- kukonza zoyeretsera,
- kuyeretsa kwathunthu, i.e. kukonza kuyeretsa konsekonse pa zosefera ndi zinthu zama makina,
Kuyeretsa kwa zosefera kumachitika nthawi zonse ndipo kumakhala kozikika, koma kuyeretsa kwathunthu kumalimbikitsidwa ngati zigawo za tizilombo ndi ma depositi ena zimasokoneza kayendetsedwe kabwino ka zida.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuyeretsa Zosefera sikofunikira kuchita chidetso chonyansa, potuluka ndikuchotsa mabakiteriya omwe amathandizira pakuyeretsa madzi amadzimadzi, thandizirani kuti muzikhala bwino m'mizere.
Kuchokera pamwambapa, munthu amathanso kutsata malamulo otsatirawa omwe ayenera kutsatidwa mukamachapa ndikutsuka fyuluta ya aquarium:
- CHIYANI CHOLEKA NDIPONSO ZOPHUNZITSIRA. Yesetsani kusamba zosefera monga momwe mungathere. Nthawi yake komanso kuchuluka kwake zimadalira aliyense payekha ndipo zimatengera zinthu zambiri.
- ASASINTHANI ZINSINSI NDI ZINSINSI ZOSAVUTA NDI ZINA ZINA Izi zipha kwathunthu mabacteria a nitrification opangidwa mu fayilo. Osasambitsa fyuluta m'madzi otentha.
Ndemanga pavidiyo yakutsuka aquarium +
Lembetsani ku You Tube yathu kuti musaphonye chilichonse
Kodi ndimatsuka kangati?
Zosefera zonse ndizosiyana, zing'onozing'ono zimayenera kutsukidwa sabata iliyonse, ndipo zazikulu zimatha kugwira ntchito popanda mavuto kwa miyezi iwiri. Njira yokhayo ndi njira yowunikira, onani momwe zosefera zanu zimakhazikitsidwa ndi dothi.
Kwakukulu, kufalikira kosefera kwamkati kumakhala pafupi sabata iliyonse, komanso kwa kunja kwa milungu iwiri kwa ma aquariums omwe ali ndi vuto, mpaka miyezi iwiri kwa oyera.
Onani mozama momwe madzi amayendera kuchokera mu fyuluta, ngati afooka, ndiye kuti ndi nthawi yoti ayitsuke.
Makina
Njira yosavuta kwambiri yomwe madzi amadutsa pazosefera ndikutsukidwa kuchokera kuyimitsidwa, tinthu tambiri, chakudya chotsalira ndi mbewu zakufa. Masiponji okhathamira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosefera zakunja ndi zamkati.
Siponjiyu amayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti muchotse tizinthu tomwe tatsekeka. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti mphamvu yakuyenda kwamadzi imatsika kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusefukira kumachepa. Masiponji ndi odya ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Zachilengedwe
Mawonedwe ofunikira ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi nsomba zovuta komanso kukhala ndi aquarium yathanzi, yokongola. Titha kutsegula motere kufotokoza motere: nsomba zimapanga zinyalala, kuphatikiza zotsalira za chakudya zimagwera pansi ndikuyamba kuwola. Pamenepa, ammonia ndi ma nitrate omwe ndi zovomerezeka kwa nsomba amatulutsidwa m'madzi.
Popeza malo am'madzi ndi malo achilendo, kudzikundikira pang'onopang'ono komanso poizoni. Kuchepetsa zinthu zachilengedwe, komabe, kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza pozisintha kukhala zigawo zotetezeka. Izi zimachitika ndi mabakiteriya apadera omwe amakhala mwa iwo okha.
Zamapangidwe
Kusefedwa kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pangozi zam'madzi: poyizoni, pambuyo pa nsomba, kuti muchotse zinthu zoyipa m'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi amadutsa kaboni yokhoma, ma pores awo ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti amasunga okha zinthu.
Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, malasha otere ayenera kutayidwa. Musaiwale kuti simungathe kuyika kusefera kwamankhwala munthawi ya nsomba ndipo sikofunikira ngati zonse zili bwino mu aquarium yanu.
