Nelma Izi ndi nsomba zamitundu yodziwika za Whitefish, zoyera, zomwe ndi za mtundu wa nsomba. Nelma imatengedwa ngati nsomba ya theka kapena njira yatsopano. Aura a malo ake amakhalapo mpaka ku chigwa cha Arctic Ocean, mpaka ku Mackenzie River kuyambira ku Mtsinje wa Ponoi. Chonde cha nelma chimachokera ku mazira a 125 mpaka 420, nsomba izi zimayamba kugwa (Seputembara-Okutobala) m'malo othamanga, pomwe pansi pamakhala mchenga komanso miyala ndipo kutentha kwa madzi ndikuchokera 3 mpaka 8 ° С. Caviar amakula pakati pa miyala pansi nthawi yonse yozizira. Kale mchaka choyamba cha moyo, nelma amakhala wolusa ndipo amadyera vendace, amasungunuka, ana perch carp ndi whitefish. Nelma ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda, komanso chinthu chozengereza.

Nelma (nsomba zosamukasamuka) amasiyana ndi nsomba mu mtundu wake, zomwe sizikhala ndi malo amdima. Thupi lokha limakulitsidwa ndipo limasunthidwa pang'ono pambuyo pake. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakumbuyo ndi wakuda, mmbali ndi siliva wopepuka, pamimba pali zoyera komanso kamwa yayikuru yokhala ndi mano akuluakulu apakatikati. Nelma - nsomba ndi yayikulu kwambiri, m'malo osiyanasiyana malo ake momwemo kulemera kambiri kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 16 kilogalamu, koma pali anthu a kilogalamu makumi atatu ndi makumi anayi.

Kufotokozera

Dzina lachi Latin: Stenodus leucichthys
Mayina ena: Whitefish
Banja: Salimoni
Jenda: Sigi
Lembani: madzi oyera
Moyo: pelagic
Mtundu Wamphamvu: ochepa nyama
Habitat: beseni la Nyanja ya Caspian

Mawonekedwe

Pakamwa pa Nelma pamakhala zazikulu, zoona. Nsagwada ya m'munsi imayang'ana kutsogolo ndikugwada kwambiri kutsogolo, mwa mawonekedwe a "dzino" limalowa pakatikati pa nsagwada yapamwamba. Kulankhula kwake ndi chigaza kumayambira kumbuyo kwa m'maso. Nsagwada, zotsegulira komanso lirime zili ndi mano ang'ono. Thupi silikhala labwino, koma looneka ngati pike, lopindika pambuyo pake. Mtundu kumbuyo kwake ndi wobiriwira wakuda kuti ukhale wonyezimira, pamimba ndi mbali zasiliva. Palibe mikwingwirima yakuda pa thupi; zipsepi zake ndi zakuda.

Pali mitundu iwiri: nsomba zoyera kuchokera ku Caspian Sea bas ndi nelma kuchokera kumitsinje ya Arctic Ocean. Magawo amtunduwu ndi arctic. Whitefish idalowa Caspian kuchokera ku beseni la nyanja ya Arctic mu Late Ice Age. Nelma imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 150 ndi kulemera kwa 28 (nthawi zina mpaka 40) kg. choyera - 130 cm. ndi 14 kg. Zaka zikuluzikulu ndizofika zaka 22. Kukula kwake ndikokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina zoyera, koma mkati mwa malo ambiriwo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula ndi kutha msinkhu, komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pa kukula ndi kakulidwe ka anthu. Makamaka kukula kwodziwika bwino kumadziwika ndi nsomba zoyera.

Moyo wa nsomba ndi malo okhala

Nelma - nsomba, kupanga mawu ofanana ndi thukuta la taimen m'madziwe. Amatha kuwopsyeza asodzi odziwa ntchito, kutalika komanso phokoso. Pamalo operekera nsomba za kumpoto za nelma.

Kwambiri pachaka amasambira m'madzi ozizira a Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh, Lena komanso pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja yakumpoto. Chachikulu ndikuti mchere wamadzi sudutsa 20 ppm. Salmoni pitani mitsinje kuti ikatulutsire. Ma Nelms amasunthira komwe akupita pansi, popewa osaya. Nsomba zimatsirizika ndi nthawi yophukira.

Nelma amathamangira kukayamba madzi oundana atangokokoloka. Kupita ku malo obzala, nsomba siziiwala kudya. Nsomba zazing'ono zimagwera pansi "kuwombera". Ma Nelms amaphulika m'magulu awo. Kugwedeza mchira wake mwamphamvu, wopambana wa nkhaniyo akupsinja ozunzidwa. Kodi nsomba za nelma zimawoneka bwanji nthawi ino? Monga katsitsi. Anthu awiriwa pamadzi ndi ofanana m'njira yosaka, machitidwe.

Ku Russia, nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwona machitidwe a nelma m'malo otsalira a Siberia ndi Far East. Kunja kwa dzikolo, nsomba zoyera zimapezeka m'matupi amadzi ku Canada, USA. Mwakutero, mtsinje uliwonse wopepuka wa Arctic Circle ndi woyenera nelma.

Kufalikira kwa Nelma

Kuchuluka kwa nelma kumalowa m'mitsinje kuchokera malo opanda nyanja oyandikira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, kutentha kumachepetsa, kuthamanga kwa njira ya nelma. Atalowa kale mumtsinjewo, nsomba zimayandikira pansi ndikuyenda momwe. Ndi kuyenda kwinanso pamtsinje, nelma nthawi zambiri imakwera pamwamba pamadzi. Nelma amapewa kuwombana ndi madzi osaya ndipo amakhala kumapeto akutsinje wa mtsinje. Panjira yopita kumalo obisika, kukwera mtsinje, nelma amawononga nsomba zingapo zazing'ono zingapo. Amagwira nelma atangotsegula mitsinje kuti ipangike. Kukula, nelma kumapita kunyanja, ngakhale anthu ena amakhala m'mitsinje kwakanthawi (kuyambira chaka mpaka zaka zitatu) ndikupita kukapeza chakudya m'madzi osefukira.

Zakudya za Nelma

Nelma samadya zakudya zam'mera. Kufotokozera kwa nelma Kodi ndikulongosola kwa adani 100 peresenti. Zakudya zomanga thupi zokha zomwe amadya kuyambira mwezi umodzi. Izi zisanachitike, chakudyacho chimakhala chosakanikirana, chifukwa ndizovuta kuti ana omwe angoyamba kumene kumeza amene akuvutika.

Zakudya za heroine wa nkhaniyi zimatengera nsomba za nelma zili kuti. Pomwe akusambira m'mbali mwa nyanja, iye amadya nsomba zoyera zatsopano, vendace, wosungunuka. Mitundu ina yam'nyanja ndiyabwino, yotsika kuposa nsomba zoyera kukula.

Akudutsa mumtsinje, Nelma amadya nsomba zamadzi oyera, crustaceans, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake. Maziko a menyu ndi achinyamata carp ndi nsomba. Masana, pankhani ya zakudya, nsomba zansomba zimangokhala, kusaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Panthawi imeneyi, ndikugwira nelma.

Kugwira nelma nthawi yozizira

Amamufuna pamchenga wapafupi ndi pakati pa njira, kapena kutali ndi zigwa. Pamenepo nelma imagwira nsomba yomwe imanyamula mwachangu. At nsomba nelma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi zonse amayimilira ndi mutu wake motsutsana ndi mafunde. Chifukwa chake, amatsogolera nyambo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosangalatsa.

