswana, koma amasokonezeka, amatha kuponyera chisa ndi anapiye.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Masiku ano, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri ndipo amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, komabe, ndi a taxon omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri, popeza chiwerengero chake chimakhala chokhazikika, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa chikukula pang'onopang'ono. Choopseza chachikulu pa mitunduyi chimachokera kumbali ya anthu.. M'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 1900, mbalamezi zidawomberedwa mwadala, chifukwa zimawononga ziweto (choncho ziwombankhanga zagolide zimatsala pang'ono kufafanizidwa ku Germany).

M'zaka za zana la 20, adamwalira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo - kukhala pamwamba pa chakudya, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimasonkhanitsa zinthu zovulaza mthupi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kukula kwa ma embryonic komanso kufa kwa anapiye. Pakadali pano, choopsa chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo ndi ntchito ya munthu woyenera kupeza malo okhala ndi kusoweka chifukwa cha ntchito yake ya mbalame ndi makoswe akuluakulu - chakudya pamiyendo ya chiwombankhanga chagolide.

Masiku ano, m'maiko ambiri omwe ali gawo la malo omwe chiwombankhanga chagolide amakhala, njira zikuchitidwa kuti zisunge ndi kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Chifukwa chake, ku Russia ndi Kazakhstan, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimaphatikizidwa m'mabuku a Red Red. Masamba otsegula a Golden Eagles amatetezedwa ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe. Ku Russia kokha, mbalameyi imakhala m'malo makumi awiri. Mphungu zagolide zimatha kukhala m'malo osungira nyama, koma nthawi zambiri zimaswana mu ukapolo.

Kodi chiwombankhanga chagolide chimadya chiyani?

Chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi mbalame yodya nyama, imadyera pamiyendo yosiyanasiyana, hare, ndipo sichimadana ndi abale ake okhala ndi tsitsi, kudya mbalame zina.Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimadyanso ana a ng'ombe, agwape ndi nkhosa. Chakudya cha chiwombankhanga chagolide chimaphatikizanso masewera ang'onoang'ono komanso akuluakulu: magologolo pansi, zonyansa, nkhonya, agalu, agalu, nkhandwe, agwape, agwape, njiwa, agwada akuda, phala , kadzidzi, atsekwe, akambuku, njoka ngakhale achule. Nthawi zambiri, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimagwira nyama chachikulu kwambiri kukula: pa ana ndi anthu odwala, komanso sichinanyoza kunyentchera. Chofunikira tsiku lililonse mbalame yodya nyama ndi 1.5 kg ya nyama patsiku. Ngati ndi kotheka, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatha kufa ndi milungu isanu.

Kodi chiwombankhanga chagolide chimasaka bwanji?

Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimasaka awiriawiri, kupatula nyengo yakuswana. Njira yosaka imadalira nyengo: zilombozo zitha kuwuluka kwa maola angapo kuthambo, kufunafuna nyama yochokera kumwamba, kapena ikakhala kuzunza kwa wobisalira. Nyengo yosaoneka bwino, mbalamezi zimakhazikika pamwamba pa mitengo, pomwe zimangokhala kuti ziziwathandiza. Nthawi zambiri, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimagwira masewerawo ndi mkono umodzi kumbuyo kwa mutu wake, chachiwiri kumbuyo kwake, chimathyola msana ndi zibwano zamphamvu, kapena kumumenya ndi mulomo wakuthwa, kuthyola mitsempha yamagazi, ndikunyamula wakufayo mchisa. Nthawi zambiri akatswiri amafufuza akaona kuti ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakonda kulanda mbalame zina.

Kubala Golide Eagles kuthengo

Ziwombankhanga zagolide ndi mbalame zoopsa, chifukwa chake zimakhalabe zokhulupirika munthawi yonse ya moyo wawo pomwe wokondedwa wawo ali moyo. Ziwombankhanga zilizonse zagolide zimakhala ndi zisa 2-4, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu nyengo ya Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Pakadali pano, mbalame zimapanga maulendo owonetsa ndege ndikuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndege: iyi ikhoza kukhala kuwuluka ngati funde lokhala ndi matalikidwe akulu, yochitidwa ndi banja kapena mbalame imodzi, komanso ndege zoyendera limodzi, chiwonetsero cha zopondera, ndikuwuluka kowuluka. Pakuuluka ngati chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakula, kenako chimatsika ndi mwala, pamalo otsika chimayamba kukwera ndipo chimatsikira pansi.

Chiwombankhanga chachikazi chimayika mazira pafupifupi pachiyambi - pakati pa Epulo. Mu clutch kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 mazira. Amuna ndi akazi amadzalowanso mazira masiku 40. Chiwombankhanga chachikazi chimadyetsa anapiye, amphongo amabweretsa nyama. Phukusi la chiwombankhanga lagolide limalekanitsidwa ndi makolo awo kumapeto kwa Seputembala - kuyambira Okutobala.

