Anthu omwe amazolowera kuyankhula ndi mawu awo amawu samadabwa kwambiri akamva nyama zikufuula.
Ndipo kufuula kwamitundu iyi ndikosatha. Pali mluzu, apa pali kubangula, ndi kokhotakhota, ndi kufuula, ndi kubuula, ndi kubuula. Zimayesedwa kuti galu yekha ali ndi phokoso losiyana pafupifupi makumi atatu: kukulira, kachekedwe, kamvekedwe ndi khungwa la mitundu yonse yamithunzi ndi ma toni. Mmbulu uli ndi mawu okwana makumi awiri akusonyeza momwe akumvera, tambala amakhala ndi khumi ndi asanu, jackdaw ili ndi pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri, woyambayo ali ndi zomwezi, ndipo tsekwe ali ndi makumi awiri ndi zitatu.
Mtundu wina wosiyanasiyananso wa karyama, mbalame yaku South America ikudya njoka ndi dzombe, ndi mawu 170. Komabe, zovala za nyimbo, amatero, ndizambiri za izo. Pamapeto, lembani Pulofesa Dementiev ndi Ilyichev, akatswiri azachipembedzo a ku Soviet Union, kulira kwazisanu kukufotokozerani zachilengedwe. Zisanu ndi zinayi zakonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "banja" nthawi yachisanu, "zisanu ndi ziwiri zili ndi tanthauzo lozindikira ndipo zisanu ndi ziwiri zimatanthauzira mozungulira malo."
Koma monkey lexicon si wolemera kwambiri. Mumyeso wotsika - 15-20, apamwamba, ma chimpanzee mwachitsanzo - kuchokera pa 22 mpaka 32.
Ngakhale ng'ona, cholengedwa, mwa maakaunti onse, siyimayankhula, imatha m'njira yake, mamba, kuyankhula.
M'malo oyesera a Museum of Natural History ku New York, panali mamba anayi. Mwa mwayi adaphunzira kuti ngati mukagunda njanji yachitsulo pafupi ndi ng'ona, amayamba kulira. Amadziunjikira, ndikukweza mitu yawo, ndikujambula m'matumbo awo, kubudula kubangula kwamphamvu kuchokera pa sip. Uku kumawoneka ngati kulira kwawo pankhondo, chifukwa tsopano akuthamangizana. Ndipo mamba ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri samalira pamaso pa akuluakulu.
Koma, kodi njanji zimatenga gawo lotani pamenepa? Zinapezeka kuti zina mwa izo zimamveka mgulu lomweli monga kubangula komwe kumachokera pansi. Amasewera zolemba zomwezo pa cello ndi nyanga ya ku France: Ng'ona "zimayimba" pamtunduwu.
Akazi amphalaphala amaikira mazira awo mulu wa masamba owola, ndikusambalala. Ng'ona zazing'ono zimadziwitsa amayi awo ndi kakulidwe kabwino ka kubadwa kwawo: "humm, humm, humm". Ng'ona tsopano ikutula gulu ndikuwatulutsa. Kenako imapita ndi ana kumadzi, ndipo nthawi yonseyo "amawomba" mumseu "umf, umf" kuti asatayike.
Mbalame zoyimba, zomwe zikuimba mchaka, zimakopa zazikazi zamtundu wawo ndizolimbitsa thupi komanso zimadziwikanso malire a gawo lawo lakutali molingana ndi mfundo iyi: "Komwe kumveka mawu a nyimbo yanga, pali zinthu zanga" *.
* (Komabe, izi zimatengera dera lomwe lingakhalepo chisa. Ngati malowa ndi ochepa komanso pali mbalame zambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala pachinzake.) Pamenepa, anyamatawa samaimba amangomva komanso kuonana.)
Ndi mofuula amachenjezana za ngozi. Munthu wamkulu akangotulutsa misozi, ndiye kuti anapiye ake (ngakhale tsiku limodzi) amangokhala chete, siyani kufinya ndikubisala chisa.
Ana a seagull agwera pansi. Nyama sizingathe kupereka kulira kwawo komwe mdani ali. Katswiri wina wamasamba amalankhula za chochitika choseketsa chomwe chikusonyeza bwino mfundo imeneyi. Anayang'anitsitsana ndimangoona kanyumba kakang'ono, komwe adamanga pafupi ndi zisa zawo. Mbalamezo zinkazolowera kunyumbako kwambiri mpaka nthawi zambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito: akuluakulu amafufuza zozungulira kuchokera padenga lake, ndipo anapiye omwe abisala pano. Kamodzi wofufuza, atakhala pobisalira, adasuntha mosasamala ndikuwopseza seagull. Adafuwula: "Ndikuwona mdani!" - ndipo adachokapo pakhomo. Anapiyewo nthawi yomweyo anathamanga kukabisala. nyumba. Amakwawa "kukhola mkango" ndikubisala pakati pa miyendo ya "wolusa", yomwe idawopsa mayi awo.
Zisoka zikamayenda bwino pazomera, zimalengeza cholinga chawo osati pongotulutsa udzu ndi nthambi, komanso mofuula wapadera. (Ngati mnzakeyo sanachokere chisa ngakhale zitachitika izi, kholo losintha limangomukankhira kumazira ndikukhala pa iye.) Mbalame zambiri zimakhala ndi mawu otanthauza izi: "Ndipatseni malo pachisa."
Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti kulira kwa nkhungu, tona, atsekwe kapena abakha pamenepo zikumveka chimodzimodzi. Koma, zikuwoneka kuti, sizili choncho.
Krachki, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amalowetsa mazira. Pakatha pafupifupi ola limodzi, amasinthana wina ndi mnzake. Mazana a ma tern ena amapita pamwamba pa mbalame yomwe imakhala chisa. Samasamala kulira kwawo. Koma atayima chapatali ndipo ngakhale kuti mwakachetechete amapereka mawu kwa mnzake, iye amangodzutsa mutu wake ndikumuyang'anira. Nthawi zina mbalamezi imasilira mazira ake, kutseka maso ake, koma nthawi yomweyo imadzuka ikangomva mawu omaliza a mwamuna wake.
Mbalame zimasiyanitsa ndi liwu ndi anapiye awo. Ofufuzawo atapaka mwaye kumbuyo kwawo ndi pamutu, malo owonjezerapo, mwakuti mawonekedwe a anapiyewo anasintha kwambiri, makolowo, powona ana awo odzola, adadabwa koyamba. Amayamba kuwopseza, kukonzekera kuthamangitsa ana awo. Koma mwana wakhanda atangocheperako pang'ono, chithunzicho chidasintha: makolo adakhazikika pansi ndipo mosakaika konse adalandira ana amtendere pachifuwa cha banja.
Ungokhala, ndiye kuti, wopanda mawu, wopanda mbalame padziko lapansi. Ndi ma bulu amtundu wina waku America ku nkhuku za udzu zaku Australia zomwe sizimakuwa. Koma nyama zina zambiri zilibe zingwe, ndipo siziyankhula. Komabe, izi sizimawalepheretsa kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zanzeru. Zala ndi zala zopanda pake, pakhosi zokutira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "buccal" thovu. Wosalankhula wonyezimira, akusisita phiko limodzi motsutsana ndi linzake. Kumanja kwa mapiko ali ndi uta - mtsempha wamanjenje, kumanja - mbale yomwe amatsogolera uta. Mbaleyo imanjenjemera ndipo imamveka ngati chingwe.
Ndipo dzombe limakhala ndi vayolidi wina. Ali ndi mauta awiri - miyendo yakumbuyo. Mchiuno mwawo mulibe. Dzombe limapukusa miyendo yake kumapiko, ndipo mapiko ake akumveka.
Cicadas ndi oimba ochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ena aiwo amakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndikukhala pansi mobisalira, kotero kuti mu sabata zomaliza za moyo wawo, atatuluka mu ukapolo, alengeze m'nkhalango zowazungulira ndi kulira kwamakutu. Amati ku South America kuli ma cicadas omwe "amayimba" mokweza kwambiri ngati sitimayi yonyamuka ikulira! "Ndipo ngati pali kusagwirizana pankhanizi," a Alfred Brehm analemba kuti, "ena amati mawuwo amapangidwa ndi cicada wina, pomwe ena amalimbikira kwayala yaying'ono ya cicadas."
M'mayiko ena, ma cicadas, ngati canaries, amawasunga osungidwa ndipo amasangalala ndi "kuyimba" kwawo. Mwa ena, amawada chifukwa cha zolankhula zoyipitsa. Aigiriki akale ankakonda ma cicadas, Aroma amawada.
Ndipo ma cicadas, osayang'ana kuzunzidwa ndi anthu, usiku wonse amasangalatsa makutu a azimayi awo ndi maphokoso akulu. Amuna okha ndiwo amalankhula nawo. Mukatembenuza woimbayo kumbuyo kwake, mudzaona zolemba ziwiri "zikopa" pamimba pake. Pansi pawo, pamimba kale, zingwe zolimba mwamphamvu zimanjenjemera - ziwalo zitatu. Minofu yapadera imawagwedeza ndipo amveka. M'mimba, pomwe zingwe zimanjenjemera, cicada imakhala yopanda phokoso, ngati ng'oma, ndipo, ngati ng'oma, imapangidwanso, imakulitsa mawuwo kambirimbiri.
Ngakhale nyama zomwe zimatha kufuula ndi makosi awo nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa mawu m'njira zina. Kukutira kwamapiko mu mbalame zambiri kumafotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidziwitso: chenjezo lokhudza ngozi, ndikukopa wamkazi, ndi chenjezo kwa wotsutsa.
Snipe, tokuyu m'chaka, amatuluka kuchokera kutalika. Nthawi yomweyo, mchira wake umafalikira, ndipo nthenga zomwe zili mmenemo “zimanjenjemera” “zimatulutsa” mwa mbuzi.
Nkhumba zakutchire, panda yayikulu, paketi, mbawala yamphongo ndi nyama zina zambiri, zikakwiyitsidwa kapena, mosangalala, kutseka mano, kugogoda mphukira yamapulogalamu. Agogo ndi anyani ammenya pachifuwa ndi nkhonya, ndipo m'makutu mwawo mumatuluka. Agaluwa amagogoda pansi mokwiya. Osati izi zokha: kuti "atulutsidwe", nthawi zina amaponya miyala pansi ndipo izi zimakumbutsa ena achi psychos aku America omwe amamenya mbale m'mbale (mwachidziwikire, chindapusa).
Mwanjira ina, mawu ake ndi njira zomwe amapangidwira mu ufumu wa nyama ndizosiyana kwambiri mwakuti aliyense amene angafune kuyankhula zambiri za iwo ayenera kulemba mulu waukulu wa pepala.
Asayansi: ng'ona zimalankhulirana kuyimba
Malinga ndi asayansi, agalu ndi ng'ona amayimba pang'ono mosiyana ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito kuyimba ngati njira yofotokozera.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a zochizira nyama ochokera ku yunivesite ya ku Austria ku Vienna, nyama zamtchire zimatha kugwedezeka ndi mpweya mkati mwa mawu ofanana ndi mbalame. Kutengera ndi kugwedezeka, oimira ena amtunduwu amatha kudziwa kukula kwa omwe adapanga mawu awa. Zowona, kumvera kuimba kwa ng'ona sikosangalatsa khutu la munthu, koma, malinga ndi akatswiri, kuimba koteroko ndi njira yapadera yolumikizirana ndi izi zapambuyo.
