Ma gorali amakhala malo apakati pakati pa mbuzi ndi anthambo ndipo zimakhala ndi zonse ziwiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 120 cm, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 75 cm, ndipo kulemera kumayambira 40 mpaka 45 kg. Nyanga zakuthwa mpaka 18c cm zimapezeka zazimuna ndi zazikazi. Mtundu wa malaya umakhala wofiirira, nthawi zina imvi, kummero kokha, maziko ndi nsonga ya mchirayo ndizopepuka.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
M'mbuyomu, gul la Amur limadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Himalayan (Naemorhedus goral), osati kale kwambiri kuti adadzipatula pawokha. Ku Russia, malire akumtunda kwa mapiri a Amur akudutsa. Amapezeka ku Khabarovsk ndi Primorsky Territories, amakhala ku Sikhote Alin, pomwe unyinji wa anthu umakhazikika pagombe kuchokera ku Cape Ostrovnoy kupita ku Cape Belkin. Mapiri a Amur amapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 500 mpaka 2000 pamtunda wa nyanja, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala okwera kwambiri. Kunja kwa Russia, mapiri adalembedwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, North ndi South Korea. Malo omwe mumakonda zinyama ndi mitengo itatuyikulu, yabwino komanso yosakanikirana. M'mapiri, phiri la Amur limamatira kumapiri amkungudza.
Moyo
Amur Goral ndi nyama yokhazikika pamtunda yomwe imakonda kukhala yaying'ono yaying'ono kuyambira 4 mpaka 12. Kumutu, monga lamulo, ndi mtsogoleri wazaka wazambiri. Nyamazo zimagwira ntchito kwambiri mbandakucha kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Mapiri a Amur amafika pakutha msinkhu wazaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Nthawi yakukhwima imagwera nthawi yozizira kwambiri pachaka - chiyambi cha dzinja. Akazi amayembekeza kuti khandalo liziwonekera kwa miyezi pafupifupi isanu ndi umodzi, kumapeto kwa kasupe gulu la ng'ombe limadzazidwanso ndi mamembala atsopano. Mwezi woyamba wa moyo wawo, ana amakonda kukhala m'malo otetezeka, ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kupita paulendo ndi gulu lawo. Yaikazi imadyetsa mwanawo kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mpaka isanu ndi itatu.
Gorals amadya zakudya zamasamba: masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba, udzu watsopano wokhala ndi madzi, nyemba, bowa, mtedza, ndi zipatso zina. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama ndi zaka 15.
Ndizosangalatsa
Dzina lachi Latin loti "goral naemorhedus" limachokera ku mawu nemus - "grove", "nkhalango" ndi haedus - "mwana", zomwe zikuwonetsa malo okhala m'nkhalango mwa nkhokwezi. Koma dzina lenileni "goral" labwera kwa ife kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha India.
Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimasowa mwanjira zapadera zomwe zimateteza mwadzidzidzi.
Chakumapeto kwa m'ma 1970, chiwerengero chonse cha mapiri a Amur ku Russia chinali nyama 750. Pakadali pano pafupifupi pafupifupi 900 amakhala ku Primorsky Territory, pafupifupi 90% mwaiwo ali m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Ma gorali a Amur amatetezedwa ku malo a Sikhote-Alin, malo a Lazovsky, m'malo osungira a Zheleznyavsky, komanso m'malo ena oteteza zachilengedwe. Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa ndi Mndandanda Wapadziko Lonse, koma kukula kwenikweni kwa anthu padziko lapansi sikunakhazikitsidwe.
Vuto lalikulu la mapiri a Amur ndikulephera kwawo kusinthasintha mwachangu kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Nyengo yozizira kwambiri yozizira komanso yotentha, chilimwe chouma chimatha kukhala chowopsa kwa nyama. Chiyeso chovuta kwambiri ndikuphimba kwa chipale chofewa. Imasokoneza kwambiri ntchito yofunafuna chakudya ndipo imasokoneza mayendedwe achilendo a gorilla. Choopseza china chaanthu ndi epizootic. Kuchokera kumbali ya anthu, chinthu chachikulu cholepheretsa chiwembu ndi kuba.
