Dzina lachi Latin: | Charadrius hiaticula |
Gulu: | Charadriiformes |
Banja: | Charadriiformes |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Sangweji yaying'ono yofanana ndi nyenyezi, yomanga zolimba, yokhala ndi mutu waukulu wozungulira, mulomo wawung'ono kwambiri wokhala ndi mawu awiri komanso mawonekedwe osiyana akuda ndi oyera pamutu ndi pachifuwa. Mapiko a kutalika kwapakatikati, lakuthwa komanso yopapatiza, mchira wa sing'anga wamkulu, wokhala ndi odulidwa pafupifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi 18-20 cm, mapiko 48-52 cm, kulemera kwa 40-80 g.
Kufotokozera. Wamphongo wamkulu ndi wotuwa pamtunda, yoyera pansipa, koma pa chomata pali chingwe chakuda chomwe chimafikira mbali ya khosi ndikupanga kolala yakuda yomwe imaluka khosi loyera kumbuyo. Mzere wakuda kwambiri umadutsa chisoti chachifumu. Frenum ndi mzere pansi pa maso ndi zakuda. Mphumi ndi yoyera, kokha pamunsi pa mulomo mtambo wopyapyala wakuda. Pali malo oyera opindika kumtunda ndi kumbuyo kwa diso. Kumbuyo kwa chisoti cha mutu ndi nape ndi bulauni. Chibwano ndi mmero ndi zoyera. Nthenga za mchira wapakati ndi zofiirira, zakuda kutuluka chifukwa;
Nthenga zotsala zimakhala ndi nsonga zoyera ndi malo amtundu wakuda. Mu mbalame zouluka, chingwe choyera chaching'ono chimawonekera bwino pamapiko. Miyendo ndi ya chikasu cha lalanje, chachikuda, pakati pa zala zapakati ndi zakunja kutulutsa kakang'ono. Mlomo ndi lalanje ndi pamwamba wakuda, utawaleza ndi wakuda. Kuzungulira diso pali mphete yopyapyala, yofowoka kwambiri. Zachikazi ndizokongola komanso zachimuna, koma palibe mphete yachikaso kuzungulira diso, pali nthenga zambiri zofiirira pa goiter, mzere wakuda womwe umadutsa frenulum pansi pa diso ndi bulauni, osati wakuda.
Mbalame zachikulire pazovala zachisanu zimakhala zachikuda, ngati chilimwe, kumtunda kokha kumakhala kwakuda, "taye" ndi mawonekedwe amdima pamutu ndi bulauni, nsidze ndi mphumi ndi kukhudza kosagwedezeka, miyendo siyowala bwino, yokhala ndi bulawuni yoyera, milomo imakhala yamdima kwathunthu kapena yokhala ndi bulawuni m'malo mwa lalanje. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timavala bwino timabuluti tofiirira pamtunda komanso timabowo tating'onoting'ono timene timayamwa. Palibe mzere wakuda kudutsa chisoti chachifumu. Mzere m'mbali mwa mutu ndi wakuda. Mzere wozungulira ("taye") ndi wofiirira, wotsika pang'ono kuposa wamkulu. Mlomo popanda wachikasu pamiyendo, miyendo yonyansa. Mbalame zazing'ono mu nthenga zoyambirira za nyengo yozizira zimapakidwa utoto, ngati mbalame zazing'ono zazovala zabwana, koma zopanda mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timavala zovala zoyambirira zimasiyana pakati pa akulu. Phukusi pamadzi pamtunda pali zofiirira zakuda ndi zoyera kapena zofiirira. Mzere wakuda umayambira pakamwa mpaka m'maso, chingwe china chakuda chimadutsa pamphumi mpaka kumutu. Nape imapangidwa ndi chingwe chakuda chofikira kumbali yakumbuyo kwa diso. Pali khosi loyera pakhosi. Pansi pa thupilo ndi loyera, pambali ya goiter pali kakang'ono kakuda. Amasiyana ndi malo ocheperako pafupi ndi khomo lalanje la mlomo wake, kusapezeka kwa mphete yoyera yachikaso kuzungulira diso, kusapezeka kwa chingwe choyera kumbuyo kwa mzere wakuda wam'maso, ndi mbalame zowuluka - chingwe choyera chowonekera motsatira mapiko. Amasiyana ndi buluwe wanyanja ndi "tayi" wotsekedwa, miyendo yachikasu wachikasu ndi mutu wolimba. Kusiyanitsa kwabwino ndi liwu (kuyimba). Zovala zazing'ono zazing'ono ndizosiyanitsidwa ndi zingwe zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi chingwe choyera pamapiko.
Mawu. Lumikizani kulira mu paketi - kulira kwa melodic monosyllabic "mwachangu". Ndi nkhawa - mawu "bale", Ikasokonekera ku chisa kapena ana - mawu opukutira omwe abuma. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imapereka mluzi wowonjezera mphamvu "Kuwiu-Kuwiu-Kuwiu. ».
