Kutalika kwa njoka yachifumu yachifumu kuchokera pa 0.9 mpaka mita imodzi.
Njoka Ya Royal Mountain (Lampropeltis pyromelana)
Mutu ndi wakuda, mphuno ndi kuwala. Mphete yoyera yoyambirira yomwe ili pamwamba pa mawonekedwe. Khungu limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amizeremizere ofiira, achikuda ndi oyera. Kumtunda kwa thupi, mikwingwirima yakuda pang'ono ndiyotengera mawonekedwe ofiira. Pamimba, magawo amtundu wakuda, wofiira, wachikaso amaphatikizika mosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga mtundu wa anthu osiyanasiyana. Pali mitsinje yopepuka 37-40; kuchuluka kwawo ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi subspecies ya Arizona, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu - 42-61. Pamwamba, mitsinje yakuda ndiyotakata, kumbali imakhala yopapatiza ndipo osafikira mipata pamimba. Pansi pa thupi pali zoyera ndi mikwaso yooneka ngati zonona-yokhala ndi mbali.
Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka chimodzimodzi.
Mchira wamphongo okha ndi wautali, womwe umakhala ndi makulidwe apadera pansi, kuyambira anus ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, otembenukira kukhala chulu. Mchira wachikazi ndi wamfupi komanso wopanda unthambi pansi, uli ndi mawonekedwe a chulu.
Kufalikira kwa Njoka Ya King
Njoka yamapiri achifumu imakhala m'mapiri a Huachuca, omwe amakhala ku Mexico ndikupitiliza ku Arizona, pomwe mtunduwu umafalikira kum'mwera chakum'mawa komanso pakati. Malo omwe amakhala kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico, akupitilira Sonora ndi Chihuahua.
Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka chimodzimodzi.
Njira Yamoyo Yanjoka
Njoka Yachifumu Ya Royal - Ground Reptile. Nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa masana. Usiku, imabisala m'ming'alu yamiyala, m'maenje a mitengo, pansi pa mitengo ingapo, pansi pamiyala yamiyala, pakati pamiyala ikuluikulu, m'ming'alu ndi m'malo ena othawirako.
Njoka yachifumu yachifumu imakonda malo amathanthwe pamtunda wokwera.
Kubereka njoka yaphiri yachifumu
Nyengo yakubala ya njoka zamapiri achifumu imagwera mu Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka Juni. Zokwawa zimaberekera zaka 2-3, zazikazi zimaberekanso ana kuposa amuna. Maonedwe opitilira muyeso. Kulumikizana ndi njoka kumatenga mphindi 7 mpaka 15. Mazira okhwima masiku 50-65. M'masoni, nthawi zambiri amakhala atatu kapena eyiti. Njoka zazing'ono zimawonekera patatha masiku 65-80. Amayamba kudya okha pambuyo pa molt woyamba. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chikuyenda kuyambira zaka 9 mpaka khumi.
Nyengo yakubala ya njoka zamapiri achifumu imagwera mu Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka Juni.
Njoka zachifumu zachifumu zimasungidwa zokha mu chidebe chopingasa chozama masentimita 50 mpaka 40. Pokhala akapolo, mtunduwu wa zanyama zamtunduwu umakonda kupha anzawo ndipo umazunza enawo. Njoka za mapiri achifumu siziziromboti zakupha, pomwe zakumwa za njoka zina (zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo chimodzi) sizimawachita, chifukwa zimazunza abale awo ang'onoang'ono.
Kutentha kwakukulu kumayikidwa 30 30 ° C, usiku umatsitsidwa mpaka 23-25 ° C. Potentha kwawoko, gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chotenthetsera kapena mat. Ikani mbale ndi madzi akumwa ndi kusamba. Njira zamadzi ndizofunikira repitles pa molting. Terarium imakongoletsedwa ndi nthambi zowuma, stump, mashelufu, nyumba. Cuvette yodzaza ndi sphagnum imayikidwa kuti izitha kukhala chinyezi kuti njoka ikhale ndi mwayi wokumba. Mchenga wowuma, miyala yabwino, miyala ya kokonati, gawo lapansi kapena zidutswa za pepala laosefa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi. Utsi ndi madzi ofunda tsiku ndi tsiku. Sphagnum iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, izi zingathandize kuti mpweya ukhale wouma.
