Chinsomba cha Humpback, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti humpback komanso minche yokhala ndi manja atali, ndi nyama yam'madzi yochokera kubanja la mapanga amizeremizere a pansi pake. Mtundu wokha wamtunduwu, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi yofala komanso yotchuka. Nyangayo imatchedwa choncho, chifukwa mapiri ake omaliza amakhala ofanana ndi kanyumbako, ndipo pakusambira imagwira kwambiri msana wake.
Maonekedwe a chinsomba
Amuna a Humpback ndi ochepa pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Thupi la mkazi limafikira mita 14, ndipo wamphongo - 13 metres. Pafupifupi, munthu wamkulu amalemera matani 35. Pali anthu omwe kulemera kwawo kumakhala kwakukulu.
Gorbach ndi nyama yayikulu, imalemera kuposa matani 40.
Cholemera cholembetsedwa kwambiri ndi matani 48. Thupi la chinsomba chotchedwa humpback whale ndi wandiweyani komanso wolimba, mbali yakumbuyo ndiyakikulu kuposa kumbuyo. Mutu wake ndi waukulu, umakhala pafupifupi 25% ya kutalika kwa thupi. Pali mandulo ofukula pamimba ndi mmero. Apezeka patali kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Chiwerengero chawo ndi 20. Mu humpback, ndalama ya dorsal ndi yaying'ono, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mchira. Mchira waukulu ndi wolimba uli ndi konsekonse koyipa. Mphepete zomwezo ndi zipsepse zazitali zazitali. Pa zipsepsezi ndi nsagwada zonse ziwiri pali zikopa za pakhungu.
Ntchito yodabwitsa yochitidwa ndi chinsomba cha humpback.
Pamkamwa patsekemera pali chinsomba chakuda, chomwe chili ndimbale mazana angapo. Amatsika kuchokera tsiku lakumtunda ndipo ali pafupifupi mita. M'mphepete mwa mbale mumakonzedwa ndi mphonje. Mukamadyetsa, nyamayo imatsegula pakamwa pake ndi kumeza plankton. Pambuyo pake, nangumiyo amatulutsira madzi mkamwa ndi lilime lake, ndikugwiririra. Kenako humpback akunyambita chakudya ndi lilime lake.
Thupi la chinsomba cha humpback limakhala ndi utoto wosiyana. Thupi lakumwamba ndi lakuda, pafupifupi lakuda, pansi ndikuda ndi mawanga akulu oyera. Mimba nthawi zina imatha kukhala yoyera kwathunthu. Mbali yapamwamba ya zipsezazo ndi yakuda bii, mbali yakumunsi ndiyoyera, ngakhale anthu omwe amapanga zipsepse zakuda kapena zoyera nthawi zina amapezeka. Pansi pa mchira mulinso zokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga oyera. Aliyense ali ndi mtundu wake, mtundu wake komanso kukula kwake kwa mawanga.
Makhalidwe Abwino a Humpback
Nthawi zambiri moyo wam'madzi otchedwa humpback umachitika m'madzi am'mphepete, osapitirira 100 km kuchokera pagombe. Amasambira munyanja pokhapokha posamuka. Ma Humpbacks amasambira mwachangu kwa 10-15 km / h, kuthamanga kwambiri komwe amatha kukhala mpaka 30 km / h. Ndikusaka ndi kudya chakudya, chimamizidwa m'madzi kwa nthawi yoposa mphindi 15, kupitilira pamenepo imatha kukhalako kwa mphindi 30. Kuzama kwambiri komwe kumatha kumira kwa mbawala ya humpback ndi mamita 300. Mukapuma, imatulutsa madzi ndi kasupe, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 3 mita. Gululi limatha kukhala lolusa ndipo nthawi zina limatsutsa zombo zazing'ono. Amalumpha kuchokera m'madzi kwa thupi loposa 2/3 la thupi.
