Mwa zolengedwa zachilendo kwambiri komanso zachilendo padziko lapansi pali nyama, yomwe imatchedwa zambiri wopanga, kapena dzina lapakatikati nyenyezi-kumalizira.
Mphuno yomwe ili ngati nyenyezi yowoneka mmbali, yokhazikika kuti ikumbe pansi panthaka ndipo imagwira bwino ntchito ngati kukhudza, ndi chizindikiro cha New World wokhala mu gulu la mole.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Mtundu wa nyama ndi wofanana ndi wachibale: wamphamvu, wozungulira, wokhala ndi mutu wambiri m'khosi. Maso ang'ono, sawoneka bwino. Masomphenya ndi ofooka. Palibe mauricles.
Zala zakumaso zili zazitali, zooneka ngati utali, zokhala ndi zibwano zazikulu. Miyendo imatembenukira kunja kuti ikhale yabwino komanso yopanga nthaka. Mahatchi oyimilira opindika asanu ali ofanana ndi kutsogolo, koma osasinthika kukumba ngati kutsogolo.
Miyeso opanga nyenyezi yaying'ono, masentimita 10 mpaka 13. Mchirawo umawonjezeranso wina masentimita 8.wotalikirapo kuposa ena a timadontho, atakutidwa ndi ubweya wolimba ndipo amasunga mafuta nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chake, kuzizira, kukula kwake kumawonjezera katatu. Kulemera konse kwa nyamazo ndi 50-80 g.
Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chofiirira, pafupifupi chakuda. Wonenepa komanso wowonda, olimba komanso osanyowa nyengo iliyonse. Izi zimasiyanitsa nyenyezi ya nyenyezi ndi mitundu ina.
Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zomwe zikuwoneka zikugonekedwa munyengo yosadziwika bwino yomwe ili nyenyezi. Kuzungulira mphuno kuli malo 11 okula khungu mbali iliyonse. Ting'onoting'ono tonse timayenda mwachangu modabwitsa, kukhudza ndikuyang'ana kusintha kwa zinthu zazing'ono pang'ono panjira.
Mphuno yodabwitsayi imagwira ntchito ngati ma electroreceptor, omwe amatenga zikhumbo kuchokera kumayendedwe akugwira nyama mwachangu kwambiri. Pa mahema a mphuno, mpaka kukula kwa 4 mm, pali malekezero amitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imathandizira kuzindikira nyama.
Mu sekondi yogawika, nyamayo ndi yomwe imayambitsa kudya. Mphuno yapadera ya nyamayo imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Cholembera nyenyezi sichingasokonezedwe ndi aliyense. Madera akum'mawa kwa North America, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada - malo ake.
Stargazer ndimasambira abwino
Kummwera kwa kontinentiyo, kuli nthumwi za nyenyezi, zocheperako kakang'ono kwambiri. Timadontho timene timakonda malo otentha omwe amakhala ndi ma marshlands, bogs, peat Islands, malo okuta mitengo komanso nkhalango. Ngati kuchotsedwa m'malo owuma, ndiye osapitirira 300-400 m kuchokera kuchoseramo. Imapezeka m'malo okwezeka mpaka 1500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Zosiyana ndi abale achibwibwi, opanga nyenyezi pangani ma labyrinths oyenda mobisa. Amafufuza monga momwe matope a dothi lathyathyathya amapereka malo omwe amakhala.
Makina ena amomwe amapangitsa kuti pakhale posungira, ena amalumikizidwa kuzipinda zogona zopumira. Zomera zouma, masamba ndi nthambi zimasonkhana pamenepo. Malekezero apamwamba, oyandikira padziko lapansi, ali alenje, osaka kwambiri ndi malo otetezedwa kwa adani ndi kulera ana.
Kutalika konse kwa ngalandezo kumafika 250-300 m. Kuthamanga kwa nyama pang'onopang'ono kuposa kuthamanga kwa chingwe chomwe chikuyenda. Yogwira nyenyezi moles ochezeka kwambiri ndi madzi am'madzi. Osambira okongola komanso osiyanasiyana, ngakhale amasaka pansi pa dziwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa madzi oundana oundana m'madzi. Sagwera m'matumba, chifukwa chake amasaka usana ndi usiku kwa anthu okhala pansi pa madzi ndikupeza tizilombo toyambitsa nthawi yozizira pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Padziko lapansi, nyenyezi zam'mlengalenga zimagwira ntchito kuposa ma moles. Alinso ndi njira ndi mayendedwe awo munkhokwe zazikulu ndi masamba okugwa pomwe zolengedwa zazing'ono zimayenda. Kususuka kwa nyama kumawapangitsa kuti akumbe nyama zatsopano ngati palibe chakudya m'mitsinje yapitayi.
Molekyuyo amapanga maulendo akusaka maulendo 4-6 patsiku, pomwe amapuma ndikugaya nyama yake. Mbali yamoyo imadziwika. phulusa popanga magulu aang'ono.
Pafupifupi anthu 25 mpaka 40 agwera pa mahekitala 1 amalo. Magulu amakhala osakhazikika, nthawi zambiri amasemphana. Kulankhulana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe sanakwatitsane ndi kofunika kwambiri.