Nelma Habitats

Nsomba za Nelma ndi amodzi mwa abale ambiri a anthu otchuka ku Siberia - om. Komabe, osati pafupi kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, chir kapena whitefish. M'malo mwake, nsomba iyi ndi mtanda pakati pa omul ndi nsomba. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa Nelma ndi nsomba yoyera. Asayansi ena amalinganiza kuphatikiza nsomba ziwiri izi kukhala amtundu umodzi. Komabe ali osiyana ndi osiyana mdera lawo. Whitefish imakonda madzi ofunda komanso odekha. Imakhala mkanjira yapakati komanso kumwera kwa gawo laku Europe la Russia ndi Urals. Koma nelma amachita mosiyana. Iye, mmalo mwake, amakonda madzi ozizira komanso ankhanza, choncho safanana ndi nsomba yoyera.

Msodzi waukulu wa nsomba za nelma ndi Siberia. Ngati mukudziwa kale za a lom ndi abale ake, ndiye kuti sizingakudabwitseni. Siberia ndi paradiso weniweni kwa nsomba zoyera, ndipo nsomba za nelma zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi. Komabe, mosiyana ndi abale ake ambiri, sikuti amangokhala gawo la Siberia ndi Far East lokha. Ngati mog, chir, muksun ndi nsomba zina zoyera zimapezeka m'mitsinje yolumikizana ndi Nyanja ya Baikal ndi Arctic Ocean, ndiye kuti magawidwe a nelma ndi ochulukirapo.

Nsombazi zimathawiranso kumitsinje yomwe imagwirana ndi Pacific Ocean ndipo nthawi yomweyo imadziwika pakati pa abale ake komanso abale ake. Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka kudziko lina. Chifukwa chake dziko lathu silingadzitamandire kuti kulibe nsomba ngati nelma kwina kulikonse. Imapezekanso m'mitsinje ya Canada ndi United States (Alaska). M'malo awa, nyengo ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi nyengo ya Siberia, kumakhala kozizira komanso koopsa, ndipo ndizomwe zimafunikira.

Ngati titha kunena za malo omwe nsomba zimakhalapo makamaka, ndiye kuti zimapezeka pafupifupi m'mitsinje yonse yopezeka ku Arctic Circle. Kumadzulo, malo omwe nsomba zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malire a mitsinje ya Pona ndi Onega, kummawa (kale kumpoto kwa North America) - ndi mitsinje ya Yukon ndi Mackenzie. Zachidziwikire, sizinganenedwe kuti nsomba zimagawanidwa moyenera m'malo awa osungirako, m'malo mwake. Kwina kuli zambiri (mwachitsanzo, mumtsinje wa Severnaya Dvina ndi nyanja zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi: Zaysan, Norilskoye, Kubenskoe), koma kwina kwake zimapezeka m'malemba amodzi.

Kugawidwa kosagwirizana kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Apa nyengo ili ndi gawo lomwe limakhala lofanana nthawi zonse pamitundu imodzimodzi, ndi mitundu ya mitsinje (yofulumira kapena yofulumira), ndipo, mwachilengedwe, chilengedwe.

Ecology nthawi zambiri imakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe cha nelma. Mwachitsanzo, theka la zaka zapitazo, lidali lalikulu mu Mtsinje wa Ob ndi masisitere ake, mwachitsanzo, ku Biya, Charysh, Peschanaya, Anui ndi ena. Ndipo Ob adatsekedwa ndi damu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nelma kudatsitsidwa kakhumi. Ngati m'mbuyomu, nsomba izi zidagwidwa pafupifupi pamafakitale, koma tsopano ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nsomba zonse, chifukwa kuchuluka kwake kwatsika mpaka pakufika povuta kwambiri.

Zofananazi zitha kunenedwa za mitsinje ina ya Siberia ndi Far East. Kwina, chomwe chidayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba za nelma chinali zovuta zachilengedwe, kwinakwake, zamagetsi zamagetsi ndizomwe zimayambitsa vuto, kwinakwake, zimangogwira osagwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa nelma kwatsika kwambiri mpaka asayansi ayamba kale kuwomba. M'madera ena, nsomba izi zaletsedwa kale kugwira nsomba zambiri.

Ngati timalankhula za malo a nelma ambiri, ndiye, monga momwe mumaganizira kale, amakonda mitsinje, ndipo mitsinjeyo ndi yodekha komanso yotakata. Samapewa nyanja. Asayansi ena amayesa kugawa nsomba za nelmu m'magulu awiri: nyanja-mtsinje ndi mtsinje, ngati chir kapena muksun. Gulu limodzi, limakhala munyanja, ndipo limawonekera m'mitsinje, lina limakhala ndikuwonjezeka mumtsinje, koma m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwa njira, izi zimapezeka mwamagulu onse oyera.

Zakudya zazikulu za nsomba za nelma ndi crustaceans, mphutsi zam'mimba, nsomba mwachangu. Alipo ambiri aiwo mumagawo amtsinje momwe komwe kulibe kulibe kwambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake nsomba za nelma zimakonda kukhala pamenepo. M'madzi, amasankha malo pafupi ndi mitsinje, chifukwa amabwera ndi matalala, mphutsi ndi "malonda" ena.

Koma nelma limamera kokha m'mitsinje. M'dzinja, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu ndikuyamba kuyenda mtunda wautali, kumene madzi amatentha pang'ono. Caviar imasesedwa m'malo okhala ndi mchenga kapena pathanthwe, ndipo nsomba zimabwereranso. Zokwanira, njirayi imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chifukwa chake sizimachitika chaka chilichonse.

Masiku ano, nsomba za nelma zimadziwika kuti ndizabwino. Amadziwika chifukwa cha nyama yake yanthete yamafuta ambiri. Tsoka ilo, izi sizipindula kukula kwake. Zomwe nsomba zimapezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngakhale komwe zikadakhalabe, sizambiri monga kale. Komabe, nsomba za m'madera ena zimaloledwa, ngakhale zili zochepa. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi mwayi woyeserera izi.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kudziwa banja lomwe nelma nsomba ikuyimira, titha kuganiza kuti heroine wa nkhaniyo amwalira atangotuluka. Komabe, nsomba yoyera imawonekera kangapo m'moyo wake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba wa nsomba, osati kufa. Zambiri zakuchepa kumalumikizidwa ndi kutha msanga nelma:

1. Amuna okonzeka kubereka osakwana zaka 5. Ena amatenga manyowa achikazi ali ndi zaka 10 zokha.
2. Akazi amtunduwu ndi okonzeka kutulutsa m'zaka 2-3.

Pofuna kufalikira, nelma imadutsa mitsinje motsutsana ndi yomwe ilipo makilomita 1.5,000 tsopano. Mukufuna kupeza kufikira kapena kutaya ndi miyala. Apa, aliyense wamkazi amaikira mazira 80-400. Ndibwino kuti mukukhala masiku 250.

Nelma mwachangu amadziwika ndi kukula msanga. Kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu khumi kwa nsomba zoyera zikukula m'zaka 5. Kutalika kwa moyo wa heroine wa nkhaniyi ndi zaka 25. Chiwerengero cha nelma chikuchepa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi amagetsi pama mitsinje momwe nsomba zoyera kale zidapangidwa.