Sambani vutoli moyenera
Kungochotsa zosefera sikungakhale lingaliro labwino, chifukwa mutha kuwononga mabacteria opindulitsamo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musasambe zosefera mukapanga kusintha kwina kulikonse padziko lonse m'madzi - kusintha kwakukulu kwa madzi, kusintha mtundu wa chakudya kapena pafupipafupi kudyetsa nsomba, kapena kuyamba nsomba yatsopano.
Panthawi zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuti mawonekedwe azikhala osasunthika, ndipo fyuluta ndi gawo lalikulu la olimba mu aquarium.
Timatsuka zosefera
Zovala zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ngati fayilo yamakina yomwe imakola litsiro kuchokera kumadzi. Nsomba zanu, komabe, zilibe chidwi kuti ndimadzi oyera otani omwe amakhala mwachilengedwe kutali ndi malo abwino. Koma ndikofunikira kwa iwo kuti pakhale zinthu zochepa zowola m'madzi monga ammonia.
Ndipo pakuwola kwa ammonia ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, mabakiteriya omwe amakhala pamadzi osamba pazosefa zanu amachititsa. Ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsuka fyuluta kuti isawononge mabakiteriya ambiri.
Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, pH, madzi apampopi, onsewo amapha mabakiteriya. Kusamba mabafa ochapidwa, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ochokera pansi pamadziwo; muzimutsuka m'madzi amtunduwo mpaka atayera kwambiri.
Yesetsani kukhala osabereka pamenepa. Mutha kuchita ndi zigawo zolimba - mipira ya karmic kapena pulasitiki.
Zosefera
Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi amasintha zovala kumaloko nthawi zambiri, monga mwa malangizo. Chovala chotsukira mu chosefera chiyenera kusinthidwa pokhapokha ngati sichitha kusefa kapena ngati chataya msambo. Ndipo izi sizichitika kuposa chaka ndi theka.
Ndikofunikanso kusintha osaposa theka nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mu fayilo wamkati, zovala zosambira zimakhala ndi magawo angapo ndipo imodzi yokha imatha kusinthidwa nthawi.
Mukangoyambitsa gawo, ndiye kuti mabakiteriya okhala m'malo akale adzachulukira zatsopano ndipo sipadzakhalanso vuto lililonse. Kutenga yopuma mu masabata angapo, mutha kusintha zinthu zakale ndi zatsopano osati kuwononga aquarium.
Kusamalira Kwamphamvu
Zosefera zonse za m'madzi zimakhala ndi zoyendetsera. Chomwe chimatsogolera ndi maginito a cylindrical omwe ali ndi chowongolera, chomwe chimathandizira kupanga magetsi am'madzi, ndipo chimayikidwa pini yachitsulo kapena ceramic. Popita nthawi, algae, mabakiteriya ndi zinyalala zina zimadziunjikira ndipo zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwake.
Ndikosavuta kuyeretsa yemwe amatsogolera - chotsani pini, kutsuka pansi pa madzi, ndikupukuta pini ndi nsanza. Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndi pomwe anthu amangoiyiwala. Ndipo kuwononga chilengedwe kumachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa amene amatsogolera ndipo chifukwa chachikulu chakuwonongeka kwa fayilo ndiko kuipitsa kwamphamvu.
Konzani ndandanda yanu yokonza zosefera mu aquarium, lembani pomwe munamaliza kuchita, ndipo onani nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa ammonia, nitrites ndi nitrate m'madzi anu.
Momwe mungasungitsire fyuluta yamkati?
Uthenga Wachiroma »Oct 17, 2015 5:00 pm
Ngakhale kuletsa kwamutuwu - kumayambitsa mkangano pamalingaliro angapo. Zikuwoneka kuti zitha kukhala zosavuta, kuchotsa chinkhupacho kamodzi pa masabata awiri, ndikuchiyambitsa m'madzi otulutsidwa mu aquarium ndikusangalala. Koma pali kutsutsanabe ngati kuli koyenera kutsuka chinkhupule m'madzi amadzimadzi kapena ngati sikumveka. Timakambirana. Koma tisanatero tidzayankha mafunso ena angapo osatsutsika.
1.KOFUNA KUTI MUKAKHALA NDI MALO OGULITSA ZINSINSI?
