Tonsefe muubwana timafuna kukhala ndi parrot ngati chiweto. Nanga bwanji? Mbalamezi zimatha kupatsa chisangalalo, ndikusintha momwe zimakhalira. Chovala chawo chowala, nthabwala ndi nthano zoseketsa zimagwira.
Mawayilesi, macaw, mkanda ndi zovala zachikondi - ma parroti onsewa amaphatikizidwa chifukwa chakuti ndi amtambo. Mutha kuyamikira kukongola kwa mbalame zoterezi poyang'ana chithunzi cha parrot wabuluu zoperekedwa pansipa.
Gulani parrot wabuluu lero si vuto. Pali malo okwanira oti mungapeze mnzanu wokhala ndi tsitsi: mashopu a ziweto, msika wa mbalame, malo okulera ndi ogulitsa achinsinsi. Koma choyamba muyenera kusankha mawonekedwe a buluu wabuluu, popeza mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimasowa malo osiyanasiyana okhala komanso zakudya zawo nazonso ndizosiyana pang'ono.
Hyacinth macaw ndi chachikulu paroti wabuluu. Monga lamulo, mbalame zotere zimasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama, osati kunyumba. Mbalame yotere imafuna malo ambiri kuti ikule bwino, chifukwa chake imasungidwa m'khola, osati khola wamba. Blue Macaw Parrot ali ndi mlomo wolimba ndi mawu okweza, kotero si aliyense amene angasangalale ndi mnansi wofuula wotere.
Zojambula parrot hyacinth macaw
Chosemphana kwathunthu ndimtundu wamtambo wabuluu ndi mbalame zotchinga pakhosi. Ndiwosangalatsa komanso ochepera. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti kusamalira mbalame zotere sikubweretsa mavuto ambiri. Adazolowera chakudya chilichonse, safuna malo ambiri. Chachikulu ndichakuti m'zinthu zawo muli zoseweretsa, ziboda, galasi, madzi oyera ndi mpweya wabwino.
Chithunzicho ndi parrot ya pakhosi lamtambo
Zovala zachikondi zimabweranso ndimitundu yambiri. Ziweto zokhala ndi mbewa zoterezi, ngakhale zazing'ono kukula kwa 10-17 masentimita, koma "malo okhala" omwe akukhalapo amafunika malo ambiri. Amafuna khola lalikulu kuti athe kuthawa nthawi zonse, apo ayi amatha kunenepa kwambiri.
Zithunzi zobiriwira za buluu
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri pokonza nyumba buluu wabuluu. Izi ndi zabwino ngati mukufuna kugula mbalame yosakhazikika ndikuphunzitsani kuyankhula.
Ndi ma budgerigars omwe ndi abwino kusunga malo amatauni. Amakonda kumvera mbuye wawo, ndipo pakupita nthawi, amakhala okonzeka kupitiliza kucheza naye.
Zinthu ndi malo okhala parrot wabuluu
Mu chilengedwe ma parroti abuluu amakhala kumayiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zachikondi zimakhala ku Africa, South America ndi Madagascar. Nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso zam'madera otentha - awa ndi malo akuluakulu a chisacho chawo.
Ma macac a Hyacinth amapezeka ku Brazil ndi Bolivia. Ziweto zambiri zotere zimakhazikika m'malo momwe muli madambo ndi mitengo ya mgwalangwa. Malo okhala khosi la parrot limakhala ku Africa, Asia, chilumba cha Madagascar ndi Indochina. Podzisunga izi mbalame zotchedwa buluu sankhani nkhalango zamvula, minda ndi minda.
Mu chithunzicho phukusi la wavy wa buluu
Makhalidwe ndi moyo wa parrot wabuluu
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe mu ukapolo, ndikofunikira kuganizira zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo komanso moyo wawo. Ma macaw abuluu salekerera kuzizira, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa nyumbayo kumachokera +10 0 C.
Ndiwo okonda kwambiri kusambira. Kutalika kwa mbalamezi ndizodabwitsa. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 1 m, ndipo zimphona izi zimalemera kopitilira 1.7 kg. Magawo oterewa amabweretsa zovuta pakusunga mbalame zamtundu kunyumba, makamaka zimasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama. Mawu a mfumuyi a mbalameyi ndi akuthwa kwambiri. Kulira kwa Ara kumamveka pamtunda wa 1.5 km.
Zovala zachikondi za chilengedwe zimakhala m'matumba a mapiri ndi mapiri. Amakhala usiku wonse pamitengo. Ngati gulu lina laganiza zowuluka mumtengowu, sizingachite popanda kumenya nkhondo.
Parrots amakonzekeretsa zisa zawo m'maenje, pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi, tsamba la udzu ndi khungwa ngati zida zomangira. Pali lingaliro za mbalame zotchedwa buluu zamtunduwu kuti amasankha banja kwamoyo ndikufa pafupifupi limodzi.
M'malo mwake, momwe zinthu zilili mosiyana. Wina mnzake akamwalira, wokondayo mwachangu amadzifunira mnzake, chifukwa sangasungulumwe. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zoterezi zimasunthana. Amakanikizidwa amodzi, akumata nthenga za osankhidwa.
Budgerigars ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndi 20 cm, ndipo zinyenyeswazizo zimalemera magalamu 45. Zazikulu pang'ono kuposa mpheta. Koma ndi kukula kocheperako, amatha kuyambiranso nyumbayo ndi kulira kosangalatsa.
Kudya Parrot wa Blue
Zakudya mbalame zotchedwa buluu ziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri komanso zochepa m'mapuloteni. Muyenera kuwadyetsa kangapo patsiku. Nthawi yakuswana, onjezani uchi, chipolopolo kapena zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium, mavitamini D ndi B pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Menyu yayikulu iyenera kukhala ndi masamba, zipatso (maapulo, mapeyala), mphukira zamitengo, dandelion, mbewu, mtedza, plantain, sipinachi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata, mutha kupatsa phala la mpunga, oatmeal, tirigu ndi barele.
Iwo omwe safuna "kuvutitsa" ndi zakudya za chiweto chokhala ndi tsitsi lomwe akupita amatha kupita kumalo ogulitsira ziweto. Tsopano pogulitsa zakudya zamitundu mitundu mitundu. Kuphatikizika kwawo kumasankhidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziphangala.
Kubalanso komanso moyo wautali wa parrot wabuluu
Budgerigars mu ukapolo ndi chilengedwe chilengedwe chimaberekanso bwino. Munthawi ya moyo wawo, mbalamezi sizifunikira kutuluka m'khola, popeza njirayi imatha kupitilira kwa miyezi ingapo.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa mabuluku imakhala mpaka kumapeto kwake komveka, kutanthauza kuti, wamwamuna amakwaniritsa mazira onse achikazi. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ukazi mwa mkazi ndi bulu wosakhwima, kulemera kwake, dzira silhouette ikutsikira.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 5-10. Wamkazi yekha ndi amene amaziyambitsa, ndipo yamphongo imasamalira mayi wa ana ake amtsogolo. Pakatha masiku 15-20, anapiye a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhanira amayamba kuwapeza. Nthawi yamoyo ya mbalamezi ndi zaka 15.
Ara amasankha wokwatirana naye moyo. Amatha kukhwima pokhapokha pazaka 6 za moyo. Masewera a mating amakhala ndi kangapo patsiku. Patatha mwezi umodzi, wamkazi amapanga dzira limodzi. Adzayikira dzira lachiwiri atatha masiku awiri. Mazira a Macaw kuwaswa kwa masiku 27-30. Mwa mazira awiri, amodzi okha ndi umuna. Ma parapoti a Macaw amakhala pafupifupi zaka 15-18.
Maubweya wachikondi amakula mokwanira kuti mwana akhale wazaka 1, ndipo kuthekera kumapitilira kwa zaka zina 3-4. Pamapeto pa nyengoyi, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kubereka konse, kapena ana amphongo ofooka osagwira ntchito.
Mukumana ndi mazira awa a mini-budgies 4-8 mazira. Wamkazi amadzimangira pawokha, popanda abambo. Ana amatenga pakatha masabata atatu ndipo atatha masiku 42-56 amatha kuchoka chisa.
Ngakhale kuti anapiyewo adatuluka mchisa, makolo amasamalirabe chakudya. Maubweya wachikondi amatha kubereka ana kanayi pachaka. Ngati kubereka kumachitika mu ukapolo, ndibwino kuti muchotsepo nyumba yochezerayo m'khola mutabadwa ana a 2-3.
