Achule a mitengo sanapezeke nkomwe ziweto, ngakhale okhala kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi mayiko ena, mayiko otentha ali ndi mwayi wosinkhasinkha zachilengedwe. Achule a mitengo, ndi achule a mitengo, ma arboreals, kapena achule a mitengo, amasiyana ndi achule wamba a m'nkhalango yaku Russia pakutha kwawo kukwera paliponse, ngakhale galasi! Kuthengo, zimakhala m'mitengo, ndipo mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu simatsikira kumtunda wadzadza ndi nyama zoopsa moyo wawo wonse.
Kuyambitsa banja la achule
Achule a mitengo ya banja (Hylidae) amaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 650 ya achule omwe amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse kupatula madera ozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Monga ziweto za terrarium nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu iyi:
- Achule a mitengo ya Genus Bright (Agalychnis):
- Chule cha mtengo wamaso (Agalychnis callidryas)
- Genus Tree Frog (Hyla): Blue Frog (Hyla cinerea)
- Chule wowonda (Hyla gratiosa)
- Chule cha mitengo (Hyla leucophyllata)
- Chule wamtundu wosiyanasiyana (Hyla versicolor)
- Chule cha mitengo ya Genus Australia (Litoria):
- Chule cha mitengo yobiriwira (Litoria caerulea)
- Chule wa mitengo yoyera (Litoria infrafrenata)
- Genus Kwakshi West Indies (Caribbean) (Osteopilus):
- Chule cha Cuba (Osteopilus septentrionalis)
- Chule cha ku Pacific chachikulu (Chule chachikulu cha Osteopilus)
- Achule a mitengo ya Gius Dill (Phrynohyas):
- Chule cha mitengo (Phrynohyas resinifictrix)
- Chida chakumaso (Phrynohyas venulosa)
- Genus Phyllomedusa (Phyllomedusa):
- Phyllomedusa wa Orange-miyendo (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis).
Mwina achule otchuka kwambiri ndi chule. Mthumwi wooneka bwino komanso wochititsa chidwiwu umadziwika kuti ndi wokongola ngakhale kwa iwo omwe nthawi zambiri amawona achule kuti si zolengedwa zokongola kwambiri. Ziphuphu zokhala ndi maso ofiira ndi maonekedwe ake osazolowereka komanso mtundu wokongola - kubiriwira kobiriwira, zala za lalanje, mbali za buluu ndi maso ofiira zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aziwakonda!
Phylomedus, wokhala ndi miyendo ya lalanje ndi wofanana ndi chule wamaso ofiira, koma sakhala wamba m'magulu a anthu okonda nyama zaku India.
Mitundu yonseyi, komanso mitundu ina ya achule a mtundu wa Phyllomedusa ndi red-eye eyed, ali ndi utoto wowala kwambiri m'malo omwe amatha kubisika. Amakhala otakataka, ngati achule onse amitengo, usiku, kotero kuti mitundu yawo yowala sikuwoneka kwa adani. Koma masana, ngati chule la mtengowo litawonetsa, mwachitsanzo, miyendo yowala, izi zimakhala chizindikiro kwa wolosetsa poyizoni wa chule. Koma masana, achule a mitengo nthawi zambiri amagona, ndipo kugona "amakhathamira" pa tsamba ndikusunga mawondo awo kuti mbali ndi zala zawo zisawonekere, mutha kuwona kumbuyo kubiriwira komwe kumalumikizana ndi masamba. Maso owala amatsekedwa kwa zaka zambiri komanso samakopa chidwi cha mdani.
Achule a mitengo amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi Hyla emrichi, kutalika kwake ndi 1.7-1.8 cm, ndipo Hyla dolichopsis amafika kutalika kwa 12 cm!
Moyo wa achule
Ambiri achule a mitengo amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha. Ku Russia, kuli mitundu iwiri yokha - chule wamba (arborea) ndi achule a Far Eastern. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango, pamitengo, achule a mitengo amakwera modabwitsa ndipo amagwiritsitsa zala zawo ("kuyamwa") pazala zawo zomwe zimalola achule a mitengo kuti akwere pamtunda, kuphatikizapo galasi. Pali zotulutsa zambiri zam'mimba mu ma disc awa, ndipo ma gland mucous amapezeka pansi. Kulumikizidwa pamalo owongoka kumapezekanso ndi khungu pamimba ndi mmero.
Kutengera mtundu wa chilengedwe, achule a mitengo, ngati ma chameleon, amatha kusintha khungu. Kwenikweni amapaka utoto wobiriwira, womwe umawalola kutengera chilengedwe. Koma, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, achule ena ali ndi utoto wowala bwino, mwachitsanzo, harlequin (Phrynohyas resinifictrix) (wakuda ndi zoyera) ndi clown chule (Hyla versicolor) (bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga oyera kapena achikasu) ndiwosangalatsa. .
Sikuti achule onse otetezedwa ku zilombo. Mwachitsanzo, chule wa Mtengo Gesleri (Hyla giesleri) amadzisintha ngati chiphuphu. Chule cha geographic (N. geographica) chimadziona ngati tsamba louma - chimakanikizidwa ndi dothi, chimatseka maso ndi khungu lake ndipo khungu lake limapangitsa kuti lizioneka ngati tsamba.
Zambiri zakatundu wa mitengo sizosangalatsa - osati amuna okha, komanso zopanda akazi, ngakhale kuti omaliza ndi abwinoko kuposa abambo. Komabe, si achule onse amitengo yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kuyimba kwa achule a mitengo ku Australia kuli ngati kulira kwamtundu wina, ndipo chule wakuyimba muluzi wochokera ku North America akuimba likhweru.
Achule a mitengo ndi nyama zolusa, amadya zinthu zonse zokhala m'milomo yawo, kaya ndi gulugufe, tambala, cricket, kapenanso thukuta kapena kakang'ono. Amatha kugwira nyama ndi lilime lawo, ndipo chakudya chachikulu chimakankhidwa kukamwa ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo.
Mitengo ya achule a mitengo imasiyana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo chule cha golidi (Hyla aurea) sichikwera pamwamba, ndikufuna kukhala m'madzi. Chule cha ku californian chule (Nyla californiae) ndi chule ku Mexico chotchedwa sonor chule (Hyla eximia) amakonda moyo wamadzi. Achule ena amakonda malo otseguka kunkhalango, monga chule la mitengo ya pearl (Hyla albomarginata), yemwe amakhala ku South America, ndipo ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha mawu ake oimba ngati mbalame ndi mtundu wosangalatsa.