Kusunga chiwombankhanga chagolide kunyumba sikophweka, koma kusaka ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide sikungayiwalike. Mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa mu chisa, koma zimathanso kugwira munthu wamkulu. Kuti muchepetse maphunziro ndi chizolowezi cha chiwombankhanga chagolide kwa munthu, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya. Kwa izi, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimadyetsedwa tsiku lililonse ndikupatsa 300-50 magalamu a nyama. Mlenje amavala chikopa cha chikopa ndikuyika chiwombankhanga chagolide, amayenda ndi iye kuzungulira mzindawo kuti apangitse chiwombankhanga chagolide chizolowere mawu ndi kupenya kwa anthu, ndikukokera mbalame pinyama chokhazikika. Muli mbalame m'nyumba. Maso ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi kapu kuti mbalameyo izitonthola kuti isathamange.
Kusaka ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide ndichisangalalo chosaiwalika kwa asaka odziwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri anthu angapo amasaka ndi mbalame zawo.

Chiwombankhanga chagolide: chiyambi cha dzina la mbalame

Mawu achi Russia akale oti "chiwombankhanga" m'zilankhulo zina za anthu achi Slavic ali pafupi ndi Aaric Aar kapena Aro (Scandinavia Orn, Scottish Erne).

Olemba aku Russia a m'zaka za m'ma 1800 m'mabuku awo adagwiritsa ntchito dzina "mwala" ndi "chiwombankhanga" chagolide (mwachitsanzo, V. Levshin) kwa mbalame yamphamvu komanso yotchuka iyi, mwina malinga ndi mawu aku Germany a Stein-adler, Goldadler.

Mawu akuti "chiwombankhanga chagolide" (burkut ndi burkut) ali ndi mizu ya Turkic. Mbalamezi ndizotchuka komanso zofala ku Central Asia. Pamenepo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka.

Chotuluka

Chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala ndi chochita pothamangitsa anapiye ake.

Nthambi za mitengo zimagwira monga zomangira pomanga zisa, chifukwa chake nyumba zolimba zotere zitha kusungidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Dawo lawo limafikira 2 metres. Komanso pamatchera, mbalame zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba, ubweya ndi nthenga.

Makolo onse awiriwa amadyetsa anapiye, koma bambo yekha ndi amene amapeza chakudya kwa miyezi iwiri yoyambirira. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwombankhanga chachikazi sichisiya chisa ndi anapiye kwa mphindi imodzi.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti chachimuna ndi chachikazi chamoyo chonse chisungire awiri awo ndikupanga chisa nthawi zonse malo amodzi.

Kodi chiwombankhanga chagolide amadya chiyani?

Mbalamezi zimadyera pama vertebrates osiyanasiyana. Chiwombankhanga cha mbalame ndi mbalame, yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri monga: anyani (ana agalu, mimbulu, chimais ndi nkhandwe, agologolo pansi ndi agulu), mbalame (capercaillie, herons, mbalame zakuda ndi maula). Komanso, zomwe agwiritse ntchito amatha kukhala njoka ndi akamba. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, panthawi yopanda kudya, amatha kudya zovalazo.

Amakhulupirira kuti chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi mbalame yothandiza, ngakhale zimachitika kuti zimawononga nyama zamalonda. Omalizirawo amakhala otsika kwambiri kapena odwala. Kuziwononga, chiwombankhanga chagolide amachiritsa nyama zina zonse.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe

Chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi mtundu wa chiwombankhanga chomwe chimachokera ku banja la avi. Monga oimira onse amtunduwu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ndipo ali ndi thupi lolimba. Chifukwa cha luso lake lotha kusitha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amlengalenga, mbalame imatha kuuluka kwa maola angapo mumizere, ikuyang'ana nyama.

Kutalika kukula kwa chiwombankhanga ikafika mita imodzi, mapiko ndi 2.5 metres. Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kuposa kukula kwa wosankhidwa wake. Ngati kulemera kwamphongo kwamphongo pafupifupi 4-5 makilogalamu, nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimafika pa 7 kg. Mbalameyi ili ndi gawo logwetsera mkamwa, lomwe limadziwika kuti limawoneka bwino. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi nthenga, zomwe zimakhala zazitali kwambiri kuposa zotsalira kumbuyo kwa khosi.

Mapiko a mbalameyo samangokhala onyanasiyana, komanso amatalika, olimba. Mu nyama zazing'ono, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mapiko a nyama yomwe amadana nayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi maziko, chifukwa momwe maondo amawonekera kuchokera kumphepete kumbuyo, amakumbukira kwambiri chilembo S cha zilembo za Chilatini.

Mwa njira, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwadziwe mdaniyu akuthawa. Akamakula, mawonekedwe am'mapikowo amayamba kutchulidwa. Pakadumphira, mbalameyi imatenga liwiro mpaka 120 km / h.