Nyamayi imakonda kusambira komanso kuyendetsa bwino madzi, nthawi zambiri imadumphira m'madzi. Amapanganso kuti athane ndi tizirombo ta m'madzi pakhungu lake. Maziko azakudya ndi cephalopods ndi crustaceans. Amadyedwa ndi nsomba. Chinsomba chimasambira kupita kusukulu ya nsomba, kumenya madzi ndi mchira wake, ndikuwadula, kenako ndikukhazikika pansi, ndikutsegula pakamwa ndikuwuka, motero kumeza nyama.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mimba mwa mkazi imachitika nthawi yozizira, yomwe kum'mwera chakum'mawa kugwa pa Juni-August. Ngakhale wamkazi atenga pakati mu Seputembala ndi Novembala, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Kutalika kwa pakati ndi miyezi 11. Mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa, yemwe kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 1 tonne, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi mita 4. Akazi amadyetsa ana mkaka kwa miyezi 10. Pamapeto pa kudyetsa mkaka, amphaka amalemera kale matani 8 ndipo ali ndi thunthu mpaka mita 9. Mbewuyo imakhala ndi mkazi kwa miyezi 18, kenako mwanayo amusiya ndipo mkaziyo amakhalanso ndi pakati. Mimba wamkazi humpback amakhala ndi pafupipafupi zaka 2. Zoyamwa izi zimakhwima pofika zaka 5. Anangumi a Humpback amakhala zaka 40-45.
Adani a chinsomba cha humpback
Nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zilibe mdani, zimangodzipha zokha ndipo anthu ndi osiyana, ndipo munthu ndi wowopsa kuposa wolusa panyanja. Kwa zaka mazana awiri zapitazi, anthu anapha nyama zonsezi. Tsopano nangumi wapa humpback amalembedwa mu International Red Book ndipo amatetezedwa ndi malamulo. Masiku ano, anthu pafupifupi 20,000.
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Miyeso
Humpback ndi chinsomba chachikulu. Thupi lake limafika kutalika kwa akazi ndi mamiliyoni 14.5, mamilimita 13.5 mwa amuna, kutalika kwambiri kwa chinsomba cha humpback ndi mamita 17-18.
Kulemera kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi matani 30: The anamgumi kumbuyo kwa humpback amadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri kwamafuta am'madzi am'matanthwe komanso malo achiwiri pachizindikirocho pakati pa anamgumi onse.
Mawonekedwe
Thupi la chinsomba cha humpback limafupikitsidwa, limakhala lakuthwa, limakulitsidwa kutsogolo, ndipo limapanga matepi ndi mapangano kumbali yakumbuyo kwake. Mutu umakutidwa, kuzunguliridwa kumapeto. Nsagwada yapansi imayang'ana kutsogolo. Mimba ndi zachiwerewere. Maso ndi m'mimba yokhala ndi masitayilo amtundu wautali. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizitali. Fin kumbuyo kumakhala kotsika, 30-35 masentimita okwera, owonda, akufanana ndi hump. Ndalama ya caudal ndi yayikulu.
Mtundu
Utoto wa kumbuyo ndi mbali za humpback ndi wakuda, imvi, nthawi zina woderapo, woderapo kuposa anthu ena am'banja. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba zimatha kukhala zakuda, zoyera, kapena zamawonekedwe. M zipsepse zamtchire ndi zakuda kumtunda, pansi ndi zoyera kapena zamawanga. Mtundu wa caudal nawonso ndi wakuda pamwamba, ndipo yoyera, yakuda kapena yamtambo pansipa. Mbawala iliyonse ya humpback imadziwika ndi mtundu wake,
Zomwe zimadya
Zakudya za humpback whale zimaphatikizapo pansi ndi pelagic crustaceans, kuweta nsomba (hering'i, mackerel, gerbil, sardine, anchovies, capelin, pollock, haddock, saffron cod, pollock, cod, polod cod, kawirikawiri cephalopods ndi mapiko am'mapapo am'manja. Pachifukwachi, anamgumi amakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi komwe amakhala, komwe kumapezeka nyama zofananazo. Chakudya pafupifupi 500-600 kg chimayikidwa m'mimba mwa humpback. Kunenepa kumachitika pakudyetsa, ndipo ndikusunthira komanso kukazizira, ma humpback amakhala ndi ludzu ndipo amakhala m'malo ambiri olemera, otaya pafupifupi 25-30% ya kulemera kwawo.
Komwe mbalame za humpback zimakhala
Gorbach ndi chinsombacho. Anangumi a Humpback sakhala ku Arctic Ocean. Kwa moyo, amakonda madzi am'mphepete ndi mashelufu; amalowa m'madzi akuya pokhapokha posamukira.
Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu
Kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kumamvana ndi kukula kwa amuna ndi akazi. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono, pafupifupi 1-2 mita kutalika ndi matani angapo wolemera kuposa amuna. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake, gawo la urogenital limasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana: amuna samakhala ndi hemispherical protrusion (mainchesi 15) kumapeto kwa urogenital gap.
