African Moon Hawk, kapena African Polybore (Polyboroides typus) kufalikira konsekonse kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa: kuchokera ku Senegal kum'mawa mpaka ku Sudan, Eritrea ndi Ethiopia komanso kumwera kupita ku South Africa. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, ngakhale nthawi zina amasamuka. Mbawala ya mwezi wa ku Africa imakhala m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango zamatchi, komanso zitsamba. Monga lamulo, imakhazikika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo otsetsereka, pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena mitsinje, imakwera mpaka 3000 m pamwamba pamadzi. Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umatha kuwonekera pamtunda wolima, m'minda ya bulugamu, komanso m'minda ya kokonati. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mabala amtundu wa eucalyptus omwe amakula m'mizinda.

Mawonekedwe

Kutalika kwa thupi african mwezi hawk imafika 50-65 masentimita, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 500 mpaka 900 g. Mutu ndi chifuwa cha mbalameyi ndizotuwa, m'mimba mwake ndiowoneka ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, mapiko ake ndi otuwa, akuda kumapeto. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi chingwe choyera chodutsa. Nkhopeyo imakhala yamaliseche, nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu kapena yowoneka bwino. Amuna ndi akazi ali ofanana, koma mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni.

Kusaka ndi zakudya

Kuuluka kwa kambewu ka mwezi wa ku Africa ndikosatsimikiza, kumawuluka ndikuuluka mosasunthika, motero sikukonzekera kusaka osati kuthawa, koma korona wa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Mutu wake wocheperako komanso wamtali, wam'manja kwambiri umamuthandiza kuti azitha kusaka ngodya zobisika kwambiri m'maenje a mitengo komanso pansi pa khungwa lomwe latsalira kumbuyo kwa thunthu. Mbalame iyi ya nyama imadyanso abuluzi, achule a mitengo, nyama zazing'ono (kuphatikiza mileme), mbalame, mazira ndi anapiye, tizilombo tambiri ndi akangaude, nthawi zina imadya nsomba zazing'ono komanso zovunda. Kachipangizo kameneka kamathandiza kuti nyamayi izitha kutulutsa mazira ndi anapiye ngakhale kumisamba yothina ya oluka ku Africa. Ku West Africa, chakudya chotchuka kwambiri cha kandwe wa mwezi ndi chipatso chamafuta.

Kutengera chinthucho, nyama yolusa imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana posaka. Amatha kuwuluka pang'onopang'ono, kumazungulira ndi mapiko ambiri otambalala, kusaka kuchokera ku chisa kapena kuyendayenda m'malo omwe mungakhaleko nyama. Mbawala ya mwezi imasanthula mosamala mitengo, miyala ndi miyala yamchenga, imagwirana ndi magulu a mbalame zam'madzi. Amatha kukwera mitengo yamtengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiko kumuthandiza. Ngakhale kuti kambewu kake kali ndi kulemera kwenikweni, kambewu ka mwezi wa ku Africa kamadabwitsa kwambiri ndipo kamatha kugwiritsitsa chisa cha owalirayo, mpaka mutu wake umakhala pansi.

Kuswana

Kubala nyengo african mwezi hawk zimatengera malo. Amakonzera chisa chaching'ono korona wa mtengo kutalika kwa 10-20 m pamwamba pa nthaka kapena pansi pa cholembera pamiyala ndipo chimakhomeka ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amavala, kuyambira nthawi yakulowerera (masiku 30 mpaka 35) mpaka anapiye atachoka (pafupifupi masiku 45-55). Mu clutch mumakhala kirimu 1-3 (kawirikawiri 2), mazira owoneka bwino. Makolo onsewa amalowetsa mazira (nthawi imeneyi amakhala mobisalira komanso mosamala), koma wamkazi amakhala nthawi yayitali chisa. Mwana wankhuku nthawi zambiri amapha zazing'onono, motero mbalame ziwiri za ku Africa nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa anapiye amodzi okha. Mbalame zosaoneka zamtundu wautali zofiirira, sera zake zachikasu. M'chaka cha 2 ndi 3, mbalame zazing'ono zimasinthidwa ndi ma bulow bulauni ndi mikwaso yoyera-yakuda pamimba ndi m'chiuno ndi chikuto cha nthenga cha imvi.