Malangizo ofunikira amakhala kamodzi pa masabata awiri.
Ngati mupereka malingaliro owonjezera, ndiye kuti nthawi imeneyi (monga akunja kwa kunja) zimatengera mulingo wotsekera. M'madzi odetsedwa komanso odzaza anthu, chinkhupulecho chimayenera kuchapidwa kamodzi pa sabata. M'magulu ocheperako azitsamba, nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa miyezi ingapo.
Mwini aliyense wamadzimadzi pang'onopang'ono amamvetsetsa mtundu wamtundu wanji wotsuka ndikofunikira pamlingo woyipitsidwa.
2. KHALANI NDIPONSO ZOLENGA ZAUZIMU (i. ndikuchotsa wopangitsa, kuyeretsa chipinda cha rotor, ndi zina zambiri)?
Pazosefera zazikulu (mwachitsanzo, fan3, iyi ndi ntchito yopanda ntchito, popeza kusangalatsa sikungasokoneze kusefera. Koma kwa zitsanzo zazing'ono za ma mini ndi nano aquariums, izi zimatha kukhala vuto.
3. NDIKUFUNA KUTI NDIPE KUTI NDIPONSE KUSANGALIRA KWA CHEM? MALO Mwachitsanzo kuyera?
Ambiri amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito kuyera, i.e. zilowetsani chinkhupule mu njira yoyera kapena kuthamangitsa fyuluta yonse mmenemo. Kuchita izi mosalekeza kulibe kanthu. Komabe, pali zochitika zingapo pomwe pali panacea. Mwachitsanzo:
- ndikofunikira kupha mafuta mu zosefera kuchokera m'madzi okhala ndi zilonda zowopsa
- ndikofunikira kuchotsa algae pazosefera zomwe sizitsukidwanso ndi dzanja
- ndikofunikira kuchotsa bakiteriya ndi zokhumudwitsa zina (mwachitsanzo, ngati wosuta sakudziwa kapena safuna kusokoneza chipinda cha rotor).
Chabwino, ku funso lathu lalikulu.
MWA MALO OTANI KUTI ATHENGA MALO? MU CHIYANI CHOCHOKERA KU AQUARIUM KAPENA Madzi?
Zimasiyanitsa bwanji madzi osamba? Zowonadi ndizakuti tikasamba, mwachitsanzo, m'madzi otentha otentha (omwe nthawi zambiri amasambitsidwa monga choncho), biology yonse yofunikira imatsukidwa kunja kwaosefera, ngati titha kutsuka chofinyira m'madzi otulutsidwa mu aquarium, ndiye kuti mabakiteriya okhazikika ambiri amakhalapobe ulusi wa chinkhupule.
Tsopano tikumbukire chiphunzitso chaching'ono, fyuluta yamkati imawonedwa ngati fayilo yoyesera makina, akukhulupirira kuti zotsatira zake zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe ammonia ndi nitrite) ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti zitha kunyalanyazidwa. Ndipo ili ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa nthawi zina, fyuluta yamkati ndi chithandizo chokhacho chachilengedwe cha m'madzimo. Komanso musaiwale kuti kukulira kwa fyuluta (mwachitsanzo chinkhupule chogwirizira poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu yam'madzi, kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi sayansi).
Kuti timvetsetse momwe zinthu ziliri, tikambirana ma aquariamu angapo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi - fyuluta yamkati ya Fan-3.
1. Aquarium ya malita 60. Tizilomboto tating'ono tating'ono 1 cm. Chiwerengero cha anthu 4 okhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Palibe mbewu.
2. Aquarium ya malita 60. Danga la quartz ndi 4-5 masentimita. Chiwerengero cha anthu 20. Kubzala kwamtunda.
3. Aquarium pa malita 100. Chipinda cha macalichi 1 cm. Chiwerengero cha ma cichlids 15 a Malawi. Palibe mbewu.
4. Aquarium yama 200 malita. Dothi ndilofunika. Chiwerengerochi sichofunika (malinga ndi malire a EU). Kuphatikiza pa fyuluta yamkati, pali fyuluta yakunja, mwachitsanzo, jbl e901.
