Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Subfamily: | Scombrinae |
Jenda: | Nsomba ya makerele |
Nsomba ya makerele (lat. Scomber) - mtundu wa nsomba wa banja la mackerel la mackerel. Izi ndi nsomba za pelagic, zomwe mayendedwe ake samalumikizana ndi pansi. Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi ndi masentimita 64, pafupifupi ndi masentimita 30. Thupi limakhala lopindika, lophimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono a cycloid. Chikhodzodzo cha kusambira chitha kukhalapo kapena kulibe. Ngakhale mitundu ya mitundu imachulukana, pali mtundu umodzi wokha m'dera lililonse.
Biology
Izi nsomba mawonekedwe masukulu osakanikirana ndi Trachurus symmetricus ndi Peruvia sardines. Ma Mackerel akujambula plankton, kusefa ma crustaceans m'madzi. Akuluakulu amadyanso nsomba zazing'ono ndi squid. Pamasamba, asanayambe kusonkhana m'masukulu, kusuntha kumakhala kofala. Tinsomba zazikulu, marlin, shaki, ma dolphin, mikango yam'nyanja ndi zikhakhakhayi zimadyera mackerels.
Kufotokozera
Mackerel amadziwika ndi thupi lalitali la fusiform, londa loonda komanso lothinikizidwa pambuyo pake lophatikizika ndi carinae awiri; Pali ziphuphu zisanu zowonjezera zingapo kumbuyo kwa zofinya zapakhosi ndi mains. Izi ndizosambira mwachangu, zosinthika bwino kuti zikhale ndi moyo wambiri m'mphepete mwa madzi. Monga mamembala ena am'banja, pali mphete yafupa kuzungulira maso. M ziphuphu ziwiri zamkati zimalekanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwakutali kuposa kutalika kwa kufinya. Mimbidwe yapakati pamimba imakhala yotsika ndipo sikhala bifurcate. Kumbuyo kwa chikondwerero chachiwiri chamkati ndi maina kumatuluka ziphuphu zingapo, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zisapangidwe ngati kamvuluvulu wam'mimba nthawi yayitali. Ndalama ya caudal ndi yolimba komanso yosiyanasiyana. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Carapace kutsogolo, yopangidwa ndi mamba akulu, simakulitsidwa bwino kapena kulibe. Chingwe cholumikizira chimakhala chowongoka, ndikugwedezeka pang'ono. Mano ndi ang'ono, ofanana. Pali palatine ndi mano otseguka. Kutalika kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwawo m'munsi mwa kakhomo koyambirira sikupitirira makumi atatu ndi kasanu. Pali makumi atatu mphambu makumi atatu ndi awiri vertebrae.
Kutulutsa. Mbali zakumbuyo yakumbuyo yakumbuyo yakutidwe ndimphinga yamafuta. Ma gill stamens amawoneka kudzera pakamwa lotseguka. Mu ma dorsal fin oyambilira, ma eyala eyiti mpaka khumi ndi atatu, mu lachiwiri lachiwiri ndi masanjidwe ofunda khumi ndi awiri, msana wa anal ndi wosakhazikika. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizifupi, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi 188 mpaka 252. Kumbuyo kuli mtundu wachitsulo wamtambo, wokutidwa ndi mizera yakuda ya wavy. Mmbali ndi m'mimba zasiliva zachikaso, zopanda zipsera.
Mtengo wachuma
Mackerel ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda. Nyama yake ndi mafuta (mpaka 16.5% mafuta), wolemera vitamini B12, wopanda mafupa ang'onoang'ono, okoma komanso okoma. Mackerel imasakidwa makamaka ndi timatumba tachikwama, kapena mothandizidwa ndi ma gill, ma giya oyikira, mautali, matcheni ndi zingwe zomata. Nyama imalowa mumsika mwatsopano, yowuma, yosuta, mchere ndi zamtchire. Mafuta ambiri omwe ali ndi mackerel amakulolani kuti muwaphike pophika popanda kuwonjezera mafuta.
Ndani akuthamanga kuposa mackerel kapena galimoto yothamanga?
Mackerel (lat. Scomber) - nsomba za gulu lagicgic kuchokera ku gulu la mackerel.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri nsomba ndi mafuta ndi nyama yanthete. Chimakhala chofala paliponse: chimapezeka munyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic, chimasambira kumayiko olowera: Yakuda, Marmara ndi Baltic.
Mackerel amakhala pamtunda wa kutentha kwa 8-20 ° C, ndichifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kuti azisamuka nthawi zina m'mphepete mwa America ndi Europe, komanso pakati pa Marmara ndi Black Seas.
Kukula kwa mackerel ndizochepa, koma osanena kuti ndi nsomba yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumatha kufika masentimita 67, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka kukula kwake kwamtali masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa magalamu 300-400. Koma nthawi zina nsomba mpaka 2 kg zimabwerapo, koma izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo.
Chodabwitsa cha nsomba ndichakuti chilibe chikhodzodzo cha mpweya.
Atlantic Mackerel (lat.Scomber scombrus)
Imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino m'madzi a North Atlantic.
Kutalika kwenikweni kwa thupi ndi 60 cm, wopaka utoto wamtambo wobiriwira, kumbuyo kuli mikwingwirima ndi madontho. Chikhodzodzo chosambira palibe.
Nsomba zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa Iceland ndi zilumba za Canary, North Carolina, ndi m'madzi a North North.
Pakutuluka, mackerel amaponyera kuthamanga mpaka 77 km / h, ndikupanga phokoso lodziwika pamwamba pamadzi, lomwe limakopa asodzi ndi nyama zam'madzi. Kukula kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe. Chonde ndi mazira pafupifupi theka miliyoni. Nsomba zimayamba kusuntha ndikuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madzi mpaka madigiri 10, ikuyang'ana madzi ofunda kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Marmara. Pokhala nthawi yozizira, ma mackerel amatsika mpaka mamita 200 ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika wokhala ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi. Kukhwima kumachitika pazaka 3, zimakhulupirira kuti mackerel amakhalabe ndi zaka 18.