Ali ku ukapolo, mitundu yamtunduwu yamtunduwu imakonda kuchita cannibalism ndikuwopseza abale ake
Njoka za King ali mu ukapolo zimadyetsa nkhuku, mbewa, makoswe, ndi zinziri. Nthawi zina amapatsa achule obalalitsa ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Kwa kagayidwe kabwinobwino, mavalidwe apamwamba a vitamini-mchere amawonjezeredwa muzakudya, izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa njoka zazing'ono zomwe zimakula. Pambuyo molt woyamba, yemwe amapezeka patsiku 20-23, amadyetsedwa ndi mbewa.
Magawo a njoka yachifumu yachifumu
Njoka yachifumu yakumfumu imapanga mitundu inayi komanso mitundu yayitali ya morphological yomwe imasiyana mu khungu.
Njoka yachifumu yachifumuyi imapanga mitundu inayi
- Subspecies (Lampropeltis pyromelana pyromelana) ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi kutalika kwa 0,5 mpaka 0.7 metres. Kugawidwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa komanso pakati pa Arizona, kumpoto kwa Mexico. Mitunduyo imafikira ku Sonora mpaka ku Chihuahua. Imakhala pamtunda wamtunda pafupifupi 3000 metres.
- Ma subspecies (Lampropeltis pyromelana infralabialis) kapena otsikira milomo Arizona achifumu amakhala ndi masentimita 75 mpaka 90, osafikira mita imodzi. Khungu limapaka utoto wofiira ndi mikwaso yoyera ndi yakuda.
Imapezeka ku United States kummawa kwa Nevada, pakati komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Utah, ku Arizona ku Grand Canyon. - Subspecies (Lampropeltis pyromelana knoblochi) - Njoka ya Royal Arizona Knobloch.
Amakhala ku Mexico, wokhala m'chigawo cha Chihuahua. Zimatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo komanso wobisalira, chifukwa chake zinthu zomwe zasungidwazo sizimamveka bwino .. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira mita imodzi. Mzere woyera woyera wokhala ndi malo owoneka bwino amakona anayi okhala ndi malire wakuda m'mphepete mwa mtunda, womwe unakonzedwa mzere, umaima pakatikati pa mbali ya dorsal. Mzere Woyera wakumbuyo umasemphana ndi zingwe zopyapyala za mtundu wakuda, zomwe zimalekanitsa pansi lofiira kwambiri. Pamimba pali mawonekedwe amiyeso yakuda mosiyanasiyana. - Subspecies (Lampropeltis pyromelana woodini) - Woods Royal Arizona Snake. Kugawidwa ku Arizona (Mapiri a Huachuca), komwe kumapezekanso ku Mexico. Amakonzekera kukhala m'chipululu pamiyala yokwezeka. Kukula kwa njokayo kuchokera pa 90 cm mpaka 100. Mutu ndi wakuda, mphuno ndi loyera. Mphete yoyera yoyera pamwamba imapindika. Pali mikwingiri yoyera pang'ono pathupi, kuyambira 37 mpaka 40. Mphete zakuda ndizotambalala, kenako zimakhala zochepa m'mphepete, sizikufika pamiyeso yam'mimba. Mimba yake ndi yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yooneka ngati zonona. Izi zimayikira mazira pafupifupi 15.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kufotokozera
Njoka yopanda poyizoni ya banja lofika kale ikufika pafupifupi masentimita 150 ndikulemera pafupifupi 1800 g. Zazikulu zazikulu ndizosowa, zomwe zimafika kutalika kwa 180 cm. Njoka zambiri za malo owopsa ndi masentimita 107-120.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa lampropeltis getulus californiae zimasiyanasiyana madera. Zomwe zilinso ndi njoka zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumwera kwa California, zomwe zimasinthana ndi mikwaso yoyera komanso yachikaso yowoneka bwino. Anthu omwe amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigwa cha San Joaquin, komanso kum'mwera kwa chigwa cha Sacramento, amadziwika ndi mimba yakuda komanso mikwingwirima yakuda. Njoka zam'chipululu cha California zimadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu yakuda ndi yoyera yoyera yomwe imasinthasintha kutalika kwa njokayo, pafupi ndi mutu wonse wamdima komanso malo oyera pakati pamaso ndi nsonga ya chotupa chopepuka kuposa mtundu waukulu wamutu.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali unyinji waukulu wa ma morph omwe amaberekedwa ndi obereketsa, pakati pawo pali anthu achikasu, khofi, mtundu wakuda ndi wachikaso ndipo ngakhale Albino. Mtundu wodziwika bwino wamitundu mitundu Lampropeltis Getulus californiae ndi wakuda kapena wamizere wakuda, ukusinthana ndi mikwaso yoyera kapena yoyera.