Mu zochitika 1 ndi 3, kutsuka kwathunthu kwa chinkhupu m'madzi kumapezeka ndi zovuta, monga mawonekedwe a ammonia. Kuchuluka kwa mavutowa kudzakhala funso lalikulu, chifukwa zimatengera zinthu zina zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuwopsa kwa ammonia kumadalira madzi ph. Koma bwanji osadziika pachiwopsezo? Zikatero, ndimalimbikitsa kutulutsa chinkhupule m'madzi othiridwa mumadzi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zina)
Koma ngati 2 komanso makamaka 4, chinkhupule chitha kutsukidwa momwe mungafunire, zotsatira zake pakachulukidwe kazinthuzo ndizochepa (mwina 2) ndipo mwina kulibe (ngati mungatero 4).
M'mene madzi osambitsira chinkhupule ndi nkhani ya eni payokha
Koma ngati vutolo likuyenda bwino ndipo inu nomwe simungathe kusankha momwe mungachitire bwino, ndiye kuti musambitseni m'madzi othiridwa. Chifukwa chake zikhala bwino.
Ndimasamba kangati
Ntchito yosefa mu aquarium ndikuyeretsa madzi kuchokera ku zinyalala za chakudya, zinthu zotayidwa ndi nsomba ndi zinthu zina. Ngati simukusamba, imasungidwa ndi zinyalala zosefera ndipo imayamba kugwira ntchito. Nthawi inayake, bowo lonyansa limayamba kuchita zinthu zina mozungulira - limatulutsa zinthu zoopsa m'madzi. Mukanyalanyaza mkhalidwe wa fyuluta, thanzi la okhala m'madzi akhonza kukhala pachiwopsezo.
Njirayi imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuyeretsa mawonekedwe a fyuluta ndikuyeretsa bwino dongosolo. Kodi ndimafunikira kangati kuyeretsa fyuluta? Kukula kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa m'madzi am'madzi, mawonekedwe a microclimate yake, komanso kapangidwe ka mafayilo.
Pafupifupi nyengo yoyeretsa:
- fyuluta yamkati - kamodzi pa sabata,
- Zosefera zakunja - kamodzi kapena kawiri pamwezi.
Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana pa mtsinje wamadzi wochokera mu fyuluta: ngati wafowoka, ndi nthawi yoti ayambe kuyeretsa. Zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala zosefera, zimathothomoka.
Kusambitsidwa kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zonse kumachitika pofunikira.
Kutsuka malangizo
Pofuna kuti musasokoneze kuchuluka kwa bio mu aquarium, yang'anani kuti muyeretse bwino. Dongosolo limakhala ndi masiponji awiri omwe amapangidwa ndi thonje yopanda madzi. Kuziponya ndikosavuta. Siponji imodzi yokha imakonzedwa m'njira imodzi: yachiwiri, magawo ofunikira a tizilombo tating'ono timatsalira. Magulu a peat a makutidwe ndi okosijeni omwe amapezeka m'magawo ambiri amasambitsidwa kamodzi pakadutsa masabata awiri ndi atatu, miyala - kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri.
Zofunika
Magazini ya Abambo Otsuka a Chikumbukiro amakumbukira: Osagwiritsa ntchito sopo kapena zotayira. Komanso, musasambe fyuluta m'madzi otentha. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kufa kwamaluwa ofunikira, madzi mu aquarium amakhala amtambo, ntchofufuzira wosakhazikika amapangidwa, nsomba zimadwala.
Momwe mungayeretsere kawonedwe ka aquarium:
- Kusamba kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu. Potsuka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti titenge madzi kuchokera ku aquarium kuti tisawononge mabakiteriya. Chosiyanacho ndi matenda a nsomba: pamenepa, madzi omwe amakhala mu thanki amasinthidwa, ndipo zosefera zimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Chotsani fyuluta mu aquarium ndikusunthira kuchimbudzi.
- Chotsani zotchinga, chotsani kapu yachitetezo, chotsani mota ndi masamba.
- Sumutsani chinkhupule, muli, kapu, mota.
- Sonkhanitsani mbali zoyera m'malo osiyanasiyana ndikubwezeretsa njira yochiritsira pamalo ake.
