Fossil wa ku Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus armatus) Kodi anapeza ndi G. Marsh mu 1877 kumpoto kwa tawuni ya Morrison, Colorado. Dzinali lidapangidwa ndi Marichi kuchokera ku mawu achi Greek στέγος (padenga) ndi σαῦροῦρ (buluzi), popeza paleontologist adaganiza kuti ma mbalewo anagona kumbuyo kwa dinosaur ndikupanga mtundu wa denga la gable. Poyamba, mitundu yambiri ya stegosaurs idafotokozedwa, yomwe kenako idaphatikizidwa kukhala itatu.

Marsh ankaona Stegosaurus zoyenda yekha ndi miyendo iwiri, monga forelimbs anali wamfupi kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo. Komabe, kale mu 1891, atayamika thupi lidayala, adasintha malingaliro ake.

Kufotokozera

Stegosaurs anali oyimilira akuluakulu a infraorder awo, omwe amaphatikizanso mtundu Kentrosaurus ndi Huayangosaurus. Kutalika kwawo kunali mikono 9 (S. armatus), Kutalika - 4 metres. Ubongo wa a dinosaur sunalinso waukulu kuposa wa galu: nyama yokhala ndi masekeli 4.5, ubongo wake umalemera magalamu 80 okha.

"Chachiwiri Brain"

Atazipeza, Marsh adaganizira kukula kwa chida chamchiberekero, chomwe, ngati chimakhala ndi chingwe cha msana, chikadakhala ndi minyewa yambiri kuwirikiza ka 20 kuposa bokosi lamkati. Izi zidabweretsa lingaliro lodziwika bwino loti "stegosaurus" inali ndi "wachiwiri" kapena "kumbuyo", komwe kumatha kutenga zinthu zambiri, ndikuchepetsa katundu pa ubongo. Palinso nkhambakamwa kuti "ubongo chachiwiri" akanapereka kuthandiza mutu pamene kuopsezedwa ndi adani. Zawonetsedwa pano kuti kuwonjezeraku (komwe kumapezekanso mu sauropods) kumatha kukhala ndi thupi la glycogen lomwe limapezeka mu mbalame zamakono. Cholinga chake sichikudziwika, amalingalira kuti chimapereka dongosolo lamanjenje ndi glycogen.

Mbale

Kumbuyo kwa stegosaurus kunali maulalo 17 amfupa, omwe sanali akunja kwa mafupa aliwonse a chigoba chamkati, koma amapezeka padera. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a paleontologists, a Robert Becker, akukhulupirira kuti ma mbale anali ogwiritsira ntchito ndipo amatha kusintha momwe angapangire. The mbale yaikulu anali miyeso 60x60 cm. Malo awo kalekale nkhani ya nkhani, koma tsopano asayansi wafika kugwirizana kuti mbale anapanga mizere iwiri pa nsana wa nyama, ndi mbale wa mzere umodzi kutsogolo kwa mipata kukula mu mzere wina.

Cholinga cha mapulatawo chimatsutsanabe. Poyamba ankati anali chitetezo chotsutsana ndi adani omwe anali pamwambapa, komabe matenthedwe anali osalimba ndipo anasiya mbaliyo osatetezeka. Kenako, lomwe mbale anali atagonjetsa ndi mitsempha ya magazi ndi nawo thermoregulation, ngati kupalasa dimetrodon ndi Spinosaurus Mwachitsanzo, makutu a njovu ano. Mapule amatha kukhala owopsa kwa owononga, kuwonjezera kukula kwa stegosaurus, kapena adagwira nawo ubale pakati pa mitundu: adawathandiza kuti azindikirane pakati pa mitundu yonse yazitsamba, ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera akukumana.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Pokhala ochulukitsa, ophatikiza ndi zakudya amasiyana mitundu yankhuku, yomwe imakhala ndi dzino loyenera kutafuna chakudya, komanso nsagwada, kuwalola kuyenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Little mano Stegosaurus sanali anaikira kugunda ndi mzake pa kutafuna, pamene nsagwada angachititse yekha mu njira imodzi.