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Ndi mtundu wokhala ndi malo ozungulira polar, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu yomwe imalowa m'malo ena m'malo otentha a ku Europe ndi Asia. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Greenland ndi Canada Arctic, komanso imawulukira kumadzulo kwa Alaska. Ku Ulaya waku Russia, mtundu wokhala ndi malo osamukira omwe amakhala kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean, malo otchedwa tundra ndi nkhalango yamtchire, nthawi zina umalowa mu taiga kumpoto ndi pakati (pa Nyanja Yoyera, m'mbali mwa Pechora Valley) komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja kufikira kumwera - mpaka ku Baltic. Pamaulendo osamukira amatha kupezeka ku Russia konsekonse. Nyengo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ku Europe, m'mphepete mwa Dera la Arabia ndi Africa, kuphatikiza Madagascar.
Moyo. Imawulukira kumalo odyera pakati pa chipale chofewa, kum'mwera kwa mapeto kumapeto kwa Epulo, mpaka ku tundra ndi ku tundra kwa nkhalango kumapeto kwa Meyi. Monga lamulo, mbalame zimawuluka zokhazokha, zazimuna nthawi yomweyo zimakhala m'magulu akulu ndikuyamba kukwatirana. Yaimuna nthawi zambiri imayenda pamtunda wotsika, imawuluka mozungulira mozungulira, ikupanga mapiko olimba ndi akuya ndi mapiko ndikuwuluka kuchokera mbali ndi mbali, kwinaku ikuyimba mosalekeza. Atasenda, abambo amasiya kupezekanso.
Zimakhala pamchenga wopanda kanthu kapena pamtunda wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, pakati pamchenga wouma komanso wopanda miyala pamiyala yamapiri ya tundra, m'mapiri ndi matanthwe. Amakhala mofunitsitsa m'malo anthropogenic kunja kwa midzi, kumapfupi kwa malo, m'malo opatsirana nkhalango. M'njira zonsezi, chofunikira ndi kupezeka kwa gombe pafupi ndi malo osungirako ngati malo osungirako.
Fossa ya nesting nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono, popanda iyo - ndi zidutswa za malo, zidutswa za timitengo, pali zisa zopanda mzere. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira anayi, nthawi zina 3 mazira. Mtundu wa mazirawo ndi utoto wotumbululuka, mchenga wopepuka, nthawi zina wokhala ndi bulawuni, kapena mtundu wamtambo kapena wobiriwira. Wakutidwa pachimake ndi malo ochepa, amtundu wakuda kapena wamtundu wakuda ndi mawanga, omwe amakhala ndi kumapeto kwenikweni. Onse awiri amakhala ndi masonry osinthana kwa masiku 22 mpaka 22.
Pakakhala ngozi, amachoka pachisa chakutsogolo ndikuthawa, ngati atapezeka, ndiye kuti “asochera” mosamala, ndikuwonetsa mbalame yovulazidwa kapena kuyambitsa makulitsidwe. Nkhupakupa kwa masiku 1-2, makolo onse awiri nthawi zambiri amasamalira anapiye, koma ndi anapiye akuluakulu, amuna okha ndiwo amakonda kusamalira. Udindo wa makolo posamalira ana a mabanja osiyana akuwoneka kuti ndi wosiyana. Akuluakulu amasamalira anapiye asanadutse kuphiko. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zazikulu zimachoka m'malo osungira ana kuposa ana.
Musamuke nokha, m'magulu ang'ono kapena nkhosa, imani m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kusunthika kwa kasupe nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Epulo kapena Meyi. Kusunthira kwa nyambo kumakulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo kumapitilira kuyambira pa Julayi kapena kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti kumapeto kwa Baltic mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala kumtunda, nsonga yake imagwera kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Amadyanso tizilombo touluka, akangaude, m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi - mollusks, nyongolotsi, crustaceans, mphutsi za udzudzu.
Kulongosola
Kutalika kwa thupi la tayi nthawi zambiri sikopitilira 20 cm, mapiko siopitilira theka la mita, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 50-60 okha. Mbali yakumwamba ya nthenga za mbalameyo ndi imvi, zofiirira kapena zofiirira, gawo lotsikirako ndi loyera. Pamutu pa tayi kudzera m'maso timadutsa chingwe chakuda chomwe chimafanana ndi chigoba kwa ambiri. Pansi pa mulomo ndi miyendo ya tayeyo ndi lalanje owala. Pothawa, chingwe choyera choyera chimawonekera kuchokera mkati mwa phiko. M'nyengo yozizira, mkati mouluka, mtundu wa mbalame umatha kusintha - kumbuyo kumakhala kofiirira komanso kofuka, mulomo umataya mtundu wake wa lalanje, umazimiririka ndikufinya. Zachikazi sizimasiyana mtundu ndi wamwamuna, kupatula mtundu wa "khungu" m'maso ake. Mwaimuna, mzerewu umakhala wamtambo wakuda bii, pomwe wachikazi umakhala wopepuka, m'malo mwake ndi wa bulauni kapena imvi. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna, mwachizolowezi, ndiakulu kuposa azimayi awo.
