Madagascar boa constrictor (lat. Acrantophis madagascariensis) ndi a banja la Zonama (Boidae). Imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya njoka za ku boa ku Madagascar. Anthu okhala kumpoto kwambiri ndi kum'mawa kwa chilumbachi, amakhala m'nkhalango zamvula zotentha kwambiri mpaka 800m kuposa nyanja.
Khungu la nyama zamtunduwu limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu amderali popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatumba. Anthu aku China omwe amakhala ku Madagascar amadya nyama yake ndikudya, amaiona kuti ndi yabwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri pakulimbitsa chitetezo m'thupi.
Khalidwe
Ku Madagascar boa kumakhala moyo wosangalatsa. Masana amapumula m'malo otchinga nyama, milu yamasamba owala, pansi pa miyala kapena mitengo yakugwa. Imayenda makamaka kokha panthaka. Pamitengo, imatha kuwoneka pokha pokha pokha komanso pazaka zazing'ono.
M'nyengo yozizira kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi, reptile imakhala mumkhalidwe wopumula (hypobiosis), wokhala ngati kubisala nyengo yachisanu kwa nyama zina zapambuyo. Zochita zake zogwira ntchito zimachepa, zomwe zimakhazikika mwachangu ndi kutentha koyamba.
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi makoswe ndi mbalame.
Wogwidwa amaphedwa ndi kuluma kwamphamvu kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikumeza mutu wonse woyamba. Chifukwa chakachetechete, njokayo nthawi zonse imasaka anthu obisala, kudikirira moleza mtima kuti phokoso lidayandikira. Mtundu wa Camouflage umapangitsa kuti uzikhala wosaonekera mu udzu, masamba owuma kapena udzu.
Kuswana
Madagascar Boas amakhala okhwima pazaka 3-5. Amuna amakhala okhwima pakati pa akazi. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba pafupifupi miyezi iwiri atachoka hibernation ndikupitilira kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Akazi amabala ana pafupipafupi kwa zaka 2-3, zomwe zimatengera kukula kwawo komanso kunenepa.
Zamoyo zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zimaswana nthawi zambiri. Mimba imatenga masiku 150-180. Akazi ophatikiza amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, womwe umawathandiza kulandira kutentha kwambiri kwa dzuwa ndikukhwimitsa pang'ono kagayidwe kake pang'ono.
Nyoka za 4-10 zimakwana 60 cm ndipo zimalemera 200-250 g Zimabadwa kwambiri. Akangobadwa kumene, amasamukira kwinokha. Masabata oyamba amadya tizilombo, kenako amapitilira nyama zazikulu. Poyamba, khungu lawo limakhala ndimtambo wofiyira, koma pang'onopang'ono limayamba kuda ndikamakula.
Oimira amtunduwu mu vivo amatha kubereka ana osakanizidwa ndi Dumeryl boas (Acrantophis dumerili).
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumafika masentimita 250-270. Zitsanzo za munthu payekha zimakula mpaka 300 cm. Akazi ndi okulirapo komanso olemera kuposa amuna. Thupi lamphamvu ndi minofu, njoka imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakuthupi. Mchira wake ndi waufupi kwambiri.
Mitundu yayikulu imakhala yosiyanira ndi yaiwisi, yofiirira, yocheperako nthawi zambiri. Kumbuyo, mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda kapena wakuda bii amaoneka bwino. Malo amdima ndi owala amawoneka m'mbali. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumapereka chitsulo chazitsulo.
Mutu wopingasa utatu umasiyanitsidwa momasuka ndi thupi ndi kulowetsa khosi. Maso amadzitsitsa pamutu. Ana amapangika molunjika. Pafupi ndi cesspool, ma spurs a anal amawonekera.
Zaka zomwe akuyembekeza moyo wa Madagascar boa constrictor ndi zaka 25.
Mawonekedwe
Wachikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala wa kutalika kwa 122-152 cm, koma zitsanzo zake ndizofala kwambiri ndipo ndi zazitali 183-213 cm. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna.
Pali mitundu iwiri yosankha pa constitoror ya boa; ena amawaona ngati ma subspecies awiri osiyana. Choyambirira - chobiriwira kapena cha imvi - chimakhala chofala kum'mawa kwa malowo. Wachiwiri - wachikaso, lalanje kapena bulauni - kumadzulo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri nkhono zobiriwira zaku Madagascar zimakhala zocheperako nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa bulauni.
Mkhalidwe Otetezedwa wa Madagascar Wood Boas
Mtunduwu umagawidwa ngati wosauka. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, pakhala pali kuchepa kwa ziwengo za nkhuni ku Madagascar ndi 20%. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo awo okhala.
Ma boan awa akuwopsezedwa kuti atheratu, ndiye kuti malonda apadziko lonse lapansi njoka izi saloledwa.
Iyi ndiye njoka yayikulu yokha ya mitengo ku Madagascar.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Wood Madagascar Boa Amakonda kukhala pamitengo kapena m'ma tchire ndipo amakhala ndi moyo ngati mtengo. Imakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, mitsinje, dziwe kapena madambo ndipo imagwira ntchito usiku. Wood boa amadyera makamaka mbalame ndi mileme. Kuti adziwe nyama, amagwiritsanso ntchito milomo yowuma pamilomo yake. Imatha kusiya mitengo kuti ikasake nyama zazing'ono pansi.
Wood Madagascar Boas
Mitengo yamatanda ndimakonda kusewera. Amadyetsa makamaka kuthengo ndi mileme ndi mbalame. Nyama ikuwoneka ikumagwiritsa ntchito milomo yoluma pamilomo. Zimasaka osati mitengo, komanso pansi nyama zazing'ono.
