Kudumpha Kangaude - Kudumphira pa Champion * Arthropods

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Palibe chodabwitsa kuti kangaude (kapena akangaude) amaonedwa ngati chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kupatula apo, chilengedwe chidayamwitsa nyama izi ndi luso lodabwitsa lomwe silinali lachilendo kwa ophunzira anzawo. Ndiye kodi akangaude awa amatha kuchita chiyani?

Kangaude Wakavalo (Salticidae).

Kangaudeyu akudumphira masentimita 60 ndipo amatha kukwawa pagalasi. "Zosatha" izi zidapereka kutchuka kwa kangaude!

Masomphenya abwino kwambiri komanso malo akuluakulu ogawa amapangitsa kuti akangaude azigonjetseka komanso azikhala osiyana.

Maonekedwe Awembu Wopindika

Osangokhala chifukwa chodumphadumpha wodabwitsa, mutha kuzindikira izi wokongola wa arthropod. Maso akulu akulu asanu ndi atatu, omwe adakonzedwa m'mizere itatu - iyi ndi chinthu chinanso chodabwitsa cha nyama izi. Mothandizidwa ndi maso akulu kwambiri, nyamayo imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu. Mzere wapakati umaimiridwa ndi maso ang'ono ndipo umakhala mkati mwa mutu. Maso akulu akulu ali kumakona kumbuyo kwa mutu.

Maso owala modabwitsa amalola kangaude kuwona chilichonse chozungulira.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe pa thupi la akangaude ndi osiyanasiyana. Mutu wa kangaude ndi wautali, wogawanika ndi poyambira yaying'ono pachifuwa.

Kodi kangaude mumakhala kuti?

Mutha kukumana nawo kulikonse. Malo omwe amakhala kwambiri nkhalango zotentha, mapiri owuma, zipululu komanso mapiri.

Mu 1975, amodzi mwa mitundu ya akangaude awa adapezeka okokuqala pamwamba pa Everest! Akavalo ena ochepa akadaude amakonda kusewera padzuwa, motero amatha kupezeka pamakoma a njerwa. Ndipo zoposa pamenepo: konzekerani kukumana ndi kangaude wavalo ngakhale m'munda! Mu udzu, panthaka, pamitengo ndi m'miyala - akukuyembekezerani kulikonse!

Moyo, Zakudya Zabwino komanso Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe

Izi arthropods zimatsogolera moyo wokonda tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi yambiri imakhala yosaka. Chifukwa cha ntchito yapadera yama hydraulic, amatha kukulitsa miyendo yawo ndikudumphira mtunda wautali. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, akangaude nthawi zonse amadzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi kulumpha polumikizira ulusi wawo wa silika komwe akufuna.

Tsitsi laling'ono ndi zikhadabo za paws zimapatsa kangaude kutha kuyenda mozungulira galasi ndi malo ena oterera. Kangaude uyu amasaka osati monga wina aliyense! Chingwe sichimakhazikitsa maukonde ndipo sichidikirira nyama, chimayang'anitsitsa m'manja mwake ndikusaka ndikudumpha kumene. Kutalika kwa kudumpha kumatha kupitilira kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi nthawi 80.

Kwa anthu, akangaude awa siowopsa konse.

Ndi maso ake owoneka bwino, amawona ngakhale kumbuyo kwake. Asayansi apeza kuti amawona pang'ono. Amazindikira mtunda womwe wofikira ndipo amawerengera bwino momwe angalumphe. Retina mu nyama izi ili mwanjira yachilendo: magulu anayi a maselo ojambula, omwe ali ndi mitundu yobiriwira, amapanga. Mtundu wobiriwira sungathe kuyang'ana kwambiri, chifukwa chake kangaude ndi wopanda pake.

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ndendende chifukwa cha izi zikuwoneka kuti sizabwino, nyama zimatha kuwerengera molondola mtunda wozunzidwayo. Ichi ndi nyama yapadera kwambiri. Njira yofunikirayi pakusaka sikunayambe yagwiritsidwapo ntchito kale, motero patent ingaperekedwe mosamalitsa kwa kangaude.

Hatchi ya kangaude imakhala ndi mwayi wokhoza kuyenda mtunda wautali mothandizidwa ndi kudumpha.

Akavalo amatengedwa ngati oimira kwambiri ma arthropods, popeza kukula kwa ubongo wawo kumagwirizana ndi thupi, monga anthu.

Nyama izi zimadya mwachilengedwe tizilombo.

Zolemba kanema

Apa mutha kuwona momwe nyama zimakhalira, zilombo,
tizilombo, njoka, okhala kunyanja yayikulu, dziko ndi nyanja, nyama, zowona, kanema wonena za zodabwitsa za nyama, kanema wokongola wonena za dziko la nyama zamtchire ndi chilengedwe chake.

Kavalo wa kangaude amene ali pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri amawoneka kuti ndi wopanga modabwitsa wopanga kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komabe, mutha kungotenga chithunzicho ndi kuchuluka kambiri, chifukwa kukula kwa kavalo sikuposa kukula kwa kobiri limodzi.

Kangaudeyu akudumphira masentimita 60 ndipo amatha kukwawa pagalasi. "Zosatha" izi zidapereka kutchuka kwa kangaude! Masomphenya abwino kwambiri komanso malo akuluakulu ogawa amapangitsa kuti akangaude azigonjetseka komanso azikhala osiyana.

Maso akulu akulu anayi alowa mzere woyamba, samangokhala wowoneka bwino, komanso othandizira kwambiri ndipo amalola akangaude azisiyanitsa mawonekedwe a zinthu, komanso mtundu wake. Maso awiri m'mphepete amapereka mawonekedwe ambiri. Mzere wachiwiri uli ndi maso awiri ochepa kwambiri ndipo umapezeka mkati mwa mutu. Awiri omaliza amakhala kumbuyo kwa mutu, pafupi ndi chifuwa, ndipo amathandizira kuti phirili lizioneka ndi 360 °

Ndi maso ake owoneka bwino, amawona ngakhale kumbuyo kwake. Asayansi apeza kuti amawona pang'ono. ndikufotokozera bwino lomwe mtunda wofikira.

Ma retina mu nyama izi amakhala mwanjira yachilendo: zigawo 4 za maselo ochititsa chidwi, omwe ali amitundu yobiriwira. Mtundu wobiriwira sungathe kuyang'ana kwambiri, chifukwa chake kangaude ndi wopanda pake.

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ndendende chifukwa cha izi zikuwoneka kuti sizabwino, nyama zimatha kuwerengera mtunda wautali molondola kwambiri. Njira yofunikirayi pakusaka sikunayambe yagwiritsidwapo ntchito kale, motero patent ingaperekedwe mosamalitsa kwa kangaude.

Kangaude wolumphira amasaka masana okha. Sakhazikitsa maukonde ndipo samadikirira nyama, kangaudeyu amangoyambitsa zikhadabo zake ndikusaka momwe alumphira. Kutalika kwa kudumpha kumatha kupitilira kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi nthawi 80.

Kwa usiku umodzi wokha amasankha malo osawoneka bwino ndikuluka ngati bedi kuchokera pa intaneti, ndipo ndi maleza oyamba amadzuka kuti akasaka nyama. Pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zisanu ndi zitatu zamasomphenya, kangaude, popanda kuyenda, amayang'ana mozungulira oyandikana ndi mbali zonse. Pozindikira womenyedwayo, amadziwiratu kutalikirana kwake. Atayandikira, amapanga mphezi kuti idumphe ndikugwira nyama. Ndi chelicerae, tambala amaphatikizira m'thupi la chimbudzi chomwe chimaletsa poyizoni ndi mandimu, ndikuchepetsa mkati mwake momwe chimadyetsera. Zakudya za jumper zimaphatikizapo: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchentche, udzudzu ndi udzudzu, nsabwe za m'munda, komanso nsikidzi zazing'ono.

Amadziwika kuti hatchi yotentha imakonda kudya udzudzu wachikazi wokha, womwe m'mimba mwake mumakhala magazi. Amanyalanyaza amuna. Izi zikuwonetsa zokonda za chakudya zomwe mitundu ina ya arthropod sikuchita.

Zingwe zoponyera buluzi ndizoyendera mwachilengedwe. Amadyetsa tating'onoting'ono ndipo amatha kuchotsa m'mundawo tizirombo tambiri, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo. Amtendere kwambiri ndipo sadzaluma munthu. Kuyika mahatchi si koopsa chifukwa sikwabweretsa poizoni. ndipo cheliceurs awo samatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu lakhungu la munthu.
Ma kangaude awa ndi zolengedwa zosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo ngati mungakumane ndi mnzakeyu kwinaku akuwonekera padzuwa pakhoma la nyumba, mudzazindikira kuti maso ake akutembenukirani. Adzakudikirani ndikukuyang'anani ndi maso ake asanu ndi atatu.

Kodi akangaude amakumana bwanji?

Mitundu yambiri ya akangaude a mahatchi musanakhazikitse mwambo wokondweretsa. Amamenya matupi awo pang'ono ndi kutsogolo. Pakukhwima zikachitika, zazikazi zimayikira mazira pamalo apadera, omwe amakonzekera izi. Ulusi wa silika nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba. Imakhala nthawi zambiri, pomwe mkazi amaikira mazira. Nthawi zina mazira amasungidwa pansi pa miyala, pansi pa khungwa, m'malo opaka silika kapena pazomera.

Mtengo mu zachilengedwe

Mahatchiwo ali ndi dongosolo labwino kwambiri m'minda ndi masamba. Amadyera tizirombo, motero amathandiza wamaluwa kusunga dimba lawo moyenerera. Chifukwa cha thandizo lawo, muyenera kuwaza mabedi anu kangapo!

Ndi nyama zamtendere kwambiri, ndipo sizaluma munthu. Mahatchi nawonso ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa kuti: ngati mungakumane ndi mnzakeyu pakubwera dzuwa pakakhoma la nyumba, mudzazindikira kuti maso ake akutembenukirani. Adzakufunirani mwachangu komanso mosatopa.

Akangaude awa ndi otetezeka kwathunthu kwa anthu, kotero mutha kuwanyamula mosamala kuposa amenewo - atha kudyetsedwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma tonneti!