Mchira wa mlenje wokhala ndi utoto wopendekera pang'ono, wopindika pang'ono kumapeto kwake ndikufanana ndi kambuku. Izi zimamsiyanitsa ndi nthumwi zina za mtundu wa chiwombankhanga. Mbalameyo ikauluka m'mwamba, munthu amatha kuwona momwe maula akuwonekera mchira wake.

Mbalame zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndi maso a bulauni, milomo ya bulauni kapena mtundu wakuda, momwe maziko achikasu amawonekera. Matata amtundu wamphamvu, olimba, pafupifupi ponsepo pamtunda wawo ndi m'mphepete, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala okulirapo.

Pansi pake pali chikaso chowoneka bwino ndipo chili ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zakuthwa, zolimba. Liwu la chiwombankhanga limayimira oyimira amtundu wake: mokweza, kwinakwake koganizira galu. Mutha kuzimva zokhazokha pakukhwima, kutetezedwa kwachilengedwe kapena kulumikizana ndi ana.

Mtundu wa munthu wokhwima kale, mithunzi ya bulauni ndi yakuda yokhala ndi nthenga zagolide kumbuyo kwa mutu. Golden Eagles alibe kusiyana pakukongola pakati pa jenda. Kusiyanaku kumakhalapo pakati pa achinyamata ndi okhwima.

Mu mbalame mpaka zaka 4, mtunduwo umadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda, mawanga oyera amawoneka pansi pa mapiko. Amasowa ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi mpaka khumi ndi zitatu. Akatswiri omwe amaphunzira moyo ndi zochita za nyama zomwe amadana nazo amakhulupirira kuti mawanga awa amadziwitsa mbalame zazikulutu kuti munthuyo sazindikira.

Izi zimawalola kusaka kwina osawopa kuukiridwa ndi akuluakulu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofanana ndi makolo awo ndikayamba kusungunuka, mapangidwe omaliza a mtundu wautoto amagwera pachaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu cha mitundu yoyimira. Imasandulika bulauni ndi mithunzi ya bulauni ndi yofiira.

Pazonse, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya chiwombankhanga chagolide imayikidwa, mawonekedwe osiyanitsa omwe ndi kukula ndi mtundu.

• Mtundu wamba umakonda kukhazikika kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, komanso kukula kwa Siberia, Norway, Denmark ndi Sweden. Mtundu ndi mapiko chiwombankhanga chagolide chakuda kapena woderapo.
• Mitundu yakumwera kwa Europe imapezeka kumapiri a Caucasus, Iran, Carpathians, kumwera kwa Europe. Pathupi, maula ndizovala zofiirira zokhala ndi nthenga za buluu wonyezimira pakhosi. Mabukuwa ali ndi "chipewa" pamutu pake.
• Mapulogalamu apakati ku Asia amakonda kusankha kusaka ndi kugona m'mapiri a Altai, komanso ku Tien Shan, Pamir, Tibet. Utoto kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka wakuda wokhala ndi nthenga zopepuka pa nape.
• Malo okhalamo mphungu ku America ndi Canada, North ndi South America. Utoto wonyezimira wakuda ndi utoto wagolide pa nape.
• Mitundu ya East Siberian imatha kupezeka kum'mawa kwa Asia, Mongolia, Chukotka, Siberia, ndi Primorsky Territory. Colouring imatha kukhala yamdima komanso yopepuka.
• Bungwe la Japan limakonda kukhazikika ku Northern China, Japan, ndi South Kuril Islands. Mtundu wake ndi woderapo ndipo uli ndi mawanga oyera pamapewa.

Utali wamoyo

Kusunga mbalame yayikulu kwambiri panyumba sikophweka, komabe, malinga ndi osaka odziwa ntchito, nkofunika. Monga lamulo, anapiye ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa kuchokera ku chisa, koma nthawi zina anthu akuluakulu amagwiranso.

Kuti tifulumizire kuledzera kwa mbalamezi kwa anthu ndikuwongolera kuphunzitsidwa kwa nyama, nyama zomwe zimadya zilibe chakudya. Gawo lake ndi 300-350 g la nyama, pomwe chiwombankhanga chimadyetsedwa tsiku lililonse. Mlenje amaika mbalameyo m'manja yotetezedwa ndi chikopa, ndikuyenda ndi malo osungirako anthu ambiri, motero mbalameyo imazolowera phokoso la anthu. Amugoneka pa nyama yodzala ndi mafuta.

Amakhala ndi ziwombankhanga zagolide pagulu kapena m'nyumba, nthawi zonse amaphimba maso kuti atsimikizire mtendere ndikuwateteza kuti asaponye. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kupita kukawagwira mbalameyi kumatanthauza kusangalala zenizeni.