Komabe, ma stegosaurs anali mtundu wopambana kwambiri komanso wamba. Akatswiri a Paleontologists amati amatha kumeza miyala yomwe imakata chakudya m'mimba, chifukwa mbalame zambiri ndi ng'ona zikulandila.

Komanso, pali malingaliro awiri mmene kutalika kwa Stegosaurus foraging. Pafupifupi kukhala ndi miyendo 4, ankadya mozungulira masamba okula kutalika kwa mita 1, kapena kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kenako amafikira kutalika kwa mita 6.

Mawonekedwe

Stegosaurus sanathe kungoganiza chabe osati ndi fupa la "mohawk" lokongoletsa kaphiriko, komanso ndi mawonekedwe osazindikira - mutuwo unasokonekera motsutsana ndi thupi lalikulu. Small mutu ndi zisonga kuipanikiza atakhala pa khosi yaitali ndi waufupi, zibwano yaikulu inatha mu tentha mthupi mulomo. Mkamwa mkamwa mwake mudali mzere umodzi wamano ogwira ntchito mwachangu, omwe, monga momwe adagwirizidwira, adasinthira ena omwe anali ozama mkatikati mwa kamwa.

Mawonekedwe a mano adatsimikizira mtundu wa zokonda zam'maso - zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Wamphamvu ndi waufupi forelimbs ndi 5 zala, monga kuyenera kunsana atatu toed. Kuphatikiza apo, miyendo yakumbuyo inali yowoneka bwino komanso yolimba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti stegosaurus imatha kuwuka ndikupuma pa iwo podyetsa. Mchirawo unali wokongoletsedwa ndi ma spikes akuluakulu akulu a 0.60-0.9 m.

Makulidwe Stegosaurus

The stegosaurus infraorder, pamodzi ndi denga lokha, limaphatikizapo centrosaur ndi hesperosaurus, lofanana ndi loyamba mu morphology ndi physiology, koma otsika kukula. Stegosaurus wamkulu anakula mpaka 79 m m'litali ndi mpaka 4 m (palimodzi ndi mbale) kutalika ndi unyinji wa pafupifupi matani 3-5.

Izi chilombo Mipikisano matani anali yopapatiza yaing'ono Chigaza, chigaza ndi wofanana ndi galu lalikulu, amene anaikidwa medulla masekeli 70 ga (monga mtedza chachikulu).

Zofunika! Ubongo wa stegosaurus umadziwika kuti ndiwung'ono kwambiri pakati pa ma dinosaurs onse, ngati tilingalira kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ubongo ndi thupi. Pulofesa C. Marsh, woyamba kupeza chithunzi chosasangalatsa chamtundu wina, adaganiza kuti opeka sangaoneke bwino ndi malingaliro awo, kudzidziwitsa okha kuti akhale ndi moyo wosalira zambiri.

Inde kwambiri maganizo kuti herbivores anali wopanda ntchito: Stegosaurus sanalembe mfundozo, koma fodya ameneyu amatafunidwa, akugona, mating ndi zina kumbuyo kwa adani. Zowona, kumenyanako kunafunikira luso laling'ono, ngakhale atakhala pamlingo wamatsenga, ndipo akatswiri opanga ma paleontologists adaganiza zothandizira ntchito imeneyi ku ubongo waukulu kwambiri.

Ma Stegosaurs

† Stegosaurus
Gulu la asayansi

• Diracodon Marsh 1881
• Hypsirhophus Cope 1878
• Hypsirophus Kupirira 1878
• Hysirophus kupirira 1878

• S. armatus marsh, 1877
• S. stenops Marsh, 1887
• S. ungulatus Marsh, 1879

stegosaurus (Lat. Stegosaurus - "wall-hanger") - mtundu wa ma dinosaurs a Late Jurassic herbivorous omwe adakhalako zaka 155 mpaka 145 miliyoni zapitazo (Kimmeridge tier). Muli mitundu itatu. Chifukwa spikes pa mchira ndi mbale Bony kumbuyo ena a zinyamazi kwambiri maonekedwe.