Ming'alu ndi zimbira zimatha kuyimba.
Pofuna kutsimikizira chiphunzitso chawo, akatswiri adachita kafukufuku ku Florida Zoo, komwe anali ndi mwayi wokhoza kuyang'ana mitundu makumi atatu ndi iwiri ya alligators ndi ng'ona. Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa iwo anali wamkazi wamkulu wamkazi. Pomwe madera ena olondera akuluakulu amafalitsa kufuula kwawo, iye ankawayankha pafupipafupi, anatero a Stefan Reber, omwe amawongolera maphunziro awa.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezedwa, asayansi anatha kumvetsetsa kuti "arias" oterewa amapereka mwayi kwa ng'ona ndi ma forigator mwayi "wolengeza" kukula kwa matupi awo. Kwa obwezera, "nkhani" zotere ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa malo awo komanso chibwenzi chawo zimadalira kukula kwa anthu.
Mwinanso, ma dinosaurs atha kuchita chimodzimodzi. Ndipo popeza onsewa ndi mbewa komanso ng'ona, ndipo mbalamezo zinali ndi kholo limodzi ndi ma dinosaurs, zitha kulingaliridwa kuti ngati asayansi amatha kumvetsetsa bwino mawu awo, izi zingawathandizenso kumvetsetsa kulumikizana ndi archosaurs, omwe atha kale.
Zotsatira za kafukufuku woyimba ming'alu ndi zida zonse, ofufuza adasindikiza mu Journal of Experimental Biology.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi mamba amalankhula bwanji?
Amadziwika kuti ng'ona ndi ma inigine adakhala nthambi zodziyimira zokha za mtengo wosinthika ngakhale mitengo isanathe, ndiye kuti, zaka pafupifupi 70 miliyoni zapitazo. Kenako zilankhulo zawo zidasinthidwa, koma masiku ano zimamvetsetsa bwino kapena pang'ono. Ng'ona ikaopseza wolowerera, ndiye kuti wopanga zinthuyo amadziwa zomwe akufuna kumuuza. Mwachitsanzo: zilankhulo za anthu, zikasokonekera, zimakhala zosamveka zaka pafupifupi 500. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani njira yolankhulirana ndi ng'ona ndiyabwino kwambiri kotero kuti imakhala yosasangalatsa komanso yosintha pang'ono pakapita nthawi?
Sizingakhale zovuta kuphunzira chilankhulo chonse chamtundu umodzi nthawi yomweyo, popeza kuti dissertation iyenera kutetezedwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, osati m'miyoyo itatu, kotero ndidaganiza zolimbikira pazizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nyengo yakukhwima. Popeza maina amuna ndi akazi ndiosiyana, ndidaganiza zokhala moyo wanga wosalira zambiri ndikutenga ma sign amuna okhaokha. Nthawi yakukhwima, ng’ona zamphongo zimayimba. Kwa makutu athu, izi, zachidziwikire, sizofanana kwambiri ndi nyimbo. Mbidzi yaimuna imakweza mutu ndi mchira wake, ndikuyamba kugwedezeka, ndipo mbali imodzi imangobangula, ndipo ina imachita kupunduka. Pakadali pano, madzi kumbuyo kwake amawira.
Kubangula kwa Alligator kumveka ngati injini yamatangi ikuyambira. Imafalikira kwambiri kudzera mumlengalenga pamwamba pa madzi, koma sizimalowa m'madzi. Infrasound imafalitsidwa ndi amuna okhaokha, ndipo pazifukwa izi ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi. Ma frequency ake ndi pafupifupi 10 Hz - izi ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa zomwe timamva. Ngati muli pafupi kwambiri ndi ng'ona, mudzaigwira, koma izi, mwambiri, sizofunikira, chifukwa mumamva ndi thupi lanu lonse, izi ndizinthu zamphamvu kwambiri. Ngati mungayang'ane woyimbira woyimbira kuchokera kumwamba, mutha kuwona kuti infrasound simapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe, koma mothandizidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa khoma pachifuwa. Izi zimapanga dongosolo la madontho amadzi akuvina - otchedwa Faraday mafunde. Pomwe ndimachita izi, zimakhulupirira kuti izi ndizotsatira zoyipa zomwe zilibe kanthu, koma kuyambira pamenepo zadziwika kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro chowoneka cha nyama zina.
Ndipo chifukwa chiyani ng'ona zimapinda mitu yawo?
Kuphatikiza pa kubangula komanso kukhumudwitsa, zibowo zam'mimba zimawomberanso mitu yawo. Mitundu yokhala ndi mutu wopendekera kwambiri imadula nsagwada zawo pamwamba pa madzi. Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu omwe poyamba amangochita zomwezo? Ndidaganiza kuti mitundu itatuyi ya mawu imagawidwa mosiyanasiyana ndikupereka chidziwitso munjira zosiyanasiyana: "Ndikusambira pano, amuna onse akulu, okongola - atsikana, akuwuluka!".
Ma infrasound kudutsa madzi amafalikira kwambiri, pafupifupi mopanda malire - mathagwada ndi chithandizo chake amvezerana kwa mazana makilomita. Koma infrasound ndizovuta kwambiri kumvetsetsa komwe zimachokera, kuphatikiza apo, pafupipafupi nyama zonse ndizofanana. Mukungodziwa kuti kwina komwe kuli wamwamuna wamkulu wathanzi - kuti apange infrasound pansi pamadzi, muyenera kukhala wamkulu - koma simukudziwa komwe ali. Ndipo ngati pali amuna angapo, simungamvetse kuti ndi iti yomwe imapereka mawu. Kuchokera pamasamba, ndikosavuta kudziwa komwe achokera. Amanyamulidwa ndimadzi, koma amamveka mlengalenga. Kubangula kumafalikira kokha kudzera mumlengalenga. Ngati muli ndi alligator m'madziwe osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti zokoka zambiri sizingakufikireni, koma kubangula ndi phokoso kukufikirani. Ngati muli mumtsinje womwewo, ndiye kuti infrasound ikufikirani kwambiri kuposa kubangula. Chifukwa chake, nkwanzeru kulingalira kuti ngati ng'ona ikhala mumtsinje waukulu kapena nyanja, ndiye kuti ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito mopanda phokoso ndi kuwombera, ndipo ngati akukhala m'malo osowa kwambiri ndipo akufuna kuti amveke kwa oyandikana nawo, ndibwino kuti agwiritse ntchito kubangula komanso kuwomba ngati zisonyezo.
Zina zimamveka ngati belu
Ndidakhala ndi lingaliro: kusiyana pakati pa chizimba chomveka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikutengera komwe mitunduyi imakhala. Popeza nyama za ng'ona zimakhala pamakondomu osiyanasiyana, kuyesa chiphunzitsochi kunatenga zaka zambiri, zimachita khama komanso ndalama zambiri. Koma zidapezeka kuti mitundu 15 yomwe ilibe mtundu uliwonse wa malo, koma "kulikonse", imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yazizindikiro chimodzimodzi. Mitundu 7 yomwe imangokhala m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono imangobangula, koma sigwiritsa ntchito mbama kapena mwina siyigwiritsa ntchito konse. Ndipo mitundu isanu yomwe imangokhala m'madzi akulu okha, m'malo mwake, owala, koma osabangula, ndipo ngati amabangula, ndiye kuti kubangula kwake kumakhala kofooka kwambiri, kocheperako. Chokha chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi gavial, kuwonjezera pa kubangula ndi kudulira nsagwada, ili ndi phokoso lina lapadera - palibe amene amadziwa momwe imapangidwira. Nyimboyi imakhala ngati belu losweka, imanyamulidwa ndimadzi, ndipo gavial, mwachidziwikire, amagwiritsa ntchito m'malo mopusitsa.
Pazakuwongolera kwazambiri zam'mimba, nyimbo ndi zovina
Pakufufuzako, chinthu chosangalatsa chidapezeka: pakati pa opanga zinthu, anthu ambiri sanasiyane pamagwiritsidwe, koma anali osiyana kwambiri momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ndipo ma ng'ona anali ndi zosiyana - anthu anali osiyanasiyana m'njira yogwiritsira ntchito kubangula, koma kuchuluka kwa malo ogonako kunali kofanana. Zinanditengera nthawi yambiri kuti ndimvetsetse chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika. Ndipo lingaliro loterolo linabuka: zonse za mamba ndi zowonjezera, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zimatha kugwira ntchito yachiwiri. Ndipo kunapezeka kuti ng'ona pagulu lililonse limangoyimilira wamwamuna wamkulu, "mwiniwake wa abusa." Mwamuna wina akayamba kubangula, amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Alligators ndi njira ina kuzungulira - alibe olamulira mwamphamvu, koma ali ndi gulu lovuta, lomwe sili lomveka kwa ife. Koma kubangula kwawo kuli ndi ntchito inanso. Mosiyana ndi ng'ona, ma alligator amayimba nyimbo, ndipo momwe ndinadabwira ndikupeza, nawonso amavina. Kuvina kumachitika usiku, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndizosavuta kuwona, koma palibe amene adachitapo izi ndisanachitike.Ndikopindulitsa kwa onse omwe amatenga nawo gawo pama gule awa ndi kuyimba koyimba kuti akhale ndi otenga nawo mbali ambiri momwe angathere ndikusankha omwe angatenge nawo gawo. Malimbidwe onse amafunika kubangula kuti akope nyama zambiri momwe zingathere poyimba.
Poti ndi chifukwa chiyani osewera ndi ng'ona amavina
Mphamvu zomwe zilipo ndizofanana ndi zovina zam'mudzimo: mutha kubwera ndi mtsikana kapena nokha, osati kuti mungachoke kumeneko ndi mtsikana yemwe mudachokera, ndipo mutha kubwera kumeneko chifukwa choti mukufuna kumenya nkhondo. Pali kupsinjika kotero kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti wowona wakunja asamve kuti ndani akupanga ndani ndi ndani, koma onse opanga omwe amawongoleredwa mwanjira imeneyi.
Tsopano anthu angapo akufuna kuyesa kusintha mitundu yazachilengedwe. Zina kuti amakhala ndi zibwenzi zosagwirizana, koma achikulire ambiri amakhala ndi zibwenzi zomwe amakonda amakumana nazo chaka ndi chaka. Nthawi zambiri amabwera kuvina ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi wawo wokondedwa ndikusiya limodzi, koma zimachitika kuti zonse zimasintha. Nthawi zina pamakhala nkhondo, ndipo zazikulu kwambiri - zimachitika kuti nyama zimafa. Ubwenzi umachitika kumeneko - ophunzitsa ambiri amayenda limodzi mmodzi, ndipo amasambira awiriawiri. Palibe chilichonse chonga ichi chimachitika ndi ng'ona - osatinso munthu adaziwona kale.
Chingwe cholumikizira mlengalenga chitha kuzolowera malo okhala. Dongosolo losinthasintha ili ndilabwino kwambiri kotero kuti palibe chifukwa chosinthira. Ndikuganiza kuti ndichifukwa chake lidakhalako kwa zaka mamiliyoni.