Kapangidwe ka thupi la phiri la Amur
Zinyama zazing'onoting'ono, kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 100 mpaka 130 cm, kutalika kufota 70-90 cm. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chigaza kuyambira 172 mpaka 214 mm. Kulemera mpaka 48 kg.
Nyumbayi siinayende bwino chifukwa imakumbukira mbuzi. Thupi lalikulu lokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, lopendekera limapumira pa miyendo yayifupi, m'malo mwake. Mbiri yakumbuyo imakhala yowongoka kapena yokhotakhota, nthawi zina sacrum imachitika pang'onopang'ono kufota. Mutu sunalemera, kupaka ma koni owoneka ngati kutsogolo kwa maso, koma kumapeto. Kaliro wammphuno (malo opanda kumapeto kwa chizungulire) umapangidwa bwino kuposa mbuzi ndi nkhosa zamphongo, umatenga malo ambiri pakati pamphuno, umafika m'mphepete chakumapeto, komanso umatambasulidwa ngati kamtunda kakang'ono pakati pakati pa milomo yapamwamba. Mlomo wapamwamba, kupatula kamtunda wakachetechete, umakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Maso ndi ang'ono, akuwonekera pang'ono kumbali, iris ndi yakuda. Makutu ndi aatali, 12-14 masentimita, osachepera theka la kutalika kwa mutu.
Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nyanga. Maziko ake amapezeka kumbuyo kwa zitsulo zamaso, mawonekedwe ake amapindika kumbuyo. Gawo la mtanda ndi lozungulira, lokhala ndi girth m'makoma pafupifupi 8-11 masentimita, likuwonetsedwa kumapeto kwa lipenga. Mtunda pakati pa zoyambira zawo sapitirira 1-1.5 cm. Kutalika kwa nyanga zaimuna kumayambira 16 mpaka 19-20 masentimita, mwa akazi ndi ofupikirako komanso owonda. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Pamwamba pa nyangayo pamakhala mbali ziwiri mwa zitatu za maziko ndipo mumakhala mphete zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi pafupi, ndiye kuti pamwamba pa lipenga ndi yosalala. Kuchuluka kwa mphete kumawonjezeka ndi zaka, koma sizingakhale gawo lenileni la zaka.
Khosi limakhala lalifupi ndipo, chifukwa cha chovalacho lalitali, limawoneka ngati lakuda, limasungika moyang'ana bata. Malingowo ndi ofupikirako, makamaka pansi pa malo ojambulidwa ndi carpal ndi hock. Kutalika kwa ziboda m'mphepete mwa kutsogolo kumayambira 33 mpaka 40 mm, kumbuyo mikono 2-5 mm zochepa, kutalika kuchokera kumphepete kwakumbuyo kwa zopondera pang'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa miyendo yakutsogolo 47-58 mm, kumbuyo kwa 42-52 mm. Zowonjezera zowonjezera ndizambiri, pafupifupi 20-25 mm. Mchirawo ndi wautali poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya subfamily, kutalika kwake kopanda tsitsi ndi 11-19 cm, ndi tsitsi mpaka 46 cm, ndi tsitsi lophimbidwa kuchokera kumtunda kuyambira pansi mpaka pansi.
Kukhazikika ndi kugawa mapiri a Amur
Pazinthu zakale, zotsalira zogwirizana ndi zamakono zamakono sizinadziwike mpaka posachedwapa. Mitundu, ndipo nthawi zina kuyanjana kwa Pleistocene kuchokera ku China sikunakhazikitsidwe. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chomwe wolemba adalemba kuchokera ku Amur Regional Museum of Local Lore, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pakufukula malo okhala zakale, mafupa a paphiripo adapezeka m'malo akumapiri a Upper Amur - Khingano-Arkharinsky ndi Mazanovsky. Tsoka ilo, zaka za zigawo kapena malo omwe izi zidapangidwira sizikudziwika kwa ine.