Kukula kwa Sacral

Marsh adazipeza m'chigawo cha pelvic ndipo adaganiza kuti zinalipo kuti minofu yayikulu ya ubongo wa stegosaurus inali yokhazikika, maulendo 20 kuposa ubongo. zokwiriridwa kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi Charles Marsh, yolumikiza gawo ili la chingwe msana (kuchotsedwa katundu mutu wake) ndi bongo wa Stegosaurus. Pambuyo pake, zidapezeka kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wokhazikika mu dera lachigawo amawonedwa mu sauropods ambiri, komanso mumipanda ya mbalame zamakono. Tsopano zikuwonetsedwa kuti m'chigawo ichi cha msana pali thupi la glycogen lomwe limapereka dongosolo lamanjenje ndi glycogen, koma silimbikitsa ntchito zamaganizidwe.

Kupezeka ndi kuphunzira

Fossil yoyamba yotsalira ya stegosaurus (Stegosaurus armatus) Kodi anapeza ndi G. Marsh mu 1877 kumpoto kwa tawuni ya Morrison, Colorado. Dzinali lidapangidwa ndi Greek Marichi. στέγος (padenga) ndi σαῦρος (buluzi), popeza paleontologist adaganiza kuti ma plates ali kumbuyo kwa dinosaur ndikupanga mtundu wa denga la gable. Choyamba anafotokoza mitundu ya Stegosaurus, amene kenako ophatikizidwa mu zitatu.

Marsh adakhulupirira kuti stegosaurus imangoyenda ndi miyendo iwiri yokha, chifukwa kutsogolo kwake kunali kochepa kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Komabe, kale mu 1891, atayamika thupi lidayala, adasintha malingaliro ake.

Moyo, machitidwe

Ena akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti Stegosaurus nyama chikhalidwe ndi moyo m'chigulu ena (kunena za kufalitsa zotsalira) kunena krysheyaschery kumeneko yekha. Poyamba, Pulofesa Marsh adanena kuti ma dingosa opanga ndi opepuka chifukwa choti miyendo yakumbuyo ya buluyo inali yolimba komanso pafupifupi kawiri konse kuposa yakutsogolo.

Izi ndizosangalatsa! Kenako Marsh anasiya izi, ndikutsamira ku lingaliro linanso - oyimbira, inde, anayenda ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kwakanthawi, komwe kunapangitsa kuchepa kwamiyendo yakutsogolo, koma pambuyo pake anagwiranso miyendo yonse inayi.

Kupita miyendo inayi, Stegosaurus, ngati n'koyenera, tsonga kumbuyo kuswa masamba pa nthambi apamwamba. Akatswiri ena a sayansi amakhulupirira kuti ma stegosaurs omwe analibe ubongo wophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kudziponyera chamoyo chilichonse chomwe chinagwera m'maso mwawo.

Mwachidziwikire, ornithosaurs (dryosaurs ndi otnielia) adayendayenda kumbuyo kwawo, omwe amadya tizilombo osaphwanyika ndi stegosaurs mosazindikira. Ndipo kachiwiri pa mbale - iwo akhoza awawopsyeze kutali zolusa (zowoneka kuwonjezeka Stegosaurus), ntchito pachibwenzi kapena kungoti kuzindikira anthu a mtundu wawo, mwa zinyamazi ena zamiyendo Inayi.

Ubongo wa Sacral

Atazipeza, Marsh adaganizira zokulitsa kufalikira kwa msana m'thiti, yomwe, ikadakhala ndi chingwe cha msana, ikhoza kukhala ndi minyewa yambiri kuposa ma cranium. Izi zapangitsa kuti zikamera wa lingaliro odziwika kuti Stegosaurus ndi "chachiwiri" kapena "kumbuyo" ubongo, amene akanakhoza kutenga pa kukhazikitsa bongo ambiri, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa ubongo. Palinso lingaliro loti "ubongo wachiwiri" ungathe kuthandizira mutu ngati ukuopsezedwa ndi adani. Zawonetsedwa pano kuti kuwonjezeraku (komwe kumapezekanso mu sauropods) kumatha kukhala ndi thupi la glycogen lomwe limapezeka mu mbalame zamakono. cholinga chake ndi osadziwika, akukhulupirira kuti lili wamanjenje dongosolo ndi glycogen.