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Hatchi ya kangaude ili paliponse kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Maso a kangaudeyu adapangidwa m'mizere itatu - kutsogolo kwa maso anayi, kumbuyo kwachiwiri - ali ndi masomphenya abwino

Mitundu / Mitundu – Chumachi. Hatchi ya kangaude (onani chithunzi)

Kutalika kwa thupi: chachikazi - 6 mm, wamwamuna - 5 mm.

Maonekedwe ndi mtundu: mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mizere yoyera pamimba.

Nthawi yakukhwima: nthawi zambiri nyengo yotentha.

Chiwerengero cha zomanga: wamkazi amayikira mazira kamodzi pachaka.

Zomwe zimadya: tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, monga ntchentche, udzudzu, nyerere, ndi nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana.

Utali wamoyo: Zaka 2-3 mu ukapolo, m'chilengedwe - sizikudziwika. Akazi amakhala motalikirapo.

Potentha, mitundu iwiri ya akangaude amapezekanso. Akangaude a banja la a saltikisi ali ndi thupi lalikulu, lophimbidwa ndi chivundikiro chowala. Kavalovulidwe wa kavalo, dzina lake Salticus Scenicus, mmalo mongogwira nyama kudzera pa intaneti, amayang'ana kunja kwa abusawo, kenako ndikudumphira pamwamba pake. Asanalumphe, kangaudeyu amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti "yotetezeka". Hatchi ya kangaude ikuwoneka bwino chifukwa chamizeremizere yoyera pamimba.

ZONSE ZABWINO

Anthu onse a m'banjali amasaka masana. Hatchi ya kangaude imadyera ntchentche, udzudzu, akangaude, nsikidzi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Misampha yosaka ya akangaude ambiri ndi yofanana: amaluka tsamba lolimba ndikudikirira kufikira pomwe wolakwayo afika pa ukonde. Kangaudeyu sawoneka bwino, motero amatsata nyama. Pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala, akumka kwa wolakwayo. Kangaudeyu amagwira masentimita omalizira ndi kulumpha mothamanga ndikugwira nyama ndi mawalo ake akutsogolo. Chelicera amaboola chitsulo cha thupi lake ndikuvulaza poizoni. Tisadumphe chilichonse, amagwiritsa ntchito kaphikidwe ngati inshuwaransi, ataphatikizira kumtengowo. Ngati kavalo wa kangaude sawerengetsa mtunda wa womenyedwayo, ndiye kuti ungomangirira pa intaneti, pomwe, ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa chitsulo chamtundu womwewo.

Kufalitsa

Monga nthumwi zamtundu wina, yamphongo ya kangaude uyu imayamba msinkhu kuposa wamkazi. Pofuna kuti azimukonda, amagwiranso ntchito zovina. Wamphongo amasunthira miyendo, kuzungulira kutsogolo kwa mkazi wokhala ndi ziwonetsero zokwezeka, amaganiza modabwitsa ndikuyesera m'njira zonse zotheka kuti adziyang'anire. Zovina zaukwati zimachitidwa ndi nthumwi zonse za banja ili. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti wamwamuna wa Salticus Scenicus, wotengedwa, samazindikira kuti akuvina pamaso pa wamwamuna wina. Pankhaniyi, kulimba kwakukulu kungachitike pakati pawo. Nthawi zina zamphongo zimapeza mkazi wachichepere, yemwe adakulungidwa mu ulusi wamtundu wa silky pamaso pa molt womaliza. Zikatero, kavalo wa kangaudeyu amakhalabe pafupi ndi iye, ndipo amayembekeza moleza mtima mpaka wamkazi atafika paunyamata. Asanakhwime, yamphongo imaluka ndi mabowo amakona anayi. Kenako amiza matopewo dontho kenako ndikuwanyowetsa ndi umuna. Zitachitika izi ndiye kuti mwamunayo amasintha umuna kupita m'thupi la mnzake. Kavalo wa kangaude wachimayi amaluka chikwakwa chachikulu kuchokera pa intaneti ndipo amayikira mazira mmenemo. Amasamala cholembera mpaka mawoko atachotsa mazira.

Kufotokozera Mabanja

Limodzi mwa mabanja akuluakulu. Pamafunika kubadwa 610. Mawangaude akakhala paliponse padziko lapansi. Oimira amodzi mwa mitundu ya banja ili adapezekanso ku Everest, pamtunda wa mamita 6,700. Zomwe mamembala ochepa a banja la a Salticidae adachita chisanu chamuyaya sizikudziwika. Kuyesera konse kudumphira pamwamba.

Anthuwo sangakhale olondola, komanso akuwonetsa tanthauzo la onse m'banjamo, dzina la "kangaude".

Maonekedwe a banja ndizosiyana kwambiri: kuyambira kangaude wamtendere mpaka kavalo akuyerekeza nthumwi za Myrmarachninae. Zingwe zimasiyanasiyana 3mm mpaka 2.2 cm.

Maonekedwe a Myrmarachninae

Dzinalo la subfamily latanthauzidwa kuti "lofanana ndi nyerere." Mukayang'ana chithunzi cha kangaude wa mitundu ya Myrmarachne plataleoides, lingaliro la nyerere zosintha limakumbukira ngati ndi champhongo. Zosilira zazikazi pansi pa chovala chovala.

Mtunduwu umakhala ku Thailand.

Chelicera yamphongo imapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo kangaudeyu akuwoneka wowopsa, ngakhale kuti sikubweretsa mavuto kwa anthu.

Myrmarachne inermichelis nthawi zambiri samasiyana kunja ndi nyerere. Myrmarachne formicaria ali ngati nyerere yochokera mu kanema kowopsa. Mtunduwu wafalikira kuzilumba zonse za ku Europe ndipo ndi amodzi mwa kangaude wa kangaude wa Myrmarachninae yemwe amakhala kunja kwa malo otentha.

Akangaude onse a Myrmarachninae ndi ochepa ndipo sangathe kulimbana ndi adani kwambiri. Amayeserera pansi pa nyerere kuti asatengeko mbalame kapena mavu. Kutsanzira kunapita patali kwambiri mpaka mahatchi amenewa mpaka anakumana ndi cephalothorax, kutsanzira mawonekedwe a nyerere. Kukula kwa ma arthropods ndi 3-7 mm. Maiko ena onse ndi kangaude wamba, koma mutha kuwona mawonekedwe ake enieni pansi pa makina oonera tinthu tating'ono.

Kapangidwe

Akangaude onse a jumper ali ndi magulu awiri amaso, omwe ali m'mizere 3. Mzere woyamba umapereka chithunzithunzi chamtsogolo. Avereji yapakatikati ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, kangaude amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu. Maso awiri m'mphepete amapereka mawonekedwe ambiri.

Mzere wachiwiri uli ndi maso awiri ochepa kwambiri ndipo umapezeka mkati mwa mutu. Awiri omaliza ali kumbuyo kwa mutu, pafupi ndi chifuwa. Awiriwa amapereka phirili ndi mawonekedwe a 360 °. Kapangidwe kapadera ka retina kamakuthandizani kuyeza mtunda kwa omwe akukhudzidwayo.

Popeza akangaude akulumphira ali asaka olimbikira, ali ndi maso opangidwa bwino.

Cephalothorax amaposa mulifupi. Cephalothorax imakhala ngati mphero: imakutidwa kumbuyo ndikukweza mwamphamvu mu theka lakunja.

Pofuna kusaka mwachangu, steed idapeza kupuma kwamphamvu: imakhala ndi mapapu komanso mapapu. Ubongo wa arthropod ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri kuposa akangaude onse.

Kudumpha limagwirira

Kangaude wolumphira amadumpha, osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamphamvu zokha. Chipangizo cha paws chake chimakhala ndi makina amagetsi a hydraulic. Asanalumphe, chiwongolero chimatha kukulitsa miyendo yake chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa cha njirayi, hatchiyo imadumphira pamtunda wakutali kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa thupi lake.

Kuswana

M'mitundu yambiri ya banja, momwe zimakhalira pakukhwima zimafanana: yamphongo imadzimenya yokha ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo pakhungu lodzuka. Ngati pali amuna angapo, mpikisano umapambanidwa ndi omwe ali ndi ma pedipalps akuluakulu.

Okwera sayenera inshuwaransi okha. Akazi amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyumba yomangira nyumba yake. Pogona, kangaude amasankha malo pansi pa miyala kapena mizu ya mitengo. Pokhala ndi nyumba zokhala ndi zida, zazikazi zimayikira mazira ndikuziteteza mpaka ana awonekera.

Akangaude atangosaka kuyamba kusaka, osafunikira amayi.Pachifukwa ichi, chachikazi chimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo mwana akangobadwa. Pambuyo pang'ono molts achinyamata kukula akufika kutha. Mahatchi amakhala pafupifupi 1 chaka.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Okwera amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amwano. Hatchi sakonda kuthawa ngozi. Ngakhale mutamukankhira, amathamangitsa mtunda ndipo amayang'ana uku, kumbuyo kwake.

Kwa anthu, palibe mitundu yochokera ku banja la akavalo yomwe ili yoopsa. Ma arthropod awa amatha kunyamulidwa bwinobwino.

Akagwira phiri pamakhala ngozi yoti ingawononge nyamayo.

Kuyika mahatchi si koopsa chifukwa sikwabweretsa poizoni. Awo chelicera sangathe kuluma kudzera pakhungu lakhungu la munthu. Ma arachnophiles ambiri amasunga akangaude awa kunyumba. Ngakhale chiweto chithawa, sichitha kumuwopseza aliyense ndipo sichingavulaze aliyense.

Bulu wa kangaude wamba, kapena kangaude wa zebra (lat. Sanikulusimo) ndi banja la mahatchi (lat. Salticidae). Mtunduwu wafalikira ku North Hemisphere.

Akavalo akadaulo amaonedwa ngati anzeru. Pakati pawo, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolankhulirana yovuta mothandizidwa ndi ma pedipals ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Pakadali pano, zitha kufotokozera zambiri zopitilira 20 zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akangaude awa kufalitsa zambiri.