Oseka nyenyezi nthawi zonse amafunafuna chakudya, koma iwonso ndi zinthu zodziwika kusaka mbalame, agalu, ma skunks, nkhandwe, martens ndi abale awo. Malamba akuluakulu ndi ng'ombe zamphongo zazitali zimatha kumeza nsomba m'madzi pansi pa madzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chikaperewera, nyama zomwe zimadyera zimakumba nyama kuchokera pansi panthaka. Kwa zabodza ndi kadzidzi, izi ndizofunikiranso.
Pa chithunzichi, mbalame ina yaing'ono
Starfish Mphamvu
Nyama zimatha kupeza nyama kulikonse: padziko lapansi, mozama panthaka, m'madzi. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi ma nyongolotsi, ma bumbu, mphutsi, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nsomba tating'ono komanso ma fulu a crustacean. Ngakhale achule ang'onoang'ono ndi mbewa zimapeza chakudya.
Kuzindikira kwamphamvu kwa ziwalo zogwira kumathandiza nyenyezi-ya nyenyezi kuti ipeze wogwidwayo atasungidwa ndi nkhope yake ndikuigwira ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo. Kugwira mwachangu kusiyanitsa nyamayo ndi imodzi mwazinyama zodyedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
M'chilimwe, panthawi yazakudya zambiri, chakudya cham'madzi chimakhala chambiri kotero kuti amadya chakudya monga momwe amalemera. Koma nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala mpaka 35 g ya chakudya.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
M'madera omwe mumakhala ma moles ooneka ngati nyenyezi, kumakhala kofanana mokhazikika. Zimawonekera pokhapokha kuti anthu omwe ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amapanga banja sangasemphane pamalo osaka.
Izi zimasiyanitsa ubale pakati pa achimuna ndi achikazi ndi zolengedwa zina zofananira panthawiyi. Malo ochezera amawoneka m'magulu osakhazikika pamtunda wofanana. Koma munthu aliyense ali ndi zipinda zake zopumulira mobisa.
Ukwati umabwera kamodzi pachaka. Ngati malo akakhala kumpoto, ndiye kuyambira Meyi mpaka June, ngati chakumwera - kuyambira Marichi mpaka Epulo. Mimba imatenga masiku 45. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana aang'ono atatu kapena atatu m'litali limodzi, koma mumakhala zinyalala zazitali 7.
Ana amabadwa ali amaliseche, nyenyezi zazing'ono pamphuno zawo. Koma kukula mwachangu kumabweretsa ufulu pakatha mwezi umodzi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa pakupanga masamba, chakudya cha munthu wamkulu. Pofika miyezi 10, ana amakula, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira iwonso amakhala okonzeka kubereka.
Kutalika kwa nyama, ngati sichikhala nyama yolusa, zafika zaka zinayi. Ali mu ukapolo, nthawiyo imakhala zaka 7. Zoyambirira zanyama zanyama zimachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pazomwezi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zokhala ndi nyenyezi kumachepa. Koma chiwopsezo cha kuteteza zachilengedwe sichinawonekebe, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kumasunga izi zapadera za stellar sniffers.
Mawonekedwe
Zamoyo zonyamula nyenyezi zimafanana ndi mitundu ina ya New World ndikuzolowera moyo wapansi. Thupi ndi cylindrical, mutu umalunjikidwa pakhosi lalifupi, losaoneka. Zipatso zakutsogolo-zopindika zisanu zimasinthidwa kukumba lapansi, kutembenukira kunja ndi manja awo ndikuwoneka ngati fosholo. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhalanso ndi mikono isanu, koma yapadera kuposa kuwonetseratu. Ubweya ndiwovuta kuposa mtundu wina wa mamole, samakhala wonyowa ndipo amapaka utoto wakuda kapena wakuda. Kukula kwa nyama izi kumayambira 10 mpaka 13. Mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo kuposa momwe timadontho ena ambiri, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 61. Imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba ndipo nthawi yozizira imachita ntchito yosungirako mafuta, pomwe mainchesi ake amakula kwambiri. Akuluakulu amalemera kuchokera 40 mpaka 85 g.
Chigoba cha timadontho tonse tosalala ndi kotakata, maso ndi ochepa koma otchuka. Auricles kulibe. Kuzungulira mphuno ziwiri za ma Stargazers pali zikopa khumi ndi chimodzi zomwe zimagwira ngati ziwalo zogwirizira, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndikuwunika kuti zigwirizane pakadutsa gawo lachigawo. Kuyenda kwawo kumathamanga kwambiri kwakuti diso laumunthu silitha kuwatsatira. Kafukufuku waposachedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kopitilira patsogolo akuwonetsa kuti nyenyezi ija imatha kugwira ndikuwona zinthu zing'onozing'ono khumi ndi zitatu pamphindi, chifukwa ikuchita izi mwachangu kwambiri kuposa abale ake osakula. Ndizotheka kuti zophukazo zimagwira ntchito zamagetsi, kukulolani kuti mugwire zolakwika zamagetsi zomwe zimatuluka chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa minofu yodyera. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizochepa komanso zochepa poyerekeza ndi timadontho tina, zimaluma kwambiri mwachangu. Pali mano a 44 mwa nyama zokhala ndi nyenyezi, ndiye kuti, nambala yoyambirira ya mano a chinyama chachilengedwe.