Zomera za ma hydroelectric zimapangitsa madzi kukhala otentha komanso mitambo. The heroine wa nkhaniyo, monga akuwonetsera, amangodziwa mitsinje yowoneka bwino komanso yozizira. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo owonongera kumabweretsa kutsika kwa anthu onse.

Zomwe zimapangidwira, zopatsa mphamvu za calorie komanso zothandiza za nelma

Kalori nelma ndi 88 kcal pa 100 g ya nyama. Nyama ya Nelma imakhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, madzi, komanso vitamini PP, yofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, michere ya macroelement komanso zinthu zina: chromium, zinc, molybdenum, fluorine ndi nickel.

Pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, nsomba zowonda kapena zamafuta ambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zakudya zina, nsomba zamafuta ambiri monga nelma zimaloledwa. Mafuta a nsomba ndi abwino chifukwa amangogayidwa mosavuta ndipo amakhala ndi mafuta osakwaniritsidwa ambiri monga mafuta. Komabe, chifukwa cha mafuta, omwe amaphatikiza mwachangu mlengalenga, pamatenthedwe komanso pamaso pa kuwala, nsomba zimawerengedwa ngati chinthu chowonongeka komanso chosasinthika pazomwe zili pamwambapa.

Kugwira nelma

Mukamagwira nelma, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndi wamanyazi komanso wosamala. Zochita zake zoteteza zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu. Nelma ndi rheophile, ndiye kuti, nthawi zonse amangoyima m'madzi ndi mutu wake motsutsana ndi zomwe zilipo. Kwa moyo, amafunika madzi oyera okha ndi oyera. Nelma inatulutsa m'madzi nkununkhira ngati nkhaka zatsopano. Nelma amwalira wopanda madzi m'mphindi zochepa zokha ndipo amatuluka magazi kwambiri kudzera m'matumba.

Mitsempha yayikulu imagwidwa pa ma turntable ndi oscillator akulu owonda-thupi, monga lamulo, ali ndi siliva pamtundu wa suwry kapena vendace, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa nelma. Kwenikweni, nelma imagwidwa, ngati lingaliro lam'madzi kumtunda ndi pakati pamadzi pakuya kwa mita 2 kuchokera pamtunda, kapena ngakhale kumtunda. Uwu ndi mulingo wamba wodyetsa nelma.

Usodzi wamadzulo nthawi zambiri umakhala woyipa kuposa kusaka m'mawa. Kugwidwa kwa nelma usiku ndizokayikitsa. Nthawi zina amagwidwa masana, koma masiku opanda phokoso komanso amtambo. Nelma amapirira kwambiri. Koma, atapanga kuponyera zingapo, akuwongoka, anagona pambali ndikumuloleza kuti adzipulumutse modekha.

Nsomba zonse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za nsomba zimatetezedwa ndi boma, chifukwa chake, kuwedza kwa nelma ndizoletsedwa kumadera onse akumwera ndi pakati pa Siberia. Chosiyana ndi chakumpoto kwa Siberia, komwe mabizinesi amodzi amagwira ntchito modzigulitsa kenako ndikugulitsidwa ku dziko lonselo. Koma nthawi zambiri asodzi amateur amagwira nsomba za elma kugwira nsomba zina. Ndizovuta kugwira nelma kum'mwera kwa Siberia ndi zida zamasewera - chidwi chake sichikhala chokwanira kwambiri, monga, m'malo omwe amakhala kosatha, mwachitsanzo, ku Ob delta. M'malo amenewo kusodza kwa nelma ndikololedwa ndipo kumatha kugwiridwa bwino pamenepo pogwiritsa ntchito kupota.

Tsoka ilo, masiku aposachedwa m'mitsinje ya Siberia ndi North Ural yakhala yocheperako kuposa kale, ndipo osalemba milandu okha ndi omwe ayenera kutsutsidwa, ngakhale atapereka gawo lalikulu: amagwira nelma kwambiri komanso mosagwirizana, ndipo zimavuta kuvuta - malo komwe mungathe kutetezedwa bwino, palibe ambiri omwe atsalira. Malo opangira magetsi ochulukirapo ambiri adamangidwa pamitsinje ya Siberia, ndipo anthu amafunika magetsi ochulukirapo - malo opitilira theka la malo osungiramo nsomba atadulidwa, ndipo m'malo otsalawo madzi akhala opanda uve, koma ma nema salma - ngati madzi oyera okha. Inde, amayesa kubereka mwakapangidwe, koma mpaka pano sizikuyenda bwino: nelm fry amapulumuka bwino ali mu ukapolo.

Koma nsomba iyi ndi yamitundu yamtengo wapatali yamalonda, ndipo imatetezedwa mwamphamvu: ndizoletsedwa kuyigwira ku Russia - makamaka chifukwa yayamba kubereka kwambiri, ndipo kudera limodzi lokha - kumpoto kwa Siberia - amisiri asodzi amagwira ntchito mwalamulo.Kugwidwa kwa nelma m'madera ena kumatheka kokha chifukwa cha kugwira nsomba, ikalowa mu ukonde limodzi ndi nsomba zina.

Ndizotheka kuti posachedwa zinthu zasintha kukhala zabwino, chifukwa nyama yam'madziyi imadziwika ndi kusakhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa nelma kukhala chinthu chodalitsika pakugulitsa nsomba.

Khalidwe la Nelma

Maonekedwe a nelma nthawi yomweyo amawonekeratu kuti amatsogoza moyo wamisala. Nelma amasangalala ndi nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse, khalani osungunuka kapena ma venda. Nsomba sizisakidwa ngati nsomba zambiri. Samabisala, samadikira nyama. Nsomba amasankha njira yotsimikiziridwa yomwe ingamupatse chakudya chochuluka. Nyamayi ikamenya nkhomayo ndi madzi, imakankhanitsa masukulu a nsomba, kenako imadya. Munthawi ya kusowa nsomba, sichinyalanyaza tizilombo, makoko ndi mphutsi. Nelma akuyamba kusaka ali ndi zaka 1 mwezi wazaka.

Kubalalika nelma

Kukhwima kwa amuna kumachitika pazaka 5, ndipo mwa akazi azaka 6. Kwa oyimira kumpoto kwa nelma, kuyamba kwa kuyenderera kwa ayezi kumatanthauza kuyambira kosamukira kutali kupita kumalo obisika. Kutulutsa kwa nsomba m'matumba ndipo 70% ya paketiyi ndi achikazi. Kucheka kwa nsomba si chaka chilichonse, chifukwa njira yomwe imatsatirayi nthawi zina imafika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pali nelma kumtunda. Kubwezeretsa kwachangu kumayamba mu Julayi. Mitsinje ingapo ya Siberia ndiyabwino malo. Kamodzi mumtsinje, nelma sasiya kudya. M'malo mwake, chidwi chake chikukula. Nsomba mumtsinje zimayesetsa kukhala pafupi pansi, pang'onopang'ono zimakulirakulira. Kufalikira kwa Nelma kumachitika mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kupendekera mpaka madigiri 8 Celsius. Malowa akuyenera kukhala achidule, pathanthwe kapena pathanthwe. Chonde wamkazi chimafikira mazira 500,000. Mazira adzagwire nyengo yachisanu pakati pa miyala ndipo mu nyengo yachisanu imatuluka. Kukula kwa Nelma kumachitika mwachangu. Atasiya mazira, amphongo amayamba kudyetsa kwambiri mphutsi ndi tizilombo ta mapiko. Ndi nthawi ya kukula, kudya kwa nyama yolusa kumasintha. Amapita kukapha nsomba. Pambuyo pofalikira, zoyerekeza za theka zimapita kunyanja kukadyetsa. Koma nthawi zina nsomba zimangokhala mumtsinjewo kwazaka zingapo ndikukhala limodzi ndi madzi oyera amtsinje.