Kukhalapo kwa maso akulu akulu asanu ndi atatu kumawapatsa mwayi wowona bwino, wopangitsa kuti azitha kupeza mosavuta. Sangowona kuwala kokhala ndi polar, komanso amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri m'dziko la tizilombo.

Kufalitsa

Akangaude a mahatchi amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Amamva bwino mu nkhalango, minda komanso ngakhale m'mizinda yayikulu. Khalani mopanda mantha mokhalamo anthu, ndikusankha malo owala ndi dzuwa.

Ankasangalatsidwa ndi moyo kumapiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Himalayas amatha kukhala pamtunda wokwera mpaka 5000 m kumtunda kwa nyanja, akuwonetsetsa mwachidwi akukwera osagwa akukwera.

Khalidwe

Akavalo kangaude amakonda kukhala pawekha. Amasaka masana okha, kugona usiku m'malo obisalira, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta mumtengo kapena pathanthwe. Usiku amalira khwangwala, momwe amagona mokoma mpaka m'mawa. Nyengo yovuta, amatha kukhala masiku angapo kumeneko, kudikirira moleza mtima malo abwino osaka.

Kutuluka m'bandakucha m'mawa kwambiri, kangaude amayamba kuwotha padzuwa, ndikangotha kutentha, amapita kukasodza. Akavalo amadziwika ndi kulimba mtima kwawo ndipo amathawa pokhapokha, nthawi zonse amawatembenuza mitu yawo ndikuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa wowasakira.

Malingaliro opangidwa bwino samawalola kuti azithamanga mwachangu, komanso osatopa, kulumpha, pafupifupi 20 nthawi kukula kwa thupi. Tisadumphe kalikonse, kangaudeyu amamangirira chingwe chotetezera ku gawo lapansi kuti asagwere mwangozi.

Kuwona m'mabatani kumamupangitsa kuti azitha kudziwa mtunda wofikira, kotero kulumpha kopanda pake kumakhala kosowa kwambiri. Pothawa, kangaude nthawi zonse amatambasulira kutsogolo, komwe kamapangidwa bwino kwambiri mwaimuna kuposa zazikazi.

Kangaudeyu akuwona kayendedwe kakang'ono pozungulira palokha chifukwa cha awiri awiri amaso omwe ali kumbali ya cephalothorax. Poona womenyedwayo ndi thandizo lawo, akumatembenuza mutu wake kwa iye.

Maso akulu akulu akutsogolo amadziwa bwino mtunda. Kupitilira apo, nyama zomwe zimadyera pang'onopang'ono zimakhazikika kwa wozunzidwa kuchokera kumbali kapena kumbuyo. Kuyandikira mokwanira, amapanga kulumpha mothamanga kwambiri ndi miyendo yake patali. Malingaliro oyambawo amugwira mwamphamvu wolakwayo, ndipo cheliceurs amababoola chovalacho, ndipo amapaka jekeseni wa poizoni ndi timadziti tam'mimba m'thupi mwake.

Poizoni wa tizilombo timagwira mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kwa anthu mulibwinobwino.

Zakudya zamafuta am'mimba posachedwa zimasanduza matumbo a nyama kuti ikhale kanyumba kamadzimadzi komwe kangaudeyu amamwa ndi chidwi. Zakudya za kangaude zikuphatikiza ntchentche, udzudzu, nsikidzi ndi nyerere, zomwe zimakhala nthawi yozizira, kubisala mosabisa m'chipinda chopanda kanthu.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Hatchiyi ili ndi mbali zisanu ndi zitatu za maso yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa cephalothorax. Amapereka masanjidwe omveka bwino a cholengedwa ichi, kumalola kuti azindikire mawonekedwe, mtundu wa zinthu, mtunda weniweni kwa iwo. Pakati pali awiriawiri akulu apakati ndi awiri awiri ofanana ofananira nawo. Mzere wapamwamba umakhala ndi maso aang'ono kwambiri, ndipo m'munsi umakhala ndi maso aang'ono apakati omwe ali mbali ya mutu ndi chifuwa. Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwe kazida kamapeto kamapangitsa chithunzicho kuyang'ana mozungulira.

Zofunika!Ngati mukufuna kugwira kavalo kapena kuiona kuti ndi yabwinoko, yenderani pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Duwa latsopanoli limakumana ndi mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono ndipo amathawa mwachangu. 3sesachinthu chachikulu choyenda pang'onopang'ono sichitha.

Mimba imakhala ndi chowulungika, mtundu wake ndi wakuda ndi loyera, wopindika, kotero kavalo nthawi zina amatchedwa kangaude wa zebra. Cephalothorax ndi yayikulu, yopanda thovu, yoyera kwambiri. Kuonera zolaula kumawonetsedwa. Kutalika kwa thupi laimuna ndi 5 mm, chachikazi ndi 6 mm.

Ponseponse, kavaloyu ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu ndi liwiri limodzi lamphamvu lamphamvu. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito miyendo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo posonyeza kuyankhulana ndi abale.

Zomwe zimadya

Uku ndiye kuthana ndi nyama yomwe imadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa ntchentche, mavu ndi ma nyerere. Imasaka masana okhaokha, chifukwa yayamba kupenya.

Kachitidwe ka hydraulic ka miyendo kamalola kayendedwe ka miyendo kumalola kuti kavalo aponyere kupanikizika koyenera kwa kudumpha kwakutali.
Asadumphe kwa womzunzayo, amadzigoneka pansi pomwe amakhala, ndi kansalu, kuti akagwere, abwerere pomwe anali kale.

Kodi mumadziwa?Mu 1975, a Fred Vanless, katswiri wofufuza zakuthambo waku Britain, adapita paulendo wopita kukaphunzira ma arthropods omwe amakhala kufupi ndi Himalaya. Pambuyo pake, adafotokoza kudabwitsika kwake ngati kosamveka pomwe, pamtunda wamtunda wa 6,700, pafupifupi kumtunda kwa Everest, adapeza akangaude akukhala pamenepo.

LIFESTYLE

Hatchi ya kangaude, monga ziwalo zonse pabanja, imakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Amakhala pamtunda, pamiyala, pamitengo komanso pazenera. Akupsompsona dzuwa. Oimira zamtunduwu adapezeka ku Himalayas pamtunda wamtunda sauzande miliyoni pamwamba pa nyanja.

Madzulo, kavalo wa kangaude amapezeka kuti ndi malo achitetezo pomwe amathira chisa kuchokera pawebusayiti. Amakonza kache pansi pa miyala ndi khungwa, lomwe lachoka pachimtengo.

Kutuluka kwa dzuwa, kavaloyu umachoka m'chipinda chake usiku ndikupita panja. Imatha kuwoneka m'malo opepuka bwino: pamakoma, miyala, malo obiriwira. Nyengo yozizira yamvula, kavalo wa kangaude amakhala masiku angapo pamalo ake, podikirira kuti kuzitentha. Ngati ali pachiwopsezo, kangaude amathawa, nthawi zambiri akutembenukira kwa mdani.

Kuluma ndizowopsa paumoyo waanthu

Ngakhale nyamayi ili ndi poyizoni, kuluma kwake kulibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Mafuta a poizoni ake ndi otsika kwambiri kuti avulaze, ndipo kavaloyo samatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu la munthu.
Bulu wa kangaude ndiwothandiza komanso wosakhala wowopsa wa mitundu ya arthropod, yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo. Zimatsogolera moyo wa nyama yomwe imadya, kusaka tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimapindulitsa okhalamo chilimwe poyeretsa ziwembu zawo.

Popeza mwaona duwa m'munda wanu kapena kunyumba, musathamangire kukapha - limateteza mbewu zanu kuti zisawonongedwe.

Kanema: Kangaude Wamkazi

Kangaude ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa arachnids padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti kukumana naye sikuli kovuta, iye amawerengedwa ngati chodabwitsa chachisanu ndi chitatu cha dziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala ambiri adamupangitsa kuti akhale wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Koma chiyani chapadera ndi zolengedwa izi ndi chifukwa chake maluso awo amawerengedwa mosiyana ndi ena? Kuti muyankhe mafunso onse, muyenera kudziwa oyimira achilendo awa.

Habitat

Monga tanena kale, kangaude wa mahatchi amasiyanitsidwa ndikuti adatha kuzolowera moyo wam'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Komabe, mapiri amatha kutchedwa malo omwe amakonda. Kamodzi mwa mitundu yamtunduwu wapezeka pamwamba pa Everest.

M'matchulidwe athu, kangaude wolumpha ndiwofala. Amakonda kukhala pamalo owotcha ndi dzuwa, mwachitsanzo, makoma a nyumba. Kukhazikika kwake kumatha kukhala udzu, mitengo, kapena dothi kapena miyala.

Kangaude Wamkazi. Zosangalatsa

1. Ngakhale kuti mwachilengedwe kangaude ambiri amakonda kudya asayansi, asayansi adatha kupeza masamba pakati pawo. Malinga ndi ofufuza, amodzi mwa mitundu ya akangaude omwe amalumpha asintha kwathunthu pazakudya zam'mimba chifukwa chakuti matupi a Belt omwe amadya amapezeka chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mudye nawo, simuyenera kuwononga mphamvu, monga momwe mungasinthire. Akangaude awa amasonkhana m'malire mozungulira chomera chimodzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi pogona. Mdani yekhayo wa ma arthropods pamenepa ndi nyerere zomwe zimadya zomwezo. Komabe, bungwe la madera omwe amadutsa limathandizira okwera kudziteteza kwa alendo osadziwika.

2. Okwera ndi zolengedwa zamphawi. Ngati wina aliyense angathe kuyang'anitsitsa munthu kwa nthawi yayitali osasintha komwe akukhala, ndiye kuti ndi kangaudeyu. Zithunzi zomwe zidatengedwa ndikuziwona ndi umboni wowonjezera wa izi.

3. Mitundu ina ya akangaude a mahatchi aphunzila kutengera bwino maonekedwe ndi zochita za nyerere zauve. Amakhala ndi kangaude wa mahatchi. Mtunduwu ndi wodekha komanso wopanda vuto, chifukwa chake, kuti adziteteze kwa anansi ankhanza, amakhala pafupi ndi nyerere ndipo amayembekeza nyama.

4. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti maso akatsogola kavalo amatha kufananizidwa ndi munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi masankho owoneka bwino. Chimodzi mwa zigawo za cellensitive retinal cell zimakhala ndi ma green receptors. Chifukwa chake, akangaude sangathe kuyang'ana zobiriwira ndikuwona chithunzicho pang'ono. Izi, kuchokera pakuwona kwa munthu, chovuta ndikuti okwera amatha kudziwa molondola mtunda womwe umawasiyanitsa ndi omwe akukumana nawo.

DZIWANI IZI:

Amuna nthawi zina amachita kuvina kwamphongo ngakhale asananyezimire.
Anthu pawokha ali ndi cholinga chabwino pakuwona pakati pa akangaude. Mwinanso amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu.
Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 3,000 ya kangaude womwe umapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ambiri mwa akangaude awa amakhala m'malo otentha, ena amapezeka m'malo otentha. Oimira banja amakhala ngakhale kumadera a Arctic.
Ngati kangaude m'maso mwa kangaude, amamuyeretsa mosamala ndi maulalo.
Mitundu ina ya akangaude imatsata nyerere. Kufanana kumeneku (kuyerekeza) sikumawonetsedwa mawonekedwe a thupi, komanso kayendedwe. Chifukwa chake kangaude amapulumutsidwa ku ma ppilates omwe amasaka akangaude.

MISONKHANO

Mimba: kavalo wa kangaude amatha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi mikwingwirima yopakidwa pamimba. Tsitsi ndi lalifupi komanso loyera.

Kutsegula pakamwa: Ndi chelicera, kangaude amapyoza khungu la wovulalayo ndikubaya sumuyo.

Miyendo: Ndi miyendo yakutsogolo yolimba, kangaude amagwira nyama yogwidwa.

Zotsatira: Amuna ndi thandizo lawo malo spermatophores mu maliseche achikazi.

- Kangaude wa Habitat

Makangaude a mitundu ya Salticus Scenicus ali ponseponse kumpoto kwa Nyengo Yathunthu; kuchuluka kwawo kuli ochulukirapo.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Akangaude anu ndi mitundu yambiri. Kukhumudwa sikuwawopseza.

Spider Steed - chilonda chamaso eyiti // Kudumpha Spider (Salticidae) Sub. Rus. Kanema (00:03:01)

Kutha kuwona madigiri 360 kusokoneza moyo wa njuchi pomwe Kangaude wa Spider ali pafupi. Siliva uyu amanyalanyaza mawatchi akakhala ndi njala. Spider Steed Hunter wokhala ndi maso asanu ndi atatu olemetsa. Popanda kudutsa matako ake, kangaude amapeza bwino, kenako maso ake akuyamba kugwira ntchito. Maso anayi kumbuyo kwa mutu amayang'ana danga lakumbuyo posaka kuyenda, ndipo maso akutsogolo akutsatira nyama. Maso akulu kwambiri samayenda okha, koma retina mkati mwa diso limatha kuyang'ana chilichonse kuchokera kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo. Kwa cholengedwa chamtunduwu, kangaude amatha kuwona bwino patali. Amatsata nyama. Pamene njuchi imadyetsa, kangaudeyo akukwera pamwamba. Maso asanu ndi atatu ndi tchuthi eyiti okonzekera kudumpha. Kangaudeyu akupitilizabe kuyenda pang'ono. Amakola ulusi wa silika pomwe amakhala. Njuchi ikawona chilichonse ikupitirirabe timadzi tokoma. Kangaudeyu amawerengera mtunda, kuwerengera malo omwe adzafike asanaukire. Kugunda koyenera. Samasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ozungulira mpaka njuchi itamwalira. Pomwe njuchi ikulimbana ndi moyo, kangaudeyo amasamalira mbola yake. Ndipo kenako chigonjetso. Njuchi imodzi m'munda ndi yocheperako.

Super Spider / Super Spider (2012). Kanema (00:45:00)

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi ma shaggy paws, mano poyizoni, kukhala pamthunzi, komanso ngakhale kupanga poizoni. Cholengedwa tonse tidaphunzitsidwa kuchita mantha. Kangaude. Komabe, akangaude ali ndi luso modabwitsa, ali ndi maluso angapo omwe amasangalatsa asayansi. Malinga ndi Darwin, chofunikira kwambiri pakupulumuka kwa mtundu wa nyama ndi kuthekera kwake kusintha, koma potengera kusintha kwake, akangaude ndi ambuye. Amakhala moyandikana nafe kulikonse. Pakadali pano, mitundu ya mitundu yokwana 42,000 ya kangaude imadziwika. Amakhala mnyumba zathu, m'minda yathu, adalanda malo okhala. Zimapezeka pamwamba m'mapiri, kuzilumba zakutali, koma sikofunikira kupita kutali, ziribe kanthu komwe tili, nthawi zonse pali kangaude pafupi.

Mitundu yatsopano isanu ndi iwiri ya akangaude aku Australia (nkhani). Kanema (00:01:38)

Mitundu yatsopano isanu ndi iwiri ya akangaude opezeka ku Australia. Amati kangaudeyu atha kuthandiza kuthana ndi arachnophobia, kuopa tizilombo. Amangokhala mamilimita asanu ndi atatu okha. Ichi ndi kangaude waku Australia. Ndipo tsopano akuchita zovina zaukwati.

Tizilombo zowala timeneti timakhala zitsamba kumwera kwa kontinenti.

[Jürgen Otto, wasayansi wazomera]:
“Ndiwodabwitsa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ndikupanga zonse, chifukwa ndi zabodza. ”

Katswiri wazomera wa ku Sydney Otto Jürgen ndi mnzake David knowles posachedwapa apeza mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yatsopano ya akangaude. Izi zisanachitike, mitundu 41 idadziwika ndi sayansi.

Otto wazaka zambiri amachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuyika zithunzi ndi makanema pa intaneti.

[Jürgen Otto, wasayansi wazomera]:
“Nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza kuti akangaude ndi oyipa, owopsa komanso owopsa. Koma chifukwa cha zithunzi ndi mavidiyo anga, amaphunzira kuti akangaude amatha kukhala okongola, osangalatsa komanso oseketsa. ”

Kuti akope zazikazi, amuna amachita zovina zovuta.

[David Knowles, wasayansi wazomera]:
"Ndi akazi omwe amapondera amuna kuti awoneke bwino komanso kuvina."

Akatswiri a sayansi tsopano akuyang'ana mitundu yatsopano ya akangaude.

Bulu wa kangaude paosaka. Kanema (00:02:23)

Akangaude aukatswiri ali osaka tsiku lokhazikika. Ali ndi dongosolo loyendetsa bwino lamadzi lamphamvu: kutukula miyendo yawo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Izi zimathandiza kuti akangaude azitha kudumphira mtunda wautali, kupitirira kukula kwa matupi awo. Asanalumphe, kangaude amagwira ntchito: komwe kumalumikizana ndi komwe kudumphako kudzachitike, ulusi wa silika.
Mosiyana ndi akangaude ena, amakwera magalasi mosavuta. Tsitsi laling'ono kwambiri ndi zibwano zimathandiza ndi izi.
Akangaude a mahatchi amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa silika ngati chida chomangira nyumbayo, pomwe chachikazi chimayika ndikumayang'anira mpaka ana atatuluka.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Spider Steed

Akangaude a mahatchi ndi oimira arthropod arachnids, akangaude amasankhidwa mu dongosolo, banja la akangaude. Spider zamtunduwu ndi oimira maluwa ndi nyama, zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Imodzi mwazosinthika mu 1975 idapezeka ngakhale pamwamba pa Everest, pamalo okwera kuposa 6500 mamitala.

Mbiri ya akangaude ili ndi zaka zopitilira 200 miliyoni.Nthawi yodziwika bwino ya akangaude sizikudziwika chifukwa zimapezeka ndi zotsalira za kangaude ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa matupi awo amawola msanga. Asayansi adatha kupeza zingapo zofunika mu amber. Ziwalo zina za matupi a oimira akale a arachnids amapezeka mu utoto wouma. Maonekedwe, anali tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe thupi lawo silidapitilira masentimita 0.5.

Kanema: Spider Steed

Cephalothorax ndi pamimba sizinali zodzipatula konse. Akangaude akale anali ndi gawo la mchira, lomwe cholinga chake chinali choluka mawoko. M'malo mwa intaneti, adakhala ngati ulusi wowonda. Akangaude ankawagwiritsa ntchito kukulunga coco, kukhomera mphanga, kapena ntchito zina. Okalamba akale a akangaude amakono analibe zotulutsa zomwe zimapangitsa chinsinsi chowopsa.

Pali mtundu wina womwe akangaude wakale amawonekera pa Gondwana. Kenako anafalikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Madzi oundana omwe adalipo adachepetsa malo okhala akangaude, ndipo ndi mitundu yambiri yamakedzana akale idatha. Zinali zofala kuti akangaude azitha kusintha mofulumira, kusinthana, komanso kugawikana.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Black Spider Steed

Kangaude womwe umayatsidwa umasiyanitsidwa ndi masomphenya akuthwa, omwe amafunikira kusaka bwino. Ziwalo za masomphenyawo zimayimiriridwa ndi maso pazingwe zisanu ndi zitatu. Zapezeka m'mizere itatu. Pa mzere woyamba pali maso anayi akulu.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Ziwalo zam'maso zakutsogolo zimatha kuzungulira ndi kupita pansi, komanso mosiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi maso oyenda ngati awa, akangaude amasiyanitsa mawonekedwe, ma silhouette, ndi mitundu.

Mzere wachiwiri wa ziwalo zowoneka umaimiridwa ndi maso awiri ang'ono. Mzere wachitatu uli ndi maso akulu akulu awiri omwe ali kumbali zonse za mutu. Makanema amawonedwe amakupatsani mwayi wofufuza momwe zinthu ziliri madigiri 360. Mwanjira imeneyi mungapewe kukumana ndi mdani mosavuta. Masomphenya amathandizira kusaka bwino. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndikuwonekeranso zikugwirizana kuti akangaude amatha kuwona chiwalo chilichonse payokhapayokha ndikuyika chilichonse. Retina ilinso ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wodalirika kuti mudziwe chinthu chomwe mukufuna, chinthu.