Momwe mamba amasaka
Njira zakusaka kwa nyama yamakoko zimasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe zalembedwera m'mabuku. Amakhulupirira kuti ndiabisalira makamaka, ndipo akuyembekezera nyama m'mphepete mwa madzi. Komabe, pomwe ofufuzawo adaphatikiza zipinda zazing'ono zamtundu wautchire, adazindikira kuti amasambira usiku wonse ndikusaka pansi pamadzi ngati nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhono, ndi akamba ang'ono. Ndipo ndidapeza kuti amatha kusaka kunjira zakutchire kwambiri ndi madzi - mtunda wa 50 metres.
Chomwe chinandisangalatsa kwambiri pamene anali kusaka ngati gulu. Kusaka kodabwitsa kwambiri komwe ndidawonako kunali kumadzulo kwa New Guinea. Panali chimbudzi chachikulu, pakati pomwe panali njira yoponda matope. Pakugwa kotsika, idakwera pamwamba pamadzi, ndipo nkhumba, agalu, ndi nzika zina zamderalo amazigwiritsa ntchito. Mamba adagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa nyama yomwe inkatsata njirayo. Amvetsetsa kuti mwana wang'ombe akhoza kumangogwidwa ndi mwendo, ndipo chiwerengerochi sichingadutse ndi nkhumba.
Nthawi ina nditakhala pamtengo ndikuwona, ndipo nkhumba inkayenda m'njira. Kumbali ina ya njirayo panali ng'ona yayikulu, yayikulu, ndipo mbali inayo, ng'ona ziwiri zazing'ono. Nkhumba itangogwira ndi ng'ona yayikulu, idamuwombera, koma osati momwe amachitira nthawi zambiri, koma amachita ngati agalu akuchita, kuyesa kumuwopseza munthu kuti atuluke: adatsegula pakamwa ndikuthamangira nkhumba ndi kubangula kowopsa. Nkhumba idachita mantha, zomwe zinali zovuta kuyimba mlandu, idathamangira mbali ina, ndikumaliza theka lanyanjayo, ng’ona ziwiri zazing'ono zinagwira ndikuyang'amba pomwepo. Ng'ona yayikulu idayenda mosangalala m'njira, kenako pamangodutsamo. Ndipo ndidakhala ndi malingaliro oti ngona zitatuzo zidakonzekeratu zonsezi, chifukwa njirayo idakwezedwa ndipo samatha kuonana. Koma ndinazindikira izi kamodzi.
Nyama zonse ku Louisiana zimasaka motere: zimagawika m'magulu awiri, nyama zazikulu mosiyana, zazing'ono payokha. Nsomba zikuluzikulu zimayendetsedwa kuchokera pansi penipeni pa dziwe, pomwe olimira ang'ono akuyembekezera. Kenako magulu onse awiriwa amakumana ndikugawana nsomba zokha. Izi zawoneka kale ndi anthu angapo.
Ng'ona zaku Swamp ku Sri Lanka zimasambira mozungulira mozungulira sukulu ina ya nsomba, ndipo bwalo'li limakhala laling'ono, laling'ono komanso laling'ono, ndipo kenako ng'ona zimayamba kusambira kuti zisinthe pakati pa bwalo ndikugwira momwe mungathere.
M'dera limodzi ku Asia, komwe kunali zitsamba zambiri, ndidawona kuti ng’ona nthawi zambiri zimasambira ndi timitu pamitu yawo. Ndimaganiza kuti chinali chobisika kwambiri, natenga chithunzi chake ndikupitilira. Kenako ndidakumana ndi zomwezo ku Florida, komwe kunalinso gulu lalikulu la heron. Kenako ndinazindikira kuti izi sizingachitike mwangozi. Mu nthawi yakudya, ma heron akusowa kwambiri zomangamanga, amafunafuna masamba, amawakoka kuchokera kwina kuchokera ku zisa, chifukwa cha izi pamakhala nkhondo. Ndipo Ng'ona wokhala ndi mphuno pamphuno yake imakhala ndi mwayi wabwino wokopa heron, yomwe ingayesetse kugwira izi. Ndinafufuza pang'ono ku Louisiana, ndipo zidapezeka kuti alligators amasambira kwenikweni ndi timitengo kuzungulira madera a heron komanso nthawi yakubzala. Zonsezi zikuwonetsa: potengera njira zosiyanasiyana zakusaka, ming'alu ndi yachiwiri kwa anthu. Zaka 5-10 zokha zapitazo palibe amene amadziwa chilichonse chokhudza izi.
Crocodiles kindergartens ndi masewera a mpira
Mamba imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wosamalira ana. Pa alligators pali kindergartens, yomwe akazi amateteza nawonso. Zinaonekanso kuti ng'ona zimakonda kusewera. Izi zinali zodziwika kwa anthu omwe adagwira nawo ntchito limodzi muzipatala, koma sizinabwerere m'mabuku asayansi konse. Zinapezeka kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ng'ona imakonda kusewera ndi maluwa apinki. Anthu ambiri amakonda kusewera mpira. Pali makanema angapo amomwe mamba amaphulikira ma surf. Amasewera ndi zinthu zotulutsa mawu, ndimayimbidwe amadzi. Ana ena ambiri amakwera kumbuyo kwa abale ndi alongo achichepere. Zosangalatsa Kwambiri - Ngona amatha kusewera ndi mitundu ina. Ndinkayang'ana wogulitsa yemwe amakonda kusewera ndi otter. Ndipo nkhani yosangalatsanso kwambiri idachitika ku Costa Rica - kumeneko zaka 20 zapitazo asodzi a komweko adapeza mamba wokhala ndi mutu wowombedwa m'nkhalango, adabweretsa kunyumba, natuluka ndipo adakhala abwenzi apamtima. Anasambira limodzi, kusewera, kusewera wina ndi mnzake - ng'ona inali ikutuluka m'mbuyo ndikuyesera kuwopseza munthu. Akatswiri a Crocodile adaneneratu zakusokonekera - akuti, posachedwa tsoka limachitika. Mapeto ake, Ng'ona adamwalira ndi ukalamba. Munthu sanalandire chikwangwani chimodzi panthawiyi.
Mwa zovuta za mikhalidwe, ng'ona sizotsika kuposa mbalame ndi zinyama, ndipo izi zidadziwika tsopano. Kodi zidatheka bwanji kuti nyama zazikulu komanso zodziwika bwinozi zisaphunzire bwino? Pali zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, tikamalankhula za nyama zanzeru, timatanthawuza kuthekera kwawo kuganiza ngati ife. Aliyense amene amaganiza mosiyana nthawi zambiri samadziwika ndi ife ngati wanzeru kwambiri. Kachiwiri, ng'ona zimakhala ndi nthawi yosiyana. Amatha kugona pamphepete kwa mwezi umodzi, osasunthika panthawiyi, ndikuyembekezera china chosangalatsa - mwachitsanzo, kasupe abwera. Anthu ambiri sakhala ndi chipiriro pakuwona ngodya. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa ine. Chifukwa chachitatu - zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zamakoko zimachitika usiku, ndipo pazifukwa zina sizinachitike kwa wina aliyense kuti kunali kofunikira kuphunzira mamba kuthengo komanso usiku. Nditangoyamba kuchita izi, ndinapezanso kuvina kwa alligator sabata yoyamba. Chifukwa chachinayi - nyama zamagazi ozizira zimawoneka zosawoneka bwino kwa ife kuposa amwazi ofunda komanso athanzi. Ndipo kuvuta kwinanso - zambiri zomwe ndangonena sizimatheka ndikuwona mu ukapolo.
Mverani bakha
Atsekwe si oyandikana nawo oyipa, ngakhale phokoso kwambiri. Ngakhale abale awo akuthambo, akauluka modutsa kumwera kupita kumwera kapena kunyumba, osangokhala chete kwa mphindi imodzi, kuthandizana: "Ha-ha-ha, nyamuka, m'bale, ha-ha-ha, muli m'mbuyo!" Inde, ndipo pabwalo la nkhuku nthawi zonse amasangalala nawo. Ngakhale, wokondedwa kwambiri, wopatsa chidwi kwambiri, ndi tambala. Anthu akumumva kwa makilomita angapo. Sikuti akungonena! Khosi lake limatha, amalisintha kuti lizitulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana. M'mawa amalira podzuka ndi mawu omveka bwino, kenako amakopa nkhuku, nazonso, mwamphamvu, koma mwakachetechete, modalirika. Mwanjira yosiyana kotheratu, akuwaitana kuti adyetse. Komabe, liwu la tambala wina ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi linzake, iliyonse ili ndi yake, imadziwika. Mokulira nyimbo ya tambala, nkhuku zambiri zimazikonda, posakhalitsa zidzakhala ndi ana.
Tambala
Kodi pali wina aliyense amene alibe chidwi ndi zotumphukira zazikasu izi? Nkhuku zokhala ndi nimble, zomwe zimakonda kuseketsa mawu ocheperako, zimakonda kulankhulana ndi nkhuku ya ana omwe amazisamalira. Nthawi zina kufinya kumakulirakulira - ang'ono amakhala ndi ludzu kapena ludzu. Ndipo akagona pansi pa mapiko a amayi awo, nkhukuzo zimapitilizabe kufinya “piiii-piiii-pi-piiiii” m'maloto nawonso. Ndipo nkhuku iwayankha modekha "ko-ko-kooooooo", ngati lulling. Mwanjira yosiyaniratu, amatenga nkhuku momuzungulira pabwalo, momwe mumakhala zoopsa zambiri. Mawu ake ndi oopsa. Amakuwa, makoko. Pafupifupi nkhuku iliyonse imadziwa nyimbo zotere. Ikafika nthawi yoti ayike dzira, amadziyimba mofuula kuti “ko-ko-ko” m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ndani akuyenda wopitilira nkhuku ndi fanizi la mchira? Kodi zapamwambazi zidachokera kuti? Koma kukongola uku nthawi zambiri kumakhazikitsidwa pabwalo la nkhuku. Ngakhale mawonekedwe a regal, pikoko ndi nkhuku yaying'ono (yochokera ku nkhuku). Koma liwu la pikoko siligwirizana ndi mawonekedwe. Ndizosatheka kuyambiranso ndemanga za anthu omwe anali odabwitsa omwe amalira modzidzimutsa aja adadzidzimuka. Ndikwabwino kumvera mawu a nyama, omwe ndi ovuta kuyankhula. Amphaka amwezi wa Marichi amatha kutenga pikoko kupita ku kampani!
Magawo nawonso amachokera ku nkhuku, koma sabwera ku nkhuku ndipo amayimba nyimbo zosiyana. Zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kumvetsera mawu a nyama nthawi yamasika. Onse amasamala za kubereka, kumanga ubale wabanja. Mbawala yamiyendo yoyera yamiyendo imalirira monyansitsa m'makutu a anthu, koma zazikazi monga zamanyazi izi, zofanana panthawi imodzimodzi kuseka mwamwano, galu wamtchire akungolira komanso phokoso la chule lalikulu. Komabe, nthawi iliyonse pachaka amakhala wokonzeka kukwaniritsa izi. Matanthauzowo amakhala osiyana pang'ono, koma ambiri amafanana. Nyimbo yokhayo ndi yomwe ingachitidwe mosiyana ndi chikhumbo - ngati ndichowopa. Akazi amalankhula bwino kwambiri ndi bambo wa banja komanso anapiye. Popeza awa ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a nkhuku, "ko-ko-ko" amapezekanso mu nyimbo zawo. Ndipo pheasant ndi mbalame yakuthengo. Anaphunzira mawu ndi nyama za m'nkhalango, amaopa aliyense, chifukwa akazi nthawi zambiri samamveka mawu, amawopa obwera pambuyo pake. Wamphongo amatha kufuula kangapo pangozi. Liwu ndilosautsa, nyimbo yosavuta ndi imodzi mwa zonse. “Kvoh! Kvoh! " - ndi nyimbo yonse.