Makolo akumtsogolo ayenera kupumula ndikukhala olimba. Kupanda kutero, kuswana kungayambitse kutopa kapena matenda a mbalame. Zovala zachikondi zimakhala zaka 15-20.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe
Budgerigars ndi mbalame zomwe zimagawidwa ngati parakeet, banja la mbalame zotchedwa parrots. Amawoneka okulirapo kuposa momwe aliri, chifukwa cha nthenga zazitali za mchira. Thupi limafika kutalika kwa 17 - 19 cm zokha, ndipo kulemera kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa magalamu 45. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mapiko ataliitali, owongoka, khosi losunthika, miyendo yopyapyala, komanso mulomo wokhota.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mabungwe:
- Mapiko. Kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 10. Mbalame zimawagwiritsa ntchito pothawa. Sangawadalire pomwe amakhala kapena akuyenda. Mawayilesi amawuluka mwachangu, m'njira yodutsa. Pothawira kunja, akufanana ndi akumeza. Kugwetsa pansi kapena nthambi, mbalamezo zimapinda mapiko awo kumbuyo kwawo.
- Mchira. Pogwirizana ndi thupi, ndizotalikirapo, limakula mpaka masentimita 10. Mwa achichepere, michira ndi yochepa ndikukula akamakula.
- Nyali. Mwendo uliwonse uli ndi zala zinayi zokhotakhota: mbali imodzi ikuyang'ana kutsogolo, winayo akuyang'ana kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha nyumbayi, mbalame zimagwira mosavuta chakudya ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso zimakwera nthambi kapena mitengo.
- Maso amphaka a budgerigar ali pomwepo kuti amalola kuti munthu athe kuwona mbali ziwiri. Mbalame imawona dziko lapansi.
- Mlomo ndi wolimba, wopindika. Ndi chithandizo chake, omwe ali ndi minyewa amatenga chakudya, chimakhazikitsidwa panthambi, mtedza wamiyendo, zipatso. Ngati ndi kotheka, mudziteteze kwa adani. Pamwamba pa mulomo pali sera ndi mphuno. Pofotokozera budgerigar, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi utoto wa sera. Mwa mthunzi, mutha kudziwa mtundu wa mbalameyo.
- Mtundu. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa maula ndi obiriwira wa emerald. Ndi mthunziwu womwe umathandizira kuti mbalamezo zizibisala masamba. Kutsogolo kwa mutu ndi mmero ndi chikaso chowala. Pa ndevu kumbali iliyonse pali malo ang'onoang'ono akuda.
Kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo mumatha kuwona mawonekedwe. Mwana akamakula mbalameyo, njira yake imayamba. Muukapolo mumakhala zotsimikizika za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zopezeka pantchito yosankha:
Budgies zachilengedwe
Kwa zaka mazana awiri, akatswiri azachilengedwe aphunzira zonse za mabulange: komwe mbalame zazing'onozi zimakhala, zimadya chiyani, moyo wawo ndi wotani? Kuthengo, mutha kupeza ziweto zambiri, zambirimbiri kapena zingapo. Mbalame zimasamukira mkati mopitilira, zimawuluka mtunda wautali, kufunafuna chakudya ndi madzi.
Momwe mabwanawe amafikira ku Europe
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbalamezi zidachoka ku Australia ndipo zidapezeka ku Old World mu 1840. Ena mwa iwo adayamba kukhala zozungulira ku London.
Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, chidziwitso cha mbalame zotchedwa parrots chinafalikira kupitilira Australia, ndipo mbalame zinayamba kutumizidwa m'sitima ku Europe mokulira, popeza kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumakulirakulira. Ambiri adamwalira akusambira.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, minda idapezeka m'maiko angapo aku Europe omwe akuberekera mbalamezi. Imodzi mwa yayikulu kwambiri idachita zochitika kumwera kwa France.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mbalame zamtunduwu, zomwe zimakonda kucheza komanso zowala zambiri, zatchuka kwambiri. Kukonza kwawo sikutanthauza ndalama zochulukirapo, chifukwa choti mbalame zazing'ono zimakonda alendo owerengeka.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Paroti ndi mbalame zomwe sizingasokonezeke ndi wina aliyense. Amayambitsa chisoni komanso chidwi. Choyamba, chifukwa zolengedwa izi ndizosowa komanso zokongola mwapadera. Kachiwiri, amatchuka chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo kubala mawu osiyanasiyana komanso kubwereza kalankhulidwe ka anthu.
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi imakhalapo padziko lapansi popanda kusintha kwa zaka zambiri. Mbalamezi zimasungidwa mu akachisi akale, kumaziwona kuti ndizopatulika. Anakhala zimbudzi zomwe amakonda kwambiri za anthu odziwika komanso otchuka, kuyambira ndi Alexander the Great, ku khothi lomwe mbalame zoyankhula zimabweretsa kuchokera kumadera akutali, ndikuwonekera koyamba ku Europe.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zidatchulidwa kale, ma parrots ochokera ku chilengedwe amapatsidwa zinthu zambiri zapadera. Choyambirira, kapangidwe kazachilendo kamlomo wawo, kamene kamagwira ntchito yachitatu ya mbalame zotere. Kuthengo, ndikukhalira pamitengo ndikuyikwera, iwo mosamala amagwira nthambi ndi chipangizo chofananira chimodzimodzi.
Zina mwa milomo ya parrot ndizofunikira kwambiri. Wam'munsi amatha kusakaniza mbali zonse, ndipo mosasamala kanthu, wapamwamba amatha kuwuka ndikugwa. Zilonda zapadera kumapeto kwa mlomo, zofanana ndi fayilo, zimathandiza mbalamezi kupera mosamala zipatso zomwe zimadya. Mbalame zoterezi zimatha kuluma ngakhale pang'ono. Ndipo lilime lawo, lomwe limatha kumapeto, amathandiza kuti mbalamezo zigwire.
Zolengedwa izi ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yodabwitsa. Zovala zawo za nthenga zimatha kukhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zowala, zowoneka bwino komanso zophatikizika muzithunzi zambiri. Koma mutu wofotokozera wathu udzakhala mbalame zotchedwa buluu.
Pali mitundu yopitilira 300 ya mbalamezo. Kuphatikiza pa banja la parrot, palinso tambala. Omalizawa amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma crests okongola, mulomo wokhala ndi chidebe komanso kusapezeka kwa maluwa obiriwira mu utoto. Kuthengo, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwezi zimadzaza malo otentha, ndiye kuti, madera omwe amakhala kutali ndi equator.
Amapezeka kumwera kwa Asia, ku Africa, Latin America ndi Australia. M'madera omwe sakhala kotentha kwenikweni, pali mitundu yokha ya mbalamezi. Parrot wabuluu sikuyimira mtundu wina uliwonse. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakunja chabe, chosonyeza kupangitsa kuti utoto winawake ukhalepo. Timalongosola mitundu yomwe pakati pawo pali oimira ena.
1. Macac Hyacinth ndi apadera chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa, chifukwa mbalamezi zimatha kukula mpaka mita, pamene zimalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Mitundu ya nthenga zawo imakhala ya buluu, koma mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: imatha kukhala imaso kapena yokhazikika, yoyimira mtundu wovuta wabuluu, wofiirira komanso wamtambo weniweni.
Nthawi zambiri, zolengedwa izi zimakhala ndi mulomo wakuda komanso miyendo yoluka imvi. Chikhalidwe chawo ndi kuchepa kwa maula kuzungulira maso komanso pansi pa mulomo, madera awa amawonetseredwa kutsogolo ndi kuwalitsa kowala.
Parrot ngati amenewa - okhala ku South America, amakhala m'nkhalango pafupi ndi mitsinje yamadzi abwino. Khalidwe la zimphona zazikulu za macaw ndilosazolowereka, ndipo m'machitidwe awo pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Koma tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
2. Parrot wamtambo ndi wachikasu macaw. Mbali yapamwamba ya kavalidwe ka nthenga za zolengedwa zotere, komanso chophimba nthenga za mchira, buluu kapena buluu wowala. Mimba zawo, khosi, chifuwa ndi m'khosi zimaso zachikasu ndi tinge lalanje. Mbali yakutsogolo ndi yobiriwira. Mitundu yonse ya macaw ndiyodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuboola, mawu olimba, omwe m'nkhalangozi amafalikira pamtunda woposa makilomita opitilira theka kuchokera pomwe mbalame imamveka phokoso.