Zosiyanitsa zimakhala ndi njira yopumira. Ali ndi mapapu achilendo komanso trachea. Kukula kwa thupi lahatchi sikupitirira kukula kwa ndalama zisanu. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamtundu ndi mamilimita 5-7. Kukongola kwa kugonana kumafotokozedwa - akazi amakhala ndi thupi lalikulupo kuposa amuna. Cephalothorax ndi pamimba zimalekanitsidwa ndi poyambira woonda. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamahatchi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala. Mitundu ina imatha kuwoneka ngati zinkhanira, nyerere, kapena kachilomboka. Gawo lam'mutu la thupi ndilokwera kwambiri; limakwezedwa pamwamba pamimba.

Tsopano mukudziwa ngati kangaudeyu ndi kavalo woopsa kapena ayi. Tiwone komwe amakhala.

Kodi kangaudeyu amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Russia

Zangaude zimakhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Amatha kuwira kumera, makoma, m'nthaka, pamitengo, pamitengo, m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyumba, etc. Malo amasiyana mitundu. Akangaude a mahatchi amatha kukhala kumayiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, amamva bwino komanso omasuka m'madambo, zipululu, kapenanso kumapiri. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, ngati dzuwa.

Pomwe malo a Pak amathandizira:

Khalidwe la kangaude komanso malo omwe amakhala limasiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa oimira magulu osiyanasiyana amtunduwu. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yambiri pa izo, zina zimatha kumanga zisa za silika zomwe zili ndi ngodya zingapo zobisika, pomwe zina zimatha kukhala mwakachetechete padziko lapansi, kapena pamtundu wamtundu uliwonse. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, akangaude ndi osadzindikira kotheratu posankha malo okhala. Amakhala osavuta kukumana ndi mono ngakhale kukwera m'mapiri, kapena m'miyala.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Spider Steed

Makangaude a mahatchi amaonedwa ngati ma arthropod masana, chifukwa ndi nthawi yamasana yomwe amakonda kwambiri kusaka. Amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha. Nthawi zambiri akangaude awa amakonda kusambira m'malo otentha dzuwa. Akangaude awa saopa konse anthu, amatha kukhazikika pafupi nawo. Kuwona munthu, kavalo samathamangira kubisala, kapena kufunafuna pobisalira. Amamuyang'ana mwachidwi. Nthawi zambiri ndimtundu uwu wa arthropod womwe umatchedwa kuti ma Order. Izi ndichifukwa choti akangaude zikaoneka m'magawo atsopano omwe sanakhazikikepo m'mbuyomu, akangaude amachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kupeza chakudya cha akangaude awa sikumangothandiza masomphenya opatsa chidwi, komanso ntchito ina yapadera ya thupi - hydraulic system. Uku ndi kuthekera kwa thupi kusintha gawo la zopanikizika mu miyendo, kotero kukula ndi kutalika kwa nthambi yakeyo imatha kusiyanasiyana. Izi zimathandiza ma arthropod kuti adumphe kutalika kwakutali. Nthawi zambiri kangaude amapanga kulumikizidwa motalika kwambiri mpaka 1520 kukula kwa thupi lawo. Komabe, kwa inshuwaransi, akulumpha amakonza ulusi wolimba pomwe akufuna kudumphira.

Pakutha kwa tsiku, akangaude akuyang'ana malo obisika momwe amapiringizika ma kabu awo. Malo oterewa amatha kupezeka m'munsi mwa khoma, pansi pa mitengo, pansi pa miyala, ndi zina. Ngati nyengo mumsewu imasokonekera, kunja kulibe dzuwa, kukuzizira komanso kukugwa mvula, akangaude amabisala mnyumba zawo mosakhalitsa kwanthawi yayitali. M'mawa nyengo yotentha imachoka m'malo awo okhala. Zitha kuzimiririka dzuwa, zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya.

Chochititsa chidwi: Asayansi amati kangaude wamtunduwu ndi tizilombo olimba mtima, chifukwa amathawa mokha nthawi zina. Mukamayesera kuthawa mdani motere, hatchiyo imathawa mwachangu, ndikusunthira kumbali yake. Spider amatha nthawi yozizira kubisala m'malo awo obisalamo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Awiri a kangaude

Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi osati kukula kwake, komanso mtundu, makamaka, mtundu wa miyendo yakutsogolo yomwe mikono yake ili. Udindo uliwonse wamtunduwu umadziwika ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akukhwima. Komabe, oyimira onse a akangaude ofunikira ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - kuvina koyimbidwa kwa munthu wamwamuna. Kuvina kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wokopa chidwi cha akazi omwe mumakonda. Pa kuvina koteroko, mwamunayo amakweza miyendo yake ndikudziguguda pachifuwa ndi nthito ina. Ngati abambo angapo amayang'anira chidwi cha mayi m'modzi, ukulu wa amene amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Ngati mzimayiyo sanathe kutha msinkhu, ndizofala kuti amuna aziyembekezera mphindi ino.

Amuna amakhala olumikizana ndi intaneti, komwe kumalumikizidwa madontho amadzi am'mimba. Kenako amaponya mbewuzo m'madzimo amadzi pokhapokha ndikusunthira mbewuyo m'thupi la mkazi. Asanayike mazira, mkaziyo amasankha podzitchinjiriza ndi kuimata ndi mawamba. Uwu ukhoza kukhala danga pansi pa miyala, makungwa a mitengo, m'miyala yamakhoma, etc. Akapeza malo obisika ndi akonzedwe, aikazi amayikira mazira ndi kuwasamala mosamala mpaka ana atabadwa.

Pambuyo pobadwa, nyama zazing'ono sizifunikira mayi, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo zimatha kusaka. Chachikazi chimachotsedwa. Pambuyo pa maulalo angapo, ana omwe adabadwa akutha msamba. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi kangaude munyengo yachilengedwe imakhala pafupifupi chaka.

Adani achilengedwe a kangaude

Chithunzi: Kangaude walowa m'chilengedwe

Akangaude ali ndi adani ochulukirapo m'malo awo okhala. Kuti apulumutse miyoyo, akangaude ambiri amadzigaya kunja ngati tizilombo tina - nyerere kapena nsikidzi.

Choopsa kwa akangaude ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya awa ochepa arthropods. Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa iwo ndi mbalame ya kangaude. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti ndi akangaude awa omwe amasaka abuluzi kapena achule, komanso tizilombo tomwe timakhala tating'onoting'ono. Akangaude amakonda kudya wina ndi mnzake ngati kulibe zinthu zina pafupi ndi zomwe zomwe zingakhaleko kulanda. Izi sizongokhudza zazikazi zokha, zomwe zikatha kudya mwana wamwamuna. Nthawi zambiri, akhungu achikulire, omwe ndi achikulire ochita zachiwerewere amazunza nyama zazing'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, akangaude amakumana ndi anthu okwera pamahatchi. Awa ndi tizilombo tomwe timayikira mazira pamwamba kapena mkati mwa kangaude. Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zimawonekera kuchokera mazira kupita m'kuwala, zomwe zimadya pang'onopang'ono arthropod kuchokera mkati. Ngati pali mphutsi zochulukirapo, zimayambitsa kufa kwa kangaude.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Black Spider Steed

Masiku ano, akangaude ambiri amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Sakuwopsezedwa kuti adzazimiririka, ndipo mtunduwu sufuna chitetezo. Ndi gawo limodzi lachilengedwe. Chifukwa choti palibe chomwe chikuwopseza kuchuluka kwawo, amadya tizilombo tambiri, zomwe zimavulaza mitundu yambiri yamasamba. Nthawi zambiri, kukhazikika kwa akangaude pafupi ndi munthu kumampulumutsa kumatenda, omwe amatha kunyamula matenda owopsa. Komanso m'malo omwe mahatchi amakhazikika, zokolola zimachuluka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti tizirombo tomwe timapangidwa ndi tizilombo timakhala tating'ono kangapo.

Palibe mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zapadera zoteteza kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo zomwe zimachitika. Ntchito yodziwitsa ikuchitika ndi anthu kuti akangaude amtunduwu sangathe kuwavulaza, ndipo siziwopseza moyo ndi thanzi. Chifukwa chake, sayenera kuwonongeka, chifukwa samangochita zowopsa, koma, m'malo mwake, amabweretsa zabwino.

Spider Steed ndiwoyimira wodabwitsa wa arthropods, yemwe ali ndi maso okongola, amatha kudumpha, komanso ali ndi dongosolo lopumira lomwe limayimira awa oimira maluwa ndi zinyama. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mitundu iyi ya arachnids siowopsa kwa anthu. Kukhala naye pafupi kumathandizanso anthu.

Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala kangaude

Dzinalo "kangaude - kavalo"Kuchulukako, kuphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 600 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 6000. Oimira banja lino amadziwika ndi maso akuthwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kusaka komanso kudzipenda pansi.

Kupumira kwamkati mwa kangaude, komwe kali ndi mapapu onse awiri ndi trachea, ndikofunikira. Kumanani kangaude wamba zotheka pafupifupi kulikonse. Oimira mitundu yambiri amakhala m'malo otentha; amagawidwa kwambiri m'malo otentha a nkhalango, zipululu ndi mapiri, ndi mapiri (Euophrys omnisuperstes anapezeka ndi asayansi pamsonkhano wa Everest mu 70s). Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amakonda pa kangaude ndizowotcha padzuwa, kwanthawi yayitali kukhala pamalo oyenera izi, ngakhale zomata.

Makina owoneka bwino opangidwa ndi maso asanu ndi atatu okhala ndi mizere itatu. Mzere woyamba umaphatikizapo maso akulu akulu anayi, kuphimba "nkhope" ya kangaude. Maso akutsogolo samangokhala owonera mtsogolo, komanso amagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri (amatha kusunthira kumanzere, mmwamba-pansi), amalola kangaude kusiyanitsa ndikuwunika mawonekedwe a zinthu, komanso mtundu wawo.

Mzere wachiwiri ukuimiriridwa ndi maso awiri ang'ono atakhazikika pakati pa "nkhope", mzere wachitatu uli ndi maso akulu akulu, omwe ali m'makona amutu kumbuyo, pamalire ndi chifuwa. Chifukwa chake, kangaudeyu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka pafupifupi madigiri a 360, omwe amathandiza kwambiri posaka ndikumamuthandiza kupewa kukumana ndi mdani mosafunikira.

Kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe owonekerawo kumagonekanso kuthekera kwa kangaude kuwona ndi diso lirilonse mosiyana, mwachidziwikire, maso ofooka osachedwa samapereka chithunzi chonse cha chilengedwe, koma amatha kusiyanitsa kayendedwe kakang'ono mozungulira. Retina imapangidwa mwapadera momwe chiwongolero chimatha kuwunikira patali kuti wozunzidwa kapena wowopsa.

Akavalo-kangaude pazithunzi imawoneka ngati cholengedwa chapamwamba, chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi tizilombo, komabe, mutha kungotenga chithunzi chotere ndi kuchuluka kambiri, chifukwa kukula kwamahatchi sizidapitilira kukula kwa kobiri limodzi.

Kutengera mitundu, mtundu ndi mtundu wa anthu amasiyana. Oimira ena mwa mitundu ina amakumbukiranso mawonekedwe a nyerere kapena kafadala, komanso angafanane ndi zinkhanira.

Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kosavuta - mutu ndi chifuwa zimalumikizana, zimangolekanitsidwa ndi phwando laling'ono chabe. Hafu yakutsogolo ya thupi ndi yokwezeka chapachibale kumbuyo, kutalika kwake ndikokulira kuposa m'lifupi, mbali zake ndizoyenda.

Kangaude wa mahatchi ku Russia wokhala ndi pakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dongosolo labwino kwambiri la munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zowonadi, ndizovuta kuvuta ndikuvulaza ana awa, komabe, ngati mungayesetse, mutha kugwira anthu angapo ndikuwabzala pamitengo ya zipatso kapena pabedi.

Mukangokhala malo atsopano, akangaude ayamba kusaka tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, potero kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozunza tizilombo m'mundamo.

Hatchi ya kangaude siowopsa kwa munthu, mutha kuzitenga mwachindunji ndi manja anu opanda kanthu, mosamala kwambiri kuti musavulale. Komanso, sizili ndi vuto kwa anthu osati chifukwa chakusowa kwa poizoni. kangaude wahatchi ndi woopsa, koma khungu siligonjera kuluma kwake, kuphatikiza apo, munthuyo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuti mwana angamve kuyamikiridwa ngati china chake chomwe chimafunikira kukwiya kapena ngakhale chisamaliro.

Pezani kangaude m'malo owala bwino. Atagwira kuyenda kwa munthu, kangaudeyo amamuyang'anitsitsa, akumayang'ana m'maso, koma osathamangira kupeza malo.

Gulani kangaude m'masitolo apamtundu wapadera, kutchuka kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wake wowala, kuvulaza kotheratu kwa anthu komanso kuthekera kwa kangaude kusinthira mosavuta ndi moyo wamndende.

Makhalidwe ndi moyo wa kangaude

Hatchi imasaka masana, ndipo imagwira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa masomphenya opambana, kangaude ali ndi kuthekera kwina kofunikira - mkati mwa ma hydraulic system.

Miyendo ya chiwongolero imatha kukula kukula - kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi mkati mwawo, kangaude amazidumphira kumitunda yomwe, zimawoneka ngati, singagonjetsedwe ndi kukula kwawo sekondi imodzi. Komabe, pazifukwa zachitetezo, nyanjayo imakhomera ulusi wa silika kumalo komwe akufuna kudumphirako.

Miyendo ya kavalo imakhala ndi tsitsi laling'ono komanso nsapato, zomwe zimapangitsa, mosiyana ndi akangaude ena, kuti azitha kuyendayenda mosavuta ngati galasi.

Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo, nyanjayo imagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa silika kokha kuti imangire chisa cha zomangira - samasanja masamba. Kukhazikika kwa kangaudeyu kungakhale dothi, khoma kapena pathanthwe, mitengo kapena udzu.

Chakudya Cha Akavalo

Kusaka kugonera nyama ndi kugwidwa kuchokera kutali. Ndi njira yopezera chakudya pomwe banjali lidalandira dzina loti "akavalo". Kutha kudumphira pamtunda wautali, kupenya kwamaso komanso chizolowezi chodzikongoletsera ndi ulusi wa silika kumalola oimira amtunduwo kuti azipeza chakudya chawo popanda kuwononga intaneti. Pazakudya zimatha kuzindikira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kukula kwa nyama kumathandiza kangaude kuthana nayo.

Kufotokozera mawonekedwe

Kavalo wa kangaude, kapena kavalo wa kangaude (Salticidae) ndi a banja la kangaude wa araneomorphic. Banja ili likuyimira mitundu yopitilira 5,000, ndipo malinga ndi gulu la asayansi, ndi laufumu wambiri wa Eumetazoi.

Akangaude akakhala ndi madontho osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsanzira mawonekedwe awo nyerere, kachilomboka ndi chinkhanira zabodza . Hafu yoyamba ya cephalothorax imakwezedwa kwambiri, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kumakutidwa. Mphepete mwa cephalothorax ndi phompho.Kulekanitsidwa kwa mutu ndi chifuwa, monga lamulo, chimaperekedwa ndi poyambira osaya kapena mosunthika. Kupuma kwamtundu wa bimodal kumaimiridwa ndi mapapu ndi trachea.

Kangaude wamaso amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa maso asanu ndi atatu, omwe amakhala m'mizere itatu. Pa mzere woyamba pali maso akulu anayi atakhala mbali yakutsogolo pamutu. Maso akuthambo amaso akulu kwambiri amakhala ndi kusuntha. Maso amalola kuti akangaude azitha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawonekedwe ndi chinthu.

Maso a mzere wachiwiri akuimiriridwa ndi awiri a maso ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mzere wachitatu ndi maso akulu akulu, omwe ali m'makona amalire a mutu ndi chifuwa. Mothandizidwa ndi maso awa, kangaude imapereka chiwonetsero cha pafupifupi 360 °.

Kapangidwe kapadera ka diso limapangitsa kuti chizindikire mtunda wa chinthu chilichonse.

Mitundu wamba

Ma spider-akavalo pamavuto achilengedwe amayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana maonekedwe, kukula kwake ndi malo ogawa:

golide wokongola kavalo wa kangaude amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa mayiko aku Asia, ndipo amakhala ndi mbali yayitali yam'mimba komanso miyendo yayikulu yoyamba. Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wa golide wachilendo kwambiri. Kutalika kwamphongo nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 76 mm, ndipo zazikazi ndizokulirapo

Himalayan Mitunduyi ndi yaying'ono komanso yotalikirapo kuposa msika wam'nyanja, ku Himalaya, komwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mtundu wawo wokha, womwe umawombera m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi mphepo yamphamvu,

kangaude wobiriwira amakhala ku Queensland, New Guinea ndi New South Wales. Ndizachilendo ku Western Australia, komwe ndi kangaude wamkulu kwambiri. Wamphongo ali ndi khungu lowala kwambiri, ndipo thupi lake limakhala lokongoletsedwa ndi ndevu zazitali zokhala ndi zoyera,

mawonekedwe obwerera kumbuyo Kangaudeyu amakonda kukhala m'malo owuma ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumapiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'nkhalango za oak North America, komwe ndi kangaude wamkulu kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndikutha kumanga zisa zamtundu wa silika pansi pa miyala, matabwa komanso pansi pa mtengo.

kuwona kwa Hyllus diardi Ili ndi thupi lotalika masentimita 1.3. Pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude, siitha kupanga ukonde, chifukwa chogwira nyama, imagwira chingwe cha silika kuthandizo lirilonse kenako ndikulumpha kuchokera "kugwidwa" mozunzika kwa wolakwayo.

kangaude amatsata bwino mawonekedwe a nyerere ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'malo otentha kuchokera ku Africa mpaka pakati Australia. Utoto wa thupi ungakhale wamtundu wakuda mpaka wachikaso.

Mawonekedwe osangalatsa achifumu a kangaude. Uwu ndiye woimira wamkulu wa akangaude ku North America. Amuna amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 1.27 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa chikazi kumatha kufika 1.52 cm.

Thupi lamphongo limakhala ndi khungu lakuda komanso mawonekedwe ake, yoyimiriridwa ndi mawanga oyera ndi mikwingwirima. Mtundu wa chikazi nthawi zambiri umaimiridwa ndi imvi komanso ma lalanje.

Kudyetsa malamulo

Chakudya chachilengedwe cha akangaude ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri. . Eni odziwa za ziweto zachilendo choterechi amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ma crickets, ophwanyidwa kumafumbi, kapena Drosophila podyetsa kangaude. Pazakudya zamtundu wina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsabwe zakuda ndi zobiriwira. Mukudyetsa, nsanja yodyetsa iyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuwunikira kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi nyali za fluorescent.

Hatchi ya kangaude imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa oimira kwambiri ma arthropod, chifukwa cha kukula kwa ubongo. Kugula kangaude wotere m'dziko lathuli ndizovuta, koma ndizotheka kwa okonda zosowa za arthropod omwe akuchita kuswana kwawo. Mtengo wapakati wa munthu wamkulu umasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu, koma, nthawi zambiri, sizidutsa ma ruble chikwi chimodzi .

Amuna nthawi zina amachita kuvina kwamphongo ngakhale asananyezimire.
Anthu pawokha ali ndi cholinga chabwino pakuwona pakati pa akangaude. Mwinanso amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu.
Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 3,000 ya kangaude womwe umapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ambiri mwa akangaude awa amakhala m'malo otentha, ena amapezeka m'malo otentha. Oimira banja amakhala ngakhale kumadera a Arctic.

Akangaude ndi ma arthropod omwe amaimira gulu la arachnids. Oimira kalasi iyi, lero, pali mitundu 40,000. Amasiyana pakati pawo munjira ya moyo, maonekedwe, mtundu wa chakudya. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akangaude: akangaude ochepa kwambiri komanso opanda vuto lililonse (0.37 mm), komanso kangaude wowopsa kwambiri komanso kangaude waziphuphu kwambiri padziko lapansi (mpaka 25 cm). Ndipo munkhaniyi tikuwuzani za malingaliro angapo osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa.