Achule onse amtunduwu ndi woopsa kapena wocheperako. Chifukwa chake, ngati chinsinsi cha tiziwalo ta khungu la chule cha Cuba chimalowa mkamwa kapena m'maso, chimayambitsa kutentha. Ngakhale, mwazonse, kwa anthu, poyizoni wazomera si owopsa, komabe amafunika kusamba m'manja mukamalankhula nawo. Mwa njira, achule a mitengo alibe nkhawa atakhala m'manja.
Achule a mitengo amafunika madzi oswana, ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwake sikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse - amatha kutuluka madzi ochepa. Ndipo, mwachitsanzo, chule wa ku Brazil (Hyla resinifictrix) amapaka phula paliponse. Chule cha mitengo ya nthochi (Nyla nebulosa) sichimatchedwa chifukwa amakonda kudya nthochi, chimayikira mazira m'mphepete mwa tsamba la nthochi. Chule cha mitengo ya Geldy (Flectonotus goeldii) chimanyamula caviar kumbuyo kwake. Achule a mitengo ya Marsupial (genus Gastrotheca), monga dzina lawo limatanthawuzira, amakhala ndi chikwama kumbuyo kwawo komwe amanyamula mazira asanafike metamorphosis.
Achule a mitengo amakhala nthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka makumi awiri amatha kukondweretsa mbuye wawo. Inde, kwa moyo wautali, ziweto zimayenera kupereka malo abwino.
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, achule a mitengo amafunika malo olowera pamtunda, kukulira kwa chule, komanso kukula kwake.
Kwa achule angapo a mitengo ku Australia, malo otetezedwa amayenera kukhala osachepera malita 50, ndipo kwa awiri, mwachitsanzo, achule a mitengo ofiira, osachepera 30 malita. Malo ochitira masewerowa ayenera kuvalidwa ndi chivundikiro cha mauna.
CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut kapena thaulo zamapepala ndizoyenera ngati gawo lapansi. Ndipo chule cha mtengowo chimasungidwa bwino kwambiri m'minda zokhala ndi dothi lochokera ku dothi losakanizikana ndi zomeramo. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika dothi lamadzi pansi penipeni pa terariamu - masentimita 4-5, ndipo pamata pake masentimita 71. Dwarf monstera, ivy, cindapsusa, mitundu yaying'ono ya aglaoneem, tradescantia, ferns yaying'ono ingabzalidwe kuchokera kuzomera za terrarium kupita ku achule a mitengo. ndi ma philodendrons. Zomera zobzalidwa zonse mumiphika ndipo mwachindunji mu zosakaniza za dothi - achule a mitengo sawaphwanya kapena kudya.
Pansi, mutha kuyika dothi losalala la moss - sphagnum - achule a mitengo amasangalala kukumba pamenepo.
Mabibi nthawi zonse amayikidwa mu malo ogwiritsira ntchito - achule a mitengo adzakwera pamwamba pawo.
Kutentha kosavuta kwa achule a mitengo ndi 23-28 ° C. Nyali yama 20ts watts imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwawomwe. Repti-Glo 2.0 nyali ya fluorescent sikhala yopepuka.
Dziwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pobetchera matalala amtchire. Amakhala nthawi yayitali usiku komanso nthawi ina masana. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha ceramic ngati chosungira. Ngati ndi yakuya kwambiri, mutha kuyikamo pang'ono pansi, ndikuyika tchire pang'ono ppt kapena chomera china cham'madzi kuti tiwolokere pamwamba. Madzi mmenemo amasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Malo ophunzirira ndi mbewu zomwe zili mmenemo ziyenera kuthiridwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Muyeneranso kuthira dothi ngati pakufunika kuti nthawi zonse lizikhala lonyowa.
Ndikwabwino kupukuta galasi tsiku lililonse, chifukwa achule a mitengo amakonda kukwera pagalasi. Mkati mwa malo ojambulira, galasi liyenera kupukutidwa ndi chaza chokha popanda zotchingira, apo ayi achule angathidwe poizoni.
Kudula chule
M'pofunika kudyetsa achule ang'onoang'ono tsiku lililonse, akulu tsiku lililonse kapena masiku awiri - chinthu chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti achule a mitengo osakula, ndipo ana satopa - pakuwoneka, achule a mitengo amawonekera bwino.
Matikiti ndi maphemwe akuluakulu ndi abwino ngati chakudya cha achule a mitengo. Mutha kudyetsa ndi ma tonneers, kapena ngakhale zala zanu - achule a mitengo amapeza nthawi yomweyo m'manja mwawo ndikumawatenga mopanda chakudya. Mutha kudyetsa kuchokera kwa wodyetsa, koma ngati mungasunge achule angapo achikulire a mitengo, amatha kukangana chifukwa chotsatira momwe angafikire ndipo wina akhoza kukhala ndi njala. Ndizosangalatsanso kungoponya zingwe zokhazokha mu terarium ndikuwona momwe achule amasaka - amasaka kuti agwiritse, ndikudumpha kwambiri. Sakonda kuphonya.
Kamodzi pa sabata tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipereka tizilombo owazidwa ndi mavinidwe apamwamba amkati ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso nyama zapamwamba.
Zochita Zogawidwa
Achule a mitengo amatha kusungidwa pamodzi ndi nyama zina, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti ali ndi zofunika zofanana, ndipo kukula kwake sikulola kudya kapena kulumala wina ndi mnzake. Mutha kuwapatsa ma dinosaurs monga maboui akulu, ma-oyera amchifuwa choyera. Popeza achule a mitengo amagwira ntchito makamaka usiku, ndipo ma envelopu ali masana, ndizosangalatsa nthawi zonse kuwonera malo ochitirako masewerawa.
Chisamaliro cha achule sichovuta, chimakhala chokwanira ngati petari woyamba. Zovuta zokhazo zomwe zimadikira eni achule ndi "makonsati," omwe nthawi zina amakonzedwa ndi amuna. Achule a mitengo "amayimba" kwambiri ngati pali amuna angapo ku terrarium.