Kubera kwamoyo
Kuti muyeretse mkati mwamakina kuchokera ku ntchofu, gwiritsani ntchito thonje kapena bulashi.
Opaleshoniyo ikuchitika molingana ndi malamulo omwewo, ngakhale atakhala opanga, kaya Aquael, ATAN kapena ena
Pazida zosefera kuzimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zimatsukidwanso musanayambe. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amakhala munthaka: popanda mpweya, ma cell awa akuyamba kuwola. Mukanyalanyaza ndondomekoyi, mankhwala owopsa agwera m'madzi a aquarium, omwe amadzala ndi matenda komanso ngakhale kufa kwa omwe akukhalamo.
Chitani zachilengedwe wa aquarium chisamaliro choyenera, ndiye kuti chidzakondwera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kukongola kwake kwapadera.
Ndikufuna kuyeretsa?
Fyuluta ya aquarium iyenera kutsukidwa mosalephera, mosatengera mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Akudutsa mwa iye ndi kuyeretsa madzi, pang'onopang'ono amakhala ochulukirapo. Zosefera, machubu, ma impeller ndi ziwalo zina ndizokhutidwa ndi uve, zotsalira za zinthu zowola za m'thupi, zinthu zovulaza. Izi zimabweretsa kuti pakupita nthawi, mawonekedwe aosefa amachepa.
Nthawi inayake, imasiya kuyeretsa ndikuyamba kumasula zoopsa m'madzi. Izi zimabweretsa kuphwanya kwakukulu kwachilengedwe cha m'madzi am'madzi ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda omwe amakhalamo.
Kodi ndi nthawi zingati ndipo zimafunikira kangati?
Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti aquarium iliyonse ndi dongosolo lapadera lomwe limakhala ndi zake zapadera (mankhwala ophatikizidwa ndi madzi ndi nthaka, mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa okhalamo, njira zawo zoperekera zakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito sterilizer ndi mankhwala ena, etc.).
Chifukwa chake, palibe nzeru zosinthira zoyeretsa kuchokera pa dongosolo lomwe limavomerezedwa kwambiri. Mu aquarium imodzi, katundu pazosefera azikhala wamkulu, winanso - ochepa. Zotsatira zake, adzadetsedwa pama liwiro osiyanasiyana.
Komanso kwambiri pano zimatengera kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa mawonekedwewo. Monga lamulo, zida zamakono zamtengo wapatali zimafunikira kutsuka pang'ono. Tizikumbukira kuti fyuluta yakunja yopezeka kunja kwa aquarium siyingokhala ndi kukula kwa thankiyo ndipo ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, padzakhala zinthu zina zosefera mmenemo. Izi zimapangitsa zosefera zakunja kuti zizilimbana ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri ndipo sizikufuna kukonza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zosefera zamkati mu aquarium wamba nthawi zambiri zimatsukidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Zosefera zakunja - kamodzi pamwezi. Komabe, awa ndi masiku oyenerana, omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri pamadzi amodzi ndi zosefera.
Osasankhidwa
Kupatula pa lamuloli kungakhale matenda oopsa okhala nzika. Akachira, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa dongosolo lonse lazosefera. Imachitika mosamala kwambiri kuti muchotse zotsalira za mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Izi zimalola mtsogolomo kupewa kutenganso matenda am'madzi ndikubwezeretsa zachilengedwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaletsedwa ndi mankhwala.
Mankhwala ambiri amawononga mphamvu ya mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi biofiltration. Chonde dziwani kuti munthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kukonzekera kumeneku, zosefera zilizonse zimangoyeretsa makina okha.
Ndikofunikanso kuyeretsa fyuluta yosakonzedwa ngati ichotsedwa kwa maola opitilira 2. Chowonadi ndi chakuti magulu a mabakiteriya omwe amakhala momwemo, atakhala nthawi yayitali osakhala ndi okosijeni, iwonso amasandulika kukhala chinthu chovunda. Mukayatsa fayiloyo popanda kuyeretsa koyenera, zinthu zonse zowopsa zimagwera m'madzi. Izi zimatha kudwala matenda onse am'madzi.
Zomwe ndingachite ndi okhala munthawiyi?