Tarantula Spider - Theraphosidae

Kangaude wa tarantula mwina ndi kangaude wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, kapena mwina banja la akangaude a tarantula (Theraphosidae). Ena mwa banja lino amatha kutalika kwa 30,5 cm m'miyendo, monga nyani nyani, wakuda ndi wofiirira. Thupi la tarantulas limakhala lophimbidwa nthawi zonse ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lalifupi. Mtundu wakuthupi umatha kukhala waimvi kapena wotuwa (ofiira, wabuluu, ofiira). Ma Tarantulas amakhala kumayiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha (Africa, South America, Oceania, Australia). Akangaude awa amakhala m'malo okhala mbalame ndi makoswe kapena kukumba mabowo pafupi ndi mitengo yamtengo. Yogwira makamaka madzulo. Kenako amasaka kapena kugwirira munthu yemwe akuthamanga pafupi. Odalirika amadyera tizilombo, mbalame zazing'ono ndi makoswe. Izi akangaude amabala kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Wamkazi amayikira mazira mu kangaude wa kangaude, yomwe amawanyamula osayiwala. Amasunga ana, kotero kuti akangaude omwe amasulidwa ku coco, kwakanthawi, akhala pamimba ya amayi awo. Koma posakhalitsa amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Poizoni wa tarantula amathandizira wovulalayo ndikuwola mkati, pomwe kangaude imayamwa zomwe zili m'thupi la wozunzidwayo. Kwa anthu, sumu za tarantula sizowopsa, koma zopweteka. Malowa akuluma akuphika, owonda ndi otupa, nthawi zina kupeza mtundu wachikaso. Koma Zizindikirozi zimatha m'milungu yochepa.

Mtanda Wodutsa - Araneus

Mitambo ndiyomwe imayimira banja la mothinjiri (Araneidae). Ali ngati kangaude wa maukonde. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amimba owoneka ngati dzira, pomwe pamakhala zojambula monga mtanda. Mtundu wa imvi kuchokera ku imvi mpaka yofiira. Amakutetezani ndi tinsalu takutali tambiri komwe sikungayikidwe pakati pa thupi ndikuzungidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, loonda. Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo ndi 10-11 mm, ndipo kutalika kwa mkazi ndi 17-40 mm. Ku CIS ndi Russia pali mitundu 30 ya mitanda. Akangaude awa amagwira ntchito madzulo. Mochenjera amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti pomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri timadutsamo. Matata ndi kugona mazira kumachitika mu kugwa. Wamkazi amayikira mazira mu kangaude wa kangaude ndikubisala pansi pa khungwa kapena malo ena obisika. Chapakatikati, kangaude amatuluka m'khola. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, mbadwo watsopano wa akangaude ukukula, ndipo amayi awo akumwalira. Kangaudeyu ndi mtanda wa poizoni, koma si owopsa kwa anthu. Kuluma kwake kumakhala kowawa, koma kumverera koyaka ndi chotupa pamalo a kuluma kumazimiririka patatha maola ochepa.

Kangaude wa Karakurt - Latrodectus tredecimguttatus

Ichi si kangaude wakuda konse ayi.Thupi la mkazi (10-20 mm) ndi lakuda kwathunthu, komwe limatchulidwanso kuti mkazi wamasiye wakuda, thupi la mwamunayo (4-7 mm) ndilalinso lakuda, koma lili ndi mawanga ofiira owoneka pamimba (nthawi zambiri imakhala malo 13 ) Kangaude wa Karakurt amakhala kudera la Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, North Africa, Southern Europe, Kazakhstan, kumwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine. Amakonda malo otsetsereka a chigwa, chowawa, chopanda, magombe a aryks. Karakurt amatulutsa mabowo ndi makina owongolera mpweya, ophimba ndi khomo. M'mapanga oterowo, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakwatirana kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Yaikaziyo imayikira mazira mu coco kuchokera pa intaneti ndikuyikhomera kukhola. Chapakatikati, akangaude amatuluka cocoon. Karakurt amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ma poizoni awo ndi oopsa kwa nyama zazikulu komanso anthu. Kutentha ndi kutupa kumachitika pamalo akulumidwa ndi. Pakatha mphindi 10-15, poizoni amafalikira thupi lonse ndipo munthuyo akumva kupweteka pachifuwa, pamimba. Komanso pali chizungulire, mseru, thukuta, palpitations, delirium. Ndipo ngati simupereka chithandizo panthawiyo, zotsatira zakupha ndizotheka (nthawi zambiri). Karakurt amaluma khungu ndi 0,5 mm okha, motero, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mkati mwa mphindi ziwiri kuchokera kuluma, muziwotcha malowo ndi machesi.

White karakurt - Latrodectus pallidus

Chithunzi cha karakurt yoyera

Uwu ndi kangaude woyera, wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso pamimba kuzungulira. Pamimba pamakhala choyera kapena chamkaka, mitundu yayinayi. Miyendo ndi cephalothorax ndi chikasu kapena bulauni. Kangaude yoyera ili ndi kutalika kwa 10-20 mm. Akazi ndi oposa amuna. Akangaude oyera amayala ukonde mu mawonekedwe a cone, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yosaka. Amakhala ku North Africa, Middle East, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan ndi Azerbaijan. Kangaude woyera Karakurt samakhala wankhanza, koma poizoni wake ndi woopsa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Zomwe zimachitika poizonizi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ana komanso okalamba. Kafukufuku wazakuwonetsa kuti poizoni wa karakurt woyera ndi wofanana ndi poizoni wa karakurt (Latrodectus tredecimtugattus). Ngati kulumwa ndi kangaudeyu, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Camera Spider - Ngamila kangaude

Kangaude wa ngamila ali ndi mayina ambiri: phalanx, bihorch, salpugi, ometa tsitsi, barber, scorpion mphepo. Thupi (masentimita 5-7) pang'ono pang'ono, owala komanso ofiira, owakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, loonda. Mawonekedwe a ngamira ya ngamila ndi ofanana ndi chinkhanira, makamaka ndi chelicera (zibwano). Ndi iwo, amatha kuluma kudzera pakati pa msomali wamunthu komanso ngakhale mafupa ang'onoang'ono a mbalame. Komanso, ndi chelicera wake, amadula tsitsi ndi nthenga kuchokera kwa ozunzidwa ndikuziyika m'nyumba mwake. Kangaude wa ngamila amakhala kumadera achipululu ku Asia, Africa, America, Europe. Phalangx kangaude usiku. Imakhala yachilendo komanso yopanda chidwi, imadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, makoswe, abuluzi. Maso a akangaude a ngamila ali ngati zinkhanira: Maso awiri apakati mkati ndi amodzi kumbali za cephalothorax. Maso olimba amawongolera kuyenda bwino, kotero akangaude awa ali othamanga kwambiri ku 53 cm / s (1.9 km / h).
Kangaude wa ngamila si wowopsa, koma amaluma kwambiri. Komanso pa chelicera wake amatha kuwola zotsalira za womenyedwayo, zomwe zingayambitse kutupa kwambiri.

Akangaude a Springbok - Salticidae

Akangaude akalumphira kapena akangaude ndi banja la akangaude a araneomorphic, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu ya 610 genera ndi mitundu 5800. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, mzipululu, zipululu, m'malo otentha a nkhalango komanso mapiri. Awa ndi akangaude ang'onoang'ono, mpaka 2 cm. Thupi limakhala lopindika. Akangaude awa ali ndi masomphenya opangidwa bwino. Ali ndi maso 8, chifukwa chake amawona madigiri a 360.. Akangaude olumala pakati pawo amasiyana maonekedwe a thupi, mtundu wake ndi mitundu yake. Pali mitundu yotere ya kangaude:
- kavalo wa golide wa golide amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa mayiko aku Asia, ndipo amadziwika ndi gawo lalitali lam'mimba komanso miyendo yayikulu yoyamba. Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wa golide wachilendo kwambiri. Kutalika kwamphongo nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 76 mm, ndipo zazikazi ndizokulirapo

- akangaude a Himalayan ndi akangaude ang'ono kwambiri. Amakhala pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja ku Himalaya, pomwe nyama zawo zochepa chabe zomwe zimawombedwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu,

- Kangaude wobiriwira amakhala ku New Guinea, New South Wales ndi Queensland. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Western Australia. Wamphongoyo ali ndi utoto wowala, ndipo thupi lake limakhala lokongoletsedwa ndi "ndevu" zazitali zoyera,

- mtundu wofanana ndi kangaude wa kangaude kuti azikhalamo m'malo owuma. Kangaude wofiira nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo amtunda wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'nkhalango za oak North America. Akangaude ofiira amenewa ndi apadera chifukwa amatha kupanga zisa za silika zamtundu pansi pa miyala komanso pamwamba pa mtengo.

- Mitundu ya Hyllus Diardi ili ndi thupi lotalika masentimita 1.3. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude, siikhala yoluka, chifukwa, ikagwira nyama, imagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa silika kuthandizi uliwonse, kenako ikudumphira kuchokera kumtundu wotere wamtunduwu kupita kumtunda wake nsembe

- kavalo wa kangaude amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi nyerere ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo otentha kuchokera kudera la Africa mpaka pakati pa Australia. Mtundu wa thupi umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi chikaso chowoneka mpaka chakuda.

Mawanga oyendayenda ndi osiyana ndi ena chifukwa amatha kudumpha mtunda wautali (maulendo 20 thupi lawo). Asanalumphe, amagwiritsa gawo limodzi ndi intaneti (potero kulumpha kulumpha kwawo), kenako ndikukankha matupi awo ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Kwa anthu, akangaude alibe vuto lililonse. Amakhala ndi poizoni, koma sizikhudza munthu, ndipo kuluma kwawo sikumapweteka.