Khalidwe
Ma Humpbacks amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, nthawi zambiri samapita kunyanja yowongoka pomwe amasamuka. Kutha kusambira mazana ndi makilomita pamzere wowongoka. Malo omwe nthawi yozizira imadyedwa komanso kudyetsa amatha kukhala osinthika komanso osintha.
Pakatikati liwiro whale humpback 8-15 km / h Kutalika kwambiri kumafika 27 km / h.
Humpback whale kudumpha
Mtunduwu umakhala wamphamvu komanso umakonda kwambiri, umakonda kutuluka m'madzi moyenera, zomwe nthawi zonse zimakopa chidwi cha anthu. Imatha kulowa m'madzi nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakweza mchira wake. Nthawi zambiri mumayenda pachilimwe kwa mphindi 5, nthawi yozizira - kwa mphindi 10-15, komanso ngakhale theka la ola. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi yozizira, humpback imapuma pansi pa madzi, ndipo nthawi yotentha - pamwamba pake. Kasupe whale wa humpback ndi wamtali 2-5 m, kutalika kwake ndi 4-15 s.
Anangumi a humpback sakhala magulu osatha. Amasaka chakudya chilichonse payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapangidwira maola angapo. M'magulu otere, anamgumi nthawi zonse amakhala olimbirana, chifukwa chake amuna amawalondera akazi ndi ana.
Matumba
Kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi 4.5 m, kulemera - 700-2000 kg. Kuyamwitsa mkaka kumatenga mpaka zaka 10 mpaka 11, pamene khandalo limamwa mkaka 40,045 wa mkaka patsiku. Ndi mayi, chinsomba chaching'ono chimakhala ndi zaka 1-2. Wamphongo sasamala za ana.
Kukula kwachinyamata kumakula mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zachikazi zimabereka pafupifupi 1 nthawi 2-2.5 zaka. Nthawi yayitali yotalikirana ndi zakale ndi zaka 40-50.
Adani achilengedwe a humpback whale
Pamwamba pa thupi la chinyezi, majeremusi ambiri amakhala, kuposa mitundu yofanana. Awa ndi maepapodi, apapodi, nsabwe za chinsomba, zozungulira. Of endoparasites, trematode, nematode, cestode, ndi scratches ndizofala.
Ponena za adani achilengedwe, sikuti amakhala ndi chizungu chotchedwa humpback whale. Nthawi zina amagwidwa ndi ziphuphu zakupha ndi shaki.
Humpback, pamodzi ndi anamgumi ena akuluakulu, anali mitu yankhandwe, chifukwa chake, mpaka mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa anthu kunachepetsedwa ndi 90%. Mtunduwu unali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa chofuna kukhala pafupi ndi gombe. Kuyambira chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900 mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900, maofesi ena oposa 200,000 anakumbidwa mu World Ocean. Kuletsedwa kwathunthu kwa mtundu wa humpback whale kunayambitsidwa mu 1966 ndi International Whaling Commission. Tsopano kusodza kumangokhala ndi mahava ochepa pachaka. Pambuyo poletsa izi, anthu pang'onopang'ono adayamba kuchira, ndipo mitunduyi masiku ano imadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka osati monga yowopsezedwa.
Kusagwirizana ndi sitima, kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kwamadzi, maukonde osambira momwe maukonde amakhudzidwira amapweteketsa zinunda zam'madzi.
Zochititsa chidwi:
- Nyimbo zokhala ndi anamgumi otchedwa humpback whale otchuka, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakubala kwawo. Akazi a Humpback amatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, koma amuna okha ndi omwe amayimba kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mopitilira muyeso. Nyimbo ya humpback ndi mndandanda wina wama phokoso osinthidwa pafupipafupi a 40-5000 Hz, omwe amakhala mphindi 6-35, ndipo amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza. Amuna amayimba makamaka ngati akazi okhala ndi ana pafupi nawo. Amatha kuyimba imodzi nthawi imodzi. Malinga ndi "kuyimba kwanyimbo" uku ndikotheka kutsata njira zosunthira za anamgumi.
- Anangumi a humpback ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri wa anamgumi onse. M'madera onse a m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi komwe kumapezeka zimbudzi, zimakopa chidwi cha alendo omwe amakonda kuwona momwe anamgumi amatuluka m'madzi, amatulutsa akasupe ndikumvetsera nyimbo zawo.