03.05.2015
Chule wamba (lat. Hyla arborea) - woyimira yekha wa banja la achule (lat. Hylidae), yemwe adakhazikika ku Europe. Pazikhalidwe zomwe amakhala pamtengo, amatchedwanso nkhuni. Mitunduyi ndi ya Tailless Amphibians (Anura) ndipo ndi imodzi mwazonse ku Europe.
Kufalitsa
Kuphatikiza pa Central ndi Southern Europe, idalinso ku Asia Minor. Imatha kuwonekera kumapiri a Caucasus komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake, chule wa mtengowu amasankha malo otsika ndipo samapezeka m'mapiri pamwamba pa 1500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Imakhala m'mphepete mwa udzu wokutidwa ndi zithaphwi, malo odyetserako ziweto komanso nkhalango zokumbira bwino. Njira yofunikira posankha malo okhala ndi malo osungiramo pafupi.
Chifukwa cha makapu oyamwa omwe ali pafupi ndi inu, chule cha mitengo imatha kukwera mosavuta pakhoma lakuya kapena mtengo wokulirapo ndipo ngakhale pamwamba pagalasi. Chotseka chikho cha disc chimadzazidwa ndi mwanabele, zomwe zimafewetsa kufinya ikamatera.
Kuswana
Achule a mitengo amayamba kubereka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March ndikutha kumapeto kwa June. A Amphibians amasankha timitsinje tating'ono, m'matumba kapena m'mayenje odzadza ndi madzi.
Pakubala, abambo amayamba afike. Amakhala ndi resonator yachipinda chimodzi, chomwe chimapezeka pakhosi pansi pa lilime lomwe. Ndi thandizo lake, woyendetsa njirayo amapanga mawu omwe amatha kumveka patali
ndi oposa kilomita imodzi. Wopingidwa ndi kuyimba modabwitsa, amene akufuna kudzacheza naye amabwera kwa iye. Yemwe ali ndi mwayi amalowa pamsana pake ndikugwira osankhidwa ndi mikwingwirima.
Kuyika kwa Caviar ndi umuna wake kumachitika ndi kutentha kwa madzi pafupifupi 13 ° C. Kwa Thermoregulation, amuna amatha kulowa m'madzi kapena kumtunda. Yaikazi imayikira mazira pafupifupi 2000 m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Wothandizidwayo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuthira manyowa a caviar, ndipo amawira pansi.
Akazi nthawi yomweyo amasiya chosungira choyamba atatha kutulutsa, ndipo mwamunayo amakhalabe kwakanthawi kuti asangalale ndi ana amtsogolo. Pambuyo pa masiku 14 kutentha kwa madzi pafupifupi 19 ° C, ma tadpoles amawoneka ndi mazira okhala ndi dorsal fin, mchira woongoka komanso maso atakhala mbali mbali zonse za mutu.
Poyamba amadya plankton. Kuti muchite izi, ana amakhala malo owongoka, ndikukweza mawondo awo pansi pamadzi, kumamwa chakudya. Pakupita miyezi iwiri, ma tadpoles amakula mpaka 5cm ndikuyamba metamorphosis.
Achinyamata okwanira mpaka 1.5 cm kukula kwake kupita kumtunda. Chule chaching'ono chilinso ndi mchira wawung'ono, womwe sungachedwe. Amuna amakhala okhwima pakapita chaka chimodzi, ndipo akazi pambuyo zaka ziwiri.
Khalidwe
Nthawi yawo yambiri, mbalame za nkhuni zimakhala pamtunda. Amakhala patsikulo ndikudya tizilombo touluka tomwe timadutsa. Kutacha kumayamba, chule cha mitengo imayamba kusaka kwenikweni. Amakhala pakati pa nthambi za mitengo kapena mu udzu wowuma, kudikirira chakudya chake. Atasankha wogwiriridwa, amamufikira pang'onopang'ono, kenako kamanjenjemera kotsatira - kenako nyamayo ili lilime lolimba.
Mano ang'ono a nsagwada yapamwamba amatha kupereka njira yodalirika. Atameza phokoso, chule akupitiliza kusaka. Kuti agwire nyama, amatuluka ndi pakamwa kwambiri.
Masana, arbor amapuma, atakhala pabulu kapena kusankha malo osavuta paphesi la mabango. Zimaphatikizika kwathunthu ndi maziko ozungulira. Mtundu wake sufanana ndipo umatengera kuwala ndi chinyezi, komanso kutentha ndi mtundu wa chilengedwe.
Kupaka utoto kungawonetse mkhalidwe wamalingaliro aomwe akukhala. Chule wamba amatha kukhala ndi udzu wobiriwira, mandimu, chikasu, bulauni komanso mtundu wa lilac.
Kufika kwa chimfine cha nthawi yophukira nthawi ya masamba, mitengo yamatamba imatsikira pansi. Amayamba kufunafuna malo ogona nthawi yachisanu ndipo atatulutsa zinyalala kapena mozizira, amagona. Mwezi wa Epulo, abambo amadzuka, ndipo pakatha masiku 8 azimayi amatuluka ku hibernation.
Mtengo wachilengedwe wachilengedwe
Dera la Brest - zonse
Dera la Gomel - kupatula kumpoto
Dera la Grodno - kupatula zigawo za Oshmyany ndi Smorgon
Dera la Minsk - kumadzulo ndi kumwera
Banja la Tree Frogs (Hylidae).
Ku Belarus, ogawidwa kumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo. Malire a malowa akudutsa mzere wa Oshmyany-Uzda-Slutsk-Svetlogorsk-Gomel. Kumpoto kwa malirewa, chule wa mitengo sanapezeke. Ma subspecies a Hyla arborea arborea amakhala ku Belarus.
Mtundu umodzi wocheperako komanso woyamba kwambiri wa amphibians wa republic. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 3.5-4,5 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 3.8-8.2 g. Thupi ndi lochepera, miyendo ndiyochepa thupi komanso yayitali, nsonga za zala zimakulitsidwa kukhala zimbale zomwe zimapereka kukwera pamalo owongoka. Ma Disks amathandizira kumamatira masamba, nthambi, thunthu ndi mawonekedwe ena (ngakhale magalasi) chifukwa chakuti ali ndi malo ambiri a m'mimba ndi timimba tating'ono ta mucous. Phunziroli ndi lozungulira, lomwe limakhala molunjika. Eardrum ndi yozungulira, yaying'ono kuposa diso. Khungu kumbuyo limakhala losalala, ndipo pamimba pathupi pake pamakhala kufinya. Wamphongo amakhala ndi chikwama cha mawu pakhungu lake pakhosi pake. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi.