3. Budgerigar - mwini wa mitundu yosangalatsa yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza buluu. Ili ndi mwala wosinthika, womwe umadziwika kuti cobalt. Koma mtundu wa oimira ake pano siwopeka. Buluu wakuda ndi m'munsi kumbuyo, goiter, pamimba komanso nthenga zazitali za mchira.
Chovala choyera chokhala ndi mizere yoyera-yopyapyala, chophatikizidwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi madontho ofiirira amphepete pamphepete, chimakhala ngati chovala chigoba choyera pamitu yawo. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Sali oposa masentimita awiri, ndipo kwawo ndi kutali ndi Australia. Palinso mbalame zamtundu wamtambo zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino kwambiri.
4. Masamba achikondi. Zapula zoterezi zimakhala zazitali masentimita 15. Ndizilombo zabwino kwambiri: ndizabwino, zogwira ntchito, komanso chidwi. Ndipo adadziwika ndi dzina lodzipereka lakukondana ndi bwenzi. Mitundu ya maski imakhalanso yobiriwira yokhala ndi ma buluu amtundu, komanso malo amtundu wa mafunde am'nyanja.
Mutu wa nthumwi zamtunduwu, nawonso, umabisidwa ndi chigoba, ndipo mawonekedwe oyera a maso akuda amangokulitsa kufanana, kufanana ndi zotcheka m'maso. Mlomo wa mbalame ndi yoyera, mbuu ndi zoyera. Awa ndi anthu okhala ku Africa, amakhalanso ku Madagascar.
5. Amboinsky parrot - cholengedwa chokhala ndi utoto kuchokera ku Pacific Islands. Zotere parrot wofiira ndi wabuluu ndi mapiko obiriwira pansi. Mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu zamtundu wa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri ndi kukula kwa masentimita 37. Zimakhala m'nkhalango, ndizovuta kwambiri, zimakwera mitengo yokhala ndi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ndipo zimawuluka bwino kwambiri.
6. Phata lamanzere.Zamoyo zotere zimapezeka zachilengedwe ku Africa komanso kumadera otentha ku Asia, okhala m'nkhalango zotentha. Oimira mtunduwu ku Roma wakale amadziwika kuti ndi amtengo wapatali. Atumiki ambiri amawasamalira, ndipo amakhala m'makola amtengo wapatali okhala ndi minyanga ya njovu.
Kuphatikiza pa buluu, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala ndimtambo wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira wobiriwira, koma mutu wawo umasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wabuluu, ndipo kuwongolera kwa lalanje kumawonekera bwino pafupi ndi maso. Mitundu yamakongoletsedwe a khosi idakhala ndi dzina chifukwa cha chingwe chakuda chakuyala pakhosi la omwe adayimira, chomwe chimakhala ngati mkanda.
Moyo & Habitat
Mbawala za mbalamezi sizikhala m'ma nkhalango otentha okha, ngakhale kuti nkhalango sizitha kufikako, pomwe ndizosavuta kubisala kwa adani omwe ali munthambi za mitengo, komanso kupeza chakudya, ndiye malo okhala. Koma mbalame zoterezi zimapezekanso kumapiri, kuphatikiza, kumapiri, koma osapitirira kuposa malo otsetsereka.
Korona zamitengo, m'maenje, m'miyala yamiyala, ngakhale zingwe za nyama zina zitha kukhala nyumba yawo, momwe zimapangira zisa. Njira yakukhala ndi mbalamezi, mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe chawo zimadalira osati malo, komanso mitundu.
Parrot yamtundu wa Blue - cholengedwa chimakhala chochezeka ndipo kuthengo chimakonda kukhala nthawi yocheza ndi amtundu wake. Ndipo osakwatira sapezeka. Amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, amakhala m'magulu awiri, amasokera m'magulu am'magulu, amakhala otanganidwa ndi kuwala kwa tsiku.
Ma macaw onse ndi zolengedwa zamwala. Sili okongola mwachilengedwe, amayang'anira maonekedwe awo, akumadzilimbitsa okha kuti aziwoneka bwino pamaso pawo. Kuthandizira kwakukulu kwa iwo ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka ma paws. Amakhala ndi zala zinayi, awiri awaloza kutsogolo, ndi enawo moyang'anizana kumbuyo.
Izi zimalola mbalame zokhala pafupi ndi umunthu kuti zizigwira zinthu. Komabe, posunga ziweto zamtunduwu kunyumba, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti safuna kubwereza mawu ndi zigwirizano za anthu. Amaberekanso nyimbo zawo zokha, koma zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.
Parrot ya pakhosi, kulowa m'nyumba ya munthu, kumazolowera malo atsopano ovuta kwambiri. Kupatulako ndi mbawala zazing'ono zosakwana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zokha. Mwini pano amafunika kudekha ndi chisamaliro. Ziweto zotere siziyenera kumangodyetsedwa, komanso kulankhulana naye, kumalankhula pafupipafupi.
Gulu la aggies, likuwuluka kudutsa ku Australia, limayenda mozungulira kumtunda kukafunafuna madzi ndi chakudya choyenera. Zosiyanasiyana, kukhala mwanjira ina, ndizofanana ndi zomwe sizifunika mitengo kuti ikhalepo. Awa ndi anthu okhala m'madambo.
Ndipo nthawi ya chisa, nthawi zambiri amayang'ana malo abwino m'malo opezeka kachipululu ku kontinenti. Maapulo a Nomad samakonda kukhala malo amodzi. Khalidwe laubwenzi ndi laubwenzi limakhala m'manja mwa gulu lawo, ndipo ndewu zimangobwera. Mbalame zoterezi zapatsidwa ntchito zaposachedwa kwambiri. Ndipo iwo nthawi zambiri samagwidwa, amangokhala mu ukapolo.
Ndipo zonse zidayamba mchaka cha 1855. Mtundu wachikondi umasinthasintha kukhala kwathu. Mbalamezi ndizotchuka chifukwa cha machitidwe awo osangalala. Munthawi zachilengedwe, amakonda kukwera mitengo, koma m'mapiri ndi steppe ena mwa iwo amakhalanso mizu bwino.
Kusamalira pakhomo komanso kukonza
Kusamalira zimbudzi zazing'ono sikovuta konse. Zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi zimphona za macaw. Zipinda zazing'ono ndi zolembera zolimba sizoyenera. Amangofunika malo pomwe angakhale ndi mwayi wofalitsa mapiko awo, kuwuluka pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, nyumba yawo iyenera kukhala yowongolera ndi mpanda wolimba. Ndodo zoonda kwambiri zotere zimatha kuluma.
Pofuna kupangitsa mbalamezi kukhala ndi magalimoto okwanira, gawo lawo liyenera kukhala ndi zingwe, makwerero, ndi mitengo yaying'ono. Mlomo wa parrot umafunikanso chisamaliro, chifukwa chake umafunika wowongolera wapadera, komanso ukhondo wa mbalame - kusamba. Ena mwa mbalamezo amakonda kusewera.
Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kupereka kampaniyo ndi chiweto. Amafuna gulu la anthu ndi chisamaliro. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe ali zimphona zakunja konse amapereka nthawi yawo yaulere kwa iwo.
Koma nsembe zoterezi nzofunika. Mbalame zotere ndi anzeru kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi aluntha, otheka kuphunzitsidwa ndi kuphunzira manambala oseketsa. Kuchokera pamenepo, mbalame zophatikiza ndi macaw nthawi zambiri zimachita mozungulira.
Zosangalatsa
Kulankhulira paroti ndi imodzi mwamakhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale atakhala ndi mtundu wabwino, sayenera kuthamangira kukasangalatsa ndikuwonetsa abwenzi ake kuti kwabwera mbalame mnyumba. Nthawi zambiri, kuti abambo okongola oterowo athe kulankhuladi, muyenera kuchita nawo mopirira komanso kupirira.
Kwa eni ake buluu wabuluu ndibwino kuyamba naye maphunziro azolankhula kuyambira ali ndi miyezi khumi, chifukwa amakumbukiranso mawu ena. Zimakhala zovuta kuti mbalame zazikulire zizitha kuyamwa. Koma kukumbukira kwawo ndi kwakukulu komanso ndi anzeru kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri eni malu oyankhula amakhala ndi chithunzi choti mawu oloweza pamtima ndi mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiweto sichimangochitika mwangozi, koma pomvetsetsa tanthauzo lake. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zoona. Maparishi oterowo samangokondweretsa eni ake ndi mawu opanda pake, komanso ndi malingaliro awo autali. Pazonse, amatha kukumbukira mpaka mawu makumi awiri.