Argiope Brunnich kapena kangaude wa ma kangaude - Argiope burennichi

Argiope ali ndi dzina lachiwiri kangaude, chifukwa mtundu wa thupi ndi mawonekedwe ake pamimba amafanana ndi mavu. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita awiri ndi atatu. M'mimba mumakhala mikwingwirima yowala, mitunduyi ndi yachikaso, yoyera, yakuda. Miyendo ndi yayitali, yopyapyala, makamaka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a X. Kangaude wina amakhala ku Kazakhstan, Asia Minor, Central Asia, China, Korea, India ndi Japan, North Africa, Kumwera ndi Central Europe, ku Crimea, ku Caucasus. Ma spider awa ku Russia nawonso ndiofala. Argiope ndi wa kangaude wa banja la akangaude ozungulira (Araneidae). Ndizachilendo kuti akangaude awa aziluka mawayilesi owoneka ngati gudumu, komanso pakati kuti akhale ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika (zigzag pateni). Ichi ndi kangaude. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda, nkhalango, minda, udzu wamtali pakati pa nthambi zamitengo. Kangaudeyu amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kukhwima kumachitika pambuyo pa kusungunuka kwa mkazi, pomwe mawonekedwe ake a thupi amakhalabe ofewa. Yaikazi imayikira mazira mu coco yayikulu (imawoneka ngati bokosi la mbewu) ndikuyiyika pafupi ndi tsamba losaka. Akangaude amataya coco kumayambiriro yophukira ndikukhazikika pamiyala. Kwa anthu, kangaude si wowopsa. Ululu wake umatha kuyambitsa redness pang'ono, kutupa ndi ululu, koma zizindikirozi zimachoka mwachangu kwambiri.

Akazungu Woluka - Lycosidae

Akangaude ndi banja la akangaude a araneomorphic, omwe ali ndi mitundu 2367. Mtundu wa khungu nthawi zambiri imakhala yotuwa. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Mitundu ina imafikira kuposa 3 cm (mwendo kutalika). Kangaude wa nkhandoyi amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse kupatula Antarctica. Amakonda nkhalango zonyowa, mitengo, zobisalira pansi masamba, miyala, nkhuni. Samata intaneti. Awa ndi akangaude, motero amakhala pabowo, lomwe mkati mwake limangolumikizidwa ndi timabampu. Ngati ili ndi gawo labata, mutha kupunthwa mosavuta muchipinda chapansi. Ngati pali dimba pafupi, limatha kulowa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yanu. Yogwira usiku. Muluzi wa kambuku umasaka tizirombo kapena kugwira anthu omwe akuthamanga pafupi ndi buruta wake. Kangaude uyu ndi jumper wabwino. Amatha kudumphira pamwambowu, kudzikakamiza yekha ndi chingwe. Matenga amachitika m'chilimwe. Akakhwima, mkaziyo amaikira mazira pachikuni cha kangaude, chomwe amachivala kumapeto pamimba. Pakatha milungu iwiri, akangaudewo amasiyanso ndalamayo ndikuwawira pamimba ya thukuta la amayi. Chifukwa chake amakhala pansi mpaka ataphunzira kudzipezera payekha chakudya. Kangaude wa nkhandwe si owopsa kwa anthu. Kuluma kwake kumafanana ndi mbola ya njuchi, yomwe imayambitsa kuyabwa, kutupa ndi kufiyanso, yomwe imadutsa mwachangu mokwanira.

Kutchetcha akangaude - Pholcidae

Banja ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1000 ya akangaude. Mawangaude a haymaking ali ndi thupi laling'ono komanso miyendo yayitali yopyapyala. Kukula kwa thupi 2-10 mm. Kutalika kwa miyendo kufika 50 mm. Mtundu wa imvi ndi imvi. Ma spider hayfields ndi ochulukirapo. Mitundu ina imakhala m'nyumba za anthu. Kumeneko amapeza malo ofunda ndi owuma, makamaka pafupi ndi mawindo. Amadyetsa tating'onoting'ono. Akangaude awa akhazikitsa ukonde wawukulu m'njira zosokoneza.Tsamba limakhala losasunthika, koma wovutikayo akafuna kuti atuluke, amayamba kugonja. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, zazikazi zimayikira mazira awo mu kiyuni ya kangaude, yomwe amadziphatika kumbali ya maukonde akusaka. Kwa anthu, akangaude owotcha moto alibe vuto lililonse. Ma poizoni awo ndi otetezeka, ndipo kuluma sikumveka.

Goliath Tarantula - Theraphosa blondi

Kangaude wamkuluyu amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukula kwa miyendo yake kukufika masentimita 30. Ku Venezuela (1965), m'modzi mwa oimira amtunduwu adalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Record. Kutalika kwa miyendo yake kunali masentimita 28. Amakhulupirira kuti kupendekera kwa mwendo wa Heteropoda maxima kumakhala kutalika mpaka 35. Koma mtunduwu uli ndi thupi laling'ono ndi miyendo yotalikirapo. Chifukwa chake ndi yaying'ono motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa goliati wamkulu.
Thupi la goliath ndilopepuka kapena labulawuni lakuda, lomwe limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Amakhala m'malo otchinga, momwe khomo lake limakhomedwa ndi ma cobwebs. Kangaude wamkuluyu amakhala kumapiri a Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, kumpoto kwa Brazil. Amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, makoswe, achule, abuluzi ngakhale njoka. Kutalika kwa moyo wa akazi ndi zaka 15-25, amuna - 3-6. Akangaude awa ndi odabwitsa chifukwa amatha kupangitsa phokoso, phokoso la chelicea, kuthekera kugwedeza tsitsi kuchokera pamimba pamaso pa mdani, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwa nembanemba. Komanso, goliath tarantula ili ndi chelicera lalikulu komanso lakuthwa, komwe imatha kuluma kwambiri. Poizoni wawo siowopsa kwa anthu, zizindikiritso ndi zomwezi ngati njuchi idaluma.

Kangaude Wothamanga (kangaude wa asirikali, nthochi, kangaude woyendayenda) - Phoneutria

Wothamanga kangaude waku Brazil ndiye kangaude wakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 15. Thupi lake limakhala lofiirira, loyera. Amakhala ku Central ndi South America. Kangaude othamanga amadya tizilombo, achule, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono. Amakhala m'makola, pansi pazovala zovomerezeka. Koma malo obisika ambiri m'nyumba za anthu amakhala kwawo. Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa nthochi chifukwa nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mabhokisi a nthochi. Akangaude owopsa awa ali ndi poizoni wowopsa yemwe amayambitsa kufa nthawi yomweyo, ndichifukwa chake ali kangaude waziphuphu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ululu wawo uli ndi neurotoxin PhTx3, womwe umafinya minofu yonse mthupi la munthu, umayambitsa kupindika, kenako kufa. Pakati pakuluma ndi kumwalira kokha 2-6 maola okha. Makamaka, zochita za ulalo wa kangaudeyo zimakhudzidwa ndi anthu okalamba ndi ana. Mpaka pano, pali katemera yemwe sathandizira poizoni, chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi kangaude, wothamanga ayenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu.

Monga mukuwonera, nthumwi za ma arachnids ndizosiyana: zina zimakondweretsa m'maso, ndipo ena akaona magazi akusungidwa m'mitsempha yawo, ena amatha kunyamulidwa kapena kubweretsedwera kunyumba ngati chiweto, ndipo ena amafesa mwamantha ndikupha nthawi yomweyo. Tsopano mukudziwa mitundu iti ya kangaude yomwe ilibe vuto lililonse, ndipo ndi iti yomwe muyenera kuyipewa. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti mitundu yoopsa ya akangaude sapezeka m'dera lathu, koma makamaka m'maiko otentha. Koma simudziwa zomwe zingachitike ... Zachilengedwe ndizosatsimikizika konse.

Dzinalo "kangaude - kavalo "Kuchulukako, kuphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 600 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 6000. Oimira banja lino amadziwika ndi maso akuthwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kusaka komanso kudzipenda pansi.

Komanso chochititsa chidwi ndi kupuma kwamphamvu mu thupi, komwe kumakhala ndi mapapu onse ndi trachea. Kumanani kangaude wamba zotheka pafupifupi kulikonse. Oimira mitundu yambiri amakhala m'malo otentha; amagawidwa kwambiri m'malo otentha a nkhalango, zipululu ndi mapiri, ndi mapiri (Euophrys omnisuperstes anapezeka ndi asayansi pamsonkhano wa Everest mu 70s). Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amakonda pa kangaude ndizowotcha padzuwa, kwanthawi yayitali kukhala pamalo oyenera izi, ngakhale zomata.

Mzere wachiwiri ukuimiriridwa ndi maso awiri ang'ono atakhazikika pakati pa "nkhope", mzere wachitatu uli ndi maso akulu akulu, omwe ali m'makona amutu kumbuyo, pamalire ndi chifuwa. Chifukwa chake, imakhala ikuwoneka mosalekeza pafupifupi madigiri a 360, omwe amathandiza kwambiri posaka ndikumamuthandiza kupewa msonkhano wosafunikira ndi mdani.

Kutengera mitundu, mtundu ndi mtundu wa anthu amasiyana. Oyimira mitundu ya anthu payokha amatikumbutsa kwambiri maonekedwe kapena ochepa, atha kufanananso.

Kangaude wa mahatchi ku Russia wokhala ndi pakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dongosolo labwino kwambiri la munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Inde, ndizovuta kugwira ndikuvulaza ana awa, komabe, ngati mungayesetse, mutha kugwira anthu angapo ndikuwawoka pamitengo ya zipatso kapena pabedi.

Mukangokhala malo atsopano, akangaude ayamba kusaka tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, potero adzachepetsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozunza m'mundamo.

Hatchi ya kangaude siowopsa kwa munthu, mutha kuzitenga mwachindunji ndi manja anu opanda kanthu, mosamala kwambiri kuti musavulale. Komanso, sizili ndi vuto kwa anthu osati chifukwa chakusowa kwa poizoni. kangaude wahatchi ndi woopsa , koma khungu siligonjera kuluma kwake, kuphatikiza apo, munthuyo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuti mwana angamve kuyamikiridwa ngati china chake chomwe chimafunikira ukali kapena ngakhale chisamaliro.

Pezani kangaude m'malo owala bwino. Atagwira kuyenda kwa munthu, kangaudeyo amamuyang'anitsitsa, akumayang'ana m'maso, koma osathamangira kupeza malo.

Gulani kangaude m'masitolo apamtundu wapadera, kutchuka kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wake wowala, kuvulaza kotheratu kwa anthu komanso kuthekera kosinthika ndi moyo wokhala mu ukapolo.

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