Kumbuyo ndi kobiriwira kowala, m'mimba mwayera. Mbali yakumtunda imasiyanitsidwa ndi pansi ndi gulu loonda lakuda lakuda lomwe limapanga tinthu tambiri m'mbali mwake. Pamwamba pa Mzere wakuda uli ndi malire oyera. Kupaka utoto kumasiyanasiyana (mpaka kubiriwira, kubiriwira, kutuwa kwathunthu kapena imvi komanso tint yachitsulo) kutengera kutentha ndi chinyezi chilengedwe. Ndi kutentha kocheperako komanso chinyezi chowonjezereka, nyama zimachita khungu. Komabe, pamikhalidwe yofananira ndendende, achule a mitengo osiyanasiyana amatha kupezeka.
Mabuu amakhala achikasu a maolivi pamwamba, wokhala ndi chitsulo cham'mimba pamimba. Caudal fin lonse, yolozera kumapeto, kachiphokoso kotsika pafupifupi pamalo openya. Pamlomo wapamwamba wa pakamwa disk disk 2 mizere ya denticles, pamunsi - 3.
Malo okhala achule ambiri ku Belarus ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zosakanikirana, zitsamba, ndi madambo ena. Amapezekanso m'midzi - m'mapaki ndi m'minda. Kugawidwa kwa achule a mitengo kumalumikizidwa ndi nkhalango zotambalala, zomwe zimakula makamaka kumwera kwa Belarus.Achule ambiri omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chigwa cha Pripyat, komanso m'malo osefukira a Neman. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo obiriwira omwe amakhala pafupi ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'malo opezeka madzi osefukira ndi zitsamba, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yokongola. Kuchulukana kwa anthu pamtunda kumatha kufikira 40-125 anthu / ha.
Ndikosavuta kuwona chule cha mitengo kumapeto kwa kasupe (Epulo-Meyi) nthawi yakubzala, ikamadziunjikira m'madziwe oweta. M'chilimwe, nthawi yambiri amakhala pa mitengo, tchire, kapena zitsamba zazitali kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pamiyala); zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira chifukwa cha khungu lanyama. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chake cholakwika chokhudza kuperewera kwa mitundu ku Belarus.
M'mawonekedwe a Pripyat landscape-hydrological reser m'chilimwe (Juni-Julayi), anthu 1-2 okha pamtunda umodzi wa njira amapezeka. Chapakatikati, pakubala, kuchulukana kwa mitengo m'malo awa kumawonjezeka ka 10. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, m'mphepete mwa msewu wokonzanso madzi mu chigwa cha Pripyat kudera la Stolin, kuyambira anthu 7 mpaka 28 achule pamtunda umodzi wa 1 km mwa ulendowu adalembedwa (80% ya azaka zapakati).
Mtunduwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupukuta kuposa ma amphibians ena. Mu malo ouma, chule popanda vuto limataya 30% ya unyinji wake ndikuwukhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo ngati madzi kapena nthaka yonyowa.
Achule a mitengo amayambira kusaka kwawo kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, "amasamba" m'mame kapena padziwe kuti akonzenso chinyezi kudzera pakhungu, lomwe limakhala nthawi yambiri masana, makamaka nyengo yamvula. Kuchira konyowa kumathamanga kwambiri. Chule cha mitengo samangokwera mitengo yokha, komanso imapanga kudumpha kwakutali, komwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri posaka tizilombo touluka. Ma disc okhala ndi mbewa zodzutsa pansi zomwe zimapezeka kumanja amathandizira masamba, nthambi, mitengo ikuluikulu.
Pakutha kusambira, sizotsika kwambiri pa achule am'madzi, ndipo mutha kulumpha ndikuwakwera kuposa iwo.
Mukamagwira tizilombo, achule a mitengo, ngati achule, amatulutsa lilime lalitali ndodo ndikugwira wovutayo. Ngati nyama yakula kwambiri, achule amadziwirira mkamwa mwake ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Ochulukira (96%) mu chakudya cha achule amaphatikiza mitundu ya padziko lapansi, pomwe pafupifupi 15-20% yawo imawuluka. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana: ma dipterans (13.9%), akangaude (12.4%), kachilomboka masamba (9.0%), nsikidzi (7.5%), nyerere (7.5%), ndi nutcrackers (7 , 0%) ndi Weevils (5.5%). Tizilombo touluka timathandiza kwambiri pakudya kwamtunduwu. Chakudya sichitha nthawi yakuswana. Cannibalism imadziwika kokha ma tadpoles, nthawi zambiri amadya caviar amtundu wawo.
Pali adani ochepa achule a mitengo okhudzana ndi momwe imakhalapo. Achule a mitengo nthawi zina amadyedwa ndi achule, mbalame za m'mimba, nkhandwe, agalu achinja ndi njoka, ndi njoka.
Achule amasiya nthawi yozizira kumayambiriro. Poyamba amuna amadzuka, ndipo akazi amangochoka patatha masiku 6-8. Ku Polesie, komanso kumadzulo kwa dera la Grodno m'masiku 10 oyambirira a Epulo, pamatenthedwe oposa 6-8 ° C, amapezeka kale m'matupi amadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, zimatha kuwoneka pazomera zakale, nthawi zambiri pa chinton m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi. Pofika m'mwezi wa Epulo, masiku otentha, makamaka madzulo ndi usiku, abambo amayamba makonsati awo. Phokoso lomwe amalipiritsa chifukwa cha kamvekedwe kamkati kamakoma kamphamvu, kamene kamasefukira ngati mpira, kali kolimba kwambiri, kofanana ndi kuzimiririka kwa abakha, koma kamvekedwe kokweza. M'madera ena, mawu awa akuwonetsedwa ngati phokoso lalikulu la "te-te-te." Mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo, pafupifupi amuna onse amaphatikizidwa mu kwaya. Nthawi zambiri amayamba nthawi yamadzulo (21.00-21.30), koma nthawi yamasika amatha kumveka masana, makamaka nyengo yamvula.