Kufalitsa
Ma Starbursts amakhala kum'mawa kwa North America. Madera awo amachokera ku Manitoba ndi Labrador ku Canada (chifukwa chomwe ali kumpoto kwa Dziko Latsopano) kupita ku North Dakota ndi Ohio komanso ku Georgia pagombe la nyanja. Zoyimira zamtunduwu kumwera ndizochepa kwambiri kukula ndikuwoneka ngati subspecies Condylura cristata parva, pomwe mayina osankhidwa kumpoto ali C. c. christata. Nyenyezi zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, komabe, kutengera kukhalapo kwa dothi lonyowa. Zimapezeka makamaka m'malo a marshy, madambo onyowa komanso m'nkhalango.
Khalidwe
Monga timadontho ting'onoting'ono, onyamula nyenyezi amapanga njira zapansi panthaka. Amakumba pansi makamaka ndi ma forelimbs ndikukankhira zinthu zakuthambo pansi monga mawonekedwe amitundumitundu. Imodzi mwa zipindazo, yokhala ndi zomera, ndi malo opumira. Ndime zina zimatsogolera kumadzi, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi nyenyezi zina zambiri, zimakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Zimasambira ndikuvina kwambiri, kusaka pansi pamadziwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kuposa ma moles ena omwe amapezeka padziko lapansi, pomwe amafunanso chakudya. Nthawi zina amapanga mayendedwe oponderezedwa m'nthaka yowaza.
Starbursts amagwira masana ndi usiku. Sagwera m'matumba ndipo amapita kukasaka zakudya nthawi yozizira, kukumba mu chisanu kapena mbiya pansi pa madzi oundana.
Nyama izi ndizosangalatsa kuposa zadontho zina. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, osakhazikika. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi wamwamuna ndi wamkazi kunja kwa nyengo yakukhwima pamodzi, zomwe zimawonetsa pang'ono moyo.
Woyang'anira nyenyezi ndiye mole. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, njira yokhala ndi nyenyezi
Nthawi ina ndili mwana, tidawerenga nkhani ya Andersen "Thumbelina." Mwamuna wolephera wa heroine wa nthano anali wopambana - wamkulu, wamafuta, wakhungu wokhala ndi chovala cha ubweya wachuma, wodekha, wolimba komanso wodwala.
Komabe, zachilengedwe, nyama zodabwitsa izi ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizodekha. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, sizobisalira ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe nyama zina zimasaka. Satha kuchita popanda chakudya kwa maola opitilira 15-17. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyeserera kambiri kumapita kukumba lapansi.
Koma chovala cha ubweya - ndiko kulondola. Timadontho timene timakhala ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Zikopa zazing'ono zazing'ono, koma zolimba komanso zoyenera kusoka chovala cha ubweya wamkazi. Zovala zowongoka zimawotha pang'ono, koma zimavala bwino komanso zowoneka bwino. Zinali zodula kwambiri. Ku USSR kunali nsomba zonse za zikopa zotere.
Tsopano yataya kufunika kwachuma ndipo ikupitilira kukhala yaying'ono kwanuko. Pazinthu zosawoneka bwino. Zolengedwa izi ndi khungu kwenikweni, ndipo nthawi zina zimachita khungu. Ndiwopezekanso, zolepheretsa komanso zojambula zabwino kwambiri.
Mawu oti "mole" atha kutanthauziridwa kuti "digger". Ili ndi mizu yakale yachisilavo, ndipo m'zilankhulo zambiri amatchulidwa chimodzimodzi. Mu German, matembenuzidwewo amatchulidwa mosamala kuti: "mole" m'mawu awo ndi "kukumba mbewa". Pakati pa dziko losangalatsa komanso losangalatsa la anthu okhala mobisa pali mawonekedwe ena apadera nsomba yakuwala.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Kutalika kochepa, 13-18 cm zokha, ndipo chovala chake sichabwino kwambiri. Maso ake ndi oyipa ngati a timadontho tina. Stargazer kapena zvezdoryl - mtundu wa nyama zoyamwitsa kuchokera ku banja la timadontho. Amasiyana ndi anthu ena pakakulitsa pakhungu pakapukutira konse 22 zidutswa.
Popanga thupi, amawoneka ngati abale ake ochokera ku Europe. Thupi momwe adapangidwira adapangidwa kuti akumbe kukumba pansi panthaka ndikukhala m'maenje. Chilombo chaching'ono, thupi limafanana ndi cholembera kapena mozungulira, mutu umakhala ndi mphuno yolunjika, pakhosi losawoneka.
Kutsogolo ndi zala zisanu, ndipo ndi chida chokumba pansi. Maonekedwe awo amafanana fosholo, makamaka ngati mutembenuzira "manja" anu. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhalanso ndi zala zisanu, koma sinapangidwe pang'ono kuposa kutsogolo.