Pezani Mbiri

• Mu 1877, Otniel Charles Marsh adabweretsa dziko la paleontology kuyimilira kwatsopano kwa zolengedwa zakale - the stegosaurus. Fosses, koyambirira komwe kunalakwika chifukwa cha zotsalira za kamba, amapezeka ku Colorado. Wasayansi anafotokoza buluzi pansi pa amati ndi Stegosaurus armatus, mbali anatomical amene anamaliza paleontologist, zochokera zidutswa za mafupa ndi mbale.
• Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, paleontologist adawonetsa kukonzanso kwa S. ungulatus, potengera zomwe zidapezeka pafupi ndi mafupa. Koma chifukwa cha zigawo zomwe zikusowapo, lingaliro laomwe lidalipobe.
• Stegosaurus thunthu ndikusinthidwa pambuyo kutsegula mu 2003 zotsalira bwino anasunga wa S. stenops. Fossils adapezeka ndi Bob Simon, driver wa bulldozer mu Red Canyon, Wyoming. Ichi ndiye chigoba chonse cha stegosaurus chopezeka (85% cha mafupa omwe adapezeka): ma plates 18, minyewa 4 ya caudal, msana, wobalalika koma osungidwa kwathunthu, yomwe inali ndi mano 32, idapezeka. Kenako, chitsanzo kusunga pansi pa moniker a "Sophie". Zitsanzozi zidafotokozedwa mu magazini ya zasayansi PLOS, mu Okutobala 2015.
• Mu 2005, Sergei Krasnolutsky wasayansi ya paleont anapeza mapesi a stegosaurus ku Siberia. Unayambira mafupa zaka mamilioni kugona miyala ya malasha mu Sharypovo District, Krasnoyarsk Gawo. Zinatengera asayansi zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi zitatu kuti abwezeretse ndikufotokozera mtunduwu.

Mitundu ya Stegosaurs

Mu paleontology, pali atatu ambiri amaona mitundu ya Stegosaurus:

• armatus, ofotokozedwa ndi zidutswa zapafupipafupi za anthu pafupifupi 30.
• ungulatus, yemwe adayikidwa ngati taxon mu vertebrae payokha ndi mbale.
• stenops, anapatsa lonse kwambiri mbali kuzindikira mtundu stegozavrovyh.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, akatswiri a ma paleont afotokozeranso nthumwi zina zamtunduwu, zomwe masiku ano sazindikirika kapena kukayikira. Kusiyanaku kunachitika chifukwa cha zidutswa za mafupa osawoneka bwino, omwe pambuyo pake adaleka kupezekanso. Mu gulu ili ndi:

• duplex, S. affinis, S. seeleyanus ndi S. sulcatus (woonedwa ndi 19 centuryontology ngati mtundu wa S. armatus),
• madagascariensis (ofotokozedwa ndi tsamba limodzi la mano, ofufuza ambiri amalakwitsa pa ankylosaurus),
• longispinus (chifukwa cha kusowa atulukira zina a mafupa amenewa, zokwiriridwa amatchula Alcovasaurus dinosaur mtundu).

Nthawi zambiri amadziwika

• Stegosaurus armatus - woyamba view lotseguka, amadziwika mafupa awiri tsankho zigaza awiri ndi mafupa ena a anthu osachepera 30. Inali ndi ma spikes anayi pamchira ndi maula pang'ono, mpaka kutalika kwa mita 9.
• Stegosaurus ungulatus - anafotokozedwa ndi Marsh mu 1879, malinga vertebrae angapo ndipo mbale opezeka Wyoming. komabe, zotsalira za stegosaurus zomwe zimapezeka ku Portugal ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mitunduyi.
• Stegosaurus stenops - anafotokozedwa ndi Marsh mu 1887 pa mafupawa ku State wa Colorado. Mafupa athunthu amtundu woyimira ndi zidutswa 50 zidapezeka. Zocheperako S. armatus, yomwe imangofikira mita 7, komabe, inali ndi ma sahani akuluakulu.