Pakadali pano, mndandanda wamapiri a Amur umaphatikizapo gawo lakumwera kwa Far East, Korea, komanso zigawo zakumadzulo, chapakati komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China: Sichuan, Yunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, komanso Burma kupita ku Arakan.
Biology ndi chikhalidwe cha mapiri a Amur
Biology ya Amur goral siphunziridwa bwino, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso malo okhala ovuta kufikira. Kufalikira kwa chirombochi kulumikizidwa mosasinthika ndi malo amiyala. Ku China, phirili mumakhala nsonga zazitali kwambiri. Phiri lomwe limakhala lolowera komanso losafikika, limakondedwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse limayamba kukhala phirilo. M'mamawa kwambiri ndi kumapeto kwa usiku anthu opita kumapiri amatha kusiya miyala yamiyala kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti adyetse malo omwe ali ndi udzu, pafupi ndi malo awo okhala.
Malo abwino kwambiri pamoyo wa ma gorali ndi malo amiyala yam'nyanja omwe adasunga dzinali kuti "aulesi", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti miyala. Apa, m'miyala iyi yamiyala, ma gorala amapeza moyo wabwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, pakati pamatanthwe pali malo opanda matalala ndi dzuwa komwe kumayambira kotentha. Pali malo odalirika osakwaniritsidwa ndi nkhandwe ndipo sivuta kufikira osaka. Nyama zazing'ono zimasungidwa bwino pano, ndipo achikulire akupulumuka kuthawa kwa adani.
Amur goral
Amur goral
Amur Goral, woimira ma bovid, ndi nyama yosowa komanso yosangalatsa.
Magulu ochepa okha komanso ochepa a ma Amur agor kummwera ndi pakati Primorye ndi omwe adapulumuka ku Russian Federation. Amur goral ankakhala m'miyala yamapiri a Sikhote-Alin ndipo anali nyama yosaka nyama kum'mwera kwa Far East. Mankhwala achi China adagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zake zonse - kuyambira nyanga ndi ziboda mpaka magazi ndi nyama. Chifukwa chake, khosi la Amur lidazunzidwa kwambiri, kuwedza kwake kosadukiza kudatsogolera kukuchepetsedwa koopsa, ndipo chilombocho chidatsala pang'ono kutha. Kuletsa kokhwima kokha kosodza kwa phiri la Amur ndi bungwe lazosungirako sikunaletse kufafanizika kwathunthu.
Tsopano a Amur goral akukhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Japan pakati pa Terney ndi Taviz, magulu angapo akutali a nyamayi amasungidwa kumwera kwa Primorye - m'boma la Lazovsky.Malo ambiri amakono ndi gawo la malo a Sudzukhinsky ndi Sikhote-Alinsky. Mapiri onse a Amur ku Far East sapitilira nyama 300.
Kunja, gululi la Amur limafanana ndi mbuzi yaing'ono yokhala ndi miyendo ifupi. Ichi ndi nyama yokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, mafupa olimba komanso mchira wautali, wolimba kwambiri. Mtundu umasiyana kwambiri, kuyambira kuwala kowala, pafupifupi koyera, mpaka imvi kapena bulauni. Pakhosi pali malo oyera oyera, amuna amuna akutsika pachifuwa. Lamba wamdima watambasuka m'mbali mwake. Achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala achikuda. Wamphongo wamkulu wafika kutalika kwa masentimita 161 ndipo akulemera kuposa ma kilogalamu 30. Monga nthumwi zina za mapiri am'mapiri, gululi la Amur lili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwawo kosatekeseka pakati pa malo otsetsereka, poyala ndi miyala. imapereka chilombocho ndi chodalirika pa miyala yosalala, nthawi zina yovuta kwambiri.