Ma concert amphamvu amapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, koma achule amalankhula mpaka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Julayi, nthawi zina mochedwa.
Ndi m'mwezi wa Meyi pomwe mating ndi kufalikira kumachitika. Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakwera kufika pa 12-23 ° C. Amuna amakhala ndi chimanga chovuta kwambiri ngati cha browning, koma chophimba chachikazi, monga mikanda, pansi pazingwe.
Zoweta, achule a mitengo amakonda maiwe omwe ali ndi m'mphepete mwa mabango, tchire ndi mitengo yotentha bwino komanso yakuya kwa 0.4-0.5 m. Masango am'deralo a achule ali ndi abambo akuluakulu 15-20 ndi akazi angapo, koma mawonekedwe awo amasintha mosinthasintha. Gawo la akazi nthawi zonse limakhala lotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna ndipo chiwalo cha amuna / akazi chimasiyana kuyambira 1: 15 mpaka 1: 5. Kusavomerezeka kumeneku kukufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti zazikazi zimangokhala dziwe kosaposa masiku 1-2 ndikuzisiya zitatulutsa. Kuchulukana komwe kumakhala m'magulu oswana ndi anthu 3-5 pa amuna ndi akazi pa 10-15 m 10-15.
Chule cha mitengo ya zipatso ndi yaying'ono, pafupifupi mazira 800-1000 (375-1725), pomwe mayiyo amaika mazira 4-100 mazira amtundu wawung'ono wa 2-6. Dongosolo la dzira ndi 1-1,5 mm, ndipo palimodzi ndi chipolopolo 4 mm. Nthawi zambiri caviar amawaika m'madzi osaya a nyanja, m'matayala, panjira, m'malo obisalamo m'mphepete. Kutulutsa kumachitika makamaka usiku (pambuyo pa maola 23) ndipo kumatenga ola limodzi mpaka 6 kwa awiri. Mazira achule atha kukumana ndi manyowa pamtunda, ndipo mazira ake amatha kukana kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amatha kukhalabe ndi mwayi kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira padziwe, chifukwa limagona pansi kapena lololedwa kuzomera zam'madzi. Achule a mitengo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ang'onoang'ono okhala m'mizere ya masamba ena a mbewu zina komanso m'maenje oikira mazira. Chodabwitsa cha chule caviar ndikuti (ngati nyama zachikulire) amatha kukana kuyanika kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake imalephera ngati chitsime chouma chabwezeretsedwanso ndimvula yambiri.
Mphutsi zimawonekera masiku 10-15. (pa kutentha 16-16 ° C), kutalika kwawo ndi 5 mm. Nthawi zambiri, patsiku lachinayi atalumidwa, achule mitengo amakhala ndi zocheperako zakunja; samatulutsa ndipo amatha. Ngati mazira aikidwa mwachindunji pamtunda wonyowa, ndiye kuti mbewa zamtunduwu zayamba kale popanda mabulogalamu akunja kapena zokhala ndi matayala osakwanira. Pafupifupi patsiku la 50, miyendo yakumbuyo yomwe imakula. Matalala achule amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mchira womera bwino, wowumbika, wowongoka mpaka kumapeto, malire a khungu lomwe limayenderera kumbuyo chakutsogolo. Maso awo akhazikika mbali imodzi. Mapaipi ali mumadziwe kwa masiku 60-80 (malingana ndi zolembedwa zina, masiku 80-90), ndipo masiku khumi oyamba a Ogasiti pamakhala kutuluka kwakukulu kwa ana azaka, ngakhale milandu ya chisanu cha mitengo ya achule imadziwika. Ana onyentchera, mosiyana ndi achikulire, amakhala otakataka tsiku lonse ndipo amakhala makamaka paudzu pafupi ndi dziwe loswana. Kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi 15-18 mm (kapena 10-14 mm).
Kutha msamba kumachitika mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi cha moyo.
M'nyengo yozizira, achule amachoka kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndi Okutobala m'mabowo, zotchinga, pansi pa mizu ndi zinyalala za m'nkhalango, m'miyala yamiyala yamiyala, cellars, cellars. Amatha nthawi yozizira pansi pa dziwe.
Achule amangozolowera kukhala mu ukapolo; nthawi zina amakhala kuti samangokhala zaka zopitilira 20, komanso kuwombera kunyumba.
1. Pikulik M.M. (ofiira.) / Madzi apadziko lapansi. Pazuny: Etsyklapedychny davidnik (Zhivelny kuwala kwa Belarus_). Minsk, 1996.240 s.
2. Drobenkov S. M., Novitsky R. V., Kosova L. V., Ryzhevich K. K. & Pikulik M. M. "Amphibians of Belarus". Sofia - Moscow, 2005.
3. Pikulik M. M. "Amphibians aku Belarus." Minsk, 1985. -191s.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo kumafika masentimita 5, wamkazi mpaka masentimita 6. Mutu umakhala wochepa. Kumbali zake anali ndi maso ataliitali. Thupi limakhala ndi chowulungika, maonekedwe amasintha. Msana nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira, ndipo pamimba ndizopepuka.
Mikwingwirima ya bulauni imayambira pamutu mpaka kumapazi kumbuyo. Kumbuyo, khungu losalala, komanso pamimba akuthyola ndi ma tubercles ang'ono. Zala zitatu kutsogolo ndi zisanu pamphumi zakumiyendo. Zala zonse zimakhala ndi zikho zokuyamwa.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa chule wamba mwachilengedwe kuli pafupifupi zaka 15.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Banja la achule lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 700 ya mitundu pafupifupi 40. Zimapezeka makamaka m'malo otentha a New World, komanso zimapezeka ku Europe, Australia ndi Asia ambiri osakhala otentha. Mitundu ya arboretum imaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya mitundu.
Oimira ena otchuka akuphatikiza chule cha mitengo yotentha (H. gratiosa), chule wamtengo wobiriwira ku Europe (H. arborea), yemwe madera ake aku Asia ndi Japan, chule wa mitengo (H. versicolor), chule wa mitengo yobiriwira (H. cinerea), ndi Pacific chule wa mitengo (H. regilla). Achule a mitengo ndi gulu lalikulu komanso losiyanasiyana la amphibians. Adasinthika kukhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana.