Nsomba zomwe zimakhala mumtsinjewo zimasambira. Pang'onopang'ono, iye amawombera pansi. Amakonzekeretsa madera omwe ali ndi maphunziro ochepa, chifukwa ali ndi chakudya chochuluka. Kuti mupeze zokwanira mdani wamkuluyu, muyenera zakudya zambiri zopatsa thanzi.

Moyo kuzungulira nelma

Nthawi yamoyo yopumira pang'ono komanso yolimba imafanana ndi oyimira banja lake. Kuwoneka kuchokera mazira mumtsinje wapamwamba, mwachangu adzadyetsa mwachangu ndikukula. Malek akhala zaka zingapo zotsatira mumtsinje, kenako malo ake otsetsereka amayambira kunyanja kapena nyanja kuti awonjezere kukula, kukulitsa ndi kudyetsa. Kwa zaka 4-5 zikubwerazi, nsomba zimakhala m'madzi, mchere osaposa 20 mlm. Nsombazo zikafika kukhwima, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimayamba ulendo wamtunda kupita mumtsinje kuti zikatulutse. Atasokera m'magulu akulu, nsomba zimayenda ulendo womwe ungathe kukokerako kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Popeza afika pamalo onyankhira, zazikazi zimayamba kuponya mazira ang'ono. Anthu ena amakhala mumtsinjewo kwazaka zingapo, koma unyinji wa nsombawo umatsamira. Caviar imagundidwa pakati pamiyala, ndipo mchaka chaching'ono wosasenda bwino amatuluka. Mwachangu amakula mumtsinje mpaka zaka 2-3, kenako ndikupita kunyanja kukadyetsa. Nsomba zomwe zidalowa munyanjamo zimakula ndipo, zitatha kukhwima, zipita kumalo komwe zimachokera mazira. Zaka za moyo wa nelma zimafika zaka 20. Nsomba zimamera pafupifupi nthawi 6-8 mkati mwa moyo wawo ndipo zimachita izi pakadutsa zaka 1-2.

Njira zogwira nelma

Mukasodza kwa nelma, munthu ayenera kuganizira zomwe zimachititsa kuti nsomba izi zidyedwe, koma m'malo mwake ndi wamanyazi komanso osamala. Amadyapo nsomba zazing'ono: smelt, roach, char. Nyambo iyenera kusankhidwa potengera zomwe nsomba zimakonda. Muyenera kugwira mmawa m'mawa, pamakhalanso mwayi woluma. Usiku, kulibe mwayi wogwirira nyama zolusa. Usodzi masana zinthu zimayenda bwino ngati nyengo ili yotentha komanso yopanda phokoso. Ndikwabwino kuti musankhe giya wopota ndi mseru wosakira komanso wopindika. Ndodo iyenera kukhala yopepuka ndi chingwe chowedza mpaka 0,5 mm. Supuni iyenera kutsogolera pamtunda wamadzi, chifukwa nelma amadya pamenepo. Pamwamba pa madzi, nyambo yakuda ikhale yabwino, ndipo mkati mwa madzi, pali kanthu kena kamene chakudya chake chimachita. Kuphatikiza pa nyambo zokumba, nelma amasangalala kulabadira nyambo yamoyo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mazira a nsomba zina kapena nsomba zomwe mumakonda kwambiri: kusungunuka komanso kuyamwa.

Kumbukirani kuti mutha kugwira nsomba ngati ili ndi njala ndikusaka nokha. Palibe nzeru kudikira nelm. Kudziwa komwe nsomba siziri zovuta kwa asodzi. Amapsa, ndikudzutsa nsomba, kenako nkuudya. Splash nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Spinner iyenera kuponyedwa pakati pa yokulungira ndi pafupifupi 15 metres. Nelma si m'modzi mwa anthu odza nyama omwe amasaka supuni mwachidwi. Nthawi zambiri kuluma kwake sikuwonekera. Muyenera kulumikiza nsomba mwachangu, chifukwa masekondi oyamba mukatha kuluma, amatha. Wotsutsa saona kukana. Nelma sadzalimbana mwamphamvu ndi kutaya supuni. Msodzi amayenera kubweretsa nsomba mosamala ndikuzitenga mothandizidwa ndi ukonde womenyera.

Kusodza nsomba kumaika anthu ambiri m'mitundu yambiri pachiwopsezo ndipo nelma sichoncho. Kusodza nyama zam'madzi ndizoletsedwa kumadera ambiri a Siberia, kupatula kumpoto. Ndi madera akumpoto a Siberia komwe kuwedza kwakukulu kwa nsomba yamphamvu imeneyi kumachitika.

Mtengo wamtundu wa nelma

Nelma ndi nsomba yodabwitsa yomwe imanunkhiza ngati nkhaka zatsopano pambuyo posodza. Izi ndichifukwa chamadzi omwe nsomba imakhala. Nelma amakhala m'madzi owoneka bwino. Madzi akasungunuka, nsomba zimasiya malo okhala. Khalidwe la Nelma komanso malo omwe amakhala. Nsomba zilibe majeremusi ndipo zimatha kudyedwa zosaphika. Kukoma kwa nyama ndi kovuta. Nelma alibe mafupa.

Ubwino wam'minyewa ya nelma ndikuti nsomba izi zimakhala ndi micronutrients yambiri, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Nyamayo ili ndi mavitamini E komanso gulu B. Mapuloteni ambiri am'mimba ndi am'mimba, ndichifukwa chake nelma ndi mwayi wabwino wazakudya. Kuphatikizika kwa nyama mu chiyezo cholondola kumakhala ndi mafuta ndi ma amino acid, ofunikira kuti thupi la ana likule.

Nelma ndiye nsomba yakale kwambiri, yomwe idalembedwa mu Red Book m'malo ambiri a Russia. Kusodza nyama yolusa imeneyi kumangololedwa kumpoto kwa Siberia. Msodzi wamkulu, wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu amakhala msodzi woyenera kwa asodzi ngati ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kugwirira ena.

Khalidwe la nyengo

Potseguka kwa mitsinje chifukwa cha madzi oundana, magulu a anthu okhwima akuyamba kuchoka ku Arctic Circle kupita kumadera ena. Chilimwe chonse, zimasunthira kumtunda, kudyetsa kulemera. Kusuntha kwamphamvu kwa nsomba mumitsinje kumawoneka pakati pa Julayi.

Pofika mwezi wa Seputembala, amafika kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia, komwe amayimilira kuwonekera m'mitsinje ingapo yaying'ono, mpaka pansi. Nelma, yemwe amakhala m'madzi amkati, amakhala moyo wake wonse mwa iwo, ndipo amawaza misonkho.

Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, imadzidyetsa mpaka nthawi yotentha ndikubwerera kunyanja. Anthu ena atha kukhalabe mumkhumbi kwa zaka zitatu. Achichepere amakhala m'mitsinje yowuluka kwa zaka zitatu, kenako ndikutsika madzi ambiri.

Chitetezo

Nelma akutetezedwa ndi boma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu msanga. Poyamba, adalembedwa m'mabuku ofiira a madera komwe akukhalamo, ndipo mu 2001 idalipo kale mu Red Book of Russia. Chifukwa chake, kuwedza kwa mafakitale ndi amateur amtunduwu ndizoletsedwa kwathunthu kumadera apakati komanso kumwera kwa Siberia.

Chiwerengero chochepa cha asodzi ake amaloledwa kumadera akumpoto, komwe amapangidwa mwaukadaulo ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito asodzi omwe alandila laisensi.

Mtengo wa nsomba ndikugwiritsa ntchito

Nelma ndi mtundu wamalonda wofunika kwambiri ndipo uli ndi nyama yapamwamba kwambiri. 100 g nsomba zili ndi 160 kcal. Popanga zinthu zazikuluzikulu mapuloteni ndi mafuta okhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe a polyunsaturated. Zotsirizazi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa thupi - zimasinthasintha metabolidi ya metabolidi, zimachotsa cholesterol "yoyipa", motero, zimathandizira kupewa matenda amtima komanso kupewa kupangika kwa cholesterol plaques.

Komanso mu kapangidwe kameneka pali vitamini D yosungunuka, yofunikira kuti imalowe calcium, ndikusowa kwa vitamini yokhala ndi chiwopsezo chakukula kwa ricores. Anthu achilengedwe aku Far North omwe alibe radiation ya ultraviolet, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba, amapanga kuchepa kwa vitamini D m'thupi.

Mwa michere, mumapezeka chlorine, sulfure ndi fluorine. Komanso kupezekanso - zinc, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, kuchokera ku mavitamini - nikotini acid kapena vitamini PP.

P kuphika, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi chithandizo chokwanira cha kutentha. Kudya zakudya zaku Japan, momwe nthawi zambiri chimodzi mwaziphatikizazo ndi nsomba zatsopano, sizotetezeka kuumoyo. Izi ndichifukwa choti nelma imadwala helminth - nthiti yotakata yomwe imatha kukhazikika m'matumbo amunthu ndi nanophytosis - zozungulira zomwe zimakonda kukhazikika m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Zotsirizazi zimayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali ndikutayika kwamadzi ndi michere yambiri. Mphutsi za roundworms zimatha kupangitsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba.

Nelma amakoma mu yokazinga, yophika, yophika, yosuta. Msuzi wa nsomba ndi zonona umayenda bwino.

Kukula ndi kuswana

Kuti achulukitse anthu, amayesa kubereka nelma mwaluso. Koma pakadali pano, akatswiri sanachite bwino, chifukwa mwachangu ambiri amapita mu ukapolo. Mpaka pano, palibe ukadaulo uliwonse wokulima nsomba zamtunduwu m'malo opanga zinthu.

M'zaka za zana la 20, asayansi adapanga malingaliro olimbikitsa kukula kwa nelma, koma ana adakula m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe okhala ndi poyambira mwachilengedwe. Pambuyo pake, kale mu 2009-2010, panali kuyesa kuyambiranso ntchito, koma anali kuyesera mwachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chake, kutetezedwa kwa malo owerengeka ndi malo okhala ndi nelma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tisunge anthu ake.

Nelma ndi fanizoli lofunika pakuswana ndi kusodza, limangokhala m'malo osungira oyera, chifukwa salola kuipitsa. Nsombazo ndizokoma kwambiri, ndipo asodzi owona amene amakonda kuvuta ndi kutchova juga adzakondwera mosawerengeka chifukwa cha njirayi.

Momwe mungaphikire nelma

Mu funso momwe kuphika nelma, ndikofunikira kuganizira zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nyama ya gourmet. Popanda kuchitira kutentha kokwanira ndi chinsomba, nthiti yonse imatha kulowa m'thupi la munthu. Izi nyongolotsi amatalika kutalika 12 metres.

Mu nyama ya nelma, nanophyteosis imathanso kubisika. Izi ndi zozungulira, osati nthomba. Nanophyteosis imakhazikika m'matumbo aang'ono, ndikupangitsa kutsekula m'mimba. Mphutsi za Roundworm zimatchedwa anisahides.

Nelma nsomba zokoma kwambiri

Amayambitsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupewa, mwachitsanzo, sushi ndi nelma. Kuphika kumaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa nyama. Nelma mu maphikidwe kubetcha, ngati muyenera kukhutitsa mbale ndi timadziti. Pakuphika, mafuta amasungunuka kuchokera ku nsomba yoyera.

Nelma amathiridwa mchere, wophika, wokazinga, wowonjezeredwa supu. Mu mtundu wotsiriza, kuphatikiza msuzi ndi zonona ndikofunikira. Popeza adawonjezera ndi mafuta ophika, amayiwo amabweretsa mbaleyo pamalo odyera. Ndimu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukongoletsa msuzi wa nsomba wa nelma, koma zest ziyenera kudulidwa kuti msuzi usayambe kuwawa.

Kodi nsomba imawoneka bwanji

Zokhudza banja la nsomba, koma nyanjayi ndi yoyera, osati yofiyira. Mitsinje monga Yenisei, Irtysh, Ob ndi Lena ndi ogwidwa kwambiri, chifukwa nsombazo ndizosatheka ndipo zimasamukira kumeneko kuti zimatulukire. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zamchere, mulibe malo owoneka amdima.

Mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a nsomba za nelm:

• Makulidwe nthawi zambiri samapitilira mita imodzi ndi theka
• Sikelo zazikulu zasiliva
• Thupi lopindika, lathyathyathya mmbali mwake
• Nsagwada yapansi imatalikirana kwambiri kuposa kumtunda
• Kukhalapo kwamafuta

Kukula mwachangu, chiyembekezo chamoyo ndi zaka 20. Akazi ndi amuna ndi osiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake, mtundu wa mating sukutchulidwanso. Amawonetsedwa makamaka mwa abambo mawonekedwe a zophuka zaubini pa thupi ndi pamutu.

Zosiyanasiyana

Ma subspecies awiri amadziwika pamalo omwe akukhalako: nsomba yoyera yoyera, yomwe ili mu Nyanja ya Caspian, ndi nelma yeniyeni, yomwe imakhala m'madzi ozizira a pakamwa pa mitsinje yakumpoto.

Woyamba amakonda kutentha madzi ndipo amakhala wocheperako, ngakhale mawonekedwewo amafanana. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mita 1.3, ndipo ndi kulemera pafupifupi 20 kilogalamu.

Zakudya

Momwe nsomba yelma imawonekera, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti ndiwotsala zana limodzi. Nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse ndizoyenera kusaka (smelt, vendace, etc.). Kusunthira kumera, panjira yake kumawononga zigawo zazikulu za masukulu a zinthu zazing'onoting'ono, kuziwongolera mothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi kudya.