Monga lamulo, anthu angapo amasaka nthawi imodzi, iliyonse ili ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Kunja, nyama yawo yomwe ili ndi khungu yayikulu imakhala zaka 23. Muukapolo, malinga ndi kusungidwa bwino, anthu akhoza kukhala moyo wopirikiza kawiri.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Golden Eagles ndi mbalame zouluka ngati mbalame, zikuyimira banja la akambuku, mtundu wa chiwombankhanga, mtundu wa chiwombankhanga chagolide. Akatswiri asayansi osamalira zinyama akadali osagwirizana pa chiyambi cha mbalame. Pali malingaliro angapo a chisinthiko chawo. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi wochokera ku dinosaurs. Asayansi amati makolo akale akale a mbalame zodya nyama adabadwa nthawi ya Jurassic (munthawi ya zaka 200 ndi 140 miliyoni zapitazo).

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Golden Eagle

Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakonda kukhala kutali ndi malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Ngakhale m'nthawi zakale, anthu adateteza zilombo zazikuluzi. Chiwombankhanga chagolide amapanga awiriawiri ndi zisa zopota. Kuti apange chisa, mtengo wamtali umafunika. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pine kapena aspen. Mbalame zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zopanda pake. Amasankha awiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa awiriwa m'moyo wawo wonse.

Amakonda kupanga zisa zingapo, kuyambira amodzi mpaka asanu, ndipo amakhala mwa iwo mosiyana. Mtunda pakati pa zisa ndi 13-20 kilomita. M'malo okhala banja limodzi, achinyamata ena omwe sanapangepo banja akhoza kukhala phee. Nyama zokhala ndi nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi zimazindikira malo oyandikira. Pofuna kusaka sankhani malo. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, chiwombankhanga chagolide amachulukitsa malo osakira.

Mbalame zimawopa kwambiri kusokonezedwa ndi anthu m'malo awo okhala zachilengedwe. Ngati munthu wapeza chisa chake, momwe mazira amapezeka, chiwombankhanga chagolide nthawi zambiri chimachiponyera. Mbalame zimakhala ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa komanso mphamvu. Apitiliza kuwunikira omwe akuvutikawo mpaka awagwire. Zoyang'anira zimapatsidwa mphamvu zazikulu. Mbodzi wachikulire mmodzi amatha kutukula mlengalenga katundu wolemera mpaka 25 kilogalamu. Mphamvu yam'munsi yam'munsi imakupatsani mwayi wopondera khosi la wamkulu. Mbalame zimadziwika ndi kupirira, kuthekera kosaka awiriawiri, komanso chikhalidwe chomenya.

Ngakhale zili zazing'ono, sizachilendo kuti nyama zokhala ndi mbewezi zouluka mokongola kwambiri, kuwuluka mlengalenga, komanso kusintha njira zawo zikuuluka mwachangu. Pofuna kusaka, mbalameyi imasankhidwa masana okha, pomwe mpweya umafika pamtunda winawake ndipo zimakhala bwino kuwuluka mlengalenga. Mbalame zimakonda kukhala ndi njira yanjira yomwe ziwombankhanga zagolide zimawuluka mozungulira zomwe ali nazo kukafunafuna chakudya. Ndiwonso chikhalidwe chawo kusankha mitengo yolondera yomwe malo abwino amatsegulidwa. Madera omwe mbalame zimasaka ndizosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwawo kumayambira ku 140 mpaka 230 lalikulu ma lalikulu. km Chiwombankhanga chagolide sichimangotulutsa mawu, kuchokera kwa iwo nthawi zina munthu amatha kumva mawu.

Mitundu ya mitundu

Yatsani chiwombankhanga chagolide mu Bukhu Lofiyira, popeza imawerengedwa ngati mbalame zosowa. Komabe, chiwerengero cha anthu sichichepa malinga ndi zomwe zilipo masiku ano; m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa anthu kwawonedwanso. Zochita za anthu ndizo zokha zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa nyama izi.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mbalame zidawomberedwa, chifukwa zimayambitsa zoweta. Chifukwa chake, ku Germany, pafupifupi onse oimira mitunduyi adawonongedwa. M'zaka zana zapitazi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ankhwawa kwachititsa kuti ziwonjezeke.

Popeza mbalame zimadya nyama, mankhwala owopsa amaphatikizira chamoyo chokhala ndi ziwalozo, ndipo zotsatira zake, izi zinayambitsa matenda a mluza ndipo, chifukwa chake, kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono.

Masiku ano, anthu amakhala m'magawo omwe amalinganiza malo okhala osati chiwombankhanga, komanso makoko ang'onoang'ono, omwe amadyedwa ndi nyama yomwe amadya. Zonsezi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa mbalame.

Kuti athandizire kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndikuchitchinjiriza kuti chisathere, m'maiko ambiri omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala, njira zonse zofunika zikugwiridwa. Chifukwa chake, pakukula kwa Russia ndi Kazakhstan, malo okhala ziwombankhanga amapatsidwa malo otetezedwa ndipo amatetezedwa.