(Polyboroides typus)

Kufalikira konsekonse kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa: kuchokera ku Senegal kum'mawa mpaka ku Sudan, Eritrea ndi Ethiopia, komanso kumwera kupita ku South Africa. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, ngakhale nthawi zina amasamuka. Mumakhala nkhalango, mitengo yamatanda, mitengo yamtchire, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi minda. Monga lamulo, limakhazikika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo otsetsereka, pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena mitsinje. Imakhala pamtunda wa 3000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-65 masentimita, mapiko kutalika kwa 37-48 masentimita, kulemera kwa 500- 900 g. Mutu ndi chifuwa ndi zotuwa, mimba imakhala yopepuka ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, mapiko akulu ndi otuwa, akuda kumapeto. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi chingwe choyera chodutsa. Nkhopeyo imakhala yamaliseche, nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu kapena yowoneka bwino. Amuna ndi akazi ali ofanana, koma mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni.

Kuuluka kwa kambewu ka mwezi wa ku Africa ndikosatsimikiza, kumawuluka ndikuuluka mosasunthika, motero sikukonzekera kusaka osati mouluka, koma nduwira za mitengo ndi zitsamba. Mutu wake wocheperako komanso wamtali, wam'manja kwambiri umamuthandiza kuti azitha kusaka ngodya zobisika kwambiri m'maenje a mitengo komanso pansi pa khungwa lomwe latsalira kumbuyo kwa thunthu. Imadyera abuluzi, achule a mitengo, nyama zazing'ono (kuphatikiza mileme), mbalame, mazira ndi anapiye, tizilombo tambiri ndi akangaude. Nthawi zina amatha kudya tinsomba tating'ono komanso zovunda. Kachipangizo kameneka kamathandiza kuti nyamayi izitha kutulutsa mazira ndi anapiye ngakhale kumisamba yothina ya oluka ku Africa. Ku West Africa, chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri cha puny hawk ndi chipatso chamafuta.

Nyengo yoswana zimadalira malo okhala. Chisa chaching'ono pamtengo wa korona kapena pansi pa cholembera pamiyala ndipo chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, chomwe chimalira, kuyambira nthawi yakulowerera (masiku 30 mpaka 35) mpaka kutuluka kwa anapiye (pafupi masiku 60). Mu Clutch 1-3 (kawirikawiri 2) kirimu, mazira owala. Makolo onse awiri amakundana (munthawi imeneyi amakhala obisika komanso osamala).

Kufotokozera

Zamoyo zomwe zimakonda kudya chiwombankhanga ndi mawonekedwe a chiwombankhanga, buzzard, kite, hawk, khosi, ndizosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe amikhalidwe ya morphological ndi mawonekedwe a moyo. Zingwe zosiyanasiyana.

Minofu yamawu imakhazikitsidwa bwino, zimbudzi zimatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi nthawi yayitali, momveka bwino pamtunda wautali.

Mlomowo umamezedwa pambuyo pake, mlomo wa mulomo wapamwamba pafupi ndi pamwamba pa mapikowo umawongoka pansi, mulomo wam'munsi wowongoka.

Maso ndi akulu (pafupifupi 1% ya kulemera kwa thupi), owongoleredwa kutsogolo, omwe amapereka gawo lalikulu lakuwona. Kuwona kwakachulukidwe kumapitilira umunthu pafupifupi nthawi zisanu ndi zitatu.

Nthenga ndizolimba, nthenga zopindika zokhala ndi gawo lopangidwa bwino pansi ndi shaft yam'mbali.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamitundu ndiyabwino. Chosiyanacho ndi chiwombankhanga chaku Africa, kapena chimbalanga.Gypohierax angolensis) limadya makamaka zipatso zamitundu ingapo ya kanjedza. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yapadera. Zilowerere ndi kafadala, kachilombo kakang'ono ndi nkhanu zosuta, ichthyophages - chiwombankhanga, ma engophages - ma buzzards ambiri, "kuwala" mwezi, chiwombankhanga cha steppe, malo oika maliro, hertipophages - odya njoka ndi agwape a njati, ornithophages - zigamba zazikulu, ndi marsh. Koma ambiri ndi ma polyphages okhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Njira zodyetsera ndizosiyanasiyana.

Zotsalira zopanda chakudya - mafupa, ubweya, nthenga, chitin - zimawoneka ngati nthano.