Maubweya wachikondi samalankhula kwambiri chifukwa cha zida zamagetsi. Koma ngati mwiniyo wapanga cholinga chophunzitsira chiwetocho kuti alankhule naye, ndibwino kuti asunge mbalame imodzi. Inde, pakampani yawo yamtundu wawo, mbalame zachikondi zimasamalirana kwambiri ndi anansi awo okhala ndi masamba.
Koma ngati alibe mwayi woterewu, amakakamizidwa kuti aziyang'anira omwe akuwayang'anira ndikutenga chitsanzo kuchokera kwa iwo, kuphatikizapo pakulankhula. Ngakhale zimatengera umunthu wa mbalameyo. Zimachitika ndipo motsatana. Kufuna abale, mbalame zimadzitsekera ndipo zimasiya kukhala ndi chidwi ndi chilengedwe.
Ma parroti a pakhosi nawonso samatha kulankhula bwino, ndipo si m'modzi mwa omwe amalankhula omwe amawagwira chilichonse pa ntchentche. Pali mitundu yomwe ili yophunzitsidwa bwino luso la kulankhula, koma mawu a ziphalaphala zotere ndi achilendo.
Nyimbo zomwe amapanga zimakhala zopanda pake ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zosasangalatsa. Komabe, pali eni omwe amazolowera zoterezi, mopitilira apo, amawona kuti mawu awokondedwa awo ndi apadera komanso apadera.
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe
Mitundu yopitilira 350 ya parrot-yomwe ili padziko lapansi. Ambiri aiwo ndi abwino kukonza nyumba, zinzake zina ndizochepa kwambiri mwakuti ndizosowa mu ukapolo.
- Mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zoweta ndizophatikizira anapiye, Jacques, macaw ndi amazon.
- Zapakati zikuphatikiza khosi, loriae, kakariks, corellas, rosella, caicosas ndi kalita.
- Mitundu ing'onoing'ono imaphatikizapo ma aggi, zovala zachikondi, ndi passerines.
Ziribe kanthu kuti mumakonda mbalame bwanji, fikirani posankha moyenera, chifukwa kunyumba mbalame zambiri zamapulogalamu zimakhala zaka 15-20, ndipo zina zaka 70-80. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake, kuthekera kwake, mawonekedwe ake ndi zomwe amafunikira ngati ali m'ndende.
Mpheta
Imodzi mwa mbalame zocheperako kwambiri ndi passerines. Makulidwe a thupi osaposa masentimita 14, 5. Amakhala odzikuza pochoka, ochezeka, ophunzitsidwa bwino kukambirana. Amakonda kusewera komanso kuthera nthawi yayitali ndi omwe amakhala nawo.
Ubwino wamtunduwu wa parrot yanyumba ndikuti siwaphokoso. Chifukwa chake, ziweto zoterezi zimayenera kuperekedwa kwa eni ake omwe amakonda mtendere ndi chete.
Zowona, mbalamezi zimathanso kuletsa - zimakhala zolimbirana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, chifukwa sizikhala ndi gulu. Pasapezeke ziweto zopitilira 2 pa khola lililonse.
Chiyembekezo chamoyo wamtunduwu mpaka zaka 20.
Zachikondi
Chifukwa cha mtundu wowala ndi mawonekedwe ake, maubwenzi achikondi kwambiri amapeza chikondi kuchokera kwaokonda mbalame. Zimakhala zovuta kuwaphunzitsa kuyankhulana, koma nthawi zonse amasangalala ndi zomwe akuchita komanso kusuntha. Kuwona mbalame zosangalatsa izi, nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi chiyembekezo kuchokera kwa iwo.
Ndikofunika kusunga zovala zachikondi. Amakhudza kwambiri mnzake (yemwe adakhala ndi dzina loti "kuyankhula"), amakonda kukhala pafupi.
Mitundu ya ziphalaphala izi ndi yosiyanasiyana: utoto waukulu wobiriwira wazowoneka bwino umaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yapinki, yachikaso, yofiira. Zovala zoyera zoyera, zachikaso zolemera, komanso cobalt zinapangidwa.
Kukula kwa thupi ndikukumbukira za ma bullfinches - satha kupitirira 17 cm. Kunyumba amatha kukhala ndi zaka 20.
Aratinga
Mbalamezi zimafika masentimita 16 mpaka 35. Ndizabwino, zoseketsa, kusewera, zimakonda chidwi cha munthu, zomwe amadziwika kuti ndi "zomata". Makulidwe a aratinga ndi owoneka bwino komanso okongola, amaphatikiza mitundu yofiira, yachikaso, yamtambo ndi yobiriwira, ngakhale chithunzi cha maprotetichi sichikusonyeza kukongola kwake nthawi zonse:
Maukonde ndi osavuta pokonza nyumba, koma amaonedwa kuti ndi owononga omwe amatha kusanduliza mipando kukhala slivers ndi milomo yolimba munthawi yochepa. Kuti muwasokoneze pa ntchitoyi, muyenera kupereka zoseweretsa matabwa ndi nthambi zambiri.
Mbalame izi zimafunikiradi chidwi cha eni ake. Ngati mumakonda kukhala nthawi yambiri ndi chiweto chanu, mudzalandira bwenzi lapamtima kwambiri mu "nkhope" yakumapeto, yemwe amasangalala kwambiri kulankhulana nanu.
Choipa cha mbalamezi ndi kufuula kwawo. M'mawa kapena m'mawa, nthawi zambiri amalira mofuula, kubangula. Ngakhale amatha kufuula masana, kufotokoza mofuula onse osakhutira ndi china chake komanso chisangalalo.
Izi zimbudzi zam'banja zimatha kubalanso zolankhula mwa anthu ndipo zimatha kuphunzira mawu ndi mawu angapo. Wophunzitsidwa bwino mumnjira zosiyanasiyana.
Omenyanawo amatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 15-30.
Kaiki
Mitengo yofiirira ya Kaiki ndi mbalame zoseketsa zomwe zimayenda ndi kudumpha koyambirira. Chifukwa cha maluso awa, ambiri okhala ndi ziweto zotere. Ndi zaluso, osakhazikika, osavuta kuphunzira zidule zosiyanasiyana. Zowona, zolankhula zosagwirizana ndi anthu, komabe, amatsata bwino mawu osiyanasiyana: kulira kwa koloko, kulira kwa mwana, phokoso la zida zapakhomo ndi zinthu zina.
Mitundu iwiri ya ma caicos oyera okhala ndi mutu - wamutu-wamutu ndi wakuda, amasiyana maonekedwe amutu pamutu. Kukula kwa mbalame ndi 23-25 cm.
Amatha kufuula mokweza komanso moboola, amakonda kubaya kena kake, koma amadalira kwambiri mbalame zomwe zimaphatikizika zomwe zimakhala abwenzi enieni ndi eni ake.
Nthawi zambiri, maiki a kaiki zoweta amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 25-30.
Kakariki
Kakarikov amatchedwa kulumpha ndi kuthamanga, komanso ma parroti osasunthika kwambiri padzikoli. Samakhala phee, amapeza chochita nthawi zonse: akung'ung'uza zinazake, kukumba, kupeza. Amathamanga, kudumpha, osati pansi pokhoma, komanso padenga. Chifukwa chake, khola la mbalame liyenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira kuti akhale ndi malo okwanira oyendera.
Amuna akhoza kuphunzitsidwa kuyankhula, koma mawu awo amakhala ochepa. Akazi si mbalame yolankhula, koma amakhala odekha. Opezerera anzawo komanso fidgets nthawi zambiri amakhala amuna a kakariki.
Mbalame zokhala ndi utoto wokwanira zimafikira kukula mpaka 25 cm. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 15 - 20.
Corella
Corella nymphs sakhala otsika kwambiri pakuchuluka kwa ma budgies. Mbalame zokongola izi zokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola ndizamtendere, chifukwa ndizoyenera kukhala ziweto kwa oyamba kumene ngakhale ana.
Corellas ndi zolengedwa zofatsa zomwe zimakonda kulankhulana ndi munthu komanso kumukonda. Amayimba mokongola, amatha kuimba likhweru komanso kutsanzira kalankhulidwe ka anthu. Ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali, kuchokera pakusowa chidwi amatha kudwala.