Kanema: Mtengo Chule
Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zina zosangalatsa pankhani ya achule a mitengo:
- kukula kochepa - achule ambiri ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti amatha kukhala momasuka pamanja pawo,
- mano - Chule wa marsupial wa Gunther (Gastrotheca guentheri) - chule yekhayo yemwe ali ndi mano m'nsagwada yapansi,
- kawopsedwe - kukhudza kosavuta kwa chule wa m'maso achikasu (Dendrobates leucomelas) kungayambitse kulephera kwa mtima,
- kumeza - monga achule ena ambiri, achule a mitengo amagwiritsa ntchito maso awo kudzithandiza kumeza chakudya. Amatseka maso awo zolimba, zomwe zimakankhira chakudya m'makosi awo,
- Flying Frog - Chule chouluka cha Costa Rican chili ndi zingwe pakati pa zala zake, zomwe zimamuthandiza kuyenda pakati pa mitengo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi chule ndi mitengo yanji?
Achule a mitengo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achule, okhala ndi miyendo yayitali ya kumbuyo ndi khungu losalala. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za achule a mitengo ndi mapepala okhala ndi zomatira zomata pamiyendo, zomwe zimawathandiza kukwera mitengo. Maso achule oyang'ana kutsogolo nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo, omwe amawathandiza kuti azisaka nyama zawo, nthawi zambiri usiku.
Chochititsa chidwiYankho: A achule a mitengo amatha kupezeka mitundu yambiri, mitundu ina yowala kwambiri, ngakhale yambiri imakhala yobiriwira, yofiirira kapena imvi. Mitundu ingapo imatha kusintha mtundu kuti uphatikizidwe ndi maziko achinsinsi. Mwachitsanzo, chule wa protein (Hyla squirella), wofanana ndi chameleon pakutha kwake kusintha mtundu.
Ngakhale achule a mitengo amatha kukula mpaka kukula osiyanasiyana, mitundu yambiri imakhala yochepa kwambiri chifukwa amadalira masamba ndi nthambi zopyapyala kuti azitha kulemera. Kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 14 cm, chule wa mitengo wokhala ndi milomo yoyera (Litoria infrafrenata) wochokera ku Australia ndi Oceania ndiye chule wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chule chachikulu kwambiri ku United States ndi chule wamtundu wa Cuba, yemwe ndi wamtali masentimita 3.8 mpaka 12.7. Achule ang'onoang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi ochepera 2,5 cm.
Chule cha mitengo yobiriwira chakhala ndi miyendo yolumikizira yomwe imatha ndi zala zamiyendo mwanjira zambale zomata. Khungu lawo limakhala losalala kumbuyo ndi khunyu kumbali yamkati. Amakhala ndi mtundu wosinthika: apulo wobiriwira, wobiriwira wakuda, wachikaso, ngakhale imvi, kutengera zinthu zina zakunja (kufinya, gawo lapansi, kutentha). Wamphongo amalekanitsidwa ndi wamkazi ndi chikwama chake chamawu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chikasu, zobiriwira kapena zofiirira, ndipo pakugwa chimakhala chakuda.
Chule cha mbewa chimakhala ndi "khungu" lobiriwira, lofiirira, kapena laimvi lomwe lili ndi mawanga akulu mumdima kumbuyo kwake. Monga achule ambiri amtunduwu, mtunduwu umakhala ndi mapepala akuluakulu pamapazi, ofanana ndi oyamwa. Amakhala ndi khungu loyera pansi pa diso lililonse komanso lalanje lowoneka wachikasu pansi m'chiuno mwake.
Zachilendo ku nkhalango zamvula za ku Central America, chule wamaso owoneka ndi maso amakhala ndi thupi lowoneka bwino lomwe limakhala ndi mikwaso ya chikaso chamtambo m'maso mwake, lamba wowala lalanje lalitali lokhala ndi mapepala omata kumapeto kwa chala chilichonse, ndi maso ofiira owala ndi ana akuda. Pansi pake pamakhala khungu loonda, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndikoterera komanso kolimba.
Kodi chule cha mitengo imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tree Frog
Achule a mitengo amapezeka kuma kontrakitala onse kupatula ku Antarctica, koma amasiyana kwambiri mu malo otentha azungu. Pafupifupi mitundu 30 imakhala ku United States, ndipo yoposa 600 imapezeka ku South ndi Central America. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti achule ambiri amtundu wake ndi wakunja, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhala pamitengo.
Zipangizo zapadera, monga zopangira ndi miyendo yayitali, zimawathandiza kukwera ndi kudumpha. Achule a mitengo osakhala mitengo amakhala m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe kapena pakati pachithunzi chonyowa. Achule a mitengo yobiriwira amakhala kumatauni, m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango, m'madambo komanso pachilala. Amakhala ndi chizolowezi chakhazikika mkati ndi kuzungulira nyumba zakumidzi, mozungulira zotchingira ndi akasinja amadzi.
Achule a mitengo yofiirira amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, pomwe amapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha komanso kumapiri ozungulira, makamaka m'malo okhala pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena maiwe. Achule a mitengo yofiira amakhala okwera bwino kwambiri omwe ali ndi zala pamakapu awo oyamwa omwe amawathandiza kuti adziphatikize kunsi kwa masamba, komwe amapuma tsiku lonse. Mutha kupezanso kuti amagwiritsitsa nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo m'malo awo onse ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndi osambira oyenerera.
Chule cha mitengo ya Gray imatha kupezeka m'mitundu yambiri yamtchire ndi shrub yomwe ili pafupi ndi madzi oyima. Mtundu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala m'matchire, komanso amathanso kuyendera minda yazipatso. Chule cha mitengo ya "Grec" ndi "chule" weniweni: imatha kupezeka pamwamba pa mitengo yayitali kwambiri.
Chule izi sizimawoneka kawirikawiri kunja kwa nthawi yomwe zimabzala. Akagwira ntchito, amabisala m'maenje a mitengo, pansi pa khungwa, m'matanda owola, komanso pansi pa masamba ndi mizu ya mitengo. Achule a mitengo amabisala pansi pa masamba adagwa ndikuphimba chisanu. Mazira awo ndi mphutsi zimamera m'madziwe ndi m'nkhwawa zazing'onoting'ono, m'maenje, m'madziwe amtchire, m'madziwe ndi mitundu yambiri yamadziwe osakhalitsa kapena osakhalitsa omwe alibe mayendedwe akuluakulu, kuphatikizaponso maiwe omwe anthu adakumba.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe chule la mitengo amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe chule uyu adya.