Mwa njira, m'chigawo chathu chokha chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakhala m'malo opitilira 20 osungidwa. Mbalame zimatha kupezeka malo achisangalalo ndi malo osungira nyama, koma ndizosankha izi zimaswana kwambiri kawirikawiri.

Kuswana ndi kukhwima nyengo

Chiwombankhanga chagolide - mbalameyemwe amakhala woona mtima kwa wokondedwa wake pakuvala. Aliyense waiwo amakonza zisa ziwiri mpaka 12 ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kumangokhalira kumanga komanso kukonza. Nyengo yakukhwima imatha kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, ndipo ndendende - kuyambira pa February mpaka Epulo.

Munthawi imeneyi, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimawonekera zikuuluka, zikuchita zinthu zambiri mlengalenga komanso kutsanzira kosaka. Khalidweli limadziwikanso ndi mbalame yosungulumwa, yomwe ikufunafuna mnzake, kapena banja lokhazikika kale. Kutha msambo kumachitika pazaka 4-5.

Yaikazi imayikira mazira pachisa zoyambirira za Epulo, nthawi zambiri osaposa mazira atatu. Onsewa akuchita hatching njira. Izi zimachitika kupitilira masiku forte-faifi. Kenako yamphongo imasaka, ndikupeza chakudya, ndipo yaikazi idyetsa ana. Pakatha miyezi 2 mpaka 2 mpaka 2, anapiye amachoka pachisa.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Chiwombankhanga chagolide pothawa

Golden Eagles ndiwosawoneka zachilengedwe. Kukhulupirika ndi kudzipereka kwa banja lomwe lasankhidwa limasungidwa mu moyo wonse. Kusankhidwa kwa theka lachiwiri kumachitika pazaka zitatu. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa February ndipo imatha pafupifupi kumapeto kwa Epulo. Masewera olimbitsa thupi a mbalame amawoneka osangalatsa kwambiri. Onse amuna ndi akazi amakonda kuonetsa kukongola, mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Izi zimawonekera mu ndege zowoneka bwino. Mbalame zikukula kwambiri. Kenako imagwada pansi ndipo imatambasula mapiko akuluakulu patsogolo pa dziko lapansi. Amakonda kuwonetsa luso lawo losaka. Amasula zibwano, amayesa kuthamangitsa ndi kulanda nyama.

Mbalamezo zikafuna kusankha wokwatirana naye, zimayamba kupotoza zisa zawo ndikuikira mazira. Amasamala kwambiri posankha malo oti amange chisa.Nthawi zambiri malowa ndi malo obisika korona wa mitengo pamalo okwera kwambiri. Kutalika kwa chisa chimodzi kumafikira 1.5-2 metres, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi mamitala 2.5-3. Yapangidwa ndi nthambi ndi nthambi, pansi pake pali masamba ofewa ndi masamba. Chisa chilichonse chimakhala ndi mazira atatu kapena atatu. Amayera ndi imvi ndi mitundu yakuda. Kuikira mazira kumafunikira kwa mwezi ndi theka. Nthawi zina zamphongo zimalowa m'malo mwa chachikazi, koma izi ndizosowa.

Nthochi zimaberekanso mazira. Anapiye okalamba nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo komanso amphamvu, ndipo amachotsa achichepere ndi ofooka pazakudya zomwe zamphongo zimapanga. Komabe, makolo sakuyesetsa kubwezeretsa chilungamo. Zotsatira zake, mwana wankhuku wofooka amafa ndi njala. Pafupifupi miyezi itatu anapiye amakhala pachisa. Pambuyo pake, amayiwo akuwaphunzitsa kuuluka. Kulankhula ndi anapiye ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zochepa kwambiri kuti mbalame zimveke mawu. Ma ntchentche omwe adziwa luso lathanzi amadzakhalabe chisa mpaka nyengo yamasika. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe ndichilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 20. Paukapolo, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kuwirikiza.

Adanani nyama ndi chakudya

Chiwombankhanga chagolide – mbalame yolusa. Pofuna kusaka, amasankha mavu, mbewa, makoswe akulu, nthawi zambiri amadya mbalame zina zazing'ono. Komanso, ana a ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono, monga agulu, nkhosa, ana amphongo, ndi mbuzi, amachita ngati nyama.

Pakati pa masewera ang'onoang'ono pakudya kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide titha kuwona ma gopher ndi ma fisi, ma skunk, agologolo, marmots, ermines, abakha, pararaja, atsekwe. Mwa nyama zokulirapo, nyama yokhala ndi mbewa imadyera nkhandwe, mimbulu, agwape ndi agwape, abawi.

Mbalameyo siziopa kuukira wovulalayo, yayikulu kwambiri kuposa iyo. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amadya zovalazo. Tsiku lililonse, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimafunikira 2 kg ya nyama, koma pakakhala chakudya chimatha kufa ndi njala kwa masabata asanu.