Pamenepo, pabwalo la nkhuku, nkhuku imaseka moseketsa. Alinso ndi mawu ake omwe simungasokoneze ndi mtundu wina uliwonse. Koma kubowola ngati tambala, ogwedezeka sangayimbe. Ndipo ma turkeys - mbalame ndizabwino kwambiri, zimangokhala chete, ndipo nyimbo yawo imasiyana ndi nkhuku chifukwa izi "ko-ko-ko" zimamveka ndi mphaka ngati purring komanso mkokomo wa gurgling. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kumvetsera mawu a ziweto, kusiyanitsa mawu. Zingakhale zodabwitsa ngati Turkey, itawona kite kuthambo, ikayamba kufinya mtima, ndikuitcha ziweto zake! Ndipo anachitadi momwemo! Zoopsa, ndi chowonadi, zili ponseponse.
"Mphungu!" - mbalame zamantha zimangolira, - "Mphungu!", koma kulibe ziwombankhanga. Amadziwika mosiyanasiyana ndipo amafuula mosiyanasiyana. Chiwombankhanga chagolide - mokuwa komanso mwabata, mwachitsanzo. Ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti Turkey wake amve. Samakonda kupereka mawu. Ndipo ngati kufuula mokweza, ndi manda, manda, kapena chiwombankhanga. Ngati mkokomo ukubangula, wogontha, ndiye chiwombankhanga. Chiwombankhanga cha njati chimachitikanso, chomwe chimatsimikizira mphaka. Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi liwu losiyana kotheratu. Liwongo limalankhula pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima. Koma ndiye waluso! Modekha, modekha, modzidzimutsa, akubwereza kuti: “Kyak!” kapena "keeeeek!", komanso ngati wakwiya, akwiya kwambiri ndikufuula "kra-kra!"
Pa hawk, nyimbo imamvekanso mwankhanza, koma modabwitsa, ndiyabwino kwambiri. Chimawoneka ngati "ciiiiiii" chokhazikitsidwa ndi "ki-ki-ki". Maphokoso ndi oyimba ngakhale, monga ngati zitoliro zimamveka. Goshawk imakoka tiv-tiv kukwera mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Nyimbo yake imamveka bwino kwambiri. Wamphongo amayimba nyimbo zingapo zazitali kuposa zazikazi. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, nyimbo ya ma govawks ndiyabwino kwambiri. "Tju-tiuuu!" Amuna amayimba. Palinso mimbulu kumwamba pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Amakhala chete, osakonda, oseketsa, azizimba. Vulites ndi whist. Zidyera zonse ndizosiyana. Mbalame iliyonse imakhala ndi yayo repertoire!
Ndani sanamve miyambi ndi mawu onena za kukhulupirika, pa nyimbo yomaliza! Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti suki siwosangalatsa konse. Ndipo pali mitundu 10 ya swans, iliyonse ndi kalankhulidwe kake. Mayina odziwika kwambiri, olankhula: mbewa yosakasa, woweruza, woliza. Nthawi zambiri, onse amasambira ngati atsekwe. Inde, ndi atsekwe! Kuchokera pamndandanda wa Anseriformes. Koma pangozi kapena pachisoni, amalira mofuula kwambiri. Nyama ndizabwino, chikondi chawo ndiye chokhacho, ndipo ndikataya theka, asodziwo akufuna kwambiri. Chifukwa chake miyambi ili ndi mawu mwa anthu.
Ifenso tili ndi malingaliro ofanana amtunduwu kwa otakasuka. Ngakhale wokhulupirira nyenyezi woyamba adatenga chizindikiro choterocho. Mbalameyi singatchedwe pevunya ngakhale. Phokoso lomwe amapanga ndi lakuthwa, lokwera, lokugudubuza, lodzigumula, mobwerezabwereza. Krachka ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi seagull. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi yofanana, koma yochulukirapo kuposa ina. Mawu a ma tern osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana. Phokoso limakonda kusweka, osati lokondweretsa, ngakhale mbalameyo imakhala yokongola komanso yosangalatsa kuuluka.
Kokani
Sparrow amadziwa bwino kwa aliyense, zingaoneke. Koma timangodziwa mpheta zam'makomo ndi munda. Amakhala amalira ndi tweet, amakhala okondwa nthawi zonse ndi moyo, makamaka kasupe ndi chilimwe. Mpikisano wake wosasintha podyera zodyera ndi chakhumi. Timakumana ndi gawo lalikulu komanso mtundu wa buluu - titani lamtambo. Mawu awo amveka kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, nyimbozi ndizosangalatsa, zoseketsa, zosangalatsa komanso zoseketsa. Zomwe akuwonetsa zimaphatikizaponso nyimbo zazitali zokhala ndi ma vesi ambiri, ndi mafoni afupiafupi, ofanana ndi zizindikiro za atsikana: "Sit-sit-sit-dididiiidi!" (Kutanthauzira: "Ichi ndi chakudya, chiuluka!").
Pali malo ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi pomwe nkhunda sizimakhazikika pansi pazenera. Mawu awo sangathe kufotokozedwa, aliyense adamva. Komabe, tili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nkhunda, ndipo zokhazokha - zowoneka bwino - zowuma chaka chonse. Liwu la mmero ndilosiyana pang'ono ndi nyimbo iyi, imangomveka pang'ono, koma kuwomba kwa kamvuluvuluyu kumasiyanitsidwa ngakhale ndi munthu yemwe samvetsera kwambiri. M'nthawi yamasika komanso koyambilira kwa chilimwe, nsomba zam'madzi zimapha kulikonse. Ino si nyama yam'nyanja orca, uyu ndi mbalame yathu yam'meza. Nyimboyi ndi yosavuta, koma ndiyabwino kwambiri: twitter-twitter-twitter komanso krisp sonorous trill kumapeto. Komabe, pakakhala ngozi, wakuphayo amapukutika mokweza, chizindikiro chawo ndi chakuthwa, m'mitundu iwiri.
Blackbird thrush si woyimba bwino kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya akuda, satchuka m'derali. Mawu ake ndi akulu. Akamanga chisa, amakhala chete. Ngati chitetezo chikufunika, iye amafuula kuti "shak-shak-shak!" Mwakuwopseza, ndipo, kwenikweni, akuwopsa ambiri. Kwa mzimu ndikwabwino kumvera momwe mbalame zina zamtambo wathu zimayimbira: ma bulugamu ndi ma chatter, ma gaiters ndi redstart, akhwangwala ndi ma jackdaw, ndi zovala zina zakuda, pomaliza. Belobrovik ndi wakuda, chiguduli komanso chovala nyimbo. Zoyankhira pamunda sizikulirira, ndiye chinthucho. Ndipo popanda mzungu, nyimboyo ndi yokongola ndipo mwina si mbalame. Komabe, ayi, zimachitika!
Apa, mwachitsanzo, lark ikhoza kuchita izi: imatsanulira mokweza, kutulutsa kwake mosalekeza kumamveka kumtunda ndi kutali. Maloboti amapezeka mwangwiro, wopondera ndi greenfinch, Finch. Amawomba mluzu pang'ono. Ndipo chimphepo champhamvu chotani nanga chomwe Oriole adatsanuliridwira! Linnet, wren ndi kinglet amaliza mofuula komanso modekha, amalira kwambiri komanso mokondwa.Oatmeal ndi penochki, flycatchers ndi buluu tit, ma sandworms ndi ma pikas, nyenyezi ndi zokongola - chilengedwe chathu ndichuma chambiri! Pali Nightingale imodzi kuthengo - danga ladzaza ndi phokoso la paradiso! Koma pakadali masisitere ndi ngolo, ma nthabwala ndi nthabwala, ngakhale zovala zamtoto ndi akhwangwala. Ndipo liwu laphokoso, loseketsa limawonjezeredwa ndi kwaya yonse - imayimba golide wagolide. Nyimbo yake imakhala yodzaza ndi mawu osiyanasiyana ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chosangalatsa kwambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti titha kumangomva osungulumwa a mtima, banja siliyimba. Osati zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa iye, ndiye.
Mbalame ya kestrel imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya mawu yosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kutalika, voliyumu kutengera nyengo. Liwu limamvekedwa kwambiri nthawi yamasewera. Akazi amapemphapempha chakudya kwa osankhidwa awo, omwe amadyetsa onse mkazi ndi ana. Nthawi zonse akabweretsa chakudya, wamphongo amayimba nyimbo. Banja lake silikufa ndi njala! Ndipo mumdima mumatha kumva kulira kwa kadzidzi. Nthawi zambiri nyimbo yake imakhala ndi masilabo awiri obwerezedwa kambirimbiri m'mawu okwiya: “W. guuuu. ", Ndipo wamkazi nthawi zina amamuyankha ndi mawu okwera pang'ono osati mokweza, koma matchulidwe ake siokonda kwambiri. Mawu awa ndi omveka kwambiri, makilomita anayi. Oluka amagwiritsa ntchito mawu amawu kwambiri, ngakhale nyimboyo imakanika. Amayesa zolimba: amaliza mluzu, ndi kulira, ndi kufinya, koma kubuula kumeneku sikotali ndi melodic.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa tanthauzo la mawu a ziweto ndi mbalame. Mwachitsanzo, ma canaries ndi masters a opera kwambiri. Nyimbo zawo sizikuwoneka ngati zikubwerezedwa, mawu ndiovuta kwambiri: matumizidwe, milungu, twitter pamagulu osagwirizana. Akuti kutchire ku zilumba za Canary, kuyimba canaries ndikwabwino kwambiri. Kunyumba, mitundu yambiri ya canary imaberekedwa, koma kuchuluka kwake sikungafanane ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe - kuchokera ku budgies tating'ono kwambiri mpaka zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, ma macaw. Mbalame zonsezi ndizotsitsa mwatsatanetsatane, sizachabe kuti amaphunzitsidwa kulankhula, zomwe zimayenda bwino nthawi zonse. Koma, ngakhale atengera kutengera, parrot aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi nyimbo yake, yomwe mwiniwakeyo adzafotokozanso.
Amadziwika kuti kufuula kulikonse, kung'ung'udza, kubwezera nthawi zonse kumatanthauza china chake. Kuchokera pa kutola koyamba kwa nkhuku, munthu ayenera kulosera zomwe mbalameyo ikufuna: chisamaliro kapena chakudya pang'ono. Mawu a parrot nthawi zonse amakhala pempho lotsimikiza. Ngati mwininyumbayo samvetsetsa, parrot imangobwereza mawu ndikudula. Mbalameyi imangokhala "kutafuna" ngati yatanganidwa ndi bizinesi iliyonse yosangalatsa. Ngati chiweto chidasangalatsidwa, chimatha kufuulira mokakamira komanso mokweza, mpaka pakufinya kwa nkhumba. Zomwezi zimachitikanso ngati parrot wavulala, kupukutidwa, mwachitsanzo. Zili ngati munthu akufuula akakumana pangozi ndi patebulo. Ngati parrot sakhala munyengoyi, amapanga chipongwe: mawu onse owopsa a nyama sangafanane ndi kufuula kowopsa kumeneku. Koma nthawi zambiri momwe mbalame imasangalalira ndi yabwino, imakhala yosangalala ndipo imayimba "chiviki" chokoma, "chaki", "tambala", ngati madzi ochepa mchaka.