Kodi kudya achule ndi chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chule wamba
Achule ambiri amakhala herbivores pomwe ali tadpoles. Akuluakulu ndi osavulaza ndipo amadya zobiriwira zazing'ono monga njenjete, ntchentche, nyerere, crickets ndi kafadala. Mitundu ikuluikulu imadyanso nyama zazing'ono monga mbewa.
Achule a mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zina amakhala pansi pazoyala panja usiku kuti agwire tizilombo omwe amakopeka ndi kuwala, komanso amatha kugwira nyama yayikulu pansi, kuphatikiza mbewa. Milandu ya mileme akugwira pakhomo la phangawo yatchulidwanso.
Achule a imvi akuluakulu amadyera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Nkhupakupa, akangaude, nsabwe, nkhono ndi ulesi ndi chakudya chawo chodziwika bwino. Nthawi zina amathanso kudya achule ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo achule ena a mitengo. Amakhala osaka usiku ndikusaka nkhalango zowirira pamitengo ndi zitsamba. Pokhala ma tadpoles, amadya algae ndi organic detritus yomwe imapezeka m'madzi.
Achule a mitengo yofiira ndi azisamba amene amadya usiku. Mtundu wobiriwira wa chule chokhala ndi maso ofiira umalola kuti ubisike pakati pamasamba amitengo, kudikirira kuoneka kwa tizilombo kapena tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono. Achule amtundu wofiirira amadya nyama iliyonse yomwe imakodzera pakamwa pawo, koma zakudya zawo zomwe amapeza nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi cori, njenjete, ntchentche, ziwala, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale achule ang'onoang'ono.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Chule cha mitengo
Achule ambiri achimuna ndi amtunda ndipo amateteza malo awo mofuula. Mitundu ina imatetezanso madera awo pomazula zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi amuna ena. Achule a mitengo ya Gray - kowonera usiku. Zilibe ntchito m'maenje a mitengo, pansi pa khungwa, m'matamba owola, pansi pa masamba komanso pansi pa mizu yamitengo. Usiku, amafunafuna tizilombo pamitengo, pomwe imatha kukwera molunjika kapena kusuntha molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito mapilo osinthika mwapadera pamapazi awo.
Maso a achule a maso ofiira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa mantha, otchedwa machitidwe. Masana, chule imadzibisalira, ndikusunthira thupi lake pansi pa tsamba kuti kumbuyo kwake kobiriwira kokha kuwonekere. Chule ikasokonekera, imawala ndi maso ofiira ndikuwonetsa mbali ndi miyendo yake yokongola.Utoto umatha kudabwitsa wolusa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti chule athawe. Mitundu ina ya m'madera otentha ndi yoopsa, chobisala ndi chisangalalo chokhacho chimateteza chule wa mtengo wakhungu.
Chochititsa chidwi: Achule amaso owoneka ngati ofiira amagwiritsa ntchito kugwedeza kuti athe kulumikizana. Amuna amanjenjemera ndikugwedeza masamba kuti ayimire gawo ndikukopa zazikazi.
Achule a mitengo yobiriwira ndi amanyazi, ndipo ambiri aiwo salekerera akamagwiridwa bwino (ngakhale atakhala zaka zambiri ali muukapolo ena amakula kuvomera izi). Kwa achule ambiri, kufalikira kumawadzetsa nkhawa, zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lawo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chule chaufa
Kuchulukana kwa achule a mitengo yobiriwira kumayambira patangotha nthawi yachisanu ndipo kumatha mu Julayi; nsombazi zimapezeka pakati pa Epulo ndi pakati pa Meyi. Malo okulera ndi maiwe ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi masamba ophuka bwino, pomwe achule akuluakulu amabwerera pambuyo posamukira mpaka 3-4 km kutalika. Matenga amapezeka usiku. Chophatikizira chokhacho (kuyambira 800 mpaka 1000 mazira) chimachitika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe atapachikidwa pamadzi othandizira (chomera kapena mtengo). Tadpole metamorphoses imachitika patatha miyezi itatu. Achule ang'onoang'ono amayamba kusiya madzi, ngakhale kuti matayala awo anali asanathe.
Achule a mitengo amatulutsa kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Iwo, monga mitundu ina ya achule, amalekerera kutentha. Masana, achule awa amakhalabe pamitengo yozungulira dziwe. Madzulo, amuna amawaitana kuchokera kumitengo ndi zitsamba, koma kulowa dziwe atapeza mnzake. Zachikazi zimayikira mazira pafupifupi 2000 m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a 10 mpaka 40, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zomerazo. Mazira amaswa mkati mwa masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, ndipo amasintha kukhala masisamba 40-60 patatha masiku ambiri kuwaswa.
Chule chokhala ndi maso ofiira kuchokera mu Okutobala mpaka Marichi. Amuna amayesa kukopa zazikazi kudzera mu "zopindika" zawo. Akangopeza chachikazi chawo, amamenya nkhondo ndi achule ena kuti athe kugwira miyendo yakumbuyo ya wamkazi. Akazi amayamba kutsamira pansi pa tsamba, pomwe amuna enawo amayesa kumukutira. Yaikazi ndi yomwe imasunga kulemera kwa achule onse, kuphatikiza yomwe yaphatikiza ndi iye pomwe akumenya nkhondo.
Kenako amatenga nawo mbali m'ndondomeko yotchedwa amplexus, pomwe okwatirana amakangamira pansi pansi pamadzi. Yaikaziyo imayikira mazira pansi pa tsamba, kenako yamphodza. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala wopanda madzi ndipo amagwera ndi mnzake mu dziwe. Kuchokera pamenepa, mwamunayo ayenera kumugwira, mwina angamutaye chifukwa cha chule wina.
Mazira akangokuluka, nthenga zimagwera m'madzi, pomwe zimasanduka achule. Nthawi zambiri ma tadpoles sakhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha nyama zambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi. Zomwe zimapulumuka zimayamba kukhala achule a mitengo ndi maso ofiira. Akadzakhala achule, amasamukira kumitengo ndi achule ena onse ofiira, komwe amakhala moyo wawo wonse.