Sichinyalanyaza mphutsi, tizilombo, crustaceans. Fry kale wa mwezi umodzi amakonda kusangalala ndi nsomba zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi yofalikira

White caviar yoyera ndi yaying'ono komanso yambiri. Nthawi, imataya mazira pafupifupi 150 mpaka 400. Amasankha mosamala malo oponyera, madzi oyera okha abwino ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 5 Celsius ndikofunikira.

Madzi osaya, amayenda panjira yokhayo. Kusunthika kwakukulu kwambiri kumachitika m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya chilimwe.

Zindikirani!

Zosiyanasiyana

Ma subspecies awiri amadziwika pamalo omwe akukhalako: nsomba yoyera yoyera, yomwe ili mu Nyanja ya Caspian, ndi nelma yeniyeni, yomwe imakhala m'madzi ozizira a pakamwa pa mitsinje yakumpoto.

Woyamba amakonda kutentha madzi ndipo amakhala wocheperako, ngakhale mawonekedwewo amafanana. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mita 1.3, ndipo ndi kulemera pafupifupi 20 kilogalamu.

Zakudya

Momwe nsomba yelma imawonekera, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti ndiwotsala zana limodzi. Nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse ndizoyenera kusaka (smelt, vendace, etc.). Kusunthira kutumphuka, panjira yake imawononga masukulu akulu a zinthu zazing'onoting'ono, ndikuzizwitsani mothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndikudya.

Sichinyalanyaza mphutsi, tizilombo, crustaceans. Fry kale wa mwezi umodzi amakonda kusangalala ndi nsomba zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi yofalikira

White caviar yoyera ndi yaying'ono komanso yambiri. Nthawi imataya mazira pafupifupi 150 mpaka 400. Amasankha mosamala malo oponyera, madzi oyera okha abwino ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 5 Celsius ndikofunikira.

Madzi osaya, amayenda panjira yokhayo. Kusunthika kwakukulu kwambiri kumachitika m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya chilimwe.

Zindikirani!

Mu chithunzichi, nsomba za nelma zimawoneka zosangalatsa, ndipo nthawi yofananira ndiyofunikira kuti ana awonekere. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti sichimangoyambika pakhungu lokwanira - mazira amatha mkati mwa miyala yayikulu. Patatha masiku 250 kutaya ana.

Kudya ngati chakudya

Ganizirani zabwino ndi zovuta za nsomba nelma. Pali maphikidwe ambiri mdziko lapansi ogwiritsira ntchito zakudya:

• Yokazinga mikate ndi masamba
• Njira yoyamba (khutu)
• Yophika mbatata

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa tiziromboti, timaloledwa kuigwiritsa ntchito yaiwisi, yomwe imadziwika ndi zakudya zakum'mawa. Nyama yathanzi komanso yopatsa thanzi imakhala ndi mapuloteni, mavitamini A, E, PP, B, komanso phosphorous, calcium, zinc, iron, selenium.

Iyenera kukhala chakudya chabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chakudya, popeza chimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa. Zowonongeka ndizosatheka, koma muyenera kukhala osamala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chokha. Pankhaniyi, sizikudziwika nthawi zonse kuti amadyetsedwa bwanji ndi komwe adasungidwa.

Zikuti

Nelma nsomba ndi amtundu "wakumpoto". Nthawi zambiri amakhala:

• madera otsika a mitsinje yamadzi ozizira a Siberia ndi Far East (Yenisei, Ob, Lena, Irtysh, etc.),
• m'madziwe akunyanja
• m'malo opasuka am'nyanja yakumpoto.

M'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja momwe ma nelma amapezeka, mchere siupita 20 ppm. Nsomba zodziwirira kumapita, ndikugonjetsa mitsinje. Imayandikira pansi, imapewa madzi apansi ndi madzi osaya.

Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya nelma, yosiyanitsidwa ndi malo awo okhala, imadziwika: whitefish (m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Caspian) ndi nelma yeniyeni (mitsinje yokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono komwe kumalowa mu Arctic Ocean).

Kunja kwa gawo la Russia, nelma amakhalanso kumpoto kwa USA ndi Canada. Madzi aliwonse okhala ndi madzi oyera pansi pazungulira polar - malo oyenera kukhalamo amtunduwu.

Zopindulitsa thupi

Nelma fillet ndi mafuta, imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso ma amino acid ofunikira ku thupi la munthu. Kuphatikiza pazakudya, ndizopezekanso pazinthu zofunikira za kufufuza ndi mavitamini, kuphatikizapo:

• phosphorous
• potaziyamu
• calcium
• selenium
• magnesium
• sodium
• ayodini
• Mavitamini a gulu la B (B6, B9, B12), E, ​​PP, etc.

Zopatsa kalori 100 g za malonda - 160 zopatsa mphamvu. Fillet imasunthika mosavuta komanso mwachangu ndi thupi. Chifukwa amaloledwa kulowa muzakudya za anthu achikulire kapena omwe achira.

Chitetezo

Nsomba zonse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za nsomba zimatetezedwa ndi boma, chifukwa chake, kuwedza kwa nelma ndizoletsedwa kumadera onse akumwera ndi pakati pa Siberia. Chosiyana ndi chakumpoto kwa Siberia, komwe mabizinesi amodzi amagwira ntchito modzigulitsa kenako ndikugulitsidwa ku dziko lonselo. Koma nthawi zambiri asodzi amateur amagwira nsomba za elma kugwira nsomba zina. Ndizovuta kugwira nelma kum'mwera kwa Siberia ndi zida zamasewera - chidwi chake sichikhala chokwanira kwambiri, monga, m'malo omwe amakhala kosatha, mwachitsanzo, ku Ob delta. M'malo amenewo kusodza kwa nelma ndikololedwa ndipo kumatha kugwiridwa bwino pamenepo pogwiritsa ntchito kupota.

Tsoka ilo, masiku aposachedwa m'mitsinje ya Siberia ndi North Ural yakhala yocheperako kuposa kale, ndipo osalemba milandu okha ndi omwe ayenera kutsutsidwa, ngakhale atapereka gawo lalikulu: amagwira nelma kwambiri komanso mosagwirizana, ndipo zimavuta kuvuta - malo komwe mungathe kutetezedwa bwino, palibe ambiri omwe atsalira. Malo opangira magetsi ochulukirapo ambiri adamangidwa pamitsinje ya Siberia, ndipo anthu amafunika magetsi ochulukirapo - malo opitilira theka la malo osungiramo nsomba atadulidwa, ndipo m'malo otsalawo madzi akhala opanda uve, koma ma nema salma - ngati madzi oyera okha. Inde, amayesa kubereka mwakapangidwe, koma mpaka pano sizikuyenda bwino: nelm fry amapulumuka bwino ali mu ukapolo. Koma nsomba iyi ndi yamitundu yamtengo wapatali yamalonda, ndipo imatetezedwa mwamphamvu: ndizoletsedwa kuyigwira ku Russia - makamaka chifukwa yayamba kubereka kwambiri, ndipo kudera limodzi lokha - kumpoto kwa Siberia - amisiri asodzi amagwira ntchito mwalamulo. Kugwidwa kwa nelma m'madera ena kumatheka kokha chifukwa cha kugwira nsomba, ikalowa mu ukonde limodzi ndi nsomba zina.

Ndizotheka kuti posachedwa zinthu zasintha kukhala zabwino, chifukwa nyama yam'madziyi imadziwika ndi kusakhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa nelma kukhala chinthu chodalitsika pakugulitsa nsomba.