Kusewera kogwira pamutu, masaya owala "owuma", mkanda wa mulomo wofanana ndi kumwetulira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya imvi m'mapulogalamu imapangitsa mbalame kukhala yokongola kwambiri. Kukula kwa thupi la Corelli kumafika masentimita 32- 34. Amakhala kunyumba zaka pafupifupi 20.
Mu Chidatchi, dzina la mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu limatanthawuza "Clown". Lori - mbalame zophunzika mwaluso, zokonda, zoseketsa kwambiri, zosavuta kuzisintha.
Monga mbalame zodulira pakati, mbalamezi zimadalira kwambiri, zimalumikizana ndi munthu, ngakhale ndi mlendo, ndipo zimakonda kulankhulana ndi ana. Osapsa mtima kwa ziweto zina. Kusungulumwa kumavomerezedwa mosavuta, chifukwa nthawi zonse akapeza zinazake.
Koma ali ndi zovuta zina ziwiri:
- kuboola kukuwa kokuwa
- madontho a madzi omwe Lori akuwoneka kuti akuwonetsa malo ponseponse.
Kukula kwa mbalame sikupita masentimita 40. Kutengera mitundu, kuphatikiza kwa mitunduyo ndizosiyanasiyana, zokongola komanso zosayembekezereka. Chakudyacho ndichabwino kwambiri.
Ali mu ukapolo, mbalame zotchedwa Lorieva zimatha kukhala zaka 20.
Phula wamiyendo
Awa ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono - amakula mpaka masentimita 42. Zowoneka zazikulu ndizobiriwira, nthenga zakuda zimayang'ana pakhosi, Mzere wakuda wina (wa akazi) kapena mzere wa pinki (waimuna) umadutsa mutu wa mbalame. Kwa khosi lotereli adapeza dzina lotere.
Monga ma parakeet osowa pokhala, mutha kukhala ndi eni osadziwa komanso mabanja okhala ndi ana. Amakhala anzeru kwambiri, ali ndi malingaliro odandaula, osinthika mosavuta, amaphunzitsidwa bwino malankhulidwe a anthu komanso onomatopoeia. Amatha kukhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera mpaka zaka 20.
Parrot monk
Sewero lodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi kalita parata. Mayina ake ena ndi amonke, Quaker. Zambiri, zomwe zimatikumbutsa za zomwe zimachita ana ambiri, mbalamezo zidapatsidwa dzina lotere. Zowoneka zobiriwira kumbuyo, mchira ndi gawo lakumutu limasandulika kukhala imvi yopepuka pa thupi, khosi komanso gawo lotsikira la mutu. Kukula mpaka 30 cm.
Ku South America, potite ndiofala monga nkhunda. Kunyumba, amawoneka ngati ochezeka, oseketsa, oseketsa komanso mbalame zabwino kwambiri. Amatha kubereka. Mabwenzi enieni a eni ake. Amakhala mu ukapolo zaka 25-30.
Rosella
Zodabwitsa kwambiri kuti mbalame zamtundu wa Rosella ndiomwe zili ndi nthenga za "scaly". Mukapenda mosamala nthenga zawo m'chithunzichi, zimawonekera kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba.
Mbalame zimakula mpaka masentimita 35. Kutengera mitundu, maula amatha kujambulidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira yofiyira mpaka yobiriwira mpaka yobiriwira wachikasu.Ngati ziweto, mbalamezi zimakopeka ndi luso lawo loimba. Phokoso lomwe amapanga limafanana ndi nyimbo za chitoliro. Mtundu wa mbalame ndi wochezeka, wosangalala. Satha kutengera kalankhulidwe ka anthu.
Rosella adakhala ndi moyo zaka 20-35.
Makalabu akulu
Oyimira mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zoweta nthawi zambiri amaziyerekeza ndi nzeru za ana azaka za 3-5. Ndiwanzeru, zaluso, amatha kuphunzira ndi kubereka mawu ambiri ndi ziganizo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti samangotsatira mawu a anthu, kutchula mawu mosaganizira, koma kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lake ndikumayika zolemba zina panthawi yake.
Maapulo akuluakulu amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi eni ake, kukhala abwenzi enieni kwa iwo. M'malo mwake, amafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka, ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuyambira masiku oyamba, popeza ambiri aiwo amakonda kulamulira. Izi ndi mbalame zolimba, zotentha zomwe zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri ndi milomo yolimba ngati sizinaleredwe molondola.
Zambiri mwa izo sizoyenera kukhala ndi eni mbalame oyambira, popeza amasankha mndende, zakudya, komanso mtundu wa eni ake.
Amafuna ndowe zazingwe zazingwe, komanso makina oyendera ndege. Bwino koposa ngati chipinda chonse chikhala ndi mbalame zotere. Amafunika kulumikizana nthawi zonse ndi munthu. Amabodza ataliatali.
Amazons
Mbalame zokhala ndi maula obiriwira owoneka bwino ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zazikulu zomwe eni nyumba za novice amatha kukhala nazo. Mazoni ndi ochezeka, odziwa kudziwa, olankhula mwachilengedwe, awa ndiwokamba bwino kwambiri omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ambuye awo. Kumbali ina, Amazon ndi mbalame yaphokoso, imatha kukhala yodzikuza komanso yowopsa ngati simuyiphunzira.
Kukula kwa ma amazon kutengera ndi mitundu, kuchokera pa 25 masentimita mpaka masentimita 45. Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha ma parrots ndikutha kubweretsanso molondola zomwe munthu akuwaphunzitsa, makamaka kuyimba. Amayimba nyimbo zazikulu, zokhala ndi whidi, amalankhula komanso kutengera mawu a nyama.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa Amazons ndi zaka 50. Pali umboni wa kutalika kwa nyama zamtunduwu, zomwe zidakhala zaka 70.
Mbalame zokongola, zomwe ma epithete apamwamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito: mapula osowa kwambiri, ochulukirapo, padziko lonse lapansi. Amakula mpaka pafupifupi mita imodzi. Mitengo yawo ili m'makumi a madola. Zambiri mwa mbalame ndi zowala, zosiyana, sizimasiya aliyense alibe chidwi.
Aapula a Ara ndiwofunda, okhudza mtima, komanso obwezera. Amalimbana nthawi zonse kuti azilamulira, motero ndikofunikira kuchita nawo maphunziro awo ndi maphunziro kuyambira masiku oyamba akuwonekera mnyumbayo. Ndiwo mokweza mawu, amakonda kudziwa chilichonse chomwe chimagona molakwika ndi milomo yawo yamphamvu.
Macaw ang'onoang'ono nawonso ndi phokoso kwambiri, komabe ndizosavuta kuziwasamalira kuposa zazikulu.
Macaw ndi zaka zana, amakhulupirira kuti amatha kukhala ndi zaka 80-100.
Ma Jacques a ku Gray amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi luso lawo anzeru omwe amafanana ndi luntha la mwana wazaka zisanu. Ndi maphunziro oyenera, Jaco amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawonekedwe a zinthu ndi mtundu wawo. Awa ndi njira yabwino kutsanzirira kulira kwa zida zapakhomo, mawu a anthu ndi kulira kwa mbalame zina ndi nyama. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, mphamvu ya mawu olankhulidwa amasinthidwa.
Kulankhulana ndi chiweto, eni ambiri ali ndi malingaliro amphamvu kuti phula wawo wa nyama, Jaco, amamvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo la zokambirana ndipo samangolankhula zopanda pake.
Jacques mwakuthupi amamva momwe mwiniwakeyo amakhalira. Amakonda kwambiri munthu ndipo amavutika ndi kusasamala kwake kapena chidwi chake. Ngati kulumikizana sikukwanira kwa iwo, amayamba kudzinyamula nthenga paokha, kugwa mu kukhumudwa, kudwala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuiganizira mosamala musanayambe mbalame yokhala ndi gulu labwino, ngakhale mutha kuonetsetsa kuti izisamalira.
Makulidwe a Jaco afika masentimita 35. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50.
Cockatoo
Mbalame zokopa kwambiri ndi a ku Australia a Cockatoo. Iwo ndi eni milomo yamphamvu kwambiri komanso ma crests owoneka bwino, zomwe ndi zizindikiro zakugwedezeka. Makulidwe amitundu yambiri ya cockatoo alibe mitundu yofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya parrot. Komabe, chimakopa diso ndipo sichisiya. Pa chithunzichi mutha kuwona kukongola kwa mbalame zazikulu za tambala:
Ngakhale ma parroti a cockatoo salankhula, amatha kuphunzira mawu ochepa. Ubwino wa mbalamezi umawonekera mokwanira potengera phokoso la nyama zina, zida zapakhomo. Amamva bwino phokoso la nyimbo ndipo amadziwa kuvinanso, kugwada, kuwerama, kupeta ndi kuwongolera nthenga za wokonda kugwedeza mitu yawo. Amatha kukhala zaka 90.