Masomphenya a chiwombankhanga ndi okwera maulendo 8 kuposa anthu, chifukwa chake ngakhale amathawa kwambiri, palibe m'modzi yemwe angathawe. Amatha kuwoneka womasuka pamlengalenga ndikuwukira mwadzidzidzi kotero kuti anthu ochepa amatha kubisala. Chiwombankhangacho chimapitilizabe kumenya pansi, ngati chagwiritsitsa wogwidwayo ndi zibwano zake, ngakhale nyama yayikulu ndi yamphamvu siyipulumutsidwa.

Chifukwa cha thupi lake lalikulu komanso mapiko akuluakulu, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatha kukweza m'mwamba katundu wolemera 20 kg wolemera, ndipo pomenyana pamtunda, gonjetsani nkhandayo pankhondo, ndikusintha khosi. Pakukhwima, nthawi zina nyama zolusa nthawi zina zimatsata nyama ziwiri. Woperekayo atatha kuthawa mbalame imodzi, mnzakeyo adzaigwira.

Ngakhale ali ndewu, adaniwa samakumana ndi zovuta zakunja kwa gawo lawo, makamaka anthu. Banja lomwe limamanga chisa chomwe anapangiracho kale kapena pomwe layikira mazira amasiya ngati bambo akuwoneka akusokoneza pafupi.

Zosangalatsa

Akatswiri a zaumoyo amatiuza zina mwa moyo wa adani:

• Chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi eni ake amtali kwambiri m'mabanja a chiwombankhanga.
• M'madera momwe nyengo yozizira imawonedwa, mbalamezi zimasamukira kumalo otentha kapena zimangouluka kuchokera kumapiri kupita kudera lathyathyathya.
• Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti chimatha kupanga kalulu woyenda kuchokera kutalika kwa 4 km.
• Mbalamezi ndizothamanga kwambiri kuposa chiwombankhanga ndipo zimatha kudumphira m'madzi kuti zifike kuthamanga kwa 120 km / h.
• Mbalame zimatha kumanga zisa, pamwamba pa mitengo komanso m'miyala yamiyala.
• Zisa zomwe zimatha pachaka pakapita nthawi zimatha kukula zazikulu.
• Wamkazi samayikira mazira onse nthawi imodzi, koma ndikupumula kwa masiku angapo.
• Kuyambira ali wakhanda, chiwombankhanga chagolide chawonetsa kuti ndi wankhanza: nthawi zambiri, mwana wamkuluyo amapha achichepere, makamaka ngati ndi wamkazi, pomwe makolo salowerera mikangano ndipo samayesa kuteteza ofooka.
• Pofuna kusaka nyama yayikulu, chinyamacho chimadzipangitsa kulowa mkati mwamphamvu, ndikuchivulaza. Masewera ang'onoang'ono amafa nthawi yomweyo.
• Mbalame yaing'ono imayamba kupita ndi mapiko ndili ndi zaka 70-80, pomwe imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi chisa.
• Mphungu yowoneka wagolide imamupangitsa kuti azitha kusiyanitsa mitundu, yomwe nthawi zambiri siziwona nyama.
• Nyengo yoberekera dzira imatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa malo okhala nyama zomwe zimadya. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto kwa dziko lotentha kwambiri kapena ku Mexico, anapiye amapezeka mu Januware, kumadera ozizira a kumpoto ndi Alaska mu June, kumpoto kwa America mu Marichi.

Nyamayi yokhala ndi mbewa imapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi nyama zomwe zitha kuphedwa kwambiri. Koma chindapusa chotsimikizika kusaka mbalame yokhala ndi mbere, ndipo ndende yachiwiri ikhoza kumangidwa nthawi yayitali.

Chiwombankhanga chachithunzi ndipo m'moyo weniweni zimawoneka zabwino komanso zopatsa chidwi, momwe zimakhalira ndi chikhalidwe chake ndizosangalatsa akatswiri pazakufufuza nyama. Kuteteza zachilengedwe ku kuchepa kwambiri kwa anthu, munthu ayenera kusamala.

Kuteteza kwa Eagles a Golden

Chithunzi: Golden Eagle kuchokera ku Red Book

Kuti asunge ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame, mitunduyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Amapatsidwa mtundu wa mtundu wokhala ndi chiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha kutha. M'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikiza Russia, kuwonongedwa kwa mbalame ndizoletsedwa pamalamulo. Kuphwanya lamuloli kumakhala ndi udindo woyang'anira komanso wolakwa. Malo okhala ndi mbalame amatetezedwa ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi mapaki amtundu. Ku Russian Federation kokha, mbalame zimakhala m'mapaki opitilira mitundu iwiri.