Kubalana
Ubale pakati pa tayi ndi chachikazi titha kuonedwa kuti ndi wabwino. Ichi ndiye chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe makolo onse amathandizira polera, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza anapiye. Mbalame zamtunduwu ndizofanana, sankhani awiri kamodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti nthawi yachisanu banjali limasiyanitsidwa, popeza aliyense wa iwo amawuluka mosiyanasiyana. Komabe, nthawi yamasika, nthawi yakubzala, makolo amtsogolo amakumananso. Monga lamulo, zazikazi zimadza kale kuchokera nyengo yachisanu ndipo sabata imodzi imabwera wamwamuna. Constance amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osati pakubala, komanso pokonzekera zisa. Popeza adamangapo chisa kamodzi, ma khosi azigwiritsa ntchito moyo wawo wonse kapena kufikira atakhala oyenera kubera ana. Pambuyo pokumana kwachikazi ndi kwamphongo, masewera akukhwima atayamba, omwe amakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri - mbalamezo zimayenda “panthawiyi” panthawiyi.
Monga lamulo, wamwamuna amamanga chisa. Amapanga kukhazikika mu dothi lamchenga wofewa kapena amapeza bowo lomwe limapezeka (nthawi zambiri, ili ndi phazi kuchokera ku ziboda). Pansi pa chisa cham'tsogolo chimakhala ndi ma mollusks kapena zipolopolo. Chisa chikakonzeka, chachikazi chimayamba kuikira mazira - pafupifupi m'masiku atatu aliwonse. Pafupifupi, mazira anayi pa Clutch iliyonse. Pamaso pa mazira ndi imvi kapena bulauni yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mkati. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzindikira mazira mumiyala kapena mumchenga. Hatch mazira kwa mwezi umodzi, makolo onsewa amachita izi, nthawi ndi nthawi kusinthana wina ndi mnzake ku positi. Pambuyo pa anapiyewa, amafunika pafupifupi milungu itatu kuti akulimbe ndikuyimirira kuphiko. Izi zikangochitika, awiriwa akukonzekera kupatula pambali yachiwiri. Monga lamulo, ngati ana onse azikhala ndi moyo, ziwalo ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kwa makolo. Ngati zisa zawonongeka ndi mbalame zodyera kapena amphibians, zomangirirani pakulimbana kwamtunduwu zigonere kumapeto kwa nthawi isanu. Kuphatikiza apo, si anapiye onse omwe amapulumuka ndikudzipezera okha chakudya - izi ndizotheka ndi okhawo amphamvu, anzeru kwambiri komanso amphamvu. Pafupifupi, gawo limodzi lokha mwa magawo atatu a anapiyewo amakhala akuluakulu ndipo amapulumuka mwachilengedwe.
Manja Achidwi
Dziko la mitundu ina ya mbalame limawululira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa kwa munthu, ndipo chomangira sichili chimodzimodzi.
- Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti banja lophunzitsidwa limasokonekera - ngati mmodzi wa abwenzi amwalira nthawi yachisanu, etc. Chifukwa chake, ngati chachikazi kapena chachimuna sichinabwerere kuzizira, mnzake wachiwiri aziteteza chisa chokomacho ndipo sangalole wina kuchokera ku mbalame zina kuti atenge.
- Amayi, monga ma bunnies ena, ndi ochenjera kwambiri. Pothamangitsa mlendo wosadikidwayo kutali ndi chisa, mbalameyo imayerekezera kuti yavulazidwa ndikuyamba kukopa mdani kumbali ina ya womanga. Koma nyama yolusa ikangoyenda mtunda wotetezeka, tayiyo imawuluka.
- Ngati chisa sichingagwiritsenso ntchito, omangawo amayesa kupanga "nyumba yatsopano" pafupi ndi nyumba yakale.
- Nthawi zina zamphongo zimatha kumanga zisa zabodza kuti zikope chidwi cha akazi - ndiko kuti, kuti ziwonekere.
- Nthawi yodzala tayi imakhala pafupifupi masiku 100.
- Ku UK, ma khosi amatetezedwa, ngati amodzi mwa mbalame zosowa komanso zodabwitsa zomwe zimataya kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Tayi imatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi phokoso lakhalidwe lomwe limasiyana ndi kulira kwa zojambula zazing'ono. Ngati nthawi yodyera itadutsa, tayeyo amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono mosangalala, kuphatikiza mbalame zoulukira kumadziwe oyandikana nawo kukafuna mankhwala okoma. Ma ringworms ndi arthropods, omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa silika, amakhala zakudya zabwino kwambiri.
Tikamaphunzira zambiri za momwe mbalame zimakhalira, ndizomwe zimakonda komanso zizolowezi zawo. Modabwitsa, kusuntha kulikonse, kulira kulikonse ndi kuwuluka kwa tayi ndichinthu chofunikira chomwe mbalame imachita pa chifukwa. Masiku ano, malo okhala ngati tayi amwazika, anthu onse akuchepa. Ndipo m'manja mwathu okha kupulumutsa mbalame yodabwitsa ku mibadwo yamtsogolo.