Budgerigar
Ngati budgerigar "quacks", imakopa chidwi, ngati ikulira ndi ma tweets, imakhala yodzaza, ndipo ngati imayimba, muyenera kuipatsanso, chifukwa chake imapempha chithandizo. Dziwani kuti m'malo otentha kwambiri ma parrote onse amayimba pokhapokha ngati akufuna kubereka, nthawi yonseyo asakufuna. Paukapolo, muyenera kupeza ndalama zogulira buledi, ndipo mukufuna kusangalala, ndizosangalatsa kukhala m'chikwere. Si maparishi onse omwe ali ndi mawu okoma. Mwachitsanzo, agalu amalankhula mokhazikika. Komabe, chithunzicho chimasokoneza. Lolani mawu a mbalameyo kulira kuti dothi lonse ndi kristalo akhale wokonzeka kuphulika, koma mukapanga lingaliro, kufuula kwanthawi yayitali kumatha. Nyama zomwe zili m'nyumba yomweyo sizimagwirizana ndi parrot. Mwinanso, ndizovuta kwa iwo okhala m'malo otentha kuti azitha kukhala limodzi ndi mbalame zoterezi.
Mbalame ina yotentha - mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird - imagwirizana mosavuta ndi aliyense, ngakhale ayimva kaye kenako amayesa kutulutsa. Nyimbo yake siili yovuta kwambiri ndipo siyosangalatsa kwa khutu la munthu - maulendo apamwamba kwambiri, mawu abwinoko, kuboola. Uku ndikuyitanitsa kwa masekondi amodzi ndi theka, kutsatiridwa ndi trill yaying'ono yokhala ndi pafupipafupi. Mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mawu ocheperako komanso a sonorous. Ndipo kwinakwake pafupi nkhomaliro yamvula mbalame imawuluka, yomwe nkhuku yokhala ndi chinyama chonyowa imakhazikika pamphuno mwake. Mbalameyi ndi mbalame yam'madzi, yoposa khumi ya iyo, ndipo m'modzi mwa iwo akunena mosabisa kuti: “Tokano, Tokano. ". Mawu enawo sanalowe mu nyimboyo, ndipo nyimboyo imangokhala ngati chule kuposa mbalame. Ndipo mbalameyo ndi yokongola, yowala. Palibe nzeru kusangalala, ma toucans sataya mtima. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'nkhalango.
Apainiyawa aku Africa ochokera ku Europe adadabwa kumva liwu la nthiwatiwa. Imabangula kwambiri kuposa mkango, koma osati wowopsa. Kuti muzolowere kufuula uku, muyenera kukhala pafamu ya nthiwatiwa, mwina. Amuna okha amalira, akazi a nthiwatiwa nthawi zambiri amakhala chete. Ndibwino kuti kulira kwakitali kwa nyama sikumveka kawirikawiri (ngakhale kuli koyipa kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'mawa kapena usiku). Mverani kutali. Khosi limakhala mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete. Nthawi yakudyaku ikayamba, m'magulu a pelicans munthu amatha kumva kulira kapena kubuula. Chifukwa chake mbalamezo zimalankhulana, ndipo zikondamoyo sizikhala ndi nyimbo zotere.
Ma penguin ku Antarctic ndi anthu ochezeka, nthawi zonse amakhala chete osasunthika, akusintha kamvekedwe. Komabe, nthawi zina, amafuula ngati mikangano ikupanga m'mudzimo. Nyengo yakukhwima, kusakhuzana ndi anthu opanda chidwi sikungagawikirane. Ma penguins ang'onoang'ono amalankhula ndi makolo, kupempha chakudya kapena kutentha. Ndipo malankhulidwe awo ali ngati dokosi, ndipo amakhala chete. Amagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri chinenero chamanja. Ngati sakhutitsidwa, penguin amatha kutchingira nyama zambiri kulira ndi mawu ake, mawu awa ali ngati chipangizo chamkuwa chokhala ndi khwangwala.
Ndipo kwa ma dolphin, m'malo mwake, kulumikizana ndi mawu komwe kumakulitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo chilankhulo chimakhala ndi phale laphokoso. Mwa chikhalidwe chake, zolankhula za dolphin ndi wachibale zimatikumbutsa zolankhula za anthu. Ngakhale nyani, kucheza kumakhala kofanana ndi kwathu. Chinthucho ndicho chidzalo cha chizindikiritso chazidziwitso zamasamba. Ma dolphin ali ndi chinthu chodzaza kwambiri. Kulira kwamphamvu kwa nyama kumatha kunena zambiri. Kungoliza mluzu, zomwe zimayamwa panyanja zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 30! Ndipo lirilonse laiwo ndi fanizo lenileni la tanthauzo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo mayitanidwe, ndi moni, ndi zoopsa, ndi chisangalalo, ndi mkwiyo - zonsezi zilipo pakulankhula kwa dolphin. Ndipo nyama iyi ndi othandizira! Ma dolphin amatengera ana ndi ana omwe ali ndi zilema zamaganizidwe.
Anangumi amalankhula mwachangu wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa alibe chosankha china: mawonekedwe m'madzi ndi ochepa, fungo ndilabwino. Zonse pamtunda komanso m'mlengalenga, sizifalikira. Makhalidwe a nyimbo za chinsomba ndi nyimbo, zimangobwerezabwereza, zofanana kwambiri ndi mawu a munthu. Makamaka munyengo yakukhwima, nyimbo za anamgumi otchedwa humpback ndi ma whale ena ooneka bwino ndiovuta, osiyanasiyana komanso okongola. Nthawi yonseyi sasiya kulumikizana, chifukwa amafunika kuyenda panyanja. Ndipo anamgumi opha amapanga phokoso lomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pamawu. Uku ndi mzungu, kudina, kukuwuza mawu. Nyama zimamva bwino momwe zimakhalira, kutengera kwake kwamvekedwe kumakhala pafupipafupi kwambiri. Chingwe chimasinthika kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuyimba kumamveka kosiyanasiyana.
Manatees sangathe kuyimba mokongola, ngakhale asayansi anali nawo atapita. Ndi nyama zolimbira, nthawi zina zimasilira kapena kubangula, zimapereka mawu pokhapokha zitaphedwa, zimangofuula, mwamphamvu. Dzinalo lachiwiri - ng'ombe zam'nyanja - zimangofanana ndi munthu wokonda mtendere. Manate sakhala apa. Ma narwhals ndiwofunikira pang'ono pofotokozera ma alarm a nyanja. Osachepera iwo amatha kudina, kuyimba mluzu ndi kung'ung'udza. Koma ma walruse amatha kutumiza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana kwa abale. Kulira kokweza kwambiri kwa nyamayo kukufanana ndi kulira kwa belu. Amathanso kumanjenjemera, kutsokomola, kutsokomola, kuguguda, kugona, ngakhale kubangula. Zomveka zonse ndizodzaza, zakuya.
Zisindikizo ndizoyimba mtima kwambiri. Mulimonsemo - maphokoso kwambiri, monga gulu lonse. Pafupi ndi gombe, pomwe zisindikizo zili, pomwe malankhulidwe a anthu samveka, sangadabwe. Zisindikizo za njovu ndi mikango yam'nyanja zimalankhulanso mopatsa chidwi: mutha kungomvera mawu abwinowa mwachangu. Komabe, akazi amalankhula ndi ana ake pang'onopang'ono, m'mawu osangalatsa, ngakhale mawu a anthu ngati: "Ooty, galu wanga wamng'ono!" Koma modzidzimutsa, pamene gulu lathawalo limathawa m'manja mwa wopha mnzake, aliyense amalira mokweza komanso mosangalala. Kwaya yachisindikizo imafanana ndi kubangula kwa ng'ombe yayikulu yayitali. Zisindikizo zokhala ndi mikanda yoyera zimatha kukhala ngati zida zam'madzi zam'madzi, mawu awo ndi osangalatsa kwambiri.
Mkango wam'nyanja, kumene, mbalame, zomwe amazitcha dzina. Koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphatso yakeyo pazolinga zina, amalandira ndalama mwakuwononga zaluso. Ku Far East, padoko lililonse pali mtundu wina pomwe mkango wanyanja umapempha chakudya kuchokera kwa asodzi. Chifukwa cha chilankhulo cholankhulirana, zisindikizo za njovu zimatha kuzindikira wachibale aliyense m'mabanja akuluakulu mwa mawu ake komanso mawu ake. Iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kuchokera ku mawu a wamwamuna wamkulu woperekedwa kosindikizidwa bwino kwambiri poisindikiza, nyamazo zinayamba kubalalika, ndipo kujambula kwa mawu a woimira wopanda mphamvu kunawakhumudwitsa.
Akamba am'nyanja ndi pamtunda, kuphatikizapo akamba am'madzi, amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zopanda chete kwambiri. Komabe, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yamagwiritsidwe ntchito molondola pakulankhula ndi abale ndi ana, asayansi amawerengera. Uku ndikuwimbira ndikuwukoka kwa mutu pansi pa chigobacho, ndikudina nsagwada, ndikuwomba likhweru posambira, kumveka mawu angapo ofanana ndi kubota. Koma ng’ona nthawi yakuswana sachita manyazi ndi kubangula kwawo. Pambuyo pake, ng’ona zazing'ono zimayitana makolo awo mokweza ngati kuli kofunikira. Akuluakulu amayankha mokweza mawu. Nyama imazibwereza kangapo, ndipo zina zimatero. Ngakhale kuti zokwawa zilibe zida zogwiritsira ntchito mawu, adaphunzira kuyankhulana. Ngakhale iguana imamveka ngati kukuwa kapena kukuwa kwambiri. Koma njoka imalilira zonse, ndipo kuyankhulaku sikuli kwa munthu.
Njoka imakhala mwakachetechete moyo wake wonse, imangofunikira phokoso kokha kuti iwopseze mdani. Pa kusaka, izi sizofunikira kwa iye. Nayi chule: ma amphibians amakhala ndi zida zamagama ndi zomwe zikufunika, ndi mawu opanga mawu komanso chipangizo champhamvu chothandizira, nchifukwa chake aliyense amakhala ndi kaduka ndi deta yamawu. Koma njoka yakachete imaseka mosavuta munthu amene watengeka ndi nyimbo yake. Chule ndi zadonthazi zimayimba mokweza komanso mosangalala ngati mphepo yamlengalenga isintha kukhala mvula. Padzakhala ntchentche zambiri, zimachulukana mopanda kuyamwa, kotero anthu okalamba amasangalala. Ndipo indedi, iwo anali kulira. Ntchentche zilibe ziwalo zina zothandizira kutulutsa mawu, kupatula mapiko ake omwe, zomwe zimawuluka mazana angapo pamphindi. Ndi chifukwa chake imakulira mosasiyananso - mokweza kapena mwakachetechete: mazana atatu pamphindi kapena mazana asanu, ndiye kusiyana.