Ubweya wake ndi wopanda madzi, wolimba kuposa abale ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri mtundu wake umakhala wa bulauni. Zowona, anthu amapezekanso akuda, koma nthawi zambiri. Mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo kuposa wa "moles European", pafupifupi masentimita 6-8. Onse mu tsitsi lolimba. M'nyengo yozizira, thupi limagwira ntchito ngati "pantry". Amakhala ozizira, osunga mafuta osungirako.
Nyamayo imalemera kuchokera pa 45 mpaka 85 g, poganizira nthawi ya chaka, kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso kugonana. Mutu, monga anthu onse amtundu womwe amafotokozedwayo, ndiwotalika, maso ndi ochepa kwambiri, koma akuwoneka ngati makala. Nthawi zambiri mumdima, ma moles sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe makutu akuwoneka, koma izi sizikhudza khutu, iye akumva bwino lomwe.
Starfish mu chithunzi ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Amawoneka bwino komanso wowopsa. Kukula kwa pakhungu kumakhala kumbali zonse za mphuno kumapeto kwenikweni, 11 mbali iliyonse. Amakhala ndi nyenyezi, chifukwa chake dzinali. Koma tikumbukirenso za mahema a chirombo chachilendo.
Chifukwa cha izi, ali ndi malingaliro apadera okhudza. Ndi iwo, "amayesa" chakudya ndikuwunika kuti asinthe. Njira yonse yofufuza ndikusanthula chakudya imatenga nthawi yocheperako ndikunyamula mole kuposa nyama zina, chifukwa cha izi.
Ndipo iye amawasuntha iwo pakadali pano mwachangu, pafupifupi mosadzionetsera. Chifukwa cha kujambula ndizotheka kulingalira za kusunthaku. Mole angayang'ane zinthu zazing'ono 30 pamphindi imodzi ndi "masharubu" ake. Mano ake ndiocheperako kuposa mitundu ina, komanso owonda. Amatha kuluma mwachangu komanso zopweteka. Chiwerengero cha mano 44.
Banja la mole lili ponseponse pamayiko awiri - North America ndi Eurasia. Pazonse, ili ndi pafupifupi 17 genera, omwe akuphatikiza mitundu 40 ya timadontho. Nyama zonse, safetivores, carnivores.
Amakhala ndi mikhalidwe ya mobisa, amakhala ndi kununkhira bwino, kukhudza ndi kumva, koma samawona bwino kapena sawona konse. Pali mayina amtundu wa nyama zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyenda komwe amakhala.
Mwachitsanzo, Chinese yayikulu, Himalayan, Japan, Vietnamese, West ndi East American, West Chinese, Siberian, Caucasian, European, Asia Minor, Iberian, California, Pacific, Iranian, Yunnan moles. Izi, zikuwoneka, si mitundu yonse yomwe imadziwika ndi malo okhala.
Mayina amitundu ina amalankhula za mawonekedwe awo akunja. Mole wokulira, wokhala ndi nkhope zazifupi, wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera, -wotupa, wamtali, wamaso, wakhungu, ndi zitsanzo za mayina ndi zizindikiro zakunja. Palinso mayina "odziwika" - mole wa Stankovic, mole wa Kobe, mole wa Townsend.
Anthu onsewa ndi ochepa kukula, kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 13 cm. Mwachitsanzo, mole yaku Europe - 13 cm, molekyulu wosunthira waku America - 7.9 cm, mole wakhungu - 12 cm.
Pali zosiyana zina pamitundu yomwe mwatchulidwazi zomwe mungathe kutsatira. Mwachitsanzo, maso a mole wakhungu amabisika pansi pa khungu, mole la Caucasus lilibe mawonekedwe amaso, amatha kutsimikiza ndi X-ray.
Mole waku China sakhala wocheperako komanso wowonda kwambiri, ali ndi miyendo yayitali, kutsogolo kwake komwe sikumapangidwa kuti kukumba ndi kusambira. Sanapangidwe, monga timadontho tina, ndipo samawoneka ngati fosholo. Ma mo-ma moles otuluka amakhala opanda tsitsi, thupi lawo lonse limakutidwa ndi ma vibrissae - tsitsi lalitali.
Mkulu kwambiri ndi Siberian, amakula mpaka 19 cm ndipo akulemera pafupifupi 200. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwakutali kwa ana, pafupifupi miyezi 9. Wokumba waku Japan wakula bwino mitengo ndipo amatha kuwononga chisa pamtunda wa 2-4 m
Ndipo mzere wosiyana ndi ma marsupial a ku Australia. Amakhala ndi moyo wofananira komanso mawonekedwe ndi timadontho-timadontho, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zimatchedwa zofanana, zokhazokha za genus marsupials.
Moyo & Habitat
Starbringer amakhala ku North America. Imafotokoza gawo lalikulu kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Georgia. Kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti adapezeka ku Canada kwambiri, dzina lina la cholengedwa ichi ndi nsomba za ku Canada.
Nyama izi ndizomwe zimatha kukhala m'makoloni. Mitundu yotsalayo siyamoyo kwambiri. Dothi lambiri louma, malo obiriwira amasankhidwa kuti azikhazikika, amafunikira chinyezi.