Gulu

Ziphuphu zonse zimagawika m'mabanja angapo apabanja, makamaka malinga ndi chikhalidwe. Komabe, ena mwa taxa m'maguluwa adapatuka kwambiri kuchokera ku zochuluka, komabe akutenga gawo lawo, popeza ali pafupi kwambiri ndi magulu awa. Phylogeneis ndi taxonomy wa hawks ndi mutu wamatsutsano wa sayansi.

Malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural, banjali limaphatikizapo 70 genera, omwe ali m'mabanja 14 otsatirawa:

Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Hawk ya mu Africa

Mbawala ya mwezi wa ku Africa imakhala ndi masentimita 65 ndipo mapiko ali ndi masentimita 118 mpaka 152. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi magalamu 635 - 950.

Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulupo, yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna ndi ofanana, koma wamkazi ndi wamkulu 3% kukula kwakepi ndi 26% wolemera.

Mfiti wamwezi waku Africa

Mbawala zazikazi zazikulu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi imvi. Pachikuto cha nthenga, mawanga akuda akakhala kuti alibe mawonekedwe, amawonekera kwambiri mwa akazi. Pali nthenga zokhala ndi malekezero akuda ndi nsonga zoyera zopyapyala. Mchira wake ndi imvi. Pamaso, khungu lopanda chikaso. Mbalame ikasangalala, imasanduka yofiyira. M'makola akuluakulu aku Africa, iris ndi yakuda. Mathumba achikasu.

Zonenepa mu mbalame zazing'ono pamtunda zimakhala zofiirira zakuda komanso zowala bwino.

Khungu la nkhope limakhala ndimtambo wakuda. Mtundu womwe uli pansipa umasiyanasiyana, umatha kukhala wakuda kuyambira pansi, ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala, mawanga oyera pachifuwa komanso mikwingwirima yofiyira pamimba. Pansi, utoto umasintha, imakhala yofiyira ndi mapangidwe amtundu wakuda wamiyendo pachifuwa ndi mauna wakuda kapena mikwingwirima yofiyira pamimba. Kusiyana kwa anthu pawokha ndikofunikira.

Mbalame zazing'ono, mosiyana ndi achikulire, zimakhala ndi nthenga zachikasu. Kusintha kwa mtundu wamafuta, monga mbalame zachikulire za maso okongola, chifukwa cha kusungunuka. M'chaka cha 2 ndi 3, mbalame zazing'ono zimasinthidwa ndi ma zofiirira zofiirira - mikwingwirima yakuda pamimba ndi m'chiuno ndi chikuto cha nthenga cha imvi.

Mbawala zazikazi zazikulu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi imvi

African Moon Hawk Habitats

Mbawala za kumwezi zachi Africa zimakhala malo osiyanasiyana. Zimapezeka m'nkhalango pamphepete komanso poyatsira. Amakhalanso m'malo a matope a savannah, m'malo mapiri okhala ndi mitsinje, malo otsetsereka, m'nkhalango zamalo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umawonedwa m'malo abwino, minda ya bulugamu ndi minda ya coconut. Amakhala m'mabala amtundu wa eucalyptus omwe amakula mkati mwa mzinda. Amakhalanso m'mayenje a zitsamba zaminga pafupi ndi mtsinje. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muziwoneka m'mipata yamchere pafupi ndi chipululu. Mbawala za mwezi wa Africa zimatuluka m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupita kumapiri mpaka kumtunda wa 3000 metres.

Kufalikira kwa Mwezi wa Hawk

Akazi amwezi aku Africa amachokera ku Africa ndikufalikira kumwera kwa Sahara. Malo awo amakhala malo onse kuyambira kumwera kwa Mauritania mpaka Cape of Good Hope, kupatula madera achipululu a Namibia ndi Botswana. Zimapezeka kum'mawa kwa Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, kumadzulo kwa Zaire mpaka kumwera kwa Angola.

Pamalo akulu akulu ma kilomita 14 miliyoni, ma subspecies awiri amadziwika:

• P. t. typus imagawidwa ku Sudan ndi Ethiopia - ku East Africa, ku Zaire kupita ku South Africa.
• P. t. pectoralis imapezeka ku West Africa.

Zomwe zimachitika pakatikati pa mwezi wa ku Africa

Akazi amwezi ku Africa amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri.