Popeza kuti fyuluta imachotsedwa mu aquarium yoyeretsa, mwambowu sudzasokoneza anthu mwanjira iliyonse. Amatha kusiyidwa mkati kuti asaike nkhawa zosafunikira.
Mbali ina ndi mutatsuka kwambiri, mabakiteriya ofunikira adzafunika kwakanthawikudziwa bwino kusefa ndi kuyamba ntchito wamba.
Kuti muthandizire komanso kupititsa patsogolo njirayi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse katundu pazosefera. Njira yosavuta ndiyakuti muchepetse pang'ono zakudya zamafuta musanatsuke zosefera. Kenako - pang'onopang'ono mubwerere ku zakudya zokhazikika kwa masiku 4-6.
Zamkati
- Yatsani zosefera ndikuchotsa mosamala kuchokera ku aquarium (kuyeretsa kumachitika bwino kwambiri m bafa, pamwamba pa kumira).
- Sambani kutsuka nyumba zosefera ndi madzi ofunda pogwiritsa ntchito chinkhupule chofewa.
- Chotsani chimango chachikulu kuchokera kuchotengera ndi ziwiya.
- Chotsani chinkhupule chovekera pachidebe.
- Phatikizani zida zamagetsi poyimitsa koyamba chitetezo.
- Chotsani chowongolera pini (zochotsa maginito ndi chowongolera chophatikizidwa pakupanga pafupifupi zosefera).
- Sinthani ma adaputa am'mlengalenga.
Kunja
Kuti mumvekere:
- Sinthani fyuluta kuchokera kumagetsi.
- Sinthani mosamala zosefera mu pulogalamu ya payipi poperekera ndi kutulutsa madzi.
- Chotsani zosefera mu nduna.
- Tsegulani gawo la fyuluta kuchokera kubasiketi ndi zida zosefera.
- Chotsani mabasiketi onse nthawi.
- Sanjani gawo lamakina, chotsani rotor.
Msonkhano?
Zosefera zamkati zimasonkhana chimodzimodzi, koma zosinthika.
Mbali yofunika ndi sakanizani, yeretsani ndikusonkhanitsa zosefera mwachangu. Komanso, ndizofunikanso kuchita zinthu mosamala komanso mwakuganiza. Chifukwa chake, ma bacteria a mabakiteriya amayambitsa zowonongeka zochepa. Ndipo, chifukwa chake, kusefukira kwathunthu kwachira kuchira pambuyo poyeretsa mwachangu kwambiri.
Zosefera zakunja zimaphatikizidwanso mwadongosolo. Komabe, mukamayisonkhanitsa, muyenera kuganizira mfundo zingapo:
- Onani mosamala malo oyenera ndikutsatizana kwa mabasiketi amakanema.
- Mbali zam'munsi ndi zotsika za kosefa ziyenera kukhala zolimba, osapotoza.
- Maloko onse ayenera kukhala osavuta kutseka.
- Mutha kuyambitsa zosefera mwa kuonetsetsa kuti zimadzaza ndi madzi.
Mungamvetse bwanji kuti simukuyenera kuyeretsa, m'malo mwake kapena kukonza?
Zosefera zikayamba kugwira ntchito mofooka, pakapita nthawi kapena sizigwira ntchito konse, ndipo kuyeretsa sikumapereka zotsatira, titha kunena kuti zasweka. Kuti muwonetsetse izi, mutha kuzimitsa, ndikuchotsa mu aquarium ndikuwunika moyenera.
Makamaka tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana mawaya (makamaka potulutsa chipangizocho). Nthawi zambiri pogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zipolopolo zawo zimawonongeka, zimabowola, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zowopsa. Poterepa, chipangizocho chimafunikira kukonza kosavuta koma mwachangu.
Kuwonetsetsa makamaka pakayang'aniridwa kuyenera kulipidwa kuti iwoneke komanso kuti igwiritse ntchito wowongolera. Iyenera kupindika molingana, popanda zosokoneza komanso kusawonongeka. Kupanda kutero, musachite popanda kukonza kapena kusintha gawo ili.
Kukayikira kuyenera kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakunja kwa gawo lililonse lazinthu zosefera ndi fungo loyipa losasangalatsa.