Amakumba pansi, ndikupanga machitidwe oyenda pansi panthaka. Amakumba dothi ndi kutsogolo kwawo, ndikutembenuza matupi awo mozungulira, ngati kubowola. Kenako zimakankhira pansi, ndikupanga timiyala tating'ono. Mwa "mapiramidi" awa ndi kuzindikira komwe timadontho ta timadontho.
Amakonzekeretsa mink yawo ndi chitonthozo, amodzi mwa "zipinda" zambiri amakhala nawo ngati chipinda chogona kapena malo opumulirako. Amanjenjemera ndi masamba owuma, udzu, zitsamba zazing'ono ndi mizu. Chipinda choterocho chili kutali ndi chibowo choyambirira, kumapeto kwa malo ovuta kwambiri, ofanana ndi maze.
Ili pamalo akuya kwa mita ndi theka kuchokera padziko lapansi. Kusintha komwe kumalumikizana nako kumakhala kolimba, kosapindika komanso kosinthika. Mlengalenga simalowa mwachindunji, koma ndikusowa zitsime zokumbidwa pansi mu nthaka yonse. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi ndima yomwe imatsogolera kumadzi. Nyenyezi ya Stargazer Amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Amasambira chisangalalo, kumadzimbira ndikusaka m'madzi.
Ndipo padziko lapansi imapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu ingapo. Nyama zankhanzazi zimasaka pansi, mobisalira komanso m'madzi. Zochita zawo sizigawikana ndi nthawi yamasana, alinso amphamvu usana ndi usiku. Osamadzinamiza nthawi yozizira, kupita kokagona mwachisanu mu chisanu, kapena kusambira pansi pa madzi oundana. Asaka osasaka komanso osunthika.
Amakhala m'magulu, kapena, mabanja akulu. Ma Starbursts ndi nyama zachikhalidwe, ndipo zimalumikizana kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi amasiyana mitundu ina yomwe imakonda kukhala yokha. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amuna amakhala ndi akazi komanso kunja kwa nthawi yobereketsa, zomwe zimawonetsa kukhulupirika kwawo komanso kukhala ndi banja limodzi. Ndipo kumva kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi chikondi cha kholo.
Chilombo chotetezedwa ndi chilombo mwachilengedwe, choncho nthawi zina chimakhala chankhanza, chamagazi komanso kubwezera. Kumenyera malo okhala, timadonthana mokwiya ndi wina ndi mnzake. Panali ngakhale milandu yokhudza kupha nyama mu cholengedwa "chokongola" ichi. Nyamazo zimapanga mawu osasangalatsa, zimakuwa ndikulira.
Phindu ndi kuvulaza munthu
Wamaluwa akuopa kuti timadontho-timadontho timabzikula kapena kudulira mizu. Komabe, kuwononga tizilombo ndi mphutsi, timadontho-timadontho timathandiza kwambiri munthu. Amamasula dothi bwino, dothi lomwe limatengedwa kuchokera ku ma molekyulu ndi lotayirira, silifunikira kufufuzidwa, lili ndi dongosolo labwino. Amawononganso zingwe za waya ndi chimbalangondo - adani osatha m'mundamo, mbozi, zomwe zimangodya mbewu. Phindu lochokera kwa iye ndilabwino.
Koma ngati timadontho-timadontho tikhala pamalowo - izi sizabwino. Izi ndi zowopsa. Amang'amba maluwa, mabedi, mayendedwe. Zonse kukumba, wonongerani mbewuzo. Ndipo zimathetsanso nyongolotsi, ndipo izi, monga mukudziwa, ndizothandiza kwambiri pakupanga nthaka.
Kuwononga maulendo awo kulibe kanthu, iwo amapanga zatsopano. Anthu amabwera ndi njira zothanirana ndi kuchuluka kwa timadontho-timadontho mu ziwembu. Awa ndi misampha yosiyanasiyana, ziphe, njira yothira zitsime ndi madzi komanso othilira. Komanso munthu amazolowera agalu kapena amphaka kuti azisaka timadontho. Iliyonse ya njirazi ili ndi zovuta.
Kuti muike msampha, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chimayenda nthawi zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito ziphe pakuwonongeka ndikwachilengedwe, komanso, ndizosavomerezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama zina. Madzi amathanso kudzaza mabowo, koma pamakhala mwayi wodzaza mbewuzo. Kenako dothi lidzauma, ndipo zinyama zibwerera.
Kuzolowera galu kapena mphaka kukasaka mole ndi kothandiza, koma kwanthawi yayitali. Apanso, kutengera nyama zomwe muli nazo patsamba. Ngati zochulukirapo - othandizira anu sangathe kupirira. Ena amayika maukonde pansi kapena kuyika zinthu zakuthwa, koma njira zotere sizosangalatsa.
Njira yodalirika komanso yothandiza ndiyo kukhazikitsa mabizinesi osiyanasiyana. Kukhazikitsa kwamkokomo kumayambitsa nyama. Sakonda mkokomo ndi masamba. Zowona, phokoso lofuula lingavutitse munthu ndi anansi ake.