Mackerel achi Japan (lat.Scomber japonicus)
Amadziwikanso kuti Kum'mawa, nsomba zoterezi ndizofala m'madzi pagombe la zilumba za Kuril. Amakonda kutentha kwa madzi mpaka madigiri 27, munthawi yachisangalalo yosuntha nthawi yachilimwe imakulitsa malo ake, ndikugwira madzi otentha.
Thupi ndi lalitali, siliva wamtambo, wokhala ndi mikwaso yakuda yomwe ili kumbali ndi kumbuyo kwa nsomba. Khalidwe lobowoleza limawonekera mchaka choyamba cha moyo pomwe thupi lalitali masentimita 3. Kufikira kwa Mackerel ku Nyanja ya Japan kumayamba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka Julayi. Akazi amaikira mazira 60,000. Kutalika kwa kukula kwamphamvu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
African Mackerel (lat.Scomber colias)
Mpaka pano, mtunduwu walandila pawokha, kale anali wokhulupirira kuti mackerel a ku Africa ndi masapota a ku Japan. Amakhala ku Atlantic Ocean, m'madzi a Azores, Canary Islands, Mediterranean ndi Black Seas. Ziweto zosaoneka bwino zimapezeka m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja yopanda kupitirira 300 metres. Amatha kupanga ma jamb ndi mitundu ina ya mackerel. Amadyetsa zooplankton, sprats, anchovies, ndi ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana.
Kukula kumagwera zaka ziwiri za moyo; nsomba zimamera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe usiku, zimatulutsa mazira mazana ambiri. Ma mackerel aku Africa amaperekedwa kumsika mwachangu kapena mwansimu. Nyamayo imasuta, mchere ndi kutentha kwina.
Mackerel waku Australia (lat.Scomber australasicus)
Imapezeka ku Pacific Ocean, m'malire a China ndi Japan Islands kupita ku Australia ndi New Zealand. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50. Mtembo wopaka utoto wamtambo wamtambo wobiriwira, pamakhala mikwingwirima yosinthana kumbuyo kwa buluu wobiriwira. Kutha msambo kumachitika ndili ndi zaka ziwiri m'madzi pafupi ndi Australia.
Kutalika kwa moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 8, komabe, anthu ena, malinga ndi asayansi, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 24. Nyanja yozizira ya Japan, kukhwima kumachitika chaka cham'mbuyomo, mayendedwe amoyo amachepetsa kukhala zaka 6.
Imakumba ndi zosefera zakuya ndi zomatula. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nyama ya mackerel ya ku Australia ndi yodziwika bwino kuposa mitundu ya ku Japan.
Moyo & Habitat
Mackerel amakhala m'madzi aku America, Kumpoto kwa Europe, Nyanja Zikuda ndi Zamchere. Nsomba zimakonda kutentha, kutentha kumatentha kwake ndi madigiri 8-20, nthawi yozizira, anthu ambiri amasonkhana pagulu kuti asamukire kumalo okhala ndi madzi otentha.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mkati mwa kayendedwe kameneka, masukulu amtundu wa mackerel salola mitundu ina ya nsomba ndikuteteza sukulu yawo mwachangu kwa akunja. Kukhazikika kwa mackerel komwe kumagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, komwe amodzi mwa nsomba amayamba kukhala ambiri.
Chifukwa chake, mitundu ya Australia imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Pacific Ocean, pafupi ndi China ndi zilumba za Japan, ndipo imafikira kugombe la Australia ndi New Zealand. Mackerel aku Africa akhazikika ku Atlantic Ocean ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi Canary ndi Azores, momwe kuya kwamadzi sikuyenda pansi pa mamita 300.
Japan, monga thermophilic yochulukirapo, imakhala ku Nyanja ya Japan pamodzi ndi zilumba za Kuril, kutentha kwa madzi kumeneko kumatha kufika madigiri 27, chifukwa chake nsomba imakulitsa malire a malo okhalamo ndipo munthawi yopanda zipatso imapitilira kuchokera pagombe.
Mackerel a Atlantic amakhala m'madzi a Iceland ndi Canary Islands, ndipo amapezeka ku North Sea. Pakutuluka, imatha kusuntha m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Marmara, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kuya kwake ndikochepa - monga tanenera kale, nsomba zamtunduwu zilibe chikhodzodzo.
Panyengo yachisanu yokha, mackerel imamira mita 200 kulowa mumadzi ndikuyamba kusunthika, ndipo zakudya pakadali pano ndizochepa, ndiye nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa nthawi yophukira zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
M'mphepete mwa America ndi Gulf of Mexico, mackerel akuluakulu amagwetsedwa pansi ndikugulitsa mitundu yotchedwa yachifumu, ndiyosavuta kwambiri kugwira, chifukwa nsomba sizikugwera pansi pamtunda wa 100 metres ndipo imalowa mosavuta mu ukonde.
Mackerel ndi nsomba yosamukasamuka, imasankha malo okhala madzi omwe amatenthedwa bwino, motero mutha kukumana ndi masukulu pawokha mu nyanja zonse kupatula ku Arctic. M'nyengo yotentha, madzi akunyanja nawonso ali oyenera moyo wa nsomba, chifukwa chake amgwidwa kulikonse: kuchokera pagombe la Great Britain mpaka Far East.
Madzi oyandikana ndi kontilakiti ndi owopsa kwa mackerel ndi kukhalapo kwa adani achilengedwe: mikango yam'nyanja, zikopa ndi nyama zazikulu zomwe zimadyera ku mackerel ndipo zimatha kuwononga pafupifupi theka la gululo posaka.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mackerel "akumpoto" ndi "akumwera":
Mackerel a kumpoto: wonenepa kuposa mackerel akumwera. Amadziwika kwambiri m'madzi ofunda a North Atlantic. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta mumafuta: mafuta ochulukirapo (27%) amapezeka mu Ogasiti-Disembala. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi plankton. Nyama ya "kumpoto" kwa mackerel ndi yofewa, yokoma. Nyama yophika ndi yokazinga imakhala ndi kapangidwe kouma. Ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri popanga zinthu zosungidwa, zinthu zopangidwa ndi utsi wofunda ndi ma balyks, nsomba zam'madzi, komanso zinthu zam'chitini.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Pokhala cholumikizira chofunikira mu chakudya, ma mackerel amakhala chakudya cha nyama za m'madzi ndi mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba, ilinso yokha yomwe imadya. Pazakudya za mackerel, zooplankton, nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhanu zazing'ono, caviar ndi mphutsi za okhala m'madzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mackerel amasaka bwanji: amasonkhana m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono ndikukankhira masukulu a nsomba zazing'ono (zikwangwani, hamsa, gerbils) pamadzi, pomwe amapanga mtundu wa kolifoni. Zidyamakanda zina, ngakhale ankhandwe ndi agwape, omwe samasamala kudya chakudya chamoyocho, nthawi zambiri amasokoneza kusaka kwa mackerel.