Mverani mawu omwe akulira
Amphibians amathanso udzudzu mosangalatsa. Kufewa kumeneku ndi kokwiyitsa mosasangalatsa, osati chifukwa chongokhala ndi chule. Awa si mawu a udzudzu, koma, komanso mapiko okhala ndi kufota kosiyanasiyana. Komabe, udzudzu zachimuna ndi zazikazi zimamveka mosiyanasiyana, ndipo phokoso la kuthamanga kwa udzudzu wakale ndi achichepere ndilosiyana, monga asayansi atsimikiza ndi zida zawo zenizeni. Mapiko a tizilombo tambiri sikuti amangothandiza, komanso nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, ma crickets akummaiko akum'mawa anali ovulala makamaka ndikusungidwa ngati malaya a nyimbo, ngakhale osati kummero kumamveka phokoso losangalatsa, koma ndikusemphana kwamapiko ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Muukapolo, ma crickets samayimba usiku wokha, komanso masana.
Wotera udzu amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwezi. Nthawi ina, wolemba nyimbo Jim Wilson adamva dzanzi ndipo amafuna kudziwa bwino nyimbo zake. Adamvetsera zojambulidwazo pang'onopang'ono ndipo adamva kuyimbidwa kwenikweni kwa angelo - mogwirizana bwino kwambiri ndi nyimbo zokongola kwambiri. Onse a cricket ndi ziwala amasewera nyimbo zazitali, kulembedwa, kuboola, komanso kudziwa kuperekera zochenjeza mwachidule kwa omangirana. Kwa azimayi amtima, amachita phokoso mwakachetechete, komanso kuvina nthawi yomweyo.
Ma Cicadas ali ndi njira yosiyaniratu ndi kuchotsera kamvekedwe, chifukwa ali ndi chiwalo chapadera - masanjidwe. Izi ndi ziwalo zam'mimba zamphongo, zomwe kenako zimayamba. Amamasuka, zimveka. Chowonjezera "chalumikizidwa" kuzizimba, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wotsetsa nyimboyo kwa omvera ambiri. Mpaka pamtunda wamakilomita malo amatha kuphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri odabwitsa awa. Ngakhale makopewo adawonekera. Pali nyama yamtchire yotchedwa chimbalangondo. Palibe amene amamukonda, makamaka anthu. Imadyetsa bwino mbeu yanu, chifukwa imadya mizu yonse. Chifukwa chake, imabisala mobisa. Madzulo, zimbalangondo zimapita kunja ndikukayamba kucheza. Sizikupweteketsa kuposa momwe ma cicadas, kumva kwawo kuli bwino. Mwamuna akangokhala ndi fosholo atsonkhana, kuyang'ana kwambiri phokoso, chimbalangondo chimangokhala chete. Ndikufuna kukhala ndi moyo.
Ma maps okha ndi omwe samawopa munthu. Mavu nawonso alibe ziwalo zomwe zimapanga phokoso, koma "amalankhula" ndi anthu komanso kwa wina ndi mnzake m'njira zowoneka bwino komanso zamalonda mopanda mantha. Mitundu ya phokoso ndi yotakata kwambiri, mavu amatha kulira mokweza mawu, kenako kutsika, kenako mosapitirira, kenako mwamtendere. Ngakhale atakhala m'valo komanso kudya jamu kuchokera kwa anthu, amadzuka mapiko, ndikuchenjeza kuti: "Musavutike!" Amadziwa mphamvu zake: amaluma ndipo safa ngati njuchi. M'malo mwake: ikuluma, ndi zina, ndi zina. Njuchi imapereka moyo wake limodzi ndi mbola, yomwe imasungidwa pomwe idabayidwa, limodzi ndi gawo logaya chakudya ndi ziwalo zina zambiri. Amapanga phokoso losiyana kuthawa, ndipo chilankhulo cha njuchi chimalumikizidwa bwino: pali zovina ndi fungo. Sizokayikitsa kuti amatha kumvetsana, koma m'malo mwake amamva. Monga zoopsa.
Chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi mawu oyipa, koma njuchi zilibe chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwake, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kupereka uchi. Ndipo chimbalangondo chimang'ung'udza, kubangula - pachabe, chikuluma. Ndipo ngati mutha kukhathamiritsa mu chisa, ndiye kuti chimbalangondicho chimadzitchinjiriza mwachikondi anawo ndikung'ung'udza. Pokambirana, zimbalangondo zimatha kugwedezeka, kutuluka komanso kugona, ngakhale kukwiya, kunena kuti "ummm" mwadzidzidzi komanso m'malo otsika. Ndipo ngati anawo ndi omvera, chimbalangondo chimangolira mosangalala. Komanso mokweza, pafupifupi ngati thirakitara. Koma sizosadabwitsa kumva kulira kwa chimbalangondo, monga kulira kwa mbewa kapena kulira kwa mbewa. Ngakhale panda imawaopseza moseketsa: Amakakwiya msanga, ndikupukusa mano, ngakhale kubuwa. Koma panda ikawonekera, zikutanthauza kuti zimapweteka kapena kudzipereka.
Koala imawonekeranso pang'ono ngati chimbalangondo, ndipo si chimbalangondo, makamaka, chimangotchedwa chimbalangondo mpaka chitadziwika, kenako chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mawu a koala ndi akulu kwambiri, sikuti amangobangula, ndi mawu a chimphona. Monga abulu chikwi chimodzi amafuula kapena gulu la njovu likawomba. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti mainjiniya omveka aja adasankha koala kuti apangitse liwu la wankhanza mu kanema "Jurassic Park", zidakhala zowopsa. Koma, ichi ndi ukalamba wapadera: umadya masamba a buluzi, osagwira nyama iliyonse. Chimbalangondo chathu chimakondanso zakudya zamasamba ndikuchita uchi, koma sichingakane nyama. Chifukwa chake, atamuona kuthengo, aliyense amathawa kunjira.
Ngakhale buluzi, nyama yamphamvu, yolemera theka la matani, imapuma mozama komanso mwakuya, imafuula kwa abale ake "oooh!" kapena "uhhhhh!" ndi yokulungirani kumbali, kuthyola chitsa. Mphepo zamkokomo mokweza kwambiri ndikunyamula ana ake. Nthawi zambiri phokoso la mphalapala limayankhulidwa pang'ono, nthawi zambiri amachita izi ndi pakamwa pawo.Pokhapokha pangozi yaikulu iwo amalira mofuula. Nyama zimamva kupezeka mosavutikira ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi nkhawa. Ma Deers - olemekezeka ndi kumpoto - amakhalanso chete. Kubangula kumachitika nthawi yamasewera, pamene ndewu zimayamba osati chifukwa cha moyo, koma imfa. Nyimbozi zimakhala ndi kufufutira koopsa, komwe kumabwerezedwa nthawi zambiri tsopano ndi kulira, tsopano ndi mawu okweza, otsika kwambiri, okwera tsopano, kenako opinimbira. Tiyenera kunena kuti zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa nthawi zonse zimapanga phokoso. Izi zimadziwika ndi agulu, ndi ng'ombe, ndi ngamila. Ma kulan ndi abulu okha ndi omwe amatha kutulutsa phokoso komanso kutulutsa mpweya.
Kotero kavalo sangachite izi. "Iggo" wake wobadwira amadziwika ndi aliyense kuyambira ali wakhanda. Komabe, awa sindiwo buku lonse lotanthauzira lomwe akavalo amagwiritsa ntchito polankhulana ndi anthu. Mukakumana, mahatchi awiriwo amanjenjemera, ndikupatsana moni ndikuti: "yyyy-yyyy-yy-g." Wosangalala "IIIiiiiiiiiii. "Amakumana ndi omwe amakhala nawo. Ndipo pamsewu wankhalango udanunkhira ngati nkhandwe, kavalo amalira ndi kuwachenjeza: "Iiiii-giii-gi-gi-gooooo!". Ngati kavaloyu alowerera pamunthu kapena kupempha madzi, amangoti mwachidule: "Iiiiggg!" Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kukambirana pakati pa hatchi ndi maule. Amamuuza mofuula wamphamvu, ngakhale mkokomo, "Iiiigogoooo!", Ndipo amamuyankha mochenjera ndi mwansangala: "Iiiigigigi!" Pamenepa, onsewa amafuula m'mphuno, kutulutsa mpweya ndi phokoso.
Ng'ombe zimathanso kunena m'njira zosiyanasiyana, momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri zimamveka pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina amabangula kwambiri, kufunafuna mkaka, chakudya, madzi kapena mantha. Mawu ake amatha kufotokoza chisangalalo, komanso kuvutika, komanso chikondi. Ndipo amalankhula mwachikondi ndi mwana wake wa ng'ombe! Ndipo ndi kubangula kwake akakhumudwitsidwa m'bulu! Izi ndi ziweto zabwino kwambiri. Mawu a aliyense ndi osiyana, mawu ake amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Njati nthawi zina moo, ngati ng'ombe, koma mawu ake samveka kambiri. Mkati mwa ng'ombezo, ng'ombe zamphongo zimalira, ngakhale zimadandaula, zinthu zikavuta. Pangozi, abangula kwambiri. Kuyankhulana kwawo kumapangidwa bwino - zizindikiritso zosiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu, kuphatikizika kulikonse kumakhala ndi utoto. Ng'ombe zimatha kuyitanitsa thandizo ndi malo owonda, ndipo ng'ombe ibwera. Komabe, amapatsana zizindikiro zochulukirapo kwa wina ndi mnzake mothandizidwa ndi manja - kusuntha kwa mchira, mutu, nyanga, pamapeto pake.
Ng'ombe
Achibale awo njati ndi njati nawonso moo - mu mawu osokonekera kwambiri. Nyama ndizolankhula, makamaka pa nthawi yopuma, zikafuna kumva kubereka mu ng'ombe. Nyimbo zoterezi zimatha kumvekanso ngakhale pamtunda wa makilomita khumi, ngati njati imapereka mawu nthawi yomweyo. Nyimbo ndi nyama zakutchire zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuposa zapakhomo. Mwachitsanzo, abulu samakhala chete, koma abale awo akuthengo alibe. Nyimbo zawo zili ndi lipenga, mofuula komanso m'malo mwankhanza, zida zamagetsi sizisinthasintha ngati mahatchi. Mwachitsanzo, mbidzi zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi kavalo kuposa bulu, tikamaganizira njira yolankhulirana. Mawu a mbidzi, komabe, samawoneka mochepa kwambiri ngati mawu a kavalo; m'miyala yayitali kwambiri, kalulu m'malo mokomera. Mumamveka nyama yolusa. Mwinanso, chilengedwe chinapereka mbidzi kuti ikapulumuke: chiphokoso, ngakhale mafinya amathawa ku mawu ake.
Komabe, nyama zambiri zimabweretsa zodabwitsa kwa munthu nthawi ndi nthawi. Mlimi wina amagwiritsa ntchito llama yake pafamuyo ngati mlonda. Anaphunzira kutengera bwino mawu a anthu ena ndipo amayendetsa bwino ma cookie. Zebras samangolira, koma nthawi zina makungwa. Peacocks meow ngati adzikhuta okha. Mbalizi za pinki zokongola za Ballerina pagululo zimadandaula kwambiri mokweza mawu. Nyama sizitopa ndi zodabwitsa. Ngamila imatha kulira kwambiri, koma sizicitika kangapo, kangapo m'moyo, sizichitika konse. Ndiosasinthika, amafunika mphamvu zambiri ndipo amafunika kutetezedwa. M'gululo, ngamila sizikangana ndipo sizimapusitsa mwaulemu, sizili choncho.