Pali zotulutsa zobiriwira, zonunkhira zomwe zimasangalatsa nyama. Pali mbewu zomwe zimachotsa mole kuchokera pamalowo ndi fungo lawo, mwachitsanzo, nthangala, marigold, lavender, calendula, adyo, ndi anyezi.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Zvezdonosov amatchedwanso kuti nyenyezi. Mu Latin, dzina lawo limamveka ngati Condylura cristata. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera kwambiri zazimayi. Zvezdonos ndi woimira bwino wa banja la mole. M'banjali adagawidwa subfamily, yomwe imatchedwa: subfamily "Moles of the New World." Lingaliro logawa gulu lina lokhazikika linapangidwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe apadera a nyenyezi zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi ma moles ena.
Kanema: Starbringer
Mtundu wamtunduwu umakonda njira zamadzi, koma kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kwa abale apafupi ndi mphuno zawo. Ndi zikopa makumi awiri mphambu ziwiri za khungu zophuka. Kukula kumeneku kumapezeka pankhope ya nyama ndipo sikuwoneka wokongola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mphuno "yoyipa", mole yotere imasiyanitsidwa ndi ubweya wowuma wa bulauni, kukula kwake kocheperako - kutalika kwa starfish nthawi zambiri sikupita masentimita makumi awiri.
Chosangalatsa: Starbringer si wamkulu wamba. Sangokonda kuyenda padziko lapansi, komanso amakonda kusambira m'madzi. Ndipo ubweya wolimba umamuthandiza mu izi, zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi osasangalatsa.
Kukula kooneka ngati nyenyezi pankhope ya nyamayi ndikwapadera. Asayansi azindikira kuti ikhoza kutchedwa kuti njira yofunika kwambiri yolumikizira padziko lapansi. Pa thupi ili ndizopitilira misomali zoposa chikwi chimodzi. Chiwerengerochi ndichoposa kasanu kuposa kuzindikira kwa dzanja la munthu! Kuphatikiza apo, mphuno yooneka ngati nyenyezi imatha kununkhiza ngakhale pansi pa madzi. Kuti muchite izi, nyamayo imatulutsa thovu m'madzi, kenako ndikuzikoka. Malinga ndi asayansi, ndi ma buluzi omwe amalola kuti mamunyu amve fungo la m'madzi.
Kodi nyenyezi ija imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Starburst ku North America
Oyang'anira nyenyezi amapanga zofuna zawo kumalo awo okhala. Mosiyana ndi timadontho tina, nyamazo sizimangokhala mikhalidwe ya pansi panokha. Amatha kuwoneka padziko lapansi komanso ngakhale m'madzi. Pazifukwa izi, nyama zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Kumeneko amayika nyumba zawo. Nyumba ndizovuta kwambiri kuyenda ndi makamera angapo, zolowera ndi zotuluka. Imodzi mwa zotuluka nthawi zambiri imatsogolera mwamadzi.
Nyengo ndizofunikanso kwambiri kwa iwo. Ma Starburss amasankha malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Pamalo okhala malo achilengedwe, amakhala m'malo opezeka chinyezi, madambo komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'nkhalango kapena paphala louma, nyama yotere siyimapezeka. Nyenyezi zimapewa malo amenewa.
Starbringer ndi cholembera waku America. Zimafalitsidwa kokha ku Dziko Latsopano. Gawo lomwe amakhalamo limaphatikizapo gombe lonse lakummawa kwa United States, Canada. Kukhazikika kwa nyamayi kumakhala kumadzulo - ku Great Lakes. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndichakuti nyenyezi za kum'mwera ndi kumpoto ndizosiyana. Nyama zakumwera ndizochepa, nyama zakumpoto ndizokulirapo. Pazifukwa izi, asayansi azindikira mitundu iwiri: kumpoto, kumwera.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyenyezi ija imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe nyama yachilendo imadya.
Kodi nsomba yam'madzi imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mole Starbringer
Stargazers ndi ma moles otakataka, omwe ndi gawo lawo losiyanitsa ndi achibale ena. Afunafuna chakudya pafupifupi tsiku lonse, chomwe ndicho chikhalidwe chawo chasinthidwe. Nyama zimasaka chakudya kulikonse: m'madzi, padziko lapansi komanso pansi pake. Amakumba ngalande nthawi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya. Mu tsiku limodzi, wopanga nyenyeziyu akuwombera pafupifupi kasanu ndi kamodzi kusaka. Nthawi yotsalayo, nyamayo imatanganidwa ndikudya chakudya ndikupuma.
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za ogulitsa nyenyezi zimaphatikizapo:
Kulakalaka komanso kukula kwa chakudya chomwe amadya sikudalira kukula kwa nyamayo, malo ake, komanso nthawi ya chaka. Chifukwa chake, kususuka kumawonekera kwambiri munyengo yachilimwe. Pakadali pano, moleyu amatha kudya zakudya zochuluka patsiku monga momwe amalemera. Nthawi zina pachaka, kukula kwa chakudya sikupitirira magalamu makumi atatu ndi asanu.