Waukulu wamkulu wama mackerel amadyera nyini ndi nkhanu, kuwukira kachigawo chachiwiri ndikuphwanya nyama ndi mano akuthwa. Mwambiri, nsomba imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo asodzi odziwa zambiri amatha kuigwira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo: imazindikira kuti mbedza ndi chakudya chomwe chingathe.
Njira zopangira chakudya mackerel mu chithunziopangidwa ndi amateurs amawoneka osangalatsa: sukulu yowoneka bwino ya nsomba limodzi ndi ena omwe amadyera anzawo, kuphatikizapo ma dolphin. Kuphatikiza apo, poyenda pafupi ndi madzi, magulu a mackerel amapanga chimbudzi chomwe chimatha kumveka mkati mwa radius angapo makilomita angapo.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kukula kwa nsomba kumachitika zaka ziwiri zakubadwa, kuyambira pano mackerel amaberekera pachaka popanda kusokonezedwa mpaka kufa. Kufalikira kwa MackerelKukhala m'matumba kumachitika m'magawo angapo: kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi, anthu akuluakulu amatuluka, kenako ang'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwa Juni, ufulu wobadwa umabwera.
Potaya caviar, mackerel amakonda madera am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Msodzi wowonda amatsika pansi mpaka mamita 200, pomwe m'malo angapo umagawika mbali. Pazonse, munthu wamkulu amatha kuwaza mazira 500,000 kuti atuluke, iliyonse imakhala ndi kukula kosaposa 1 mm ndipo ili ndi mafuta apadera omwe amathandiza kudyetsa ana osatetezeka.
Kukula bwino kwa mazira kumachitika pamadzi otentha osaposa 13 digiri, mokulirapo, mphutsi zimawonekera mwachangu, omwe ndi kukula kwa 2-3 mm. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yobereka kuchokera pa kubereka imakwana masiku 16 mpaka 21.
Kukula mwachangu kumawalola kufikira kukula kwa masentimita 3-6 pofika kumapeto kwa nthawi yotentha, pofika Okutobala kutalika kwawo kumakhala kale mpaka 18 cm. Kukula kwa mackerel kumadalira msinkhu wake: Wamng'ono payekha, amakula msanga. Izi zimachitika mpaka kutalika kwa thupi kuyandikira 30 cm, kenako kukula kumachepera kwambiri, koma osasiya kwathunthu.
Mackerel amamera pamoyo wawo wonse, nthawi yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 18-20, koma amakhala omasuka komanso osatetezedwa ndi adani ena, anthu ena amakhalabe ndi zaka 30.
Zosangalatsa
Minofu yokhazikitsidwa ya mackerel imalola kuti ifike mofulumira kwambiri: panthawi yoponyera, pambuyo masekondi awiri okha, nsomba imasunthira pansi pamtunda wothamanga mpaka 80 km / h, motsutsana - mpaka 50 km / h. Nthawi yomweyo, galimoto yamakono yothamanga imathamangira ku 100 km / h, ikuyenda masekondi 4-5.
Ndiomwe mungakonde kusamukira, mackerel amakonda kuchita phokoso mofatsa mpaka 30 km / h, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosunthira mtunda wautali ndikuthandizira ntchito yomanga. Mackerel ndi amodzi mwa anthu ochepa panyanja omwe amalola nsomba zina kusukulu zake, nthawi zambiri hering'i kapena sardine amalowa nawo masukulu osamukira.
Usodzi wa Mackerel
Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wama mackerel ndi Japan, pachaka mpaka matani 65 a nsomba amagwidwa, pomwe kuchuluka kwake kumakhalabe koyenera chifukwa cha fecundity. Gulu la moyo wama mackerel limapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwira nsomba ziwiri matani awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamalonda.
Pambuyo pakusodza, mackerel amatuta m'njira zosiyanasiyana: amasungidwa, amasuta kapena kuwaza mchere. Nyama ya Mackerel kukoma kosakhazikika kosiyanasiyana ndipo kumakhala ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa michere.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka, mafuta omwe amapezeka mu nsomba ndiosiyana: nthawi yotentha imakhala ndi magalamu 18-20, nthawi yozizira chizindikiro chimawonjezeka mpaka magalamu 30, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tiziwona mtunduwu ngati mafuta. Nthawi yomweyo, zopatsa mphamvu za mackerel zimangokhala 200 kcal zokha, ndipo zimayidulidwa kawiri mwachangu kuposa ng'ombe, osati yotsika kumapeto kwa mapuloteni.
Anaphunziranso kusodza nsomba zamtengo wapatali m'mikhalidwe yokumba: makampani opanga malonda adapangidwa ku Japan kuti amalimidwe ndi kututa kwa mackerel pambuyo pake. Komabe, mackerel omwe adakulitsidwa mu ukapolo nthawi zambiri samalemera kuposa magalamu 250-300, omwe amawononga phindu la malonda a eni mabizinesi.
Kugwira mackerel nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta: ndikofunikira kusankha zida zanu zokha, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi ama nsomba amawerengera momwe ma mackerel amakhalamo, izi ndizofunikira kuti mupeze nsomba zambiri, chifukwa mackerel, kutengera kutentha kwa madzi, mtunda wa gombe, komanso kuyandikira kwa zina zam'madzi, zitha kupita pakuya mamita 200.
Asodzi a masewera amasangalala ndi mackerel chifukwa chakutchova njuga - ngakhale kuli kususuka komanso kuwoneka kosavuta, nsomba'zo zimayamba kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi ndipo zimatha kuthyola mbedza mumphindi zochepa.