Tsopano ma gorala a Amur nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mu gawo lachitatu, awa ndi miyala yamiyala yodulidwa ndi mitsinje yakuya. Kutalika kwa zitunda za m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa mamita 600 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Zakudya za phiri la Amur ndizosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 60 yamitengo yamtchire, shrubby ndi herbaceous - thundu, birch, linden, elderberry, mphesa zamtchire, chowonda, sorelo, vetch, clover-mariannik, buzulnik, angelica, geranium, mytnik, anyezi, mabelu ndi ena ambiri . Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, pomwe chiwerengero cha phiri la Amur chinali chachikulu, pakati pamiyalayo panali ziweto pafupifupi 20-25 za nyama. Tsopano palibe ng'ombe zazikulu ngati izi. Nthawi zambiri, mapiriwa amatenga timagulu tating'ono tomwe timakhala chachikazi ndi chachimuna komanso m'modzi kapena awiri. Nthawi zina mutha kukumana ndi gulu la anthu 7-8, mutakhala magulu awiri abanja. Pakutha kwa kuphulika kwa ng'ombe, izi zimaswanirana, pamene akazi oyembekezera amasiya achichepere chaka chatha ndikuyamba kufunafuna malo obisalako kuti aberekane.
Chakumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, pambuyo pa miyezi 8-8,5, mayi amabereka mwana, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ana awiri. Pazaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, achinyamata pafupifupi samasiyana ndi akuluakulu ndikuyamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kutha msambo, kumachitika mwa iwo, mwachidziwikire, pambuyo pake, popeza anthu akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amachita nawo miyambo imeneyi.
Chizindikiro cha phiri la Amur ndikuchedwa kwake. Nyama zimayenda pang'onopang'ono m'malo osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimayima ndikumvetsera. Nthawi yomweyo, liwiro lomwe nyama zimasokonekera limadabwitsa. Iwo mosavuta, popanda kuthamanga poyambira, amalumpha pamiyala yayikulu ndi zowongolera, kudumpha mpaka mamita awiri kutalika ndikuyimilira mbali yaying'ono yamwala ndi miyendo yonse inayi. Pansi mapiri a Amur amachokera kutalika kwa 8-10 metres. Pamalo opingasa, amatha kudumpha angapo 5-5.3 metres pamzere popanda kuthamanga. Pakapita phazi kapena pamtunda kwambiri, makamaka matalala, Amur goral imayenda mosasunthika ndipo imakhala yosavuta kwa adani. Pokhala wokwiya, amathamangira kumalo osungirako opulumutsa, komwe amakhala osagonjetseka ndi adani. Mwa adani a galu la Amur mutha kutcha nkhandwe, nyalugwe ndi lynx. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mitundu iwiri yomaliza ndi kochepa, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mimbulu ku Primorye m'zaka zaposachedwa kumayambitsa nkhawa.
Panthawi ina, panali malingaliro akuti phiri la Amur linali mtundu wosapangika, wopulumuka. Izi zidafotokozera kuchepetsedwa mwachangu kwa magulu ake. Komabe, ntchito yomwe idachitika zaka zaposachedwa ndi G. F. Bromley, K. G. Abramov. O. V. Bendland, ndi zomwe tawona zikutsimikizira motsimikiza kuti ndikutetezedwa kwabwino komanso ndewu yolimbana ndi mimbulu phiri silimatha, kuwonjezera apo, chiwerengero chake chikuyamba kukula.
Mapiri a Amur amadya
Zakudya za phiri la Amur ndizosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira koyambilira kwa nyengo yam'mawa mpaka Meyi, nkhalango ndizomwe zimapanga chakudya, zomwe K. G. Abramov amati, lanceolate sedge ndiyofunika kwambiri. M'chilimwe, goral amadya fescue, Woodruff, njati, pleikrantus, vetch ndi zitsamba zina, komanso msungu, Woodpecker, masamba ndi mphukira zamitengo yamitengo: mphesa za Amur, thundu, linden, phulusa la Manchurian ndi zina. M'dzinja, amadya ma acorns, masamba agwera mitengo, udzu wouma. Udzu wouma, limodzi ndi chakudya cha nkhuni ndi nthambi, zimapanga maziko azakudya za nyengo yachisanu. Mwa zakudya zina, gorala amatchedwa mitengo ya kuni ndi algae.