Mamba a anthu amtundu wa njoka yachifumu ndi osalala komanso owala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake adatipatsa dzina lampropeltis - kuchokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti "lampros", omwe amatanthawuza kuti ndi wanzeru, ndi "peltis" - chishango chosalala chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Greek peltasts
Thupi la akulu limakhala lalikulu. Mutu umakhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa thupi la njoka, wamtunda komanso wothinikizidwa pang'ono m'mbali.
Njoka zachifumu ku California zilibe mawonekedwe osiyanitsa a dimorphism, chifukwa chake herpologist wokhazikika amene angadziwitse jenda pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso apadera.
Chiyembekezo cha moyo wa anthu omwe ali mu ukapolo chimafika zaka 15-20, malinga ndi zofunikira.
Chiyambi ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe
The subspecies Lampropeltis getulus californiae ndi amtundu wotchedwa Lampropeltis Getula wa mtundu Lampropeltis (King njoka) wa banja la Colubridae (kale)
Mitunduyi imapezeka pagombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, komanso kumpoto kwa Mexico. Malo okhala a Lampropeltis Getulus californiae ndi California, omwe amawonetsedwa muzina la subspecies. Njoka za mfumu ya ku California zimapezekanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Oregon, Nevada, Utah, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Colorado, komanso ku Arizona, komanso kuzilumba zingapo, makamaka pachilumba cha Sonora, Mexico. Kuphatikiza apo, ma subspecies adayambitsidwa pachilumba cha Gran Canaria.
Ma biotope a subspecies ndi osiyanasiyana. Njoka zachifumu ku California zimakhala padziko lapansi pakati pa tchire, m'matanthwe, m'zipululu, m'madambo, komanso m'malo azilima ngakhale malo okhala. M'mapiri, ma subspecies amapezeka kuti sakhala apamwamba kuposa 2180 m kummawa kwa Sierra Nevada ndipo osakweza kupitirira 1852 mamita kumapiri aku California.
Moyo
Njoka zachifumu ku California nthawi zambiri zimakhala masana. Komabe, amatha kusinthanso kukhala ndi moyo usiku mukatentha kwambiri.
Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya Lampropeltis Getulus californiae ikuchitika kuyambira pa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo mpaka Okutobala - koyambirira kwa Novembala. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kubisala m'mapanga, m'matanthwe, m'makola am'madzi, mu mitengo yopanda kanthu komanso pazitsa zakale. Mchitidwe wobisalira wamtunduwu umatchedwa "Brumacia" - pomwe, pakubisala, chinyama chimadzuka kuti chimwe madzi, koma osadya. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nyama zazing'ono sizitha kukhala zobisala, komabe, ngakhale pakadali pano, njira yofunikira kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa akulu imalepheretseka pang'ono ana.
Imasaka L. californiae makamaka pansi, koma imatha kukwera zitsamba ndi mitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunduwu umasambira bwino.