Momwe mungasankhe komanso komwe mugule parrot
Popeza talingalira malingaliro anu okonda paroti kuti azisunga m'nyumba, ndizogulabebe. Mwakonzera kale khola kapena lapa komwe chiweto chikhala. Kudyetsa zophika, mbale zomwera, zoseweretsa ndi zina zina zinapezeka m'malo mwake. Tsopano ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa komwe mungagule mbalameyo:
- ku nazale kapena kwa woweta parrot wodalirika - pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kuti mbalameyo idabadwa ndikukula bwino, malinga ndi malamulo onse. Mukalandira zikalata pazomwe zimafotokoza zaka, malo omwe mudabadwira, thanzi, nthawi zambiri ngakhale jenda. Komabe, pazabwino zomwe mungakwanitse kukulitsa chiweto chanu chamtsogolo muyenera kulipira mtengo wokwera,
- m'masitolo a ziweto muyenera kuyang'ana momwe mbalame zimasungidwira, mkhola la khola, ngakhale litakhala yocheperako, chakudya chamtundu wanji, ngakhale zinyalala zake. Sizachilendo kwa mbalame zotchedwa parrots kugulitsa malo osungirako osasamala za mbalame, ukhondo sukusungidwa pamenepo, ma feed abwino sagwiritsidwa ntchito, etc. Pazinthu zotere, parrot imakhala yovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ayambenso. Koma mtengo wa mbalame zotere ndi wotsika kuposa wa obereketsa waluso,
- zimbudzi ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri pamabala a mbalame, komabe, momwe zimasungidwira zimasiyidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chiopsezo chenicheni chogula mbalame yakale komanso yodwala,
- malinga ndi zolengeza - mukamagula mbalame m'manja mwanu, simudzadziwiratu zovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo. Sizikudziwika kutiomwe eni ake akale adachita chiyani, sizotheka nthawi zonse kudziwa zaka zake. Amatha kugulitsa mbalame zakutchire. Mukukumana ndi zovuta za kutopetsa, nthawi zambiri palibe zoyesayesa kuzitsogolera izi kuchokera kwa eni eni zomwe zimabweretsa bwino. Koma mbalame zotere ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa mitundu ina.
Kodi ndi paroti iti yomwe mungasankhe kuchokera pazosankha izi ili ndi inu. Nthawi zina mwa zizindikiro zakunja mutha kuwona mkhalidwe waumoyo wa wokhala ndi manja. Ngati mbalame yokhala ndi maula osalala, mlomo wosalala, malo otsetsereka komanso malo oyandikana ndi chovalacho, komanso ndi maso owala wopanda zotulutsa, ikulakalaka ndikukuyang'anirani modabwitsa, mwina uyu ndiye Parrot wanu wapakhomo yemwe mungakhale naye zaka zambiri zosangalatsa, lodzazidwa ndi chisangalalo, chidwi komanso kusangalala kwakukulu.
Chilichonse chomwe mungasankhe kukonzera nyumba, mupangireni momwe angakhalire nthawi yayitali. Mupezapo malangizo othandiza muvidiyoyi:
Parrots (Mitundu, mayina amtundu) pokonza pakhomo
Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti pali mitundu yopitilira 300 ya mbalame zotchedwa parroti. Mwa awa, gawo lalikulu la anthu apanga ziweto. Ma parrote onse ndi osiyana ndi wina ndi mnzake: kukula kwake, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwamapulogalamu, kuyimba, nthawi yawo yonse yamoyo. Mtundu umodzi wa mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu umatha kuyankhula bwino, mitundu ina ya nyimbo zokongola, yachitatu yochita zanzeru, wachinayi udzakhala waluso m'minda yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wotsogola, monga anthu, ali ndi mawonekedwe ake, kuyambira wochezeka komanso wosadzikuza mpaka wovuta komanso wovuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutengera njira yabwino pakusankhira mbalame, ndikusankha kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ingakhale yofunika kwambiri kwa inu.
Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za mtundu wina wa ma parrot ngati ma bulugodi, ma lovebor, ma coral, khosi ndi paroti wa ku Amazonia, ma cockatoos, jaco ndi macaw. Mndandandawu umayamba wocheperako ndikutha ndi mitundu yayikulu.
Ndi mitundu ingati yamapulogalamu padziko lapansi?
Ma parrots, omwe amaimira dongosolo lakelo, agawidwa m'mabanja awiri:
Pazonse, pali mitundu pafupifupi 400 ya mbalame zotchedwa parrots padziko lapansi. Mbalame izi zimakhala ndi mitundu yofananira ya mbalame zambiri za parrot, komanso ndizodziwika mwachilengedwe cha mtundu umodzi wokha.
Ma parrote onse ali ndi:
- mlomo wopingasa (kapena wopingidwa),
- zala zinayi pa phazi lirilonse, logawika awiriawiri (awiri owongoka kumbuyo ndi awiri kutsogolo).
Mtundu, mitundu yankhwangwala imabwera ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu iwiri:
- chowala kapena chosiyana
- zobisika.
Potengera kukula kwake, mitundu yamapulogalamu amasiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Kukula kwa ma ptas amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira 8 cm mpaka 1 m.
Mitundu yonse ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe sizingatheke kufotokoza. Koma kuti tithokoze pang'ono mitundu ya nthumwi zamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri, yodziwika bwino komanso yachilendo kwambiri.
Budgerigar
Mwana wakhanda uyu wokhala ndi tsitsi lofunidwa kwambiri ngati chiweto. Budgerigar amatsogolera mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi mbalame zotchuka kwambiri zapakhomo.
Anthu aku Australia mwachilengedwe, abwanawa ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Ndiwocheperako kukula - masentimita 16 - 23. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kumakhala 50 g.
Mtundu wa mbalamezo ndi wowala. Makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yotsatirayi amapezeka:
- wobiriwira kapena udzu
- chikasu
- buluu kapena mtundu wamtambo
- zoyera
- chakuda kapena chakuda.
Mtundu, kuphatikiza kwa mitundu iyi, yonse komanso yophatikizika, sizachilendo. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iyi, kudzera mukuyesayesa kwa obereketsa, parrot yodziwika bwino idabadwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta awa ndi osowa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, budgerigar pinki ndi wofiirira parrot amaonedwa ngati osowa.
Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wautoto wanyimbo, nthenga zomwe zimaphimba mapiko, mutu ndi kumbuyo, ngati kuti ndi burashi ya wojambulayo, zili ndi mizere yakuda yoyenda - tsatanetsatane uyu wa utoto wambiri unapangitsa mawonekedwe a dzina la parrot uyu.
Izi zimbudzi zazing'onozi ndizanzeru kwambiri. Ndiosavuta kuphunzira ndipo amatha kutsanzira zolankhula za anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zamtunduwu ndizodziwika ndi:
- ulemu
- kusewera
- chidwi
- mayanjano
- kunyalanyaza kusiya,
- kudya zakudya zochepa.
Ngakhale amalankhula, ziweto izi sizipanga phokoso kwambiri momwe mungayembekezere.
Nthawi yayitali yomwe mbalame zimayembekeza ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi, koma chisamaliro chapadera, chiweto chimatha kukhalanso ndi nthawi yayitali kupatula pakati.
Parrot wamitundu yambiri uyu wochokera ku South America ali ndi mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba pafupifupi chilichonse. Makulidwe - mpaka 1 m (ndi mchira), ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wazomwe zilipo. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chikuchitika kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 90.
Ma parapoti a Macaw amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Mtundu wowala wa mbalame yokhala ndi mulomo waukulu, utoto wonse utakwanira. Malinga ndi mitundu yayikulu ya omwe akuyimira mbalamezi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi:
- Ma macaws wamba (ofiira ndi abuluu achikasu amawoneka ndi utoto)
- ma hyacinth macaw (mtundu waukulu kwambiri komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri wa mbalame zotchedwa parrots padziko lapansi),
- mitengo ya buluu ya mtundu wa buluu (yocheperapo, yomwe ili pangozi),
- Macaw ang'onoang'ono amaso.