Kapangidwe ka mafupa a stegosaurus

Mu Stegosaurus poyerekeza ndi thupi chachikulu unali wautali ndi yopapatiza chigaza pafupifupi 45 masentimita m'litali. Malinga ndi kuponyera komwe kumangidwa ndi Marsh m'ma 1880s, zidapezeka kuti ubongo wamtunduwu sunapitili g 3. Nsagwada zokhala ndi mzere umodzi wamano yaying'ono zidatha ndi mulomo wamiyendo.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma stegosaurs ndi ma waya am'mphepete kumbuyo. The zamoyo zinachita chitukuko zapoizoni wakale zinachititsa kuti osteoderms chitukuko Stegosaurus. Izi ndi miyala yamipangidwe yamapuleti, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera mamba opepuka. Mbale zake zinafika masentimita 60 m'lifupi ndi kutalika, zomwe zinali pamwamba pa gawo la chikazi. Bone mbale imakonzedwa kufanana kwa wina ndi mnzake m'njira movutikira. Pakatikati pa ma mbale panali mapangidwe a mafupa, pomwe panali maukonde amitsempha yamagazi. Cholinga chawo sichinafotokozedwebe. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ankafuna kuti thermoregulation. Ena amawatanthauzira ngati chida chogawirira zilombo kapena ziwonetsero panthawi yakukhwima.

M'malire a stegosaurs amtundu wamtundu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya vertebrae inalipo, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chinali m'dera lachiphalaphala. M'dera sacral muli zachilendo cerebrospinal thickening. Izi zidapangitsa kuti lingaliro lachiwiri la kukhalapo kwa ubongo wachiwiri, lomwe lidawonjezera ntchito zaubongo likuwopsezedwa ndi omwe amadyera. Ma spikes awiri, omwe amakula kuchokera kumapeto kwa mchira, amafikira mita imodzi mwa akulu. miyendo yakumbuyo anali zitatu zala lalifupi, kutsogolo - zisanu.

Kusuntha

Ma Stegosaurs amayenda ndi miyendo inayi, mutuwo unali pansi pa thupi. Chifukwa imeneyi anali pamaso pa amakakamizidwa miyendo chachikulu kunsana kuti anali yaitali ndi bulkier kutsogolo chifukwa cha dongosolo fupa (femur olumpha kutalika kwa tibia ndi fibula). Mchirawo unali pamwamba pamlingo wozungulira.

Mitundu yokayikira komanso yosadziwika

• Stegosaurus sulcatus - zofotokozedwa ndi Marsh mu 1887 pa mafupa osakwanira. Pamodzi ndi Stegosaurus duplex dzina la mtunduwu tsopano limamuwona ngati wofanana S. armatus.
• Stegosaurus seeleyanus - oyitanira koyambirira HypsirophusMwina mooneka ngati S. armatus
• Stegosaurus (Diracodon) ma laticeps - yodziwika ndi zidutswa za nsagwada zopezeka ndi Marsh mu 1881. kachiwiri S. laticeps Becker adalongosola mu 1986, ngakhale ananena kuti zomwe adapeza sizikudziwika ndipo sizizindikirika ndi S. stenops. Poyambirira S. laticeps Anapatsidwa kwa mtundu utsogoleri Diracodon, nthawi zina amaphatikiza ndi S. stenops. Pakadali pano, asayansi ambiri Diracodon si kuoneka, nthumwi zake amatengedwa kuti Stegosaurus.
• Stegosaurus longispinus - Yofotokozedwa ndi Charles Gilmore pa mafupa amodzi osakwanira ochokera ku Wyoming. Monga mkulu monga mamita 7, koma ndinali ndi minga yaitali. Ofufuza ena amagwirizana ndi mtundu Alcovasaurus.
• Stegosaurus affinis - anafotokozedwa ndi Marsh mu 1881 pa anapeza mafupa a chiuno ndi. atulukira Komanso namtsata. Mwina mtundu womwewo kuti S. armatus.
• «Stegosaurus» madagascariensis - amadziwika ndi anapeza m'chaka cha 1926 mano Madagascar. Iwo Komabe, ofufuza osiyana amanena Ankylosaurus ndipo ngakhale ng'ona.
• «Stegosaurus» marshi - anafotokozedwa ndi Lucas mu 1901, mu 1902 mu mtundu osiyana Hoplitosaurus.
• «Stegosaurus» priscus - anapeza mu 1911, tsopano olekanitsidwa mu mtundu osiyana Loricatosaurus.