Liwu la alpaca ndi lodabwitsa: limangobowoleza, koma modekha. Kuti muyerekeze nyimboyi, muyenera kumva zolemba zotsika kwambiri pa wojambulira. Komanso kuchokera kwa ngamila! Ndizabwino kuti khosi silitali ngati lamba, ndipo zingwe zolankhula zimagwira bwino ntchito. Zimakhala zovuta kuti milalang'amba ilankhule, palibe mawu. Akazi amabisalira mwakachetechete akaopsezedwa ndi ana. Tizilombo tating'ono, tating'ono ta ng'ombe, timalira tikamapemphedwa kuti tidyetse iwo. Ku malo osungira nyama, girafu ija imapanga mawu ena, zomwe zimadabwitsa pakupezeka kuti kulibe mawu. Kuthengo, nyama siyingayende bwino.
Antelope aku Africa amakhala ndi kulira kwakanthawi, kofulumira ndipo nthawi zambiri kumangokhalira kulira - kukuwa ndi zitsulo, ndipo kabulu athu amakhala ndi lipenga loyera, makamaka pakati pa amuna. Mbawala zimapereka mawu awo mwakachetechete komanso momveka bwino. Mbawala zazikazi zimangokhala ngati zotsekemera, anyani amakhala ndi mawu ochepa. Sichokayikitsa kuti anthu ambiri adamva momwe mbuzi yam'mapiri imalilira pangoziyo komanso momwe ikubangula ikakhala ndi nyengo yokwanira. Nthawi yonseyi, achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, ndipo ana amakula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndikumamveka mawu osinkhidwa. Mawu a nyama zakutchire amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mlenje kapena msodzi. Wokhala mumzinda wamba amadziwa kutali ndi chilichonse chokhudza nyumba. Funsani anthu mumsewu, monga momwe mbuzi imanenera - "beeeee" kapena "meeeee", osati aliyense ayankhe molondola. (Ingoyesani: yankho lolondola ndi "ine", lopatsa ulemu kuposa "kukhala" ndi nkhosa yamphongo.)
Nkhosa yoweta siyingokhala "beee", imalira m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo imangokhala kulira pamene anaankhosa abweramo, ndikulira, ndikuchenjeza kuti ikwiya tsopano. Kholo lankhosa ndiye chinyama chamtchire. Ngakhale kuti zaka zambirimbiri zadutsa kuchokera nthawi yobisidwa, mawu ndi kalankhulidwe mu nyama izi sizinasinthe ndipo zikufanana. M'nyengo yakukhwima, kuyamwa kwa nkhosa kumakhala kovuta komanso kosangalatsa. Zachidziwikire, sangathe "kusewera ndi mphuno zawo" monga nkhumba zimachitira, komanso zimayenda bwino. Kusenga ngati nkhumba, iwonso sakudziwa bwanji. Koma kufesa kwathunthu kumawonjezera chipwirikiti kuti chimvekere ngati akufuna kubereka. Anthu nthawi zambiri amakangana za yemwe ali wanzeru - nkhumba kapena agalu. Asayansi adaganiza kuti nkhumba, ngakhale agalu ali ndi njira zambiri zolankhulirana.
Agalu amalankhulana kwenikweni wina ndi mnzake, akumamvetsetsa bwino kwambiri za interlocutor. Ngakhale anthu amasiyanitsidwa pamene galu wawo amachenjeza za mawonekedwe a mlendo, komanso akungopempha chithandizo, akakondwera pakufika kwa achibale, komanso akamaopa zoopsa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mawu osiyanasiyana, mawu omwe wamwamuna ndi wamkazi nawonso ndi osiyana. Zotchinga ndizoyankhula, greyhound amakhala chete. Komabe amatha kulankhulana. Galu akhoza kulira ngati likufunika thandizo, kumangosewera mwachisangalalo kapena kuwopseza, lomwe ndi losiyana kwambiri. Galu akakhala ndi zowawa, amalira ndikulira nthawi yayitali - uku ndi kudana, ndikakhala kochepa komanso kwamphamvu - moni. Khwangwala amatha kulira mokweza kwambiri, akulira ngati akudwala kapena akungofuna kuti atsegulidwe chitseko. Agalu achikulire amalira, mwachitsanzo, agalu osamva amiseche. Mwa njira, machitidwe oterewa amathanso kubweretsa kukangana kwanyimbo, ngati mimbulu yolira agalu. Komanso, akulu amatulutsa mawu mothinana, ngati kuti akufuna kutonthola kapena kupondereza kupindika. Izi ndi tcheru, chiweto chikuwonetsa mbali yomwe ngozi ili.
Tamva kulira kwa nkhandwe kapena galu ndikuganiza: Kodi chilombochi chikuyankhula chiyani, ndi chidziwitso chiti chomwe chimapezeka mumawu omveka komanso achisoni awa? Mwinanso mmbulu ukuyang'ana mwezi ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zikudya, ndipo ali ndi njala. Zowonadi, momwe ulusi wa mwezi umawonekera bwino ngati dzira lakuthwa lomwe limang'ambika mumphika wakuda wa thambo! Komabe, ndife osavuta kwambiri. Mimbulu imalirira nkhani zazitali kwa wina ndi mnzake, koma nkhanizi zili ndi chilichonse: zojambula, mawonekedwe, ndi mapu atsatanetsatane ndizomangirizidwa, ndipo malo a chinthu chilichonse pamapu awa amapezeka. Mbidzi zili ndi chilankhulo cholemera kwambiri.
Mverani momwe mmbulu ulira
Ndipo nkhandwe zimatha kulumikizana osati ndi mawu ndi manja, komanso telepathically! Komabe, ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri zomveka: uku ndikubowola, kuwombera, kung'ung'udza, kubuula, kutsokomola kosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, imapereka chidziwitso cha zosiyanasiyana zamalingaliro, zazokhudza anthu, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Phokoso loti "ururu" limamveka kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi iliyonse limatanthauza chinthu chapadera. Ngakhale nkhandwe zazing'ono kwambiri zimatha kuzimasulira, ndipo zimachokera kuti zimabadwa zimayitana amayi awo motere. Ndipo titha kuwona komanso kumvetsera kulira kwa nyama, kotero kuti pakapita nthawi ndikwabwino kuphunzira kumvetsetsa zovuta zawo.
Nyama zodziwika kwambiri zazimayi ku North America ndi coyote, ngati mutapita kukaona malo koma osamva kuyimba kwake, lingaliro silikhala lathunthu. Nyimbo za coyote ndizitali komanso zamitundu mitundu, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu kwambiri kuti aziimbitse mluzu. Zovala ndizolankhula. Kuphatikiza apo, iwo, ngati mankhusu, amayimba limodzi ndi mawu amtundu wankhonya, kubangula kwa siren kapena kulira kwa mabelu. Nyimbo zambiri. Ana awo akulira ndi mawu akulira amasiyanasiyana posaka komanso patchuthi pabanja. Zizindikiro zomveka nthawi zonse zimatanthawuza china chake. Ma Hyenas amalumikizanso paketi mothandizidwa ndi mawu osiyanasiyana. Odziwika kwambiri aiwo, ndikoseka. M'malo mwake, ma fisi sioseketsa. Chifukwa chake modabwitsa amakumana ndi mawonekedwe akunja: wakuwa, ubanguke kapena kuseka. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mabowo owoneka okha omwe amatha kuseka, ndipo mokweza kwambiri, kubangula kopanda phokoso ndi kudandaula komwe kumatha kutulutsa kansalu komanso kakhofi.
Ma skunks kufananizidwa ndi mafisi samangokhala chete. Makonda omwe ali nawo ndi ochepa. Nthawi zambiri amalira ngati wina akuwasokoneza. Nyamayi ndi yoopsa, komanso yoopsa, ngakhale yaying'ono kukula. Kuphatikiza apo, skunk ndiyobisika, safunikira repertoire yayikulu. Gologolo wathu siwofanana ndi chilengedwe, koma mawu ake amakhala pafupipafupi komanso osiyanasiyana. Mwachilengedwe, kumeneku si kukuwa kapena kulira. M'malo mwake, pindani ndi twitter, ngati makoko ena ang'onoang'ono. Wokongoletsayo ndi wolimbikira kwambiri kuti azilankhula kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali chilombochi nthawi zambiri chimadziwika kuti ndi chete. Koma sichoncho. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mawu a nyama yakutchire amatulutsa. Nthawi zina ngakhale mokweza kwambiri, lipenga, ngati chiwopsezo champhongo chachitika pa mdani. Koma mayendedwe achilendo, omwe amamvedwa nthawi zambiri, amakhala otsika kwambiri; anthu sangamve kuchokera kutali. Munthawi yakukhwima, ma beavers amabuula, momwemonso mkazi amalankhulirana ndi zokongoletsera. Ziwawa zimatha kulira mokweza mawu. Ma Otter ndi nyama zaphokoso mosadabwitsa, ngakhale anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo mu nyimbo zawo. Uku ndi mzungu, komanso kufinya mtima. Zikuwoneka ngati mbalame yayikulu komanso yoseketsa kwambiri.
Masewera sakhala osayankhula. Amasiyidwa m'nthawi yowopsa kuti kubooleka kosalekeza. Achinyamata ali ndi mawu okwera, achikulire amakhala ndi mawu otsika. Koma aliyense amadziwa kufuula mokweza kwambiri mpaka nkhalango yonse imathamanga kukulira uku - kuyambira nkhandwe ndi martens kupita ku kadzidzi ndi zimbalangondo. Ndipo ma hares amatha mwachangu, mosungunuka, osunthika, akunena nkhani zawo. Makamaka nthawi zambiri amachita izi pakuswana. Koma amaphulika mwakachetechete, ndi pokhapokha pazinthu izi zomwe zimamveka. Zomwezi zimachitikanso ndi akalulu: iwo amafinya, ndi kufuula, ndi kuwombera, ngakhale kulira mu zowawa, ngati makanda aumunthu. Koma ma fodya amamasuliridwa makamaka ngati sakonda china chake. Koma nyama izi ndizosangalala kwambiri, chifukwa chake sizachilendo kumva mawu awo.
Sitingadziwe mawu a nyama, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi chilankhulo chake cholankhulirana pagulu. Amphaka, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, kusunthira kwa mchira, ngakhale adasinthasintha kuti athe kupeza chakudya kuchokera kwa munthu kapena kumuuza za zofuna zawo. Ndi wina ndi mzake, ngakhale pang'ono, amalira mofuula kapena kufuula kwambiri ngati akukangana kapena wina. Dziko lamphaka nthawi zonse limakhala chete. Pali lingaliro kuti kuyeretsa mphaka kumachiritsa. Zotheka! Nthawi zonse amagona pamalo owawa kwambiri: amatenthetsera mwini wake kapena amadziwotha, chifukwa minofu yamatumbo imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri pamalo odwala. Ndipo purring imagwirizanitsa ndi kupuma kwamunthu, kumayendetsa, kumachepetsa mantha. Amphaka amtchire kuthengo amatha kutengera mawu a nyama zina ngati nkhandwe yochokera kunthano ya ana asanu ndi awiri. Popanda nyama, samapitiriza kusaka!