Mtundu wa dzina lachi Latinwu umachokera ku chilankhulo cha Malagasy, pomwe mawu oti "manditra" ndi dzina lanyama la nyama iyi.
Khalidwe la Madagascar Wood Boas
Ma boa amenewa ali ndi mbiri yoti amakonda kudyera anzawo koma kuthengo amakhala ochezeka. Ngati makanda amatha kuukira, koma akamunyamula, nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi.
Ma boa awa ndi olimba mokwanira, chifukwa chake agwidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha imfa, ndipo ndizosavuta kuwagwira m'manja mwanu, zingakhale zovuta kubwezeretsanso ngongole.
Chiwopsezo cha Wood Madagascar Boas
Ma boas awa ayenera kupatsidwa mwayi wokwera kwambiri, amasangalala kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kupanga mashelufu kumalo otetezedwa kapena kuyika zigoba.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri loti lipangidwe ndi njoka izi ndi malo okhala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chotengera cha pulasitiki cha opaque, chomwe mkati mwake mumayikidwa chinyontho kapena nyemba za paini.
Monga gawo lapansi la terariamu, mafayilo a aspen ndi oyenera, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito matawulo a pepala, nyuzipepala, nsalu za terry ndi zina zotero. Simungagwiritse ntchito utuchi wa mkungudza, chifukwa ndiowopsa kwa njoka.
Imatha kusiya mitengo kuti ikasake nyama zazing'ono pansi.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa malo opangira nkhuni ku Madagascar ndi 120 mwa 50 ndi 50 cm.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, m'malo omwe amasungidwa amasunga kutentha masana - 24-27 madigiri, komanso usiku 18-16 madigiri. Ngati mayi woyembekezera asungidwa, kutentha kumatuluka madigiri angapo. Panthawi yobereketsa, nyengo yachisanu imakonzedwa. Kuti mukhale chinyezi, mutha kungoyika akumwa wamkulu mu terrarium.
Ana amasunga kutentha kwa firiji, pomwe magawo ena owonjezera samawgwiritsira ntchito. M'malo oterewa, amakhala omasuka. Mu chipolopolo cha coconut, safunanso kutentha kwina.
Kudyetsa Wood Boas Kudyetsa
Ma boazi awa samadya nthawi zambiri, chifukwa amakhala ndi kagayidwe kochepa, ndiye kuti safuna chakudya chambiri.
Amuna, monga lamulo, amayamba kudya kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, kudya nthawi 1 pamwezi, koma amatha kudya pafupipafupi. Mu Okutobala, amakana chakudya, makamaka ngati pali chachikazi pafupi.
Bungwe la Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna ndi Flora laletsa malonda apadziko lonse amtunduwu.
Mwa akazi, chikhalidwe cha chakudya chimatha kusiyanasiyana. Amadya kamodzi pamwezi. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya zochepa kuposa masiku onse. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, akazi nthawi zambiri amasiya kukonda chakudya. Amayamba kudya atabereka komanso atatha kusungunuka.
Kubala Madanda a Wood Madanda
Ali ku ukapolo, njoka izi ndizovuta kubereka. Amatha kubala ana chaka chilichonse. Popeza ali ndi kagayidwe kochepa, amafunika nthawi yopezera mphamvu zomwe zingafunikire pakubala. Zachikazi zazikulu zimabereka ana nthawi zambiri.
Kuti zitheke bwino, abambo awiri ndi wamkazi amayikidwa m'khola limodzi. Amuna amanyalanyaza chachikazi ndikumenyana pakati pawo. Pambuyo pomenya nkhondo, woluza amachotsedwa ndipo wopambanayo amatsala.
Mwezi wa Novembala, matenthedwe omwe amakhala komwe banja limakhalamo amatsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 15 usiku, ndikukweza madigiri 22 masana, ndikusunga kutentha kwa miyezi iwiri. Sabata yomaliza ya Disembala, kutentha kwamasana kumatsitsidwa ndi digiri, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo ndimadigiri angapo. Potsitsa kutentha, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa, popeza ma boasi amatha kudwala, ngati zikuwoneka kuti ziweto zikuchita kwambiri kuti zitsike, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuwukitsidwa.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zobiriwira zaku Madagascar zimakhala zocheperako nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa bulauni.
Kenako njoka imachotsedwa nthawi yachisanu, ikubwerera ku kutentha wamba. Akazi oyembekezera amayamba "kuwowerera" amakwera m'mbale, ndipo potero amayang'anira kutentha kwa thupi. Akaziwo akatuluka mumbale yomwera madzi, madziwo amasinthidwa. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimadyanso osatuluka m'madzi. Akanyowa, amayamba kutentha, pomwe amakhala pansi pa nyali kwa maola ambiri, mpaka matupi awo amatentheza mpaka madigiri 38, ndipo usiku amapita kumalo ogona. Mungamvetsetsanso kuti mkaziyo ndi woyembekezera, monga mtundu wake wakuda.
Ana obadwa kumene poyamba amakhala ankhalwe, koma kamodzi m'manja mwawo, nthawi yomweyo amataya njira zawo zodzitchinjiriza. Makanda obadwa kumene amatha kudyetsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi mbewa zapakatikati.
Pa zaka 10 zapitazi, pakhala pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndi 20%.
Ana amasungidwa kutentha, safunanso kutentha. Usiku iwo amakwawa kuchokera m'makola ndikukwera pamwamba.
Mwambiri, nkhuni za ku Madagascar nkosavuta kusamalira. Sakufuna kutentha kwamphamvu kwa mlengalenga, safunikira chakudya chochuluka, samakula kwambiri, alibe zofunika zapadera kuti azikonzanso, ndipo koposa zonse ndizolekerera m'manja. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo ya nkhuni ku Madagascar imawoneka yokongola, imakhala ndi mtundu wowala modabwitsa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