Adani achule achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Chule cha mitengo
Achule a mitengo amakhalabe bwino, ngakhale atalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi nyama monga:
Njoka ndizofunikira kwambiri zodya mitengo ya achule. Amakonda kugwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zam'madzi m'malo mojambula, chifukwa amakana kutetezedwa komwe achule ambiri amakhala nako. Kuphatikiza apo, njoka zambiri ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino omwe amatha kukwera mitengo ngati achule a mitengo. Njoka za agalu (Pantherophis sp.) Ndi mitengo ya mitengo (Corallus sp.) Ndi zina mwa mitundu yomwe imakonda kudya achule.
Ma nyemba, agwape ndi agologolo amadya achule a mitengo. Masomphenya achidwi ndi osasinthika a nyamayi amathandizira kupeza ndikuwongolera nyama za amphibians. Nthawi zina achule amagwidwa pamitengo, koma nthawi zambiri amagwidwa akasamukira kumalo osungirako ndi mosinthanitsa. Pali mtundu umodzi wa batu womwe nthawi zambiri umatsogolera achule, omwe amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya sumu poyitanitsa kamodzi kokha.
Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maso abwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupezanso achule a mtengo owoneka bwino kwambiri. Blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata), owgs (Strix sp.) Ndi akambuku ofiira (Buteo lineatus) ndi mitundu yomwe imakonda kudya achule a mitengo.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti achule ambiri, kuphatikiza achule a mitengo, amakhala gawo loyamba la moyo wawo m'madzi munthawi ya nthenga. Pakadali pano, anyani ena, tizilombo, ndipo koposa zonse, nsomba zimawadyera. Achule ambiri, monga achule amtundu wamtundu (Hyla versicolor), amapewera kulambitsidwa ndi ana awo mwa kuyikira mazira awo m'madzi okha popanda nsomba, monga zimbudzi zazakanthawi. Achule ena, monga achule obiriwira (Hyla cinerea), salimbana ndi kukakamizidwa kwa nsomba pazifukwa zomwe sizimamveka bwino.
Zilomboto za achule odabwitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala mileme, njoka, mbalame, kadzidzi, tarantulas ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono. Achule a mitengo amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yawo yowoneka bwino ngati njira yodzitetezera kuti akweretse adani awo (utoto wowopsa). Pomwe nyama zomwe zimadyera zikugwiritsa ntchito maso awo kusaka, pomwe maso awo agwera nyama, nthawi zambiri zimachita chidwi ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe, chule cha mtengo wofiirawo chinali choyambirira, "chithunzi chake chamatsenga" chatsalira.
Chochititsa chidwi: Achule ambiri amakhala ndi ziwalo zokongola (zamtambo, zachikaso, zofiira) za thupi, monga ma paws kapena maso. Ngati zilombo ziziwopseza, mwadzidzidzi zimayang'ana madera achikuda kuti amuwope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chule lizituluka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi chule ndi mitengo yanji?
Achule a mitengo, omwe amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yoposa 700 padziko lonse lapansi, amakhala kumadera ambiri kumpoto, Central ndi South America, komanso ku Australia ndi New Guinea. Pakalepo, achule akhala ali chizindikiro cha mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe kapena kuwonongeka kwake komwe kukubwera. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kwatsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zikuwopseza achule a mitengo yofiirira zimaphatikizapo kuyipitsidwa ndi mankhwala kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mvula ya asidi ndi feteleza, maonekedwe a olimbana ndi alendo komanso kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono kwa radiation ya ultraviolet chifukwa chakuchepetsa gawo la ozone, lomwe lingawononge mazira osalimba. Ngakhale chule wamaso ofiira sakhala pachiwopsezo, nyumba yake yomwe ili m'mvula imakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse.
Kutentha kwapadziko lonse, kudula mitengo kwa nyengo, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi mlengalenga, kutulutsa kwa madambo komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa achule a mitengo ofiira m'nkhalango zotentha za Central ndi South America.
Kuchulukana kwa mitengo yobiriwira, monga achule ambiri, akucheperachepera masiku ano. Mtunduwu umakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo umatha kukhala zaka zoposa 20. Chifukwa cha moyo wautali, kuchepa kwa anthu kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka zingapo. Akuluakulu amawonedwa ndi kumamvedwa pafupipafupi, koma achule ochepa.
Woyang'anira chule
Chithunzi: Red Book Frog
Zochita zazikulu pokonzanso chisamaliro cha achule a mitengo cholinga chake ndikuwongolera ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yofunikira, yayitali yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuyambira pakatikati mpaka yayikulu m'malo osungiramo malo osungirako dzuwa kapena kusungitsa malo osungirako apakatikati ndi akulu omwe ali ndi masamba akuluakulu am'madzi ndi malo osaya. Madzi amayenera kukonzedwa ngati kuli kofunikira, mwachitsanzo, pakusamalira kayendedwe ka madzi, kudula m'mphepete kapena kuchotsa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nsomba kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti nsomba zikukula kwambiri.
Kupititsa patsogolo madziwa kuyenera kukhazikitsanso madzi apansi panthaka komanso madambo, komanso kusamalira ndi kukonza madambo komanso madambo akuluakulu, komanso kupanga madera obwerera. Mitengo yonse ya achule a pachaka sayenera kudutsana kapena kungokhala misewu yambiri.
Pamalo oyenera pomwe achule amapezeka, maiwe okumba atha kukumbidwa kuti awonjezere malo ena owberekera. Ngakhale maiwe owumba atha kukhala malo ena owonjezerapo, sayenera kuonedwa ngati m'malo mwa maiwe achilengedwe omwe alipo kale. Kusungidwa kwa malo okhala ndi khomo kuyenera kukhala koyambirira kwambiri pakusunga achule a mitengo.
Chule cha mitengo - Uku ndikuwona kochepa kuchokera ku chule yemwe amakhala moyo wake pam mitengo. Achule enieni a mitengo amakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango m'malo otentha padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale achule a mitengo amatha kukula mpaka kukula osiyanasiyana, mitundu yambiri imakhala yochepa kwambiri chifukwa amadalira masamba ndi nthambi zopyapyala kuti azitha kulemera.