Kusankha ndodo

Ngati tizingolankhula za kupota, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zamphamvu. Popeza nelma sikana kwambiri, ngakhale kung'ambika pang'ono sikungawonongeke mukasewera. Ingoyigwirani. Koma, zowona, muyenera kuganizira za kulemera kwa zomwe mumagwira. Ngati iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu chikumbutso, ndiye kuti gulu la ndodo likhala lalikulu.

Popeza simungathe kupita kukapeza nsomba iliyonse nthawi iliyonse, kukonzekera mosamala ndikofunikira, muyenera kutenga ndodo zingapo. Kuwala kumodzi komwe kumayesedwa ndi kuyesa kwa magalamu 7-14, sing'anga imodzi imayesa magalamu 10-25 ndi amphamvu - kuyesa mpaka magalamu 60. Kutalika kuyeneranso kukhala kosiyana. Kotero kuti kukhala ndi ndodo zingapo zopindika ndizofunikira. Kupatula apo, malowa siotchuka kwambiri, kuwedza kumachitika m'malo osungira osafunikira, muyenera kukhala okonzeka mokwanira.

Njira yachiwiri yophika

Kuphika nsomba zoyera kumatha kukhala kosavuta, mwachangu komanso popanda frills. Mwachitsanzo, nayi Chinsinsi.

- nsomba zolemera kuposa kilogalamu (ma kilogalamu mazana awiri kapena mazana atatu),

- kvass - magalasi amodzi ndi theka,

- nkhaka kununkhira - magalasi amodzi ndi theka,

- Magalamu 250 a bowa.

- 100 magalamu a batala.

Nsomba zolemera kuposa kilogalamu (ma kilogalamu mazana awiri kapena ma kilogalamu mazana atatu), - kvass - makapu amodzi ndi theka, - nkhaka nkhaka - makapu amodzi ndi theka, - magalamu 250 a bowa wowuma, - magalamu 100 a batala.

Malangizo

Monga ma nozzles amagwiritsa ntchito zosankha zingapo, kwa kukoma kwa asodzi, monga:

• tingachipeze powerenga siliva wopopera
• akayenda
• omasulira.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutenga ma spinner a sing'anga kukula, popeza nelma ili ndi kamwa yaying'ono, koma imagwira nyama kudutsa thupi.

Uphungu! Kusiyana kwa nsomba izi ndikuti nyambo ndi zomwe zimaphatikizika - mphete, swivels, etc. - ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, koma zolimba kwambiri.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonza nyambo pa leash, chifukwa m'malo mwa nelma imatha kugwiridwa ndi pike, yodziwika ndi njira yolira.

Mchere

Nsomba zoyera zoyera zokhazokha zimatha kuthiridwa patebulo la mkate pamtanda wa mkate wakuda ndi batala - mbaleyo imawoneka yochititsa chidwi. Koma nsomba zamchere zomwe zimasungidwa m'sitolo zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Ndikophweka kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo kuphika kukhitchini yanu.

Momwe mungatolere nsomba yoyera? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:

• Mtembo umodzi wam'madzi (m'matumbo, m'miyendo, zipsepse ndi mutu).
• 5-7 nandolo ya tsabola wakuda.
• Mchere kapena zonunkhira zopangidwa ndi zokometsera zakumwa mchere wa nsomba.
• Masamba awiri oyenda.

Tsegulani nyamayo ndi kuipaka ndi mchere. Akazi odziwa bwino nyumba amadziwa kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umasakanizidwa ndi diso. Wina ngati nsombayo ndi wamchere wambiri, wina amakonda mchere. Zitatha izi, nsomba yoyera iyenera kukonkhedwa ndi tsabola wakuda. Mkati mwa mtembo timayika masamba a bay ndi zipatso za tsabola. Timayika nsombazo mumtsuko waukulu. Sankhani chivindikiro chaching'ono ndikuyika pamwamba. Muyeneranso kukhazikitsa kuponderezana pa thanki.

Maola angapo, chidebe cha nsomba chili kukhitchini (yotentha), ndikutsukidwa kwa firiji kwa maola 6 mpaka 6. Ndikwabwino mchere nsomba zoyera usiku, ndiye m'mawa mumakhala ndi nsomba yamchere yopangidwa ndi zonunkhira bwino pa tebulo lanu.

Whitefish yophika ndi msuzi wowawasa zonona ndi adyo wokhala ndi tsamba la kabichi

Mu Chinsinsi ichi, nsomba zoyera, mwa njira, zitha kusinthidwa ndi nsomba iliyonse ndi nyama yoyera yamafuta, koma ndibwino, ndithudi, kusunga zoyambira zoyambira.

Ma seva awiri azigwiritsidwe:

• chidutswa choyera chaching'ono, pafupifupi magalamu 400,
• masamba akulu kabichi yoyera - zidutswa 4,
• 200 magalamu a mafuta wowawasa (21%) wowawasa,
• 2 zovala zapakati pa adyo,
• katsabola pang'ono, magalamu 50,
• theka la kachilombo kakakulu ngati nkhonya,
• Supuni ziwiri za caviar wofiira,
• mchere ndi tsabola kulawa komanso kusankha.

Maphikidwe ophika

Ngakhale kuti nsomba zaletsedwa, palibe amene akutetezeka mwangozi. Mukatulutsira madziwo m'madzi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kuvulala komwe kumachitika mukataya kapena kuluma. Palibe chomwe chatsala koma kudziwa maphikidwe ophika nsomba zoyera.

Nyama ya nsomba ndi yokoma kwambiri komanso yathanzi, imodzi mwa mbale zomwe zimatha kukonzedwa.

Chinsinsi chilichonse chotsatira

• nsomba (mutu, mchira, zipsepse, mafupa) 0,5 kg
• 6 mbatata zazing'ono
• anyezi 2govki ang'ono
• 1 karoti
• 7 nandolo ya tsabola wokometsera, tsamba la 3 Bay ma PC
• mulu wazinyalala
• mchere kulawa

1. Timatsuka nsomba kuchokera pasikelo, kumatinya, timalekanitsa mutu, mchira, kudula filimu. Kuchokera ku nsomba zam'madzi ndizambiri zabwino kwambiri.
2. Timachotsa zozungulira m'mutu, kuyika mutu, mchira, mafupa mumphika wakuya.
3. Dzazani ndi malita atatu amadzi ozizira, mchere ndikuyika simmer pa moto wochepa mpaka thovu litawonekera.
4. Chotsani chithovu, ikani tsabola wokometsera, lavrushka, anyezi umodzi, kuphika kwa mphindi 30.
5. Timatenga zowonjezera kuchokera ku msuzi, mutha kupanikizana ndi sieve ndikuyika anyezi wosweka, mbatata zokometsera ndi kaloti. Kuphika moto wochepa pansi pa chivindikiro kwa mphindi 20.
6. Kutsukidwa bwino ndi amadyera osenda bwino, azikongoletsa msuzi womwe unathiridwa m'migawo.

Yophika Whitefish

Nsomba yophika kapena yogula imatha kuphikidwa mu zojambulazo pogwiritsa ntchito uvuni kapena makala amoto, nthawi yophika ndi ola limodzi ndi ola limodzi ndi mphindi 10. 86 kcal pa 100 gr. Mwanjira imeneyi, nsomba ndizokoma kwambiri.