Mbalame yokongola iyi sikuti imangokhala yopatsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ara ali ndi maphunziro anzeru, amadzipereka ku maphunziro ndi maphunziro, amatha kuyankhula - onse ndi mawu osungunuka komanso mosayembekezereka amapereka china chomveka malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri. Koma mawu a mbalameyo ndi osasangalatsa - akuthwa ndi kuboola.
Ara - mbalame ndiochezeka komanso ochezeka, koma phokoso kwambiri komanso amiseche - ngati ana aang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zazikulu zotchedwa zinkhwezi sizabwino kwenikweni kukonza nyumba - zimafunikira malo aulere ambiri. Chifukwa chake adalandira gawo lalikulu kwambiri m'malo awa:
Komabe pali anthu omwe akufuna kuti azisunga izi monga chiweto.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana
Mitundu 12 ya ziphalabunguzi imakhala zachilengedwe. Amapezeka kumwera kwa Asia, ku East Africa. Izi ndi mbalame zokongola, zachisomo. Kukula kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 42. Khosi limazunguliridwa ndi chingwe ngati mkanda kapena chomangira. Kukhala ndi miyendo yochepa, yofowoka, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito mulomo wake kuti zisunthe.
Wotetezedwa bwino, amatha kubereka mawu ochepa ngakhale mawu. Pali zaphokoso, koma cholakwika ichi chitha kuwongoleredwa ndi maphunziro.
Lorikeet
Mu nkhalango zamapiri za Australia ndi Indonesia, pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri ya lorikeet. Kutalika kwa mbalame ndi masentimita 20-30. Utoto wamitunduyi ndiwobiliwira, umaphatikizidwa ndi ofiira, abuluu kapena achikasu, kutengera mtundu.
Lorikeet Ringed Parrot
Ali mu ukapolo, amawongolera. Zomwe zimadyedwa ndi mbewu za zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Onetsetsani kuti mukuthira ma apulo anu a ziweto, zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso. Pa kuswana kunyumba kumatha kupatsa ana.
Cacapo
Cholengedwa chodabwitsa cha New Zealand ndichilengedwe chotchuka chifukwa chofanana ndi kadzidzi. Makamaka, izi zimagwira pakapangidwe kamutu. M'mawu a mbalamezi, zolemba za kadzidzi, zokutira nkhumba ndi kulira kwa bulu kuphatikizidwa.
Mtundu wa cocoa ndi udzu. Mtundu wa nthenga ndi wobiriwira ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wakuda.
Izi zosowa, zowonongeka pankhope ya Dziko lapansi, chifukwa chake zolembedwa mu Red Book ndi mbalame zotetezedwa ndizosiyana. Mapiko awo ndi ofooka, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina samawuluka. Koma izi sizimawaletsa kukwera mitengo. Nthawi yodzuka ya mbalamezi ndi usiku.
Kakapo sichitha kuwoneka malo osungira nyama, ndizochepa pakhomo. Tsopano asayansi akugwira ntchito yobwezeretsa mtunduwo.
Parrot waku New Zealand uyu siwofanana kwambiri ndi mamembala ambiri a gululi, monga kakapo. Dzina lina la mbalameyi ndi Nestor. Kukula kwake komanso kutikita minofu, phala yokhala ndi mulomo wautali kwambiri imakhala ngati khwangwala. Nthawi zina, aa amakula mpaka 50 cm ndipo amalemera kuposa 1 kg. Thupi la mbalame ndi lamphamvu, miyendo imakhala yolimba.
Maonekedwe a Maolivi Nestor amawoneka ovuta. Chokha chokha ndi malo omwe ali mkati mwa mapiko okhala ndi nthenga zauwisi wonyezimira ndi wabuluu.
Kwa mawonekedwe anu ndi a:
Monga kakapo, aku amatetezedwa ndi lamulo.
Rosella warbler
Wokongoletsa wokongola waku Australia Rosella salankhula, koma akuimba - mokoma ndi mosangalatsa. Liwu la mbalameyi ndi lokongola, lachiwonetsero, ndipo njira yake imagwirira ntchito. Mwa chikhalidwe cha rosella, amakhala odekha komanso ochezeka. Koma sangathe kuyanjana mu khola lomweli ndi mbalame yamtundu wina - kugawana kumatha pomenya nkhondo.
Rosella ali ndi kukula pafupifupi 20 cm mpaka 30. Mitundu yamitundu yambiri imakhala yosiyanasiyana. Anthu ambiri amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri - ndi mutu wachikaso kapena wofiyira.
Monk (Kalita) - European Pegeon
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ziweto ku Spain, Brazil ndi mizinda ina imawonedwa ngati msewu komanso ofanana ndi njiwa zaku Russia. Anayamba kutcha mbalamezi kukhala amonke chifukwa chofanana ndi mitundu ya nthenga zawo ndimphaka. Korona, kumbuyo ndi mchira wake ndiwobiliwira wowala kapena wonyezimira, ndipo nkhope ndi thupi kutsogolo ndi zofiirira.
Koma chikhalidwe cha mbalamezi zomwe sizilankhula sizimangokhala zachuma ayi. Amadziwika ndi:
Izi zophimbira sizisamalidwa mosavuta. Simalankhula kwambiri. Mawu - mawu angapo khumi. Mawu ndi osokosera, monga akunenera, kwa okonda masewera.
Phula wa Amazon
Pankhani ya luntha, zodabwitsa za otentha zimangokhala zofunikira. "Olankhula" ophunzitsidwa bwino amakhala ndi kukumbukira kwabwino - amakumbukira mawu ndi mawu, ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito panthawi yoyenera, monga akunena, "pamutuwu."
Zosewerera, zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa zimapatsa mwiniwake zabwino. Amazons amakhala ndi zaka 15-50 (kutengera mtundu wa chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro). Miyeso ya parrot ndi yotalika - 25 - 50 cm. Thupi ndilamphamvu, mchira wake ndi waukulu. Zowonjezera ndizowala ndizophatikiza mitundu iyi:
Grass parrot
Ma parrot ang'onoang'ono ochokera ku Australia omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 20 - 25 cm mwachilengedwe amapanga ndege zochepa komanso zazifupi, kotero khola la iwo sayenera kukhala lalitali, koma lalitali. Zosankha zamitundu mitundu ndizosiyanasiyana, koma zochulukirapo.
Mawu a mbalame ndi nyimbo. Parrot amangoyimba, samalankhula. Chiyembekezo chamoyo sichimakhala choposa zaka 20.
Mitundu ina
Katsamba kamafuta a Katerina amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10. Mtundu wake ndi wokongola kwambiri - emerald-wakuda-wachikasu-wobiriwira. Mbalame yamtundu wapakatikati - 22 - 25 cm (ndi mchira). Mbalame imalemera pafupifupi 50 g.
Wophika wachipembedzo wa ku China amakumbukira mawu bwino ndipo amatha, monga momwe akunenera, amathandizira zokambirana. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu - kukula kwake pamodzi ndi mchira wake ndi 65 - 80 cm. Mtundu wobiriwira waukulu wa mankhwalawa umakwaniritsidwa ndi madera achikuda ndi akuda.
Parrot yokhala ndi mapiko ofiira imawoneka bwino. Madziwo ndi obiriwira owala, mchira wake ndi wakuda ndipo mapiko ake ndi ofiira.Kukula kwa mbalame ndi 45 cm (ndi mchira).
Parote wakuyimba waku Australia amawoneka bwino ndi mawu osangalatsa komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Kukula kwa mbalame ndi 40 - 45 cm (ndi mchira). Pali anthu amtundu woyamba wa mitundu yambiri:
Anthu onse, mosatengera mtundu, ali ndi malo ofiira kumbuyo kwawo.
Parrot yokhala ndi mutu wofiirira ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka yosunga nyumba. Nthawi zina amatchedwa mutu wa maula. Mutu wofiyira wa parrot woloza khungu labiriweri la maolivi umafanana ndi maula ndi maso komanso mulomo. Malinga ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo, avareji ndi 50 - 55 cm (ndi mchira).
Parrot wokhala ndi mutu wofiirira wamutu wayankhula m'mawu osiyana. Kutalika kwa moyo wake ndi zaka 35 - 45. Maonekedwe ake ndi opatsa chidwi - okhala ngati ophatikizika osiyanasiyana:
- mutu ndi mapewa ake ali amtambo wabuluu,
- thupi lamguwa,
- mapiko ake ndiwowoneka bwino
- mchira wake ndi wofiyira.