Achibale apafupi

Stegosaurus m'banja kuphatikizapo oimira ena awiri stegozavrid:

• Tuojiangosaurus. Tidaonera mu chigawo Sichuan China. North America Stegosaurs ankaona zofanana, koma ndi kusiyana kwambiri kulemera kwa thupi ndi kukhalapo kwa spikes onse atatu mchira.
• Kentrosaurus. Mafupa amene anapezeka wamakono Tanzania. Iye anali mbali yowala kunja. Kuyambira mutu kumbuyo kwa kukula mbale choteteza pakati pa thupi nsonga ya mchira awiriawiri anakonza spikes, spikes awiri ali pa mapewa a nyama.

Relations ndi anansi

Veli wochezeka moyo. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mapazi unayambira wa zinyamazi ndi ana anapeza Mateyu Mossbryukerom mu Colorado. gulu inali kuyendayenda mu njira imodzi, akulu atazungulira pang'ono.

Spikes kwa stegosaurus, osati kokha zida kumbuyo kwa zinyamazi zimadya. Ndi iwo, amuna anali kumenyera ufulu nacho wamkazi.

Kuchulukitsa

kukhazikitsanso mitundu S. ungulatus

Stegosaurus ndi mmene mbadwa stegozavridy banja monga mbali ya stegozavriny subfamily. Stegozavridy - wina mabanja awiri monga mbali ya infraorder Stegosaurus, membala wa gulu ndi wachibale wa ankylosaur thyreophora.

Pansipa wapatsidwa cladogram kusonyeza udindo waukulu Stegosaurus mu 2009.

Spiny zinyamazi: Stegosaurus

Asayansi amanena kuti thupi anapezeka malasha buluzi chidafundidwa ndi mbale zolimba-koyenera kuteteza, ndi kufanizira ndi nyama wazikang'a. Choncho dzina buluzi.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti mbale anaikidwa pa thupi nyama, ngati matailosi padenga.

Stegosaurus (balati. Stegosaurus)

Patapita kuti zachilendo fupa pulatinamu pabwino mizere iwiri pamodzi msana wa dinosaur zamiyendo Inayi kuyambira pakhosi ndi mchira. Monga izo zinali mbale wabwino wachibale wina ndi mnzake kuti tipeze pa mphindi sikutheka, koma amadziwika kuti panali 17.

Mabwinja a stegosaurus waukulu anapezeka Gofoniilom Charles Marsh, katswiri wa paleontology mu 1877, amene anapereka dzina mitundu ya nyama. apeza kutalika anali za mamita 8 ndi kulemera kwa mozungulira 2 tonny.Po malasha mafupa msana anali fupa mbale, amene apamwamba zaka 76 masentimita yaitali. spikes anali kokha pa mapeto a mchira.

Kumapeto kwa mchira anali stegosaurus spikes.

Stegosaurus anali wosiyana onse kale anapeza dinosaur ndi spikes. Mwachitsanzo, zopezeka mu Africa East kentrosaurus mbale fupa anakafika pamodzi msana, asamukira spikes pa mchira. Mu dacentrurus zopezeka mu Europe, mmbuyo ndi mchira anali minga yekha.

Ngakhale kuti asayansi-zokwiriridwa sizinafike kuuzidwa, chifukwa zolinga anali Bony mbale pa Stegosaurus thupi bwinobwino ndi chakuti Stegosaurus ndi ena "Spiked" abuluzi, pokhala herbivores, anakakamizika kudziteteza kwa adani awo.

Zamiyendo Inayi stegosaurus zina agwire wa zinyamazi zimadya.

Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti yankho la funso za cholinga cha mbale ndi spikes ayenera anafuna mu mawonekedwe a moyo chiphona.
Bone mbale pamodzi msana Stegosaurs anali nako kuwala ndi porous kapangidwe ndi nkomwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito chitetezo yogwira zilombo zolusa. Koma spines koopsa mchira wa nyama akhoza bwino kutsogolera mdani. Anatenga spiked mchira, stegosaurus anali owononga kwa adani ake.