• nyama 850 gr
• chipatso cha ndimu
• adyo 2 cloves
• anyezi 2 ma PC. (kukula pa amateur)
• mafuta a maolivi 3 tbsp. malo ogona (amatha kusinthidwa ndi masamba)
• phwetekere, tsabola belu 1 pc.
• karoti wapakati 2
• nsomba zokometsera
• uzitsine mchere, makamaka nyanja.
• amadyera (parsley kapena katsabola)

Kuphika ndikofunikira

1. Oyera, m'matumbo, nadzatsuka ndi kupukuta pang'ono ndi thaulo.
2. Dulani ndimuyo mbali ziwiri ndikufinya imodzi kapu. Kuphatikiza adyo wosakaniza, onjezani adyo ku msuzi, uzipereka mchere ndi zokometsera. Sakanizani bwino komanso mowolowa manja pophika msanganizo ndi nsomba, kusiya kumayenda kwa mphindi 30.
3. Sambani kaloti ndi kusenda, nadula mozungulira, anyezi, kotala ya mphete, udzu wa tsabola. Wotani poto wokazinga ndi mafuta ndi masamba a soseji. Onjezani zinthu zothira mchere ndi mchere.
4. Dulani phwetekere ndi theka ndimu mu mphete.
5. Pansi pa mbaleyo, ikani mbale yophika ndi chopondera pakati pa pepala la zojambulazo zokwanira kulunga nsomba. Mafuta ndi mafuta.
6. Pangani mabala angapo mbali imodzi ya mtembo wochotsa ndi anyezi ndi phwetekere. Ikani chotsekeracho papepala lophika ndi mbali yonse. Mangani pamimba, mukusinthana ndi magawo a phwetekere ndi mandimu. Ikani masamba obiriwira pamwamba. Ikani ndimu ndi tomato otsalira paminyezo.
7. Finyani zamasamba zotsukidwa ndi zosefera pamwamba pa nsomba. Pukuta m'mbali mwa pepalalo, kutseka mtembo ndikuyika kuphika mu uvuni kapena makala, kwa mphindi pafupifupi 30. Onetsetsani kuti kulibe moto waukulu.

Kusintha kwa zochita

Yeretsani nsomba pakhungu, tulutsani mafupa ndi zotupa. Kenako tiduleni pakati mpaka kumapeto ndi kufutukula, ngati buku, kumbuyo kwake kuli. Pepala lophika liyenera kudzoza ndi mafuta osalala ndikuyika nsomba. Preheat uvuni mpaka madigiri 180-200 Celsius ndikuyika nsomba yoyera pamenepo.

Zakudya zimaphikidwa kufikira kutumphuka wagolide kuoneka. Mutha kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera ndi dzino lopaka mano - nyama iyenera kukhala yowutsa mudyo, koma yophika kale. Ndiye kutsanulira brine ndi kvass pa pepala kuphika, kufalitsa bowa yozungulira pamwamba pa nsomba ndikuphika pansi pa chivindikiro mpaka kuphika. Imeneyo ndi mphindi zina 10-15.

Asanayambe, ndizovomerezeka kukongoletsa mbale ndi zitsamba ndi bowa, kutsanulira pa kvass ndi msuzi wa brine. Mutha kuyesa fomu yotumikirayo, mwachitsanzo, mu mbale yakuya. Bon Appetit!

Yeretsani nsomba pakhungu, tulutsani mafupa ndi zotupa. Kenako tiduleni pakati mpaka kumapeto ndi kufutukula, ngati buku, kumbuyo kwake kuli. Pepala lophika liyenera kudzoza ndi mafuta osalala ndikuyika nsomba. Preheat uvuni mpaka madigiri 180-200 Celsius ndikuyika nsomba yoyera pamenepo.

Zakudya zimaphikidwa kufikira kutumphuka wagolide kuoneka. Mutha kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera ndi dzino lopaka mano - nyama iyenera kukhala yowutsa mudyo, koma yophika kale. Ndiye kutsanulira brine ndi kvass pa pepala kuphika, kufalitsa bowa yozungulira pamwamba pa nsomba ndikuphika pansi pa chivindikiro mpaka kuphika. Imeneyo ndi mphindi zina 10-15.

• Chotsutsana chachikulu pakudya nelma ndicho chifuwa zamtundu wamitundu iyi kapena nsomba zam'madzi zambiri.
• Ndi phindu losakayikitsa la malonda, musamagwiritse ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwam'mimba, kapamba ndi chiwindi.
• Popeza nelma ndi nsomba yolusa, imatha kudzikundikira yokha kuchuluka kwachisoni. Mukamakula, mumatha kukhala ndi mankhwala enaake. Chifukwa chake, pogula, muyenera kusankha zokonda zazing'ono, zazing'ono.
• Magemoni apamwamba a nelma ndi owopsa komanso owopsa. azimayi oyembekezera. Mercury imayambitsa kusokonekera kwa fetal. M'mayiko ena, azimayi oyembekezera saloledwa kudya nsomba zodya nyama, monga nsomba, mwachitsanzo. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, ndibwino kupatsa chidwi ndi anthu omwe sanachite ziwopsezo: hering'i, malovu, pollock.
• Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa kupsa ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Nsomba yabwino, yatsopano imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, apinki kapena ofiira, zipse zolimba zoyandikana ndi thupi. Masikelo ndi owala komanso osalala, popanda kusintha kwa mitundu. Nsomba sizitulutsa fungo loipa.

Zomwe zimadya

Wotsogolera mtheradi. Chimadya pafupifupi chilichonse, kuphatikiza abale awo ang'ono. Pazomwe zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zoyera, komanso kusungunuka, mavenda, ndi zina. Ngakhale mwachangu nsomba izi, wazaka chimodzi, amadya kale nsomba zazing'ono za nsomba zina, mwachitsanzo, muksun. M'mitsinje, imatha kudya chakudya chama protein - crustaceans, shrimp, tizilombo ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Osangokhala maolloll okha. Samatenga nyama kuchokera pansi.

Amakhala ndikusaka nkhosazo, ndipo amagwira nkhosani ngati gulu limodzi - iye amawombera ndi kuwononga mchira kenako nkunyamula. Nthawi zambiri amasaka ang'onoting'ono pafupi ndi rapid, pomwe nsomba zazing'ono zimakonda kukhazikika.

Nthawi yayikulu yodyetsa ndi m'mawa ndi madzulo, pomwe m'mawa, nelma amakhala otakataka. Amawononga ana ambiri a nsomba zina, kuphatikiza cyprinids ndi ma perche.

Khalidwe la nyengo

Palibe zosiyana machitidwe a achichepere - kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 5 - nelma, imakhala munyanja, m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zina osafikira pakamwa pa mitsinje. Kufikira kutha msinkhu - amuna chaka chathachi kuposa akazi - nsomba zoyera zamtunduwu zimathamangira m'mitsinje madzi oundana akayamba. M'nyengo yotentha komanso nthawi yachilimwe, amasuntha m'minda kupita kumizinda, masukulu pawokha atagawidwa posaka chakudya ndikulowa m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi m'madzi osefukira. Zimayamba kumera mu Seputembala, kenako kumakhalabe nthawi yozizira mumtsinje mpaka chilimwe chotsatira, pang'onopang'ono kubwerera kunyanja.