Nyama zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zawo m'maso posaka kuti zizigwira. Molefish akusaka mosiyanasiyana. Mphuno zawo zowoneka ngati nyenyezi zimawathandiza kupeza chakudya. Ndi nsapato za mphuno yake, iye amasaka munthu amene wamugwirayo, kenako nkuigwira mwamphamvu ndi mikono yake yakutsogolo. Kugwira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha iye, nyenyezi ija idadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Star-Mole
Nyenyezi zokhala ndi nyenyezi zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo mobisa. Iwo, monga abale ena, amakumba ngalande. Nyama izi zimatha kupanga labyrinths zovuta ndi makamera ambiri. Timadontho tating'ono tating'ono tomwe titha kupezeka pamaso pa gawo lomwe tapatsidwa. M'makola ovuta, nyama zimadzipangira kamera yaying'ono. M'modzi mwaiwo amakongoletsa Bowo. Kumeneku, nyenyezi yobisala kwa adani, ikuchita kulima ana.
Nyamazo zimaphimba burashi wawo ndi nthambi, udzu, zomera zowuma. Chimodzi mwa zotulutsira burashi chimapita kuchitsime chamadzi, kumene nyenyezi za mbalame zimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo. Mtundu wamtunduwu umayendera posungira kangapo patsiku. Zimasambira kwambiri, kulowa pansi kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nyenyezi ija imatha kuwoneka pansi pa ayezi. Nyama izi sizibisalira. M'nyengo yozizira, amafunafuna chakudya chawo pansi pa chisanu ndikusaka mwachangu anthu okhala pansi pamadzi.
Chosangalatsa: Kukhala opandukira pansi pa madzi, onyamula nyenyezi amathandizira mawonekedwe awo a anatomical. Ali ndi mawamba olimba owoneka ngati chingwe ndi mchira wautali. Anaumba matumba mwachangu m'madzi, ndipo mchirawo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowongolera.
Nyenyezi zoyenda moyenera ndizabwino. Nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono momwe amakhala mwamtendere komanso modekha. Komabe, madera ambiri amapasuka. Kunja kwa nyengo yakukhwima, amuna ndi akazi samaleka kulumikizana, zomwe zimadabwitsanso. Nthawi zambiri izi sizomwe zimayimira oyimira banja la mole.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Zithunzi
Zvezdonosa zitha kutchedwa cholengedwa chodzimana. Nyama zotere zimapeza wokwatirana, nzawo, kulera ana ndikupitiliza kulankhulana. Ngakhale kunja kwa nyengo yakukula, zazimuna ndi zazimuna siziletsa ubale wawo. Komabe, munthu aliyense wamkulu ali ndi "ufulu" wake payekha. Mbedza iliyonse imakhala ndi kaminga, chipinda chopumulira ndi moyo.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa timadontho-timadontho timachitika kamodzi pachaka. Zimachitika mchaka, koma masiku enieni okhala zachilengedwe amasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto nthawi yakukhwima imayamba m'mwezi wa Meyi, komanso kumwera - mu Marichi. Nyengo yakukhwima imangokhala miyezi ingapo. Mimba yaikazi imatenga masiku 40. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amakhala ndi ana anayi. Komabe, nthawi zina ana amatha kufikira ana asanu ndi awiri m'mimba imodzi.
Mbadwa za nsomba zam'madzi zimabadwa popanda chitetezo, zamaliseche kwathunthu. Poyamba, mphuno yachilendo mwa mawonekedwe a nyenyezi pankhope ya moles imakhala yosadziwika. Chowoneka mosiyanitsa mwa ana obadwa ndi nyenyezi ndikukula kwawo msanga. Zinyowezo zimatha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pakokha masiku makumi atatu pambuyo pobadwa. Masiku makumi atatu pambuyo pake, nyamazo zimasinthana mokwanira ndi chilengedwe, kusinthana ndi chakudya chachikulire, ndikufufuza mwachangu madera ozungulira.
Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi nyenyezi yam'madzi imawoneka bwanji?
Ma Starbursts sangathe kudziteteza kwa adani ambiri. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha moyo wawo wogwira ntchito. Mtunduwu, mosiyana ndi oimira ena oimilira, amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake osati mobisa. Nyenyezi zimayenda pansi kwambiri padziko lapansi, kumadziguguda ndi kusambira m'madzi ambiri. Pamtunda ndi m'madzi, nyama zazing'onozi zimakumana ndi zoopsa zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, motsutsana ndi timadontho "timasewera" mawonekedwe awo ofooka. Nyama sizimaona momwe nyama zimadyera.
Adani achilengedwe oopsa kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi nyenyezi amaphatikizapo:
- mbalame zodyedwa. Nyenyezi ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri mbalame zazikuluzikulu, chiwombankhanga, akambuku, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, kanga,
- martens, skunks,
- nsapato zazitali, achule akuluakulu.
Nyamayi imagwira ndikudya timadontho tating'onoting'ono tikakwawa masamba, kupita kumalo osungira kapena kusambira m'madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zodyeramo nyama zinkakhala ndi mpata wokukoka nsomba zam'chipinda cham'madzi. Mutha kuyitananso mdani wachilengedwe wonyamula nyenyezi mwamunayo. Anthu samakonda kupha nyama iyi, koma amavulaza mwanjira ina. Malo okhala anthu adagawanitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe zomwe nyama zimakhalamo. Koma, mwamwayi, izi sizinakhudze chiwerengero chonse cha nsomba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Akalulu a nyenyezi amakhala ndi malo achilengedwe achilengedwe. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo ndikokhazikika. Nyama izi zapatsidwa udindo wa "Wosafunikira". Maganizo ake ndi ambiri. Komabe, asayansi akuwona kuchepa pang'ono kwa chiwerengero chaonyamula nyenyezi. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zambiri.