A aquarium aliwonse ndizovuta zachilengedwe, zomwe zingasokonezeke mosavuta komanso mosasamala ndi chisamaliro chosaphunzira. Zosefera ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosololi. Kuyeretsa munthawi yake komanso kuyendera pa nthawi yake kuonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino kwa zaka zambiri ndipo zithandiza kupewa mavuto akulu.
Kuchapa
Malo oyeretsa tsopano akugulitsidwa pamitundu yonse ndi kukula kwake, koma ngati fyuluta ndi yaying'ono, ndiye kuti iyenera kutsukidwa sabata iliyonse, chifukwa dothi limadziunjikira mwachangu, ndipo kwa gawo lalikulu mutha kuyeretsa kamodzi miyezi ingapo. Koma malingaliro awa ndi achabechabe, Nthawi zonse muyenera kuwunika momwe chipangizocho chili, ndipo ngati masabata angapo asintha kukhala obiriwira komanso okutidwa ndi matope, ndiye kuti kudikirira miyezi ina siowona, ngakhale kuti ndi yayikulu bwanji.
Zosefera zamkati zimafunikira kutsukidwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndipo zakunja - kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri, kutengera momwe zilili.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka madzi, ndipo ngati siolimba monga kale - ndi nthawi yoti ayeretse.
Makina
Njira yosavuta yodziyeretsera ndi pamene madzi akudutsa mu chinkhupule chapadera chomwe sichimalola uve, zomera zakufa, zotsalira za ndowe ndi chakudya. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsuka chinkhupule nthawi zonse, chifukwa zinthu zosalala nthawi zonse zimalowa, ndipo patapita nthawi fayilo imasiya kugwira ntchito moyenera. Popanda kutsuka chinkhupule pa nthawi yake, mtundu wa kusefedwa kwamadzi kumachepa, ndipo madzi amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Zosefera izi ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito, komanso zothandiza - palibe chifukwa chobwezeretsera chinkhupule.
Zachilengedwe
Mutha kugula biofiltration. Chinsinsi chake pochotsa zinthu zoopsa muchotseko ndi kuwonongeka kukhala zigawo zotetezeka zomwe sizikuwononga microflora ya nsomba. Nsomba zomwe pa moyo wawo zimatulutsa zinyalala zamadzi kulowa m'madzi, komanso chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku sichimatengeka konse, kukhazikika pansi ndikuyamba kuvunda.
Njira yowola ikayamba, ma nitrate osiyanasiyana ndi mpweya amatulutsidwa m'madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi kufa kwa ziweto zanu.
Aquarium ndi gawo lochepa, ndipo ngati zachilengedwe nsomba zitha kuyenda momasuka m'madzi kutali ndi ngoziyo, ngati kuli kotheka, nsomba zam'madzi zimakakamizidwa kupumira mafosholo oyipa ndikupita kuzovuta zamtundu uliwonse zomwe mwiniwake sangathe kuziona.
Filipo yachilengedwe imapangidwa mwanjira yoti mabakiteriya apadera omwe amakhala mu fayiloyo amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya owopsa, kuwapangitsa kuti awonongeke m'njira zomwe zimatha kupulumuka.
Zamapangidwe
Zosefera izi sizikhala za tsiku lililonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mwadzidzidzi matenda akudwala, poizoni, kapena ngati madzi asintha mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, mwadzidzidzi filimu yachilendo idawonekera pamwamba, kapena madzi adasanduka obiriwira pakapita maola.
Madzi amayeretsedwa ndi kaboni yodziyimira - imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndipo imasunga zinyalala zonse ndi ma microparticles oyipa. Pambuyo poyeretsa, malasha amatayidwa ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
M'pofunika kudziwa kuti Njira zosefera sizovomerezeka ngati chilichonse chili chabwinobwino m'madzi anu. Ogwira nsomba ambiri amakonda kuchita izi “pokhapokha” njira yoyeretsera, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimangopweteka.
Malamulo oyeretsa
Zosefera, kuphatikiza mabakiteriya oyipa omwe amachotsa mu aquarium, amapanganso zina zofunikira, chifukwa chake kungoyendayenda ndi sopo ndi burashi kumangokhala zopanda tanthauzo.