Chifukwa chachakudya chopezeka, kusuntha kwa ma gorali kumaonedwa. Kumayambiriro koyambira, amakwera malo otsetsereka, pomwe masamba obiriwira amawonekera koyambirira. M'dzinja, mbewu zikafa m'mapiri, nyamazo zimapita kukadyetsa malo otsetsereka, komwe chakudya chobiriwira chimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kubadwa kwa Mapiri a Amur
Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimadziwika pobzala gombe la Amur. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala awiriawiri mu Seputembala. Mwina pa nthawi ino pali kuthamanga. Ku Far East, zazikazi zimabweretsa zambiri kuposa chimodzi, nthawi zambiri ziwiri zimamezedwa kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena theka loyamba la June. Pobereka ng'ombe, malo osakanika kwambiri m'matanthwe amasankhidwa. Zoti moyo wamtchire sizikudziwika. Ku London Zoological Garden, a girala wamwamuna amakhala zaka 17, miyezi 7 ndi masiku 23.
Onani - Amur Goral
Buku:
1.II. Sokolov "Fauna wa USSR, Ungulates" Publishing House of the Academy of Science, Moscow, 1959.
Tanthauzo
- Ziphuphu sizosiyana kwambiri ndi mbuzi zapakhomo monga. Thupi limatalika mpaka 100 cm.Mtanda wolemedwa umasiyanasiyana pakati pa 35-40 kg. Mwa anthu amodzi mwa gulu lotereli, losalala ndi ubweya wokhazikika, limakhala lalitali, nthawi yotentha limakhala losowa. Mtundu, mapiri amatha kukhala oyera, ofiira komanso ofiira.
- Khalidwe lodziwika bwino limawonedwa ngati miyendo yayikulu komanso yayikulu, yomwe imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, mwachitsanzo, ndi thupi lonse. Malinga ndi kukula kwake, maso ndi ochepa: osaphunzira ndi okulirapo, amawongoleredwa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Makutu amatalika kutalika pamaso pa 13 cm.
- Nyanga zamtundu wa arc, zimakhala ndi utoto wamtundu wakuda kapena wakuda. Gawo lakumwamba lakuthwa, kukhala lofanana ndi chulu. Ziboda ndizochepa, zimakupatsani mwayi woyenda mozungulira mozungulira miyala ndi malo ena osakhazikika. Nyama zimamva kuluka kwambiri Amen, motero zili ndi manja ndi miyendo ndipo sikuti zimagwera.
- Zakugawidwa, anthuwa amakonda malo amiyala yamapiri (malo). Amapezeka ku China, Russia, Korea ndi Burma. M'mbuyomu, gawo lalikulu la anthu lidabalalitsidwa pafupi ndi Khabarovsk ndi Primorsky Territory. Pakadali pano pali mapiri ochepa.
Zinthu ndi malo okhala phirili
Chinyama chomwe chimadziwika ndi dzina lonyada "zamakhalidwe", Zofanana kwambiri ndi mbuzi yodziwika bwino yomwe aliyense waziona ndi kuzidziwa. Komabe, ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, kusiyana kumawonekera.
M'malo mwake, ndi mtundu womwe uli mtanda pakati pa antelope ndi mbuzi. Ngati mungaganizire Zithunzi, mutha kuwona kuti nyanga zake ndi mchira wake ndizosiyana.
Thupi la artiodactyl limafikira 118 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakula mpaka 75 cm kufota. Imatha kulemera kuyambira 32 mpaka 42 kg. Zodzikongoletsera zimakhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira, imvi kapena lofiira. Pansipa ya munthu wokongola pali "gulugufe" wa ubweya woyera, m'munsi mwa mchirawo mulinso mtundu wowala.
Mchira womwewo umakula mpaka 18 cm ndipo umakongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, ngati tsitsi.Akazi onse amuna ndi akazi amadzitama ndi nyanga zakuda m'mbali mwake. Nyanga 13 mpaka 18 cm.
Ndikosavuta kuyitcha nyamazo kukhala zoonda, komabe, thupi lawo loonda sililepheretsa kuyenda molakwika komanso mwachangu. Komanso, amakwera mosavuta m'malo omwe munthu amatha kungokwawa.