Choyamba, nyamazo zimakhala zopanda chitetezo kwa adani. Kadzidzi, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, kanga, mbewa ndi nyama zina amazidya mosangalala. Kachiwiri, zovuta zakumunthu zimakhudzidwa ndikuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Kulima kwanyengo, chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha madera kwachititsa kuchepa kwa malo achilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa: Zamoyo zam'mlengalenga zimakhala ma moles onenepa kwambiri. Amakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe awo odabwitsa a okonda zachilendo. Komabe, opanga nyenyezi sakusangalala ndi izi zokha. Ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa sayansi. Ndi chithandizo chawo, zochenjera mu ntchito zamzeru zimaphunziridwa.
Mole wokhala ndi nyenyezi ndi nyama yotetezeka. Sizingatheke chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizirombo. Siziwononga ulimi kapena madera ena amoyo wamunthu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa timadontho tosavutikira kuli kochepa. Kuthengo, makoswe amtchire sakhalanso zaka zinayi. Pokhala mu ukapolo kokha komwe moyo wamunthu umakulira mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Stargazer - cholengedwa chapadera komanso nthawi yomweyo chowopsa. Mphuno yawo yodabwitsa yokhala ndi nyenyezi imawoneka yosagwirika, koma mawonekedwe ake akukhudza kukula kwake. Zoyenda zokhala ndi nyenyezi zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono, koma pakadali pano palibe chowopsa chachikulu kwa chiweto chambiri.
Makhalidwe
Moleyu amasiyana ndi abale ake apamtima chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapita padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, monga ma bulu onse, amakumba mitsinje yayitali pansi panthaka. Pakhomo pake pakhala nyumba yabwino.
Chojambula chowoneka ngati nyenyezi, chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe ake omwe samapezeka kawirikawiri pamasamba azofalitsa zapakhomo kwa okonda zachilengedwe, amakonzekeretsa nyumba yake mu chitsa chovunda kapena pamphepete. Amayimata ndi masamba komanso masamba owuma. Ndime zingapo zapansi panthaka zimatsogolera posungira.
Mole Starbringer: Kufotokozera Mwachidule
Ngwazi yathu yamakono ndi cholengedwa mwachilendo m'njira zonse, koma mawonekedwe ake osiyanitsa, mosakayikira, ndi mawonekedwe osakumbukika. Kodi chodabwitsa ndi chiyani? Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone mahema 22 ofewa. Amakula mozungulira mopanda manyazi. Mapangidwe onse achilendowa amafanana ndi mpweya wa maonekedwe.
Chiyeso chilichonse ndi chihema chotalika mpaka 4 mm. Onsewa ndi othandiza kwambiri komanso mafoni. Njira zake zimakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri, ma receptor, ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Asayansi amatcha ziwalo za Aimer's. Amapangidwa kuti azilandira komanso kufalitsa zambiri.
Mwa 22, ma ray awiri okha ndiomwe samayenda. Ena onse akusanthula malo oyandikana, akuwerenga nyama. Amazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti zitha kudyedwa kapena ayi. Nyamayi imangofunika mamilimita asanu ndi atatu okha kuti adziwe mtundu wa nyama yomwe angagwiritse ntchito.
Mphamvu yokhala ndi nyenyezi ya nyenyezi imasiyana pang'ono ndi abale ake: thupi lake ndi lamphamvu, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Mutu umakhala wokwezeka, pakhosi lalifupi. Maso ndi ochepa kwambiri, osawoneka. Auricles kulibe. Pa miyendo yakutsogolo, zala zazitali, zazitali, zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazikulu.
Miyendo imasunthidwa modabwitsa kunja, zomwe zimathandiza mole kuti agwire ntchito yokumba. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala ndi mikono isanu, imakhala yolingana ndi kutsogolo, koma osasinthika kukumba pansi. Mukayang'ana chithunzichi, mutha kuganiza kuti uyu ndi wamkulu kwambiri - woyambitsa. Miyeso ya nyamayo kwenikweni imayambira 10 mpaka 13 cm.
Kutalika kwinanso masentimita 8 kumawonjezera mchira. Ndiwotalikirapo kuposa mitundu ingapo ya timadontho, yokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, wolimba. M'nyengo yozizira, mafuta amasungamo. Chifukwa chake, pakugwa, imachulukana pafupifupi kanayi. Kuchuluka kwa nyamayo sikuposa 80 magalamu.
Chotuluka
Akazi amtunduwu amatulutsa ana kamodzi pachaka. Pafupifupi masiku makumi anayi ndi asanu ali ndi pakati. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, kuyambira ana awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri amabadwa. Amabadwa amaliseche ndi opanda thandizo, koma amakula msanga. Pofika tsiku lakhumi, thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi ubweya.
Wamkazi amadyetsa ana ake mkaka kwa milungu itatu kapena inayi. Pofika miyezi khumi amakhala atakhwima kale, amatha kubereka.