Nthawi yomweyo, sizingatheke kukhala pansi pamphepete mwa nyanja - ma mackerel samayandikira kumtunda, motero bwato ndilofunika kuigwira. Kusodza kwa mackerel kuchokera ku yacht kumawonedwa ngati zosangalatsa zapadera - kutali kwambiri ndi gombe, nsomba zambiri.
Asodzi odziwa kusodza amakonda kugwira nsomba za mackerel pomanga - ili ndi dzina la chipangizo chokhala ndi mzere wautali wa nsomba wokhala ndi mbedza zingapo zomwe sizikufuna nyambo iliyonse. Amakopa mackerel ndi zinthu zingapo zowala - ikhoza kukhala zojambulazo kapena nsomba zapadera zapulasitiki, zomwe mungagule kumalo ogulitsa asodzi.
Za mackerel caviar, ndiye kuti mutha kukumana nawo mu nsomba zowuma kapena kusuta mwachisawawa, izi zimachitika chifukwa choti kuwedza m'malo omwe amatulutsa, monga lamulo, sikuchitidwa. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa nsomba, chifukwa zimatha kuyikira mazira asanalowe muukonde.
Komabe, mackerel caviar ndichakudya chabwino kwa okhala ku East Asia omwe amakonda kupanga pasitala kuchokera pamenepo. Pa msika waku Russia mutha kupeza mchere wa mackerel caviar, wokutidwa m'mitsuko, ndioyenera kudya, koma umakhala wosasinthasintha wamadzimadzi komanso wowawa.
Mackerel amagulitsidwa pamtengo wokwanira poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Mitengo ikamaganizira momwe nsomba imasungidwira (yozizira, mchere, kusuta kapena zamzitini), kukula kwake ndi kupatsa kwake chakudya - chokulirapo ndi chopanda mafuta kwa nsomba, kumakhala kotsika mtengo mtengo wa kilogalamu ya zakudya zabwino.
Mtengo wamba wa mackerel ku Russia ndi:
- owuma - 90-150 r / kg,
- kusuta - 260 - 300 r / kg,
- Zakudya zamzitini - bizinesi ya 80-120 r / yosagwirizana.
Nsomba zogwidwa kunja kwa dziko lathu ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa zapakhomo: mwachitsanzo, mfumu ya ku Czech mackerel ingagulidwe pamtengo wa 200 r / kg, Japan - kuchokera ku 180, China, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa, ili ndi mtengo wochepetsetsa wazomwe zimachokera kunja - kuchokera ku 150 r / kg
Mtengo wokwanira wathanzi komanso zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi michere, makamaka omega-3 mafuta osakwaniritsidwa, wapanga mackerel imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu zamalonda. Kukhazikika kwawo ndi kosagwirizana ndi anthu kumalola kupanga mackerel pafupifupi m'madzi aliwonse, onse oyenda panyanja komanso am'madzi.
Nyama yanthete imaphika mosiyanasiyana, koma nsomba zosuta zimawoneka kuti ndizakudya zapadera, zomwe, ndizokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa ndipo sizivulaza chiwerengerochi.
Anthu osiyanasiyana amaphika zakudya zochokera ku mackerel, chifukwa nzika zaku Far East zimakonda stroganin kuchokera ku mackerel, ndipo ku Asia amapanga pastas ndi pastes ake, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zosangalatsa.
Mawonekedwe
Mackerel amadziwika ndi thupi lalitali, loonda komanso lothinikizidwa pambuyo pake la patudal ndi awiri ofananira ndi carinae. Wapakati kotenga nthawi yayitali sapezeka mwa oimira mtundu. Nsombayi ili ndi mzere wopangidwa ndi zipsepse zisanu zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala kumbuyo kwa dorsal zofewa ndi anal. Pamodzi ndi mamembala ena am'banja, mackerel ali ndi mphete ya mafupa yomwe ili kuzungulira maso.
Madzi a ziphuphu za dorsal amalekanitsidwa ndi kusiyana bwino. Matumbo am'mimba pakati pa zipsepse ndi ochepa komanso osapangika. Kuseri kwa ziphuphu zachiwiri zamkati ndi maini kumatulutsa ziphuphu zochepa, zomwe zimapewa kupanga ma whirlpools pakuyenda kwansomba m'madzi. Ndalama ya caudal imadziwika ndi kuuma komanso kusanja bwino.
Thupi lonse la mackerel limakutidwa ndi masikelo ang'ono. Carapace yakutsogolo imapangidwa ndi masikelo akulu, koma samapangidwa bwino kapena kulibe. Pafupifupi mzere wozungulira wokhala ndi mbali yaying'ono komanso wavy. Mano a nsomba ndi ochepa, ooneka bwino. Mano a Palatine ndi otseguka ali ndi chikhalidwe. Ma stamens woonda kwambiri amakhala autali m'litali, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chokwanira m'munsi mwa gill woyamba sichikupitilira zidutswa makumi atatu ndi zisanu. Oimira amtunduwo ali ndi 30-32 vertebrae.
Ndizosangalatsa! Woyimira wamkulu kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi mackerel aku Africa, omwe kutalika kwake ndi 60-63 cm ndi kulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, ndipo nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri ndi mackerel aku Japan kapena buluu (42-44 cm ndi 300-350 g).
Kapangidwe ka mackerel kamaloza, kokhala ndi mbali zakunja ndi kumbuyo kwa maso okutidwa ndi eyelidi wofotokozedwa bwino. Zojambula zonse za branchial zimawonekera bwino kudzera pakamwa lotseguka. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizochepa kwambiri, zopangidwa ndi ray ya 18-21. Kumbuyo kwa nsomba kumakhala kusiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wamtambo wachitsulo, wokutidwa ndi mizere ya wavy yakuda. Mphete ndi m'mimba mwa mtunduwu zimadziwika ndi mtundu wa siliva wachikasu, popanda chizindikiro.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Oimira mtundu wa Mackerel amasambira mwachangu, osinthika bwino kuti azitha kuyenda molongosoka. Mackerel amatanthauza nsomba zomwe sizimatha kukhala zochuluka pamoyo wawo pansi, motero zimasambira kwambiri m'madzi a pelagic. Chifukwa chokhala ndi zipsepse zambiri, nthumwi za kalasi yoyesedwa ndi Ray ndi Mackerel zimapewa mosavuta kuzizirira ngakhale mutakhala kuti mukuyenda mwachangu.