Wina kusankhidwa ananena mbale, - Kutenga m'kati thermoregulation nyama. zophuka Bone akhoza ataphimbidwa ndi khungu ndi thandizo dinosaur zonse kutentha thupi.

Mu Stegosaurus anali tentha mthupi mulomo.

Stegosaurus mutu, monga zimphona ena zamiyendo Inayi, anali ochepa. nyama chigaza inatha otchedwa "mlomo", amene anadzazidwa ndi mano yaing'ono, anaikira kutafuna mphukira zofewa zomera ndi zitsamba. Alibe khosi yaitali, Stegosaurus ankafunika kudzuka pa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kufika masamba wachifundo.

Mbali khalidwe la zamasamba "spiked" anali amazipanga yaing'ono ubongo. Choncho, stegosaurus kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 9 mamita ndi kutalika kwa 4 m., Anali mwini wa ubongo ngati galu wamng'ono.

Stegosaurus mafupa.

Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti zamiyendo Inayi zinyamazi ankakhala ndithu nthawi yaitali mu kasinthidwe a Dziko Lapansi, ngati ubongo buku zinali zokwanira, chifukwa iwo anali kutetezedwa ndi spines awo. Professor Otiniyeli Marsh, amene anayamba kuphunzira mafupa a Stegosaurus, ndi chodabwitsa anati: "A kukula kochepa kwambiri ka mutu ndi ubongo amati chokwawa anali nyama opusa ndi wosakwiya ..." Kuyambira pamenepo, ozika mizu ndendende izi chiphunzitso cha zinyamazi, amene n'chimodzimodzi ndi kupusa wandiweyani.

Komabe, zokwiriridwa anapeza M'mimbamo lina likulu. Inali mu msana m'chuuno cha nyama. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi thickening mwachitsanzo "Ubongo Chachiwiri" akutumikira kulamulira gawo zapambuyo thupi ndi mchira wa dinosaur a. Panthawi nyama peresenti ndi michira italiitali, pa malo omwewo pali thickening yokulirapo. Stegosaurus mchira ndi yaitali kuposa gulu lonse la nyama ndi kuchita ntchito zofunika kwambiri - kuteteza adani. Chifukwa likuomba mchira zofunika chabe bwino anayamba "malo kulamulira" pa chiyambi cha mchira.

Mkati mwa zinaphatikizidwa sacral vertebrae wa lamba m'chiuno, buku ubongo kuposa buku la ubongo nthawi 10-100.

M'mudzi pafupi ndi tauni ya Miragayya Lourinyu Portugal wantchito wa University Watsopano Lisbon Octavio Mateus anapezeka ziwalo za mafupa a nyama a mtundu Stegosaurus. Scientist aona mafupa a miyendo kutsogolo, msana ndipo mutu. Iye anaitana paleontological anatulukira mtundu wa Miragaia longicollum, kutanthauza "yaitali khosi ku Miragayi". Chinthu chapadera cha mafupa ake ndi khosi lalitali, kukula ndi yaitali kuposa anthu onse a mtundu uwu. Anapeza nyama zinali zosiyana onse "spiked" zinyamazi chiwerengero cha vertebrae khomo lachiberekero. Mu poyamba ankadziwika Stegosaurus anali 12-13 ndi Miragaia longicollum, - 17. Mbali imeneyi imapangitsa adzapeza Mwachitsanzo ngati Diplodocus ndi sauropod ena.

Stegosaurus mitundu Miragaia longicollum anali ndi khosi yaitali.

Malinga Mateus, onse zimaonetsa za mtundu kumene anapeza wa Miragaia longicollum, nkhani za kulekana zachilengedwe a Stegosaurus. Malinga ndi nkhani zopezeka linapangidwa kufotokoza sayansi woimira watsopano Stegosaurus. Kunena refutes lingaliro la Stegosaurus, monga nyama kuti anadyetsedwa otsika zomera chifukwa cha miyendo yake yochepa kutsogolo ndi waufupi khosi.