Lynx yathu ndiyinso yosaka modabwitsa, koma sadziwa momwe angatsanzirire mawu a mbalame kapena ma hares. Mwambiri, zolankhula zake sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizosangalatsa: izi zikulira ndi zolemba, zonyezimira, zopindika. Umu ndi momwe amamuwopsezera oyimbira kapena ogwiritsa ntchito pagawo lawo: omwe mawu ake amakhala ovuta, adapambana. Chiphuphuchi sichimangokomera, komanso kuthilira madzi chikamaitana ana. Mukamagawa madera, izi, sichoncho mkango wobangula, koma amawoneka kwambiri. Mkango sugundanso, ukubangula ngati bingu. Mantha akufalikira pamtunda wa makilomita ambiri kuchokera kubangula kwa mkango. Chilichonse chimangokhala chete, osamveka mawu. Monga kuti m'maloto opusa ndiye nyama zonse zambiri.
Mverani mkango ukubangula
Ngakhale akambuku ambiri amphaka ali ngati amphaka, ngakhale amabangula ndi njira iliyonse, ndipo kulira kwa nyama zakutchire kumabweretsa kutali. Ngati munthu amva mawu a kambuku pafupi, adzasowa kanthu. Njira zoyankhulirana kwa nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama izi ndizambiri monga amphaka am'makomo: ndikubowola koipa ndi kuwomba kwake, komanso kubangula kwapang'onopang'ono pakagwidwa, komanso kutsokomola kwapang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale mileme imatha kuchita dzimbiri, ndi kunenepa, ndi kung'ung'udza, ndi kubuula, ndi kutsata. Ndipo momwe amakonzera! Koma koposa zonse amadziwa momwe angakhalire chete: modabwitsa, mwapadera, mwanzeru. Amachita izi nthawi zambiri. Zoterezi zingatchulidwenso ndi kambuku. Nthawi zambiri amuna ndi akazi amalankhulana. The repertoire ndi yemweyo.
Ndipo cheetah sakhala ngati amphaka. Mwambiri, awa si amphaka. Pokhapokha chifukwa samachepetsa, koma makungwa ndi yap. Koma zambiri chifukwa mafupa awo ali ngati banja la canine. Amadziwa kubangula, koma si mkango wamkango kapena kambuku. Ndiosavuta kumva nkhwangwa ndipo imawoneka ngati banja la amphaka kwathunthu. Imakhazikikanso ndi kuyeretsa, kumakhomera kutsokomola ndikakwiya. Kubangula pafupifupi mkango. Mawu a mbawala, ngati mitengo yamiyendo, akufanizidwa ndi mzungu wamakutu wosamva. Koma m'malo modekha, ma cougars purr okongola, ngati amphaka am'nyumba. Genetta, nayenso, si wochokera fuko lokhala ndi anthu ena, koma wowombera, koma akuwoneka ngati mphaka: amatsata, amvekere, amalankhula, ndipo akakhala bwino, amatsuka.
Mbodziyo amakhala chete; kuthengo, nyama yaying'ono siyingatero. Akateteza, nyama yamantha imatha kumera ndi yap. Ngati mupeza mimbulu pamalo omwe anapezeka kuti ndi omwe amapezeka kuti anali pachiwopsezo - pamphaka la nkhuku, izi ndizomwe zimachitika. Amati akudziwa kukopa nkhuku ndi nyimbo yapadera, koma pakadali pano palibe amene waonapo matsenga ngati amenewa. Koma oledzera amalankhula zambiri, chifukwa amalolera kuti mnzakeyo akhale mnzake. Mawu ake akumveka mosiyanasiyana: munthu wolankhula mwamphamvu amatha kumwetulira mosangalala, chisangalalo, kusakondweretsedwa, ndi mkwiyo. Mwina marten amatha kulira ngati nkhuku, nanga mbalamezo zimasiyira pati? Wokhulupirika adziwa bwanji. Amanenanso - amawopseza, ndipo nthawi zina amafinya m'maloto.
Mongooses, makamaka ameta omwe, amalankhula ngati kuti ndi anthu: malankhulidwe awo okhala ndi mavawelo ndi makonsonanti ngakhale amagawika zigawo zingapo. Ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti kuphatikiza konse kwamawu kumadzaza ndi chidziwitso chomwe sichikugwira ntchito pakanthawi pano komanso pankhaniyi. Njira zolankhulirana za mongoose ndizofanana kwambiri ndi anthu. Kulankhula ndi waulesi kumakhalanso ulesi, mawu ake samamveka kawirikawiri. Pokhapokha ngati muli ndi nkhawa zenizeni ndi pomwe amafuula mofatsa, posinthana mawu ataliitali komanso amafupikitsa. Nyimboyi imasandulika kukhala yopanda kanthu, ngati kuti nyamayo ikudandaula nkhawa.
Meerkat amaliza likhweru pafupipafupi. Mzere wamawu awa ungatchulidwe chifukwa cha zochitika khumi zomwe zimadziwika mu mtundu winawake wa chizindikirocho. Marmo ali ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha kuphatikiza mu lexicon. Chenjezo la Hazard silimaperekedwa mofananamo ndipo zimatengera mtundu wazomwe zikuwopsezayo. M'minyama yonse yapagulu, njira yolankhulirana imakonzedwa, chifukwa amakakamizidwa kuti azilumikizana. Ziweto zimasunga pafupifupi mawonekedwe onse a mawu ndi mawu ake.Mwachitsanzo, nkhumba zamtchire zimatha kuimba mluzu, kufuula, kung'ung'udza, kudandaula, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhutira kwake kapena mantha, kuchenjeza kapena kupsa mtima. Ndi zomva zowawa, zimakuma, ngati sizikonda kena kake, zimadula mano kwambiri.
Njovu imakhalanso nyama wamba, koma sapereka mauthenga aliwonse ndi mawu awo ambiri. Koma titha kudziwa zenizeni ndi kulira kwa nyama yomwe njovu ili mdziko muno - yosangalala, yokwiya kapena bata. Imawomba mkokomo wamtunda wosiyanasiyana. Itha kukhala chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe chimaperekedwa kudzera mu thunthu: phokoso lokhutira, kubangula kwamphamvu, kuwomba lipenga. Njovu ili ndi kuthekera kwambiri: imatha kuwerengera, kujambula, kugwedeza ngakhale kutsata phokoso ngati ma dolphin kapena anamgumi, komanso mileme ndi mbalame zina.
Mverani njovu ikuwomba
Njovu zimawomba kwambiri, koma mvuu imalephera kufuula - zopitilira ma decibel zana. Amalumikizana ndi abale, koma safunikira kuyandikira izi. Ali kumpanda pafupi mazana awiri ndi mazana awiri, ndipo amalankhula ngati amakhala pafupi ndi benchi. Komanso, kukhala pansi pa madzi, mvuu zimamva wina ndi mnzake ndipo zimayankhanso! Pali mawu ambiri mu lexicon: kufuula mokweza, kubuula, kubuula, ngakhale kulira, komwe amatchedwa kavalo wa Nailo kale. Makina amomwe akatswiri asayansi akufufuzira pakadali pano sanaphunzirepo kanthu.
Rhinos, mosiyana ndi mvuu, siowopsa komanso osati wowopsa pamkwiyo. Ndipo mawu awo ndi-otero, osati omveka komanso osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri phokoso lomwe limasokonekera limangolira mofuula, ndipo njirayi imayamba kulira. Ndi zoopsa zodziwika zokha zomwe zipembere zimangofuula mokweza kapena zikavulala. Kangaroos amachitanso chimodzimodzi kudziko lina. Pafupifupi salankhulana, amangoyambira kuthamanga, ngati wachibale wawo amayamba kutsokomola mwadzidzidzi. Ichi ndi alarm. Imamveka yachete, koma kangaroo ili ndi khutu lodabwitsa. Ndi nyama zowoneka bwino, zokhala atcheru nthawi zonse.
Nyama ina yaboma ndi nyani. Aliyense adzanena kuti zomwe gulu la nyani limachita mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa njira yolumikizirana sizingafanane ndi nyama zina zomwe zimayamwa. Amagwiritsa ntchito malawi awo apamwamba zana limodzi, amapanga mawu ovuta komanso osiyanasiyana, ndipo akatulutsa, anyani amatha kupindika ngati mbalame. A Howler amapereka makondwerero poyeserera kubangula kwa mkango ndi kubuula kwa nkhumba yakunyumba, kulira ndi kufuula ndi mawu owopsa pankhope zawo. Nthawi zonse pamakhala nyimbo yoyimba kwayimbayi: ndiye amene amabisalira mozungulira poyimba nyimbo zopundulira ndevu.
Ma Giboni satopa kukulitsa chiwonetsero chawo, amakondanso kuyimba, koma, mosiyana ndi mawu abodza, iwo amayimba bwino kwambiri, ngati mawu a anthu. Orangutan amathanso kupanga nyimbo zomwe zimafanana ndi zolankhula za anthu mumtambo komanso tempo. Nyengo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zanzeru poyerekeza ndi zinyama zina. Mwachitsanzo, gorilla, ndi zida zake zopanda mawu, singatulutse mawu, koma imaphunzira mosavuta chinenero chamanja. Ndipo mawu amaphunziridwa, kuzindikira ndi kumvetsetsa. Asayansi amati ma gorilla amatha kukumbukira mawu oposa chikwi. Nyani ndi laconic, ndikokwanira kuti azitha kulankhulitsa zinayi mpaka zisanu, zotsalazo, monga zoyamba zonse, zimathandizidwa ndi manja.
Mu nyama zapagulu zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, kulumikizana kungachitike pothandizidwa ndi mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mileme yomwe ikuuluka ikusuntha nthawi zonse. Fungo lawo loonda limasakanikirana ndi mawu ena a nyama ndi mbalame, koma mbewa zimamva bwino wina ndi mzake ndipo zimasiyanitsa ndi wachibale wina ndi mnzake. Mahatchi amagwiritsa ntchito mphuno zawo kutumiza chizindikirochi, ndipo mahatchi opaka bwino amatulutsa pakamwa pawo. Mwa kulumikizana kotero, paketiyo imakhala yokhazikika m'malo.
Mosiyana ndi mileme wamba, mdierekezi wa Tasmanian ndiwosachedwa. Pokhapokha ngati pali kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatha kupangitsa anthu awiri kapena atatu kuti adye nyama imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, sangafune kusangalala chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa wina ndi mnzake: amapanga phokoso kwambiri, akulira kwambiri kuti amveke makilomita. Marsupial amatha kuwopsa akaidi m'njira zambiri: choyamba amatsokomola, kenako nkuyamba kulira. Ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito, kufuula kukuba kumayambira, chifukwa chomwe omwe adatulukira ndikumupatsa dzina lotere.
Pakati pa moyo wawo wovuta, nyama iliyonse imakakamizidwa kupeza chakudya, kudziteteza kwa adani, komanso kusaloleza akunja kulowa m'gawo lake. Ndipo amafunikiranso kufunafuna banja kuti abereke ana, kenako pomusamalira. Zonsezi sizingatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulirana zovuta. Ndipo chinthu chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimamveka, mawu a nyama, kuthengo kapena kwanyumba - zilibe kanthu.