Mackerel amakonda kukhala m'matanthwe, komanso nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza m'magulu ndi ma Seru a ku Peru. Oimira banja la mackerel amakhala omasuka momwe angathere kutentha kwapakati pa 8-20 ° C, chifukwa chake, amadziwika ndi kusamuka kwachaka chilichonse. Chaka chonse, mackerel amatha kupezeka ku Indian Ocean, komwe kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kosavuta momwe mungathere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa chosapezeka chikhodzodzo, kusenda thupi lopindika komanso minofu yolimba, Atlantic mackerel imayenda m'magawo am'madzi mwachangu, imafulumira kuthamanga mpaka ma kilomita makumi atatu pa ola limodzi.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira yodziwikiratu, ma mackerel omwe amakhala m'madzi a Black Sea amasamukira kumadera akumpoto kwa Europe, komwe kuli mafunde ofunda kwambiri omwe amalola kuti nsomba ikhale bwino. Munthawi yakusamukira, nsomba zodya sizigwira ntchito kwenikweni ndipo sizigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pachakudya.
Habitat, malo okhala
Oimira mitundu ya mackerel a ku Australia ndi anthu okhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa Pacific chakumadzulo, kuchokera kudera la Japan ndi China kupita ku New Zealand ndi Australia. Kummawa, magawidwe a mitunduyi amafikira kudera la Zilumba za Hawaii. Komanso, anthu pawokha amapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja Yofiira. M'madzi otentha, mackerel aku Australia ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri. Nsomba za Meso- ndi epipelagic zimapezeka m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, oszama kuposa 250-300 metres.
Ma mackerel aku Africa amakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, kuphatikiza Nyanja Yakuda ndi Yamchere. Oimira mtunduwu adagawidwa kwambiri kumwera kwa Mediterranean. Kupezeka kwa anthu kumadziwika kuyambira kum'mawa kwa Atlantic ndi Bay of Biscay mpaka Azores. Achichepere nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo otentha, ndipo ma mackerel achikulire kwambiri amakhala ponseponse m'madzi otentha.
Oimira amitundu ya Eastern mackerel amagawidwa madzi otentha, otentha komanso otentha. Ku Russia, unyinji wamtunduwu umapezekanso pafupi ndi zilumba za Kuril. M'chilimwe, kusunthira kwanyengo yamadzi kumadzi kumachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwachilengedwe, zomwe zingakulitse kwambiri malo ogawikirawa.
Mackerel a Atlantic ndi vuto lomwe limakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean, kuphatikizapo gombe lakummawa kuchokera ku Canary Islands kupita ku Iceland, ndikupezekanso ku Nyanja za Baltic, Mediterranean, Northern, Black ndi Marmara. M'mphepete mwa gombe lakumadzulo, Atlantic mackerel amapezeka kuchokera ku Cape North Carolina kupita ku Labrador. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amalowa munthawi yachilimwe kusamukira kumadzi a Nyanja Yoyera. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu otchedwa Atlantic mackerel chimapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ireland.
Zakudya za Mackerel
Ma Mackerel ndi nyama zambiri zam'madzi zomwe zimakonda kudya. Nsomba zazing'ono zimadyera kumapeto kwa madzi osefera, komanso ma crustaceans ang'ono. Akuluakulu amakonda squid ndi nsomba zazing'ono ngati nyama. Oimira genus amadya kwambiri masana kapena madzulo.
Zomwe zimayimira chakudya cha oimira mitundu ya Japan ya mackerel imayimiriridwa nthawi zambiri ndi masango ambiri a nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'malo operekera zakudya:
- efausiids
- Copepods
- cephalopods
- ctenophores
- zamchere
- polychaete
- nkhanu
- nsomba zazing'ono
- mphutsi za caviar ndi nsomba.
Pali kusintha kwa kadyedwe kazakudya. Mwa zina, ma mackerel akuluakulu amadya nsomba. Pakati pa anthu akuluakulu omwe amapanga udzu nthawi zambiri amadziwika.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama zodya nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi ndizowopsa, koma oyimira mitundu ya Australia ya mackerel ali ndi chidwi kwambiri, chomwe, ali ndi njala, amatha kuthamanga popanda lingaliro ngakhale pa mbedza yosodza popanda nyambo.
Pakuukira nyama yake, mackerel amataya. Mwachitsanzo, mackerel ya Atlantic m'masekondi angapo imatha kupanga liwiro loyenda mpaka 70-80 km / h. Wodya nyama akusaka, akusochera. China chake chosakira gulu lalikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala hamis ndi miyala yamchenga, komanso ma sprats. Zochita zomwe ophatikiza akuluakulu ophatikizidwa amtunduwu amapangitsa kuti awoneke pamwamba pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri nyama zina zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi, komanso mbalame za m'madzi, zimakonda kudya nawo.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Gulu lophunzitsira la pelagic thermophilic limayamba kukula mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Kupitilira apo, anthu okhwima amatha kubereka mwana chaka chilichonse mpaka atakwanitsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kudza makumi awiri. Mackerel okhwima kwambiri amayamba kutuluka pakati pa nthawi yamasika. Achinyamata amalephera kubereka pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Okhwima mackerels amagawa caviar. Njira zoweta zimachitika m'madzi ofunda agombe nthawi yamalimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe.
Ma Mackerel amtundu wamtundu uliwonse amasamba mwachangu. Onse oimira kalasi ya Bacilli, banja la mackerel, ndi dongosolo la mackerel amadziwika ndi chonde chambiri, kotero anthu akuluakulu amasiyira mazira pafupifupi theka miliyoni omwe amaikidwa mazira pafupifupi 200. Pafupifupi theka la dzira ndi milimita imodzi. Dzira lililonse limakhala ndi dontho la mafuta, lomwe limakhala chakudya kwanthawi yoyamba kukula komanso kukula msanga kwa ana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutalika kwa mapangidwe a mphutsi za mackerel zimatengera mwachindunji malo okhala m'madzi, koma nthawi zambiri zimasiyana pakati pa masiku 10 mpaka 14.