Miragaysky Mwachitsanzo wogwidwa khosi mamita 1.5-1.8, ndi 30% wa utali wonse wa nyama. Pa nthawi imeneyo, monga mwa mitundu Huayangosaurus, amene anakhala miliyoni 170. Zaka zapitazo, panali 9 yekha wa vertebrae khomo lachiberekero. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti yaitali khosi mtundu akhoza kuoneka mu ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa mtundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya ndi kukopa mwamuna.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Habitat, malo okhala

Pankhani kufalitsa a Stegosaurus monga ngati (osati yaikulu eponymous infraorder), kufika lonse North America. Ambiri a mafupa anapezeka limati monga:

zotsalira zinatha nyama anabalalikira m'madera ambiri komwe masiku United States tsopano, koma ena mitundu ofanana apezeka Africa Europe ndi ku Asia. Mu masiku oyambirira amenewo a North America wakhala malo kwa zinyamazi: mu wandiweyani nkhalango zotentha zambiri herbaceous Mumapezekanso, cycads ndi Ginkgo zomera (kwambiri amatikumbutsa kanjedza amakono).

Zakudya Stegosaurus

Krysheyaschery anali ophiphiritsa a zinyamazi zamiyendo Inayi, koma kumva defectiveness ena ornithischian kuti anali nsagwada anasamukira ku ndege osiyana, ndi malo a mano, anaikira kutafuna zomera. Stegosaurus nsagwada anasunthira malangizo limodzi, ndipo mano yaing'ono sanali makamaka yosayenera kutafuna.

The zakudya inkakhala Stegosaurus:

Izi ndizosangalatsa! Panali 2 njira Stegosaurus foraging kapena kudya otsika kukula (pa kutalika mutu) masamba / mphukira, kapena nditaima pa miyendo yake kunsana kufika pamwamba (pa msinkhu wa ku mamita 6) nthambi.

Kusiya masamba, Stegosaurus mwaluso ankasonyeza ake tentha mthupi mlomo wamphamvu monga iye akanakhoza kutafuna ndi zitsamba namzeze, natumiza zambiri m'mimba, kumene ntchito analowa gastroliths.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Zikuonekeratu kuti masewera a m'banja Stegosaurus palibe amene anali kuyang'anira - akatswiri pokhapokha zingakhale krysheyaschery akhoza kupitiriza mtundu wake. Nyengo yofunda, malinga ndi asayansi, woyanjidwa pafupifupi kuswana chaka chonse, amene monzama lifanane ndi kubalana zapoizoni ano. Amuna kumenyera malo a akazi, olimbika yothetsera mavuto, kufika brawl wamagazi, imene ofuna onse analandira anavulala kwambiri.

Wopambana Umapeza ufulu amamuchitira. Mkazi umuna amaikira mazira Patapita nthawi mu dzenje chisanadze anakumba, mudzaze ndi mchenga ndi masamba. Zomangamanga oyendera dzuwa lotentha, ndipo potsiriza kuwala aswa ting'onoting'ono Stegosaurus, mwamsanga kupeza kutalika ndi kulemera mwamsanga agwirizane kholo katundu. Wachikulirepo inkatetezedwa ndi kuphimba ndi zinthu zoopsa kunja pakati pa ziweto.

Adani achilengedwe

Pa Stegosaurus, makamaka achinyamata ndi ofooka, ndi ankasakidwa zinyamazi izi zimadya, amene anali kulimbana kumbuyo kwa mitundu iwiri iwiri ya spikes mchira.

Izi ndizosangalatsa! Kusindikiza ntchito studs 2 anatsimikizira mfundo: pafupifupi 10% anapezeka Stegosaurs lomveka mchira choipa, ndi fupa / Allosaurus vertebrae mabowo ambiri anati, imodzimodzi ndi spikes awiri stegosaurus.

Monga zokwiriridwa munthu amaganiziridwa Stegosaurs kuteteza zilombo zolusa komanso anathandiza nsana wake opangidwa mbale.

Komabe, yotsirizira sanali pacimake, ndipo anasiya mbali lotseguka, koma tyrannosaurs unsophisticated, powona mapanelo oumbidwa, osazengereza anakumba mu iwo. Ngakhale ogwirira kuyesera osokoneza pansi pa zipangizo, Stegosaurus anatenga mochititsa kumbuyo, miyendo yake amatangaza ndiponso