Mapiri aliwonse amakhala ndi tinthu tambiri tambiri, nthawi zina njira za nyama izi zimadutsa m'matanthwe otsetsereka, pomwe zimawoneka kuti palibe malo oti nkuikapo phazi, koma "wokwera "yu amagwiritsa ntchito kaphokoso kakang'ono, kaphokoso kakang'ono kukafika pamwamba.
Pamiyala, nyama zimayenda molimba khoma lamwala, lomwe limakwera pafupifupi. Kuchokera pamenepo nthawi zambiri mbali zonse za phirilo zidafufutidwa.
Koma ndi chipale chofewa, dodger iyi imakhala yosatetezeka ngakhale pamalo athyathyathya. Apa ali wofooka komanso wovuta - galu aliyense angamugwire mosavuta. Kukongola kumakhala ku Russia, adakhazikika ku Burma, pachilumba cha Korea, ku China.
Ndiwabwino kwa iye kumadera oyandikira pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Amur, pa Bureya Range. Mosakhalitsa adadziunjikira ndikukhala m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Sikhote -Alinsky.
Mitundu ya Phiri
Zanyama zazinyama zimakhala ndi mitundu inayi yokha:
Himalayan Goral. Gala la Himalayan ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake kufota kumafikira anthu ena 70. Nyama iyi yokhala ndi miyendo yolimba, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyipa, ili ndi undercoat yayikulu kwambiri. Kumbuyo kumbuyo, amuna amakhala ndi chisa.
The Himalayan, ili ndi mitundu iwiri - ya bulauni komanso ya imvi. Khosi lotuwa limakhala ndi utoto wamafuta ofiira, ndipo bulauniyo limakhala utoto wonyezimira.
Himalayan Goral
Chitibetan goral. Mitundu yocheperako kwambiri, yomwe ili pangozi. Khosi ili silokulirapo, kutalika kwa kufunda kwa mkazi kumafika 60 cm yokha, ndipo kulemera kwake sikoposa 30 kg. Ndiyenera kunena kuti mumtunduwu, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Amuna alibe, koma nyanga zake ndizopindika.
Nyama izi zili ndi chovala chowoneka bwino - chidakutidwa ndi tsitsi la bulauni, kumbuyo kumakhala kwamtundu wakuda, koma m'mimba, chifuwa ndi mmero ndizowala. Achinyamata, kuphatikiza apo, amakongoletsedwanso ndi malo oyera pamphumi pawo. Zowona, kuti pakapita nthawi, "kukongola" kotereku kumatha.
Chitibetan goral
East Goral. Mitundu yambiri yamtundu imafanana ndi mbuzi. Ali ndi thupi lolimba, tsitsi lake limachita imvi, ndipo kumbuyo kwa msana kumakhala mzere wakuda. Tsitsi ndi lopepuka pakhosi. Mtunduwu umakondweretsa nyanga zake - ndi zazifupi komanso zowongoka.
Mu chithunzi, mmero wam'mawa
Amur goral olembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Kutalika kwa kufota kumafika masentimita 80, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafikira pafupifupi 50 kg. Ili ndi chovala chakuda chofiirira kapena chofiirira. Imapakidwa bwino bwino - pali malo oyera pachifuwa, milomo imakhalanso "yotsitsidwa" yoyera, pansi pamchira pali mtundu woyera ndipo ngakhale pali "masokosi" oyera.
Mu chithunzi, Amur Goral
Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha phirili
Khalidwe la nyama zamitundu yosiyana ndizosiyana. Ma gorali a Himalayan amasonkhana m'gulu la ng'ombe, omwe amatha kuphatikizira anthu 12. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama iliyonse yochokera ku khola imayenderana. Zowona, wamwamuna akafika paunyamata, amakonda kukhala yekha.
Osakonda kwambiri tsiku lowala, lotentha, ntchito zake zimachitika m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo. Komabe, ngati tsiku ndi lamtambo kapena ladzuwa, phirili silimangokhala chabe.