Mphutsi za mackerel ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zachiwonetsero, motero zimakonda kubera. Mwachangu omwe amachokera mazira kupita kudziko lapansi ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula, ndipo kutalika kwawo, monga lamulo, sikupitirira masentimita angapo. Mitundu ya Mackerel imakula mwachangu komanso mwachangu, kotero pofika nthawi yophukira kukula kwawo kumatha kuchuluka katatu kapena kupitilira apo. Pambuyo pake, kukula kwa achinyamata mackerel kumayamba kuchepa.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani a onse oimira banja lachi Mackerel pamadzi achilengedwe ndi ochulukirapo, koma mikango yam'madzi ndi zikhonje, nsomba zazikulu zazikulu ndi zazitali zimabweretsa ngozi yayikulu kwa mdani wina. Kupha nsomba za pelagic, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndizofunika kwambiri pakatikati pa trophic. Mackerel, posatengera zaka, ndi nyama zomwe zimadyedwa pafupipafupi osati kwa nsomba zazikulu za pelagic, komanso zoweta zapamadzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Makamaka lero ndi nthumwi za mitundu ya ku Japan yotchedwa mackerel, yomwe anthu ake okhala m'madzi am'nyanja zonse. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mackerel chimakhazikika m'madzi a North Sea.
Chifukwa chachonde chochuluka, anthu amasungidwa mokhazikika, ngakhale nsomba zambiri zimagwira chaka chilichonse.
Zikhala zosangalatsa:
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu onse am'banja la mackerel ndi mtundu wa mackerel kumayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono. Ngakhale mitundu yonse yazipangidwe zodziwika, pakadali pano pali mtundu umodzi wokha m'dera.
Mtengo wosodza
Mackerel ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda.. Oimira mitundu yonse amadziwika ndi nyama yamafuta, yamafuta a vitamini "B12", opanda miyala yaying'ono, yofewa komanso yokoma kwambiri. Nyama yophika ndi yokazinga yokhala ndi kapangidwe kouma pang'ono. Oimira mitundu ya mackerel aku Japan agwidwa m'madzi a Pacific Ocean. Japan ndi Russia zimadyera ku mackerel aku Japan makamaka nyengo yozizira yam'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kubedwa kwakukulukulu kumawonedwa kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Ntchito za usodzi zimachitika ndi zomba zazifupi zakuya, ndipo zimachitidwanso mothandizidwa ndi kachikwama ndi maukonde okhazikika, ma gill ndi ma drage Drift, ma giya a standard uede. Nsomba zovekedwa zimalowa mumsika wadziko lonse mu utsi wosuta ndi ayisikilimu, mumtundu wamchere ndi wamtchire. Mackerel pano ndiomwe akufuna kubzala ku Japan.
Kukula kwa mackerel ambiri
Mackerel amayimilidwa pamsika wa Russia mu mawonekedwe a N / R ndi B / G
za N / A: 200/400, 300/500, 400/600, 500+, 600+
za b / g: 200+, 250+, 275+, 280+, 300+, 350+
FAT: Mafuta okwanira ali 27%, pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumachokera ku 15-18%.
MALO OTHANDIZA: makamaka kuzizira kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja
ZOCHITITSA ZA Mackerel zimachitika ndi zinsomba zakuya ndi zomatula.
Nsomba ya makerele
Nsomba ya makerele Zimaphatikiza mikhalidwe yomwe imathandiza munthu: imakhala yokoma, imakhala yodzaza ndikuchulukana bwino. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwire zochuluka kwambiri pachaka, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuti zisawononge anthu: mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba yomwe imadwala kwambiri, mackerel imakhala yogwira ntchito konse.
Zinthu ndi malo okhala ndi mackerel
Nsomba za Mackerel, ili m'gulu la mackerel ngati banja la mackerel. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa cholengedwa cham'madzi kumeneku kumakhala pafupifupi 30 cm, koma mwachilengedwe, anthu amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa kutalikirapo, pomwe amafikira masauza mpaka 2 kg.
Komabe, zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimatha kulemera 300 g zokha. Mutu wa nsomba umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cheni, thupi limafanana ndi chopondera, chomwe chimakutidwa ndi mamba yaying'ono, mbali ya mchira imayengedwa ndikumakanikizidwa kuchokera kumbali. Mtundu wa siliva ndi siliva, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, kumbuyo kwake ndi kwamtambo.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zimachitika masiku onse: dorsal and pectoral, mackerel ili ndi mizere isanu ya zipsepse zowonjezera, zomwe mchirawo umafalikira kwambiri. Monga mamembala ambiri am'banja lama mackerel, mu nsomba zotere ndizotheka kusiyanitsa mphete yafupa kuzungulira maso. Kulira kwa nyama zam'nyanjazi kumasonyezedwa, mano ake amakhala opanga komanso ochepa kukula.
Ma Mackerel amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu. Pakati mitundu ya mackerel Achiafrika amafikira zazikulu zazikulu. Kutalika kwa anthu oterewa kumakhala kofanana ndi masentimita 63, pomwe kulemera kumatha kupitilira ma kilogalamu awiri.
Chaching'ono kwambiri (44 cm ndi 350 g) ndi buluu kapena mackerel achi Japan. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera ku mitundu ya nsomba zotere imadziwika: wamba Atlantic ndi Australia. Mackerels amakhala mdera lamadzi, kufalikira kumadera onse padziko lapansi, kupatula nyanja ya Arctic. Zinsomba za nsomba zotere zimasambira munyanja zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, zimasamukira kumadzi oyera, mackerel amakhala mkati mwakuya kwa Baltic, Marmara, Black ndi nyanja zina.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Makolo a nsomba adawoneka kale kwambiri - zaka 500 miliyoni zapitazo. Choyambirira chomwe chakhazikika ndi pikaya, cholengedwa masentimita 2-3, chikuwoneka ngati nyongolotsi kuposa nsomba. Pikaya analibe zipsepse, ndipo adasambira, kuwongola thupi.Ndipo pokhapokha patatha zaka zambiri kuchokera pomwe chilengedwe chidakhalapo pomwe mitundu yoyamba yofanana ndi yamakono idawonekera.