Maulendo onse apaulendo awamuna ali ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri. Amayendetsa ndege mozungulira akuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi mapiko ambiri, kenako nkukatsika pang'ono. Ngati chachikazi chikuwoneka pafupi, champhongo chimatsikira kwa iye. Pakhungu lamaliseche la nkhope, yamphongo imatembenuka mofiira, kenako amasintha chikaso. Mofananamo, khungu limasinthasintha mbalame zonse zikapezeka pafupi ndi chisa.

African mwezi Hawk kudya

Zakudya zamtundu wa mwezi wa Africa zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera lomwe zimakhala. Ku West Africa, amadya abuluzi ochepa, zoweta zazing'ono (makoswe), mbalame zazing'ono ndi tizilombo. Ku East Africa ndi kumwera kwa Africa, mbalame, mazira awo, ndi omwe amadyera ndi nyama zodya zinayi. Kuphatikiza apo, amadya nyama monga agulu, mileme, mapira, abuluzi, nyama zam'madzi, nsomba, akugwira nyama iliyonse yomwe adakumana nayo.

Ku West Africa, malo osaka nyama za ku Africa zanyengo amatha kufikira mahekitala 140 kapena 150. Nyamayi yokhala ndi mbewayi imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana posaka malinga ndi mtundu wa nyama. Amatha kuwuluka pang'onopang'ono, kumazungulira ndi mapiko ambiri otambalala, kusaka kuchokera ku chisa kapena kuyendayenda m'malo omwe mungakhaleko nyama. Amasanthula mitengo, miyala ndi miyala yamakomo, amagwirira nkhwawa zam'madzi. Ndipo pansi pake, akambewu aku Africa mwezi amayang'anitsitsa mosamala ngodya zonse zazing'ono za nkhalangoyi. Amathanso kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, pogwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo kuti awachirikize.

Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu uli ndi masinthidwe ofunikira kuti usaka ugwire:

• mutu wocheperako womwe umatha kulowa m'mphepete,
• ma paw, osinthika modabwitsa, amakulolani kugwira mbalame kapena zazing'ono zazing'ono ndikutulutsa kwawo.

Ngakhale kuti ndi wolemera kwambiri, kambuku wa mwezi ku Africa amawonetsa kukongola modabwitsa, ndipo amatha kugwiritsitsa chisa chake chokhala ngati mutu.

Mbawala yanyanga ku Africa - zilombo zonyansa kwambiri

Mkhalidwe Wosungidwa wa Hawks wa Mwezi wa Africa

Chiwerengero chonse cha zigamba za mwezi ku Africa zichokera pa 100,000 mpaka 1 miliyoni, zomwe zimafalikira pamakilomita oposa 10 miliyoni. Kuchulukana kumasiyana ndikusintha, kutengera dera. Ku West Africa, mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umafalitsidwa kwambiri, koma ku East Africa ndi kumpanda kwamitengo yambiri pakati pa kondinendi, ndizotheka kuti ndi mtundu wachilendo kwambiri.

Mbawala ya mwezi wa Africa sikhala ndi zoopsa, ilibe adani enieni mwachilengedwe ndipo imatha kusintha mosavuta malo okhala. Pachifukwachi, kambewu wama mwezi ku Africa amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu womwe umakhala wopanda nkhawa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

(Polyboroides radiatus)

Matenda a Madagascar. Imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: kuyambira kumapiri amvula otentha komanso malo otentha kupita kumadera achipululu yokutidwa ndi zitsamba zaminga.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 57-68, mapiko a masamba 11 mpaka 1322. Kunja kofanana kwambiri ndi kambuku wa mwezi wa ku Africa, koma kopendekera pang'ono.

Chakudyachi ndichopezeka kwambiri: kuyambira tizilombo (nyerere, chiswe, maphemwe) kupita ku zisa (mbalame zazing'ono, mazira awo ndi anapiye, repitili, achule, zinyama zazing'ono). Imadyera mandimu, makamaka pa ana awo, koma mafupa a anthu akuluakulu amapezekanso mu chisa cha hawk. Amasaka chakudya m'makona amitengo, kuyenda mosatalikirana pamitengo ndi nthambi, nthawi zina amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndikugwira nyama kuchokera pamtengo kapena kumtunda, komanso amatha kuyendayenda padziko lapansi kukafunafuna chakudya.

Chisa chimapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zouma ndi foloko mumtengo wamtali. Mu clutch pali mazira 1-2 okhala ndi mawanga bulauni. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi masiku 39, anapiye amachoka chisa kwa masiku 50.