Koma nthawi ya dzuwa samasuntha. Amasankha malo abwino kupumula, mabodza ndipo, kuphatikiza, ndi masamba ozungulira. Kuzindikira ndizovuta kwambiri. Agalati a ku Tibet amakonda kukhala okha. Amathanso kusonkhana m'magulu, koma kuchuluka kwawo ndizochepa kwambiri.
Nyama izi ndizoyenda. Sangakhale malo amodzi nthawi zonse. Nyengo iliyonse amasintha malo. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamazo zimanyengedwa ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amapezeka kumtunda wapamwamba, ndipo nthawi yozizira ikamatha, imatsikira pansi pa chipale chofewa.
East Gorals ndi okwera kwenikweni. Pangozi yake, amakwera mosavuta ndikukwera miyala ngati imeneyi, pomwe nyama zina sizingafikiridwe. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (zolinga za 4-6), okalamba amachoka ndikukakhala padera.
M'chilimwe, zazikazi zazikazi ndi ana mbuzi zimakhala mosiyana. Mapiri a Amur nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala okha, ngakhale pali magulu ang'onoang'ono. Akakumana ndi zoopsa zimachoka m'matanthwe, komwe amakhala wotetezeka.
Sankhani moyo wongokhala. Nyama sizitha kutetezedwa ndi mano, ndipo nyanga zake sizitali. Amadziteteza kwa adani ndi mokweza mawu, koma zikakhala kuti sizithandiza, amawanyamula m'miyala ikuluikulu.
Komanso sasinthidwa kuti azithamanga kwa nthawi yayitali - alibe miyendo yayitali, ndipo matupi awo sakupepuka. Koma amatha kudumpha kutalika kwa 3 mita. Madzi oundana omwe amakhala m'chipale chofewa amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chipale chofewa, ngati mawonekedwe ake ali oposa 25 cm, amapewa.
Pakati pa anthu amtundu wawo sasonyezana udani. Mosiyana ndi izi, nyama izi nthawi zonse zimachenjezana za zoopsa (zimatulutsa), anyaniwa amapeza chakudya ndikuitanira ena mgululi kuti adzadye nkhomaliro.
Nthawi zambiri, gulu limodzi la gorali limakumana ndi gulu lina, koma palibe chidziwitso chomvana. Zowona, nthawi ya mwambo, abambo amakangana ndewu, koma izi ndi mwambo kuposa kufuna kuthana ndi mdani.
Kuchepetsa zinthu
Kubala kwakhosi ndikokwera kwambiri, koma kunyamuka kwa nyama zaka zapakati pa 0,5-1,5 kumafika pafupifupi 36%. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma gorali ndi kuwathetsa kwawo ndi anthu komanso kusintha kwa malo awo. Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe a goral ndi mimbulu (kuwononga kuchokera 3 mpaka 18%), ma lynxes ndi nyalugwe. Harz ndi mphungu zimadyera ana.
Malo osungira
Zambiri zolondola sizikupezeka. Mu 1977, pafupifupi golide a 600-750 amakhala ku Far East kwa USSR, pomwe 90% inali m'malo osungirako malo (Lazovsky ndi Sikhote-Alinsky).
Mtundu wachilendo wotetezedwa, walembedwa mu Buku Lofiira la padziko lonse lapansi monga mtundu wokhala pangozi wa gulu I. Ku Russia, lamulo loletsa kusaka ndi kutchera misampha linayambitsidwa mu 1924.
Habitat
Pakadali pano, Gorel amakhala kudera la Primorsky Territory. Koma, palibe kuthekera komveka - amakhala m'magulu angapo ndipo amatha kusintha gawo ngati chakudya chatha. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha malo osasinthika ndichakuti phirili limangosankha dera lamapiri, ndipo, mwachidziwikire, lili kutali ndi kulikonse.
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Kuchepetsa kwa chiwerengero cha nyama ku Russia kunachitika chifukwa cha kupha nyama komanso kuchepetsa madera omwe ali oyenera kukhala kumapiri. Pakadali pano, mbuzi zam'mapirizi zimakhala ku Japan ndi Southeast Asia.