Izi zidachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya Triassic, nthawi yomweyo gulu la ovala-ray, lomwe mackerel ndi lake. Ngakhale zakale kwambiri za zokutira-ray ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zamakono, zoyambira zawo zimakhala zofanana. Ndipo, nsomba zamakono za nthawi ya Mesozoic pafupifupi zonse zidatha, ndipo mitundu yomwe imakhala mdziko lapansi pano idayamba nthawi ya Paleogene.
Kodi mackerel amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: nsomba za Mackerel
Mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba umakhala ndi mtundu wake, ngakhale mwa zina umapanikizana.:
- Mackerel a Atlantic amapezeka kumpoto kwa Atlantic, ndipo amapezeka munyanja ya Mediterranean. Munthawi yotentha imatha kufikira Nyanja Yoyera, ndipo koposa zonse kumpoto,
- Ma mackerel aku Africa amakhalanso ku Atlantic, koma kumwera, magulu awo amadutsana, kuyambira ku Bay of Biscay. Itha kupezekanso ku Canary Islands komanso kum'mwera kwa Black Sea. Chodziwika kwambiri mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, makamaka kum'mwera kwake. Nsomba zazing'ono zimapezeka ku Kongo, koma achikulire amasambira kumpoto.
- Mackerel aku Japan amakhala pagombe lakummawa kwa Asia komanso kuzungulira Japan, zilumba za Indonesia, kum'mawa amapezeka ku Hawaii,
- Mackerel aku Australia amapezeka pagombe la Australia, komanso New Guinea, Philippines, Hainan ndi Taiwan, Japan, kufalikira kumpoto mpaka ku zilumba za Kuril. Itha kupezekanso kutali ndi mitundu yayikulu: mu Nyanja Yofiira, Gulf of Aden ndi Persian Gulf. Ngakhale kusodza kwamtunduwu kumachitikanso, kumakhala koyenera pansi pa Japan.
Monga mukuwonera, mackerel amakhala makamaka m'madzi otentha kwambiri: ndi yaying'ono komanso yotalikirapo kumpoto, munyanja za Arctic Ocean, ndi kotentha kotentha kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa madzi am'nyanja momwe akukhalamo kumasiyana kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chakusunthika kwakanthawi: zimasunthira kumalo komwe madzi amakhala pamtunda wabwino (10-18 ° C).
Ndi nsomba zokha zomwe zimakhala mu Indian Ocean zomwe sizimasamukira: kutentha kwa madzi kumasintha pang'ono mchaka, motero palibe chifukwa chosamukira. Anthu ena amasamukira patali mtunda wautali, mwachitsanzo, mackerel a Black Sea amasambira kumpoto kwa Atlantic nyengo yachisanu - chifukwa cha mafunde otentha, madziwo amakhalabe oyenera. Masika akafika, amabwerera.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mackerel amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe nsomba izi zimadya.
Kodi mackerel amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mackerel m'madzi
Zakudya za nsomba zimaphatikizaponso:
Ngakhale mackerel ndi ochepa, amadya plankton: amasefa madzi ndikudya mitundu yaying'ono yomwe ili mmenemo. Zimadyetsanso nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, mphutsi, tizilombo komanso nyama zazing'ono, popanda kupanga kusiyana pakati pawo.
Koma zitha kuchitikiranso kuneneratu: kusaka mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya nsomba. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimadyera ku hering'i kapena ma sprats. Chakudya choterocho chimakhala chodziwika bwino kwa nsomba yokalamba kale, ndipo ndi nkono imatha kulimbana ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri.
Sukulu yayikulu ya mackerel imathanso kulanda masukulu a nsomba zina zomwe zimayesa kuthawa posamukira pamwamba pomwe pamadzi. Kenako chisokonezo nthawi zambiri chimayamba: nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi zimadyera nsomba zazing'ono, mbalame amazilumphira kwa iwo, ma dolphin ndi zilombo zina zazikulu zimasambira kuti zimveke.
Mackerel mwachangu nthawi zambiri amadya abale awo. Ngakhale cannibalism ndizofala mwa akulu: nsomba zazikulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimadya ana. Ma mackerel onse amakhala ndi chilakolako chabwino, koma ndi abwino kuposa a ku Australia, nsomba izi zimadziwika kuti nthawi zina zimadziponyera ngakhale pa mbedza yopanda kanthu, zomwe zimakonda kudya chilichonse mosasamala.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mackerel amathanso kuwombera, koma osati yosavuta chifukwa chokhoza kuthana mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu kugwedezeka. Amatha kusiya mbedza, ndikofunikira pang'ono pang'ono - chifukwa mafani am'masewera am'makonda. Koma simatha kuigwira kuchokera pagombe, muyenera kuchita izi kuchokera m'bwatomo, ndipo ndibwino kuti muchoke pagombe moyenera.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Sea Mackerel
Yogwira masana ndi madzulo, pumulani usiku. Mukasaka nsomba zina mumaponya mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri kuchokera pomubisalira. Pakuponyera kotereku amatha kukwanitsa kuthamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kuchoka kwa iwo.
Nsomba zoyipa, ndiye kuti, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mwakuya kwambiri. Miyoyo m'matanthwe, ndipo nthawi zina yosakanizidwa: kuphatikiza ndi mackerel omwewo, atha kuphatikizira sardine ndi nsomba zina. Amakonda kusaka onse m'matumba komanso payekhapayekha. Mukasaka palimodzi, masukulu a nsomba zazing'ono nthawi zambiri amakwera pansi, pomwe ma mackerel amapitilira kuwathamangitsa.
Zotsatira zake, nyama zina zam'madzi, zomwe zimakonda chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo mbalame, makamaka mbalame za m'madzi, zimayamba kusewera - kotero ma mackerel ena kuchokera kwa asaka amasintha kukhala nyama, chifukwa amasiya kukhala maso akafuna kugwira nsomba zina.