Mbalame zimakonda kukhala muukapolo, koma sizichulukanso. United States ili ndi lamulo loletsa kugwira ndi kugulitsa mbalame zosowa, komanso mazira. Golden Eagles ndi nyama zodabwitsa, zamphamvu komanso zabwino. Mphamvu, ukulu, moyo ndi zizolowezi zimabweretsa chidwi komanso chisangalalo. Munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kuyang'anira ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame zamtunduwu.

Habitat ndi mawonekedwe

Mbalame ya Chiwombankhanga Zili pamalamulo a Falconiformes, Hawks wabanja. Uwu ndi chiwombankhanga chachikulu kwambiri, chodabwitsa komanso chokongola. Mapiko a pafupi mamita awiri, kulemera kwake - pafupifupi 6 kg. Mbalame ya chiwombankhanga chagolide imakhala m'nkhalango, mapiri ndi mapiri a Eurasia, Korea, Japan.

Mutha kumva za chiwombankhanga chagolide ku North Africa. Adagawidwa pagombe lakumadzulo kwa North America, kuyambira Alaska kupita kumadera apakati a Mexico. Zochepa pakati kum'mawa kwa Canada ndi United States.

Ku Europe, amakhala kumapiri a Spain, Scandinavia, Alps ndi Balkan. Malo okondedwa a chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi zigwa ndi mapiri, kutali ndi anthu. Amakhalanso m'malo otchedwa tundra, steppe ndi nkhalango-steppe, canyons, nusu-chipululu, tchire, mitundu yonse ya nkhalango.

Mbalame zimasankha malo awo m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso kumapeto kwa mapiri pamtunda wamamita 2500. Kuti azisaka, amafunika malo otseguka, chifukwa cha mapiko akuluakulu. Pofuna kupuma, amakonda mitengo yayitali ndi miyala.

Ku Russia, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, koma mumatha kuziona nthawi zambiri - zimayesetsa kusakumana ndi anthu. Popeza kuti m'zigwa anthu sanasiyirepo chiwombankhanga chagolide, nthawi zambiri mbalame imakhala m'malo otentha a Russian North, Baltic States ndi Scandinavia ndi Belarus.

Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimapezeka kawiri kawiri ku Tuva, Transbaikalia ndi Yakutia, koma zikhalidwe kuti zisa zomwe zili zoyandikana zimakhala kutali ndi 10-15 km. kupatula wina ndi mnzake. Kudziwa kuti ndi chiwombankhanga chiti chomwe chimakhala mbalame yokhayokha, sizodabwitsa kuti m'chigawo chapakati chodzazidwa ndi anthu, pali zochitika zochepa za chiwombankhanga chagolide.

Moyo Wa Chiwombankhanga

Ngakhale kuti mwachilengedwe chiwombankhanga chagolide chimayesayesa kukhala kutali ndi malo okhala, anthu osamukasamuka a ku Central Asia kuyambira kale ankasinthana ndikugwiritsa ntchito chiwombankhanga chagolide kusaka agulu, nkhandwe, mimbulu, agwape.

Mbalame zazikuru zokhala ndi mapiko olimba, mlomo wolimba wolimba, ulusi wamphamvu wokhala ndi zibwano komanso zowoneka bwino ndiwosaka bwino. Njira yayikulu yosakira chiwombankhanga chagolide idasankha kutsata nyama kuchokera kumtunda.

Chiwombankhanga chilinso ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri kuposa anthu, motero palibe nyama yomwe imatha kuthawa. Chiwombankhanga chomwe chikuwuluka m'mlengalenga chimawoneka chosakonzeka komanso kupumula, koma chikagwidwa, nyama yachilendo imakhala ndi nthawi yolumphira kumbali.

Ngakhale, izi sizingapulumutse kwa mdani. Mbalameyi imapitiriza kulimbana kwa chakudya komanso zapadziko lapansi. Chachikulu ndikufikira nyama ndi zibwano zanu, ndipo ngakhale chinyama chachikulu sichitha kuthawa m'manja mwa chitsulo.

Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatha kukweza nyama cholemera makilogalamu 20 mlengalenga, ndipo ndikamayigwira ndi manja chimatha kupindika khosi la nkhandweyo. Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakonda kusaka awiriawiri, nthawi yoswana. Ngati wina walakwitsa, mnzakeyo awongolera nthawi yomweyo. Kapena mbalame imodzi imawopseza nyama, pomwe yachiwiri imabisalira.

Ngakhale ali ndi mkhondo, chiwombankhanga chagolide ndizovuta kwambiri kupulumuka pakulowerera kwa anthu pazinthu zawo. Mbalame ziwiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chisa ndi clutch kapena anapiye ndizotheka kuzigwetsa, ngati munthu wina akuwoneka pafupi ndikuwasokoneza, anapiye amwalira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zochepetsera maonekedwe a chiwombankhanga.