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Mawonekedwe
Amur Goral ndiwofanana kwambiri kukula ndi mawonekedwe ake mbuzi. Chovala chimakhala chakuda bii, koma pafupi ndi khosi kumayamba kuwala, anthu ena nthawi zina amakhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono koyera. Kumbuyo, kungodutsa msana, tsitsi limayamba kuda kwambiri, kotero kuti mzere wakuda ukuonekera bwino.
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Thupi la phirilo linali lozama, pang'ono pansi. Izi ndizomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kukwera mapiri am'mapiri, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amamufanizira ndi mbuzi ya kumapiri.
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Zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna zili ndi nyanga zazifupi, zopindika pang'ono. Pansi amakhala pafupifupi akuda, koma pafupi ndi pamwamba amakhala opepuka. Kutalika kwa lipenga ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi mita, koma unyinji wa mkazi ndi wamwamuna umasiyana pakati pa kilogalamu 32-40.
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Mosiyana ndi nyama zina zamtunduwu, mtundu wa Amur uli ndi zochepa kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ziboda zamphamvu, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zimveke pansi paziphuphu zonse, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyenda mwachangu komanso motetezeka m'mapiri, ngakhale atatsika mwadzidzidzi.
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Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mpikisano umachitika mu Seputembara - Novembala. Pakadali pano, mapiri amasungika awiriawiri. M'mwezi wa Meyi-June, ana amabadwa. Mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa kwa mayi m'modzi, kawiri kawiri.
Akazi amakonzekera bwino nthawi yobereka. Amasankha malo omwe ali pafupi ndi msipu wabwino, pafupi ndi madzi, komanso osatheka ndi nyama zina - m'mapanga kapena m'miyala.
Anawo akabadwa, mayi samachoka kunyumba, koma tsiku lachiwiri, anawo amatha kutsatira mayiyo mwachangu, ndipo mkaziyo nkuchoka kwawo ndi ana.
Mbuzi zazing'ono mosamala kwambiri zimadumphira pamiyala kumbuyo kwa amayi awo, kutsanzira mayendedwe ake, kudziwana ndi dziko lakunja ndikuyesera kupeza chakudya. Komabe, nthawi yonseyi wamkazi amadyetsa ana mkaka, ndipo kudyetsa koteroko kumapitilira mpaka kugwa.
Ngakhale khanda likakula, iye akuyesabe kuyamwitsa amayi ake - amagwada pansi ndikukwawa pansi pamimba pake, koma mayiyo samayima pamwambo ndi achinyamatawo, amangotsalira.
Ana gorala amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo mpaka nthawi yopuma. Ndipo amafika paunyamata zaka ziwiri zokha za moyo. Moyo wamtchire ndi wochepa kwambiri. Amuna amakhala zaka mpaka 5-6 zokha. Akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 8-10. Koma mikhalidwe yopangidwa mwaluso, moyo wa nyama izi umawonjezeka kufika zaka 18.
Pa chithunzichi, mwana wakhanda
Alonda a Gala
Nyama zopanda chitetezo izi komanso zopanda mwayi zili ndi adani ambiri, ndipo chitetezo ndichofooka. Mwachilengedwe, zimawoneka ngati zosavuta masukulu a mimbulu, kwa chiwombankhanga, ankhandwe, lynx.
Koma choyipa kwambiri ndi munthu. Osati zokhazo, chifukwa chomanga mosalekeza komanso kutukuka kwa malo, malo okhala ma gorale akucheperachepera, kotero munthu akufufuzabe nyamayi.
Anthu achi China komanso achi Tibet amaona kuti kupangika kwa mtembo wonsewo kuchira, anthu aku Udege amagwiritsa ntchito magazi ndi nyanga, ndipo mayiko ena amangopha mbuzi izi chifukwa cha nyama yokoma komanso ubweya wofunda.
Zotsatira zake, mitundu yonse yamatundu amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, kuchuluka kwawo kumadziwika ndipo kumatetezedwa. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe akupangidwira, momwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nyama zonse limapezeka. Ntchito ikupitilira kukonza aviary (Lazovsky Reserve).