Koma zonsezi zimagwira mu nyengo yotentha. Kwa miyezi ingapo yozizira, mackerel amasinthiratu momwe amakhalira ndipo amagwera mtundu wamtundu wa hibernation. Ngakhale izi sizingatchulidwe kuti hibernation yathunthu, nsombazo zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu munthawi yachisanu, ndipo kwanthawi yayitali siziyenda - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizidya chilichonse.
Mackerel amakhala nthawi yayitali - zaka 15-18, nthawi zina zaka 22-23. Imakula pang'onopang'ono ndi zaka, msambo wabwino kwambiri wopha nsomba ndi zaka 10-12 - pofika nthawi imeneyi umakhala wamkulu kwambiri, ndipo nyamayo imakhala yokoma kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Ma Mackerel amakhala m'masukulu, onse amachokera ku nsomba zamtundu umodzi, ndipo amasakanikirana, nthawi zambiri ndi hering'i, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwidwa limodzi. Nsomba zamtundu womwewo zimasowa m'masukulu, zomwe sizimakhala zazikulu kwambiri zazaka khumi ndi zinayi, ndipo zazing'ono kwambiri zimawonekera. Zimamera pachaka chachiwiri, pambuyo pake zimachitika chaka chilichonse. Ma mackerel okalamba kwambiri omwe afika zaka 10-15 ndi oyamba kutuluka, ku Atlantic anthuwa zimachitika mu Epulo. Kenako pang'onopang'ono anthu ang'onoang'ono amapita kukatulutsa, ndi zina zotero mpaka masabata omaliza a June, pamene nsomba zazaka ziwiri zokha zinatulutsa.
Chifukwa cha kubereka kwapachaka komanso kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amatsukidwa panthawi (pafupifupi mazira 500,000 pamunthu aliyense), mackerel amadziwidwa mwachangu kwambiri, ngakhale atakhala kuti akuwopsa komanso akugwira mafakitale, alipo ambiri. Kutumphuka, nsomba imapita m'madzi ofunda kuchokera pagombe, koma nthawi yomweyo amasankha malo mwakuya ndikuyika mazira pakuya kwa ma 150-200 m. Izi zimapereka chitetezo kwa anthu ambiri omwe amadya caviar, kuphatikiza ndi nsomba zina zomwe sizimasambira kwambiri.
Mazira ndi ochepa, pafupifupi mamilimita awiri, koma kuphatikiza pa mluza, aliyense amakhalanso ndi dontho lamafuta, lomwe amatha kudya poyamba. Pambuyo pa mackerel kutuluka, imasambira, koma mazira amafunika kugona masiku 10-20 kuti mphutsi zizipanga. Nthawi yeniyeni zimatengera magawo amadzi, makamaka kutentha kwake, chifukwa ma mackerel akuyesera kusankha malo otentha kuti athe kuwaza.
Mphutsi zokha zomwe zidabadwa ndizomwe zimatha kudziteteza motsutsana ndi zilombo, ndipo zimadziyambitsa zokha. Amalimbana ndi chilichonse chocheperako komanso chocheperako, ndikudya nyama ngati adakwanitsa kuthana nayo - chilakolako chake ndichodabwitsa. Kuphatikiza kudya mitundu yawo. Mphutsi zikangowoneka 3mm kutalika, koma, kudya mwachangu, zimayamba kukula mwachangu kwambiri. Popeza kulibe chakudya chokwanira aliyense, ambiri amafa nthawi imeneyi, koma ena onse amakula mpaka 4-5 masentimita pakugwa - komabe, amakhalabe ochepa komanso osatetezeka.
Zitatha izi, nthawi ya kukula kwambiri yogwira, nsomba zimayamba kuchepa magazi, ndipo machitidwe awo mochuluka amayamba kufanana ndi akulu. Koma ngakhale mackerels atayamba kukhwima, kukula kwake kumakhalabe kochepa, ndipo akupitilizabe kukula.
Momwe mungaphikire mackerel
Mackerel ndi nsomba yomwe imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pachakudya. Ndipo adamupatsa malo apadera pakuphika, kuyambira nsomba ya makerele – nsomba zathanzi. Zakudya zamafuta a nyama zam'madzi izi ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo zimafika pa 16.5%, chifukwa chake nsomba zamtunduwu, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwamafuta acids, ndizopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya mackerel imakhala yokoma, yofewa, ilibe mafupa ang'onoang'ono, motero amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi iwo, okhala ndi mapuloteni osavuta kugaya ndi vitamini B12.
Nyama ya Mackerel ndi mitundu yabwino. Pali zakudya zopambana kuposa nsomba izi. Ndipo yothandiza kwambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso pagome la zikondwerero maphikidwe a mackerel, ndipo mtengo wambiri udapangidwa.
Nyama yotereyi imaphikidwa mu uvuni ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kuzifutsa, kuwotchera, kuthiriridwa ndi misuzi yosiyanasiyana, yodzaza ndi madzi okwanira pakamwa, zidutswa zokazinga ndi zophika zophika. Komabe, zoterezi zimakhala ndi zina. Chowonadi ndi chakuti fungo la mackerel atsopano ndiwotsimikizika.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake amayi aluso aluso, kuti apange mbale zokoma kuchokera ku mackerel, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Asanaphike, nyama ya nsombayi nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira yoyera yoyera, viniga, mandimu kapena mandimu kuti aletse fungo losafunikira. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, ndizothekanso kuwaza nyama yansomba ndi zitsamba zonunkhira.
Mackerel fillet imagawidwa mosavuta kukhala zigawo za semicircular. Nyama yotereyi imayenera kuphikidwa ndi kukulunga mu zojambulazo. Ma mackerel okhathamira ndi owiritsa ali ndi vuto kuti limakhala louma pang'ono, chifukwa limapereka mosavuta mafuta omwe ali momwemo. Ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso chokwanirira nyama yake asanaphike.
Mankhwala omwe atchulidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Ndipo ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mackerel achisanu kachiwiri. Pomaliza, mafuta omwe amapezeka munyama amatha kuzimiririka. Ndipo chizindikiritso kuti izi zachitika kale ndi mawanga achikaso omwe amawonekera pamtembo.