Ngati njoka yamfumu ikudandaula, ndiye kuti imayamba kukulunga, ndikung'ung'uza mchira wake kuti mawuwo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mawu omwe amveka ndi rattlesnakes. Pokhala njoka zopanda poizoni, njoka zachifumu zimayipiritsa zodyera kudzera pamphumphu. Kuphatikiza apo, monga njoka zonse zachifumu, Lampropeltis getulus californiae sakhala ndi njoka zapoizoni, zomwe sizilepheretsa kuzisaka. Kwa bambo, njoka yachifumu ya kuCalifornian siowopsa, koma ngati itazunzidwa molakwika, ikhoza kuluma ndikumasula madzi amadzimadzi kuchokera ku cloaca.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Njoka zachifumu za ku californi zimafunikira kuti zizisungidwa zokhazokha, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo. Chosiyanacho ndi nyengo yakubereketsa, pomwe gulu la njoka limatha kukhala wamwamuna wamkulu wamwamuna wamkazi awiri kapena atatu wamkulu. Nthawi yomweyo, gululo liyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, ndipo njoka ziyenera kubzalidwa kwa maola angapo mukadyetsa. Achinyamata a njoka yachifumu ku California sangakhale nawo limodzi.
Terrarium: kwa njoka yachifumu yaku California, mtundu wopingasa woyenera ndi woyenera. Kukula kwa terrarium kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala osachepera 70x50x40 cm. Mukasankha malo ogwiritsira ntchito njoka, muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kukula kwa munthu. Ngati kukula kwa munthu kulibe kupitilira 2/3 ya kuzungulira kwa terarium, ndiye kuti ndi malo okwanira njoka imeneyi. Chophimba cha terarium chiyenera kutsekedwa bwino kuti njoka isathawe.
Gawo laling'ono: Mulch (kypress bark), tchipisi ta kokonati, ndi zipatso za chimanga chodulidwa ndizoyenera kukhala gawo laling'ono la njoka yachifumu yaku California. Dothi loterolo limatha kununkhira bwino, komanso sizivuta kulipeza. Ngati, pachakudya, njoka ikhoza kumeza gawo lapansi, ndibwino kuti ibzale m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kwa akhanda, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chopukutira, matawulo a pepala kapena nyuzipepala kuti nthaka isalowe mkati mwa njoka. Kuphatikiza apo, pa zokutira zoterezi ndizosavuta kuwona zochitika za nyama zazing'ono.
Zowunikira: pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji ndi njoka, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha. Kwa kuyatsa ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent. Masana masana munthawi yopuma akuyenera kukhala maola 12-14. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiziwonjezera kuwala kwa masana ndi nyali ndi UVB 4-8%.
Kutentha kwa Zinthu: m'malo otentha, ndikofunikira kupanga kutentha kuchokera ku 25 ° C mu ngodya yozizira ndi mpaka 32 ° C pamalo otentha. Kuti muchepetse kutentha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphasa ofunda, kumuyika pansi pa terarium m'malo omwe pakhale ngodya yofunda. Kutentha kwa mtundu wapamwamba motero sikofunikira, chifukwa chake, nyali yakuwala masana yokha ndiyo ikhoza kuyikika pamwamba pa terarium.
Kusunga chinyezi: Kusunga njoka ya Royal Royal Snake, kusunga chinyezi chambiri sikofunikira. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala louma, makamaka pakona yozizira. Komabe, mu terarium, ndikofunikira kuyika chidebe ndi madzi pafupi ndi ngodya yofunda, momwe njokayo imayikidwiratu, pokhapokha ngati chidebe chadzaza ndi theka la madzi kuteteza kusefukira kwamadzi. Ndikofunikira kukonza gulu lotchedwa "chinyezi" mu terarium. Momwemo, dzenje lomwe lili ndi chonyowa litha kugwira pomwe njoka ikhoza kuyika maliro. Ndipo kuyesa mvula zam'malo otentha, malo ogwiritsidwira ntchito kamodzi pa sabata amatha kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Dongosolo: Kukhalapo kwa malo okhala ndi malo obisalako okwanira ndi chofunikira kuti zili mu njoka yachifumu yaku California. Mu ngodya yofunda mutha kuyika zomera zotentha ndi sphagnum moss. Pakona kozizira, chinyezi chimayenera kupewedwa kuti njoka isagwire chimfine chifukwa cha hypothermia, chifukwa chake malo okhala pano ayenera kukhala owuma. Maboti ndi mbale yomwera ndi madzi, imathandizanso njoka ikasungunuka. Kuti nyama ziziwoneka ngati zotetezedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kutseka makoma atatu a terrarium mokongoletsera.