Kudya Chiwombankhanga Chagolide

Kupitiliza kufotokoza Mwa awa zolusambalameNdikofunikira kunena mwatsatanetsatane za zakudya zawo. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimafunikira 1.5 kg. nyama tsiku lililonse, kupangitsa kukhala owonjezera. Kutengera ndi malo okhalamo, mbalame zazikulu ndi zinyama zikuluzikulu zimasala kwambiri kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide.

Mahavu, mbidzi, nkhandwe, repitili, hedgehogs, akamba - chilichonse chimakhala chakudya. Mwa mbalamezo, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakonda kusaka atsekwe zazikulu, abakha, heron ndi cranes. Zodumphira komanso zigawo zazitali, chiwombankhanga chagolide sakonda kuchita.

Nthawi zambiri chiwombankhanga chachikulu chimagwiritsa nyama yolemera kwambiri. Milandu inalembedwa pomwe chiwombankhanga chagolide chinaukira ndege zazing'ono ndikuswa galasi. M'nyengo yozizira, chiwombankhanga chagolide sichimanyansa.

Pakusaka, chiwombankhanga chagolide amachita mosiyana: chimatha kuukira mwachangu komanso mwadzidzidzi, kugwa pafupifupi pagulu mosatetezeka, chimatha kubera komanso kunamizira kuti kusaka sikusangalatsa.

Ndipo kuwuluka kudutsa ndikudikirira ku banja la nyama zobetchera, kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba kuwoneka kwa mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza pa milandu iyi, ngati sichoncho chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi mlenje wachindunji komanso wosagwedezeka, sangathe kuthamangitsa nyama, koma amakonda kuukira nthawi yomweyo.

Ngakhale wozunzidwayo sagonjetsedwa koyamba, mbalameyo imawavulaza mobwerezabwereza kufikira itakwaniritsa cholinga chake. Ngati tikulankhula za nyama yayikulu, chilombocho chimabaya khungu ndikulowa ndi mikanda yayitali, ndikupangitsa mabala achivundi.

Zinyama zazing'onoting'ono zimagwira gawo limodzi kumbuyo kwa mutu wake, yachiwiri kumbuyo kwake, ndikuthyola khosi. Nthawi zambiri palibe amene angatuluke m'miyendo yachitsulo ya chiwombankhanga chagolide. Zithunzi zambiri za mbalame zosaka za mbalameyi zimalankhula za mphamvu zake komanso luso lotha kusaka bwino. Polimbirana chakudya, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimatha kutenga nyama kuchokera kwa mbalame zina.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Golden Eagles imakhala yofanana, imapanga ndikusunga awiriawiri moyo wonse. Pali kusankha kwa bwenzi pa zaka 3. Nthawi yakukhwima, yomwe idayamba mu Okutobala ndi Epulo, imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera kumbali.

Amuna ndi akazi onse amasonyezana kukongola ndi mphamvu zawo. Nthawi zambiri izi zimadziwoneka ngati chiwombankhanga chokhala ngati funde - chiwombankhanga chagolide, chomwe chatalika, chimatsika pansi ndikutsegula mapiko ake patsogolo pa nthaka.

Komanso, mbalame zimasonyezerana maluso awo ngati asaka, zimawonetsa zibwano, kusankhana wina ndi mnzake, kuthamangitsa.

Akapanga chisankho wina ndi mzake, mkaziyo amaikira mazira 1-3 amitundu yoyera ndi mawanga bulauni. Pafupifupi nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala pamazira, zimakhala masiku 40-45, nthawi zambiri amuna amalowa m'malo mwake.

Pomanga zisa, chiwombankhanga chagolide amasankha malo otetezedwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri ndipo kukula kwake amafikira 2 metres, ndipo 3 mita mulifupi.

Banja limamanga chisa cha nthambi, ndipo limakhazikika ndi udzu wofewa ndi mbewa. M'moyo wonse, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimamanga zisa zingapo m'gawo losankhidwa, kenako nkuzisintha.

Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimasinthana, ndipo ngati wamkuluyo ndi wamkulu kuposa wam'ng'onoting'ono, iye amamuthamangitsa kutali ndi chakudya chomwe abambo amabwera ndipo mkaziyo amang'amba pang'ono.

Makolo amaziyang'ana mopanda chidwi, ndipo nthawi zambiri mwana wakhanda womaliza amamwalira. Nkhuku zimakhala mchisa kwa masiku pafupifupi 80, kenako amayiwo akuwaphunzitsa kuuluka. Mukamayankhula ndi anapiye mumatha kumva vota laconic, nthawi wamba, chiwombankhanga chagolide.

Anapiye omwe ali pa mapiko amakhalabe mu chisa ndi makolo awo mpaka nthawi yamasika. Kutalika kwa moyo wa chiwombankhanga chagolide kuthengo ndi zaka 20-23. M'malo osungira nyama, amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50. Tsoka ilo, mbalame zokongola izi zikukula pang'ono chaka chilichonse.