Yesetsani kuti musasambe unit mutasinthira kena kake posamalira kapena kusamalira ziweto zanu.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwapeza mitundu yatsopano ndikubzala ndi zina zomwe zilipo, kapena mutasintha madzi m'madzi momasuka, kapena yesani chatsopano chodyetsa.
Mlingowo ndi chinyengo chotere umasinthika nthawi yomweyo, ndipo zosefera ndiwowongolera chabe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mlengalenga muzikhala mgwirizano.
Kukonza biofilter
Masiponji onse amatchulidwa kuti ndi zosefera zamagetsi, popeza amatola zinyalala mumadzimo. Komabe, tonse timamvetsetsa kuti mu chilengedwe nsomba sizimakhala m'madzi oyera, ndipo kusapezeka kwa mabakiteriya oyipa osiyanasiyana, zotulutsa komanso zinthu zowola m'madzi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo.
Mabakiteriya oyipa kwambiri omwe amapukusa ammonia amakhala pamtunda wa zovala zanu zoyeretsa. Ndikofunikira kupukutira ulusiwo moyenera kuti ambiri mwa mabakiteriya (koma osati onse) awonongeke.
Mabakiteriya amayang'anira njira zamakonzedwe wamba - madzi apampopi wamba, suds sopo, zoyeretsera, ndi zopukutira zolimba zokhala ndi chitho kapena chala zingakhale zovulaza ku mabakiteriya amtundu uliwonse.
Ndikosavuta kutsuka chinkhupule - chongochapira m'madzi amodzi amadzimadzi (kumene, osati mu aquarium yokha, koma mumtsuko wina) mpaka chinkhupule chitha kukhala choyera. Zowuma sizovomerezeka: Ndikofunikira kuti nsomba zanu zisiye mabakiteriya ena kuti azikhala athanzi mkati mwamadzi.
Kusintha kwa block
Opanga ambiri amalimbikitsa kusintha masiponji okhala ndi mawonekedwe pafupipafupi, koma izi ndizongogulitsa. M'malo mwake, siponji imafunikira kusintha pokhapokha mawonekedwe ake atayika, ndiye kuti osatinso kamodzi pachaka. Monga lamulo, chovala chosambacho chimagawika magawo mkati mwamakina, ndipo gawo limodzi lokha lingasinthidwe nthawi, chifukwa ngati gawo limodzi litachotsedwa kuti lisinthidwe, mabakiteriya amasamutsidwa ndikuwachulukitsa kuchokera kumagawo otsalawo, mulingowo sudzasokonekera.
Sinthani chidutswa chimodzi masabata awiri aliwonse, kotero kuti mumasinthiratu zovala zomwe zingavulazidwe popanda nsomba.
Chosangalatsa
Fyuluta iliyonse yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi chowongolera - maginito okhala ngati silinda yokhala ndi gudumu kuti apange madzi amakono. Iyoyokha imalumikizidwa ndi maziko achitsulo. Ndikofunikira kuyeretsa wopopera, popeza nthawi zambiri algae ndi zinyalala zina zimakafika, kuziwombera, ndipo gawo limaleka kuthana ndi kukonza aquarium.
Ndikosavuta kuyeretsa yemwe amatsogolera: ndi madzi osavuta, kuwachotsa pini yomwe adalumikiza ndikuipukuta ndi nsalu. Aliyense amakonda kutsuka zovala, ndipo pafupifupi palibe amene amakumbukira zomwe zimatsogolera, ndipo ndi iye amene amapereka chidwi kuzosefera pa ntchito yonse.
Mukamatsuka fyuluta yanu, zindikirani chisamaliro cha omwe amatsogolera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndi kuwononga kwake komwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa gawo lonse.
Pangani ndandanda yosamalira nsomba zam'madzi, kuphatikiza zoyeretsa zosefera, ndipo musaiwale kuyang'ana mulingo wa nitrate m'madzi, ndiye kuti nsomba yanu idzakhala yathanzi, ndipo mudzakhala chete.
Onani pansipa momwe mungayeretsere fyuluta mu aquarium.