Kudyetsa akapolo
Kuthengo, kudya kwa Lampropeltis Getulus californiae kumadalira malo, chifukwa ndiosavuta mwa nyama zankhondo ndipo amadya chilichonse chomwe chimatha kumeza. Chifukwa chake, makoswe, mbewa zazing'ono, abuluzi ndi mazira awo, njoka (kuphatikizapo njoka zam'madzi) ndi mazira, achule, salamanders, mbalame, komanso ma invertebrates akuluakulu, komanso mazira a mbalame ndi akambuku, asandulika njoka zakufumu zaku California.
Muukapolo, mutha kudyetsa njoka izi ndi mbewa ndi makoswe a kukula koyenera. Ndikwabwino kupatsa nyama nyama yokakamiza kapena yopunthidwa kuti musavutike nayo. Posintha zakudya, mazira a zinziri amatha kuperekedwa kwa njoka. Mafupa okhala ndi zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo za mazira ndi gwero labwino la calcium, koma amathanso kuwonjezeredwa ngati mbali yapadera ya vitamini-mchere ma repitili.
Akuluakulu amafunika kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, kapena njoka ikadzichotsera. Kukula kwachichepere kumatha kudyetsedwa kawiri pa sabata, kotero kuti kite imakula mofulumira. Ndikofunika kupewa kunenepa kwambiri mwa akulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuswana
Asanaberekane ndi njoka zachifumu ku ukapolo, ziyenera kutenthedwa. Kuti izi zitheke, njokayo imayenera kukonzekera. Kwa pafupifupi sabata limodzi osatha kumudyetsa, ndiye kuti muzimitsa kutentha ndi kuchepetsa kutentha. Kwa njoka za mfumu, kutentha kwambiri kwa hibernation kuli pafupifupi 12 - 15 ° C. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, njokayo imasungidwa pamatenthedwe otere, kenako mosinthasintha - pang'onopang'ono kutentha kumatuluka pakatha sabata, mutatentha, njoka imatha kudyetsedwa pakatha sabata.
Mutha kukhala ndi njoka yozizira m'mabokosi apadera pa nthawi yozizira kapena m'matumba a herpetological. Pali chiopsezo chachikulu chakuti njokayo imagwira chimfine, motero ndikofunika kuti isalole chinyezi kuwonjezeka nthawi yachisanu. Palibenso chifukwa chobwera chakumwa chachikulu, kukula kwake kungoyenera kulola kuti njokayo iledzere, osasambira. Madzi onse okhetsedwa ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndibwino kuti wakumwa azikhala wokhazikika momwe angathere.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yozizira, zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimabzalira pamalo amodzi. Mimba ya mkazi imatenga pafupifupi masiku 45.Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri mpaka 12. Incubation imatha masiku 45-60 pa kutentha 27-27 ° C.
Pafupifupi sabata itatha, kubadwa kwa molt ndipo kumatha kudyetsedwa. M'mbuyomu, sayenera kudyetsedwa - amakhalabe ndi yolk m'mimba. Simungathe kuyika mwana mwachangu pamalo othamanga. Kumeneko kudzakhala kovuta kuti apeze chakudya ndikubisala, zimamupanikiza. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mupangitse malo owerengera kapena kuisunga pang'ono. Achinyamata ena onsewa ali ngati zomwe njoka zikuluzikulu zimanena.