Parrot wofiyira-bwino amakhala ndi masentimita 55-60 (mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira). Mutu wake ndi wofiyira, masaya ake ndi achikasu, ndipo thupi lake, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndiwobiliwira. Monga chiweto, sichofalikira monga abale ofanana.
Monk (Quaker, Kalita)
Ququaker kapena monrot parrot akuchokera ku Brazil, Argentina ndi Uruguay. Wokhala ndi zokhala pamwamba pa mitengo ya savannah. Amodzi okha a banja omwe amapanga zisa zazikulu.
Parrot monk
Ndi mbalame yautali wamtundu wakuda wobiriwira wokhala ndi malangizo oyera komanso mapiko amtambo wabuluu, komanso pamphumi. Mtunduwu umafanana ndi chithunzithunzi cha amonke a Quaker, ndichifukwa chake parrot ili ndi dzina lotere. Quaker kutalika kwa masentimita 30. M'ndende, ana amabadwa.
Kalita - oyankhula bwino, amatha kuloweza mawu angapo komanso angatamande anthu ndi mayina. Zoseketsa, mbalame zochezeka ndizachangu kwambiri, zimakonda kusewera ndikuphunzira zanzeru.
Rosella
Mapulogalamu owoneka bwino, ochititsa chidwi ndi mawu okoma ndi kuyimba kosangalatsa amachokera ku Australia. Kutalika kwa thupi la Rosella ndi masentimita 25 mpaka 35. Masaya amakhala okongoletsedwa ndi mawanga achikasu, amtambo kapena oyera. Mtundu wa maula ndizophatikizika.
Parrot rosella
Kutha kutsanzira kalankhulidwe kochepa, koma mutha kuphunzitsa chiweto chanu kuimba nyimbo zokoma. Wokonzedwa mwachangu, khalani odekha komanso omvera. Komabe, amatha kuchitira nkhanza abale awo.
Kusamalira ndi Rosella Parrot
Ndikofunika kuti mbalame zikhazikitse kusamba, popeza zimakonda njira zamadzi. Amakhala odzichepetsera chakudya. Kufalikira mu ukapolo.
Zomera zanyalala
Ma parroti ang'ono aku Australia omwe ali ndi maula ambiri komanso mawu osangalatsa. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupita masentimita 21 - Omwe ali ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi.
Grass parrot
Zokhala ndi zogwirizana, zachisomo, komanso zabwino. Samalankhula, koma amayimba bwino kwambiri. Nyama zophimba za grassy zimadyanso udzu, zipatso zamasamba, masamba kuthengo.
Senegalale Parrot
Ili ndi mtundu wotchuka pakati pa obereketsa wokhala ndi masentimita 22-25. Mbalame zimakhala m'nkhalango za West Africa. Mtundu wowoneka bwino ndi wobiriwira. Mutu ndi imvi, ndipo m'mimba ndi chikasu cha lalanje.
Senegalale Parrot
Ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso osangalatsa kwambiri. Oyimira mitunduyi akhoza kuphunzitsidwa kutchula mawu ochepa.
Senegalale parakeet
Zotsatira
Eklectus amatchedwanso photi yabwino. Mbalame yowala, yothandiza komanso yanzeru. Mwachilengedwe, mumakhala nkhalango za mgwalangwa komanso zowuma za Moluccan, China, Guinean, Solomon Islands, Australia. Kukula kwa thupi kumatha kufika masentimita 45. Mchirawo ndiwotalika bwino, wamfupi. Mitundu ya kugonana imatchulidwa mumtundu wa zolaula: zazikazi zimakhala makamaka zofiirira, ndipo amuna ndi obiriwira.
Zokongoletsa za eclectus
Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okondana kwambiri komanso kukonda kwambiri munthu. Amatha kuphunzitsidwa kuti azilankhula, azizimba nyimbo, zanzeru komanso zanzeru. Luso la mbalamezi limawalola kuti alengeze mawu ofunikira kumalo, ndipo ngakhale amakonza zoyeretsa m'khola, kubwezera zoseweretsa ndi chakudya pamalo.
Corella (nymphs)
Ngati tizingolankhula za mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa parrots ndi Corella. Amadziwikanso kuti ma nymphs. Awa ndi mbalame zoseketsa zoseketsa komanso masaya a lalanje, zokumbukira tambala, wocheperako pang'ono.
Ma Corellas amakumananso, amaphunzira zanzeru mosavuta, koma sangathe kutsata zokambirana ngati mabulogu, koma mutha kuphunzira nawo mawu. Amayimba muluzi wapamwamba, koma akuwonetsa kusakhutira kwawo ndi china chake ndikulira.
Mapaketi
Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa chomanga khosi ngati khosi. Amuna okha ndi amene ali, akazi alibe. Naphala wam'miyendo amapezeka wobiriwira, wabuluu, wotuwa komanso wachikaso.
Izi zimbirizi ndizosazindikira pochoka, zanzeru kwambiri, zimatha kuyankhula, kuchita zinthu mosamala pakulankhulana, ndizosavuta kuwawopsa poyenda osasamala, pomwe ali okonda ufulu. Nthenga zamphongo zam'maso ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana. Mwachitsanzo, mbalamezi zikamayenda pachitunda kapena nthambi, zimagwiritsa ntchito mulomo ngati izi.
Parrot ya Rocky (Patagonian)
Ili ndiye paroti wokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi amakhala ku Chile, Argentina, kumwera kwa Uruguay. Mbalame zimakonda kukhala m'malo opanda anthu.
Makhalidwe apamtundu wa mtundu uwu ndi awa:
- thupi lili ndi maula ambiri okongola, omwe ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni wa azitona wokhala ndi mthunzi wa bulauni.
- Mapiko ndi mutu ulinso ndi mtundu wa bulauni wa maolivi, koma maonekedwe awo ndi obiriwira.
- utoto waukulu wam'mimba ndi wachikasu, pakati pali malo ofiira,
- dera lachifuwa ndi pakhosi ndi laimvi,
- Amuna ali ndi mikhalidwe yapadera - ali ndi mutu wawukulu zokulirapo, mulomo wokulirapo ndipo pamimba amakhala ndimawonekedwe owala lalanje.
Zojambula
Parrots ndi anthu okhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha kwambiri, motero mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imapezeka ku South America ndi Australia. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Green Continent, theka la mbalame zodziwika bwino zimakhala, makamaka zavy ndi corella. Amakhala momasuka kwambiri m'nkhalango, koma ali ponseponse: zipululu ndi mitengo, mapiri, mitsinje yamadzi.
Pakadali pano, asayansi amawerengera mitundu 88 padziko lapansi, koma kufalikira kwa madera ena am'malo otentha akuwonetsa kuti mndandandawo sunakwaniritsidwe.
Ngakhale pali zazikulu zazikulu, mapiko, mitundu ndi malo okhalamo, onsewa ndi ophatikizika chifukwa cha chidwi, chidwi chofuna kudziwa munthu komanso kufunitsitsa kuphunzira. Ndiomwe adayambitsa mgwirizano ndi Homo Sapiens.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhanira imatha kutchedwa "maluwa" abwino. The parrot yayikulupo, nthawi yochepera imakhala ndikuuluka mu vivo.
Mwachitsanzo, cockatoo amakonda kupanga mapulani ndikudumphira kunthambi kupita ku nthambi, kuyenda pamtengo pomwepo kholo lawo, Archeopteryx ("agogo" amitundu yonse yamakono yam mbalame).
Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 9 cm mpaka 1 mita. Ambiri mwa mamembala a gulu ali ndi utoto wowala: mitundu yotchuka ndi yachikaso ndi yobiriwira. Mawonekedwe awo ndi mulomo wochititsa chidwi, womwe kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi mulomo wa mbalame zodya nyama, umafunika pakuyenda komanso kupatsa thanzi.
Kuphatikiza apo kuti mbalame izi zimatha kubowola zipatso zolimba ndi milomo yawo, zimagwiritsanso ntchito pakukwera mitengo, mosamala kumamatira nthambi. Kuphatikiza apo, mdomo ndi kunyadira kwa amuna, mothandizidwa ndi iwo amawona ubale m'miyambo yamiyambo (yosakhala yankhanza komanso yofananira ndikumakumbukira). "Ma Savages" nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika, kuchoka malo odyetsa kupita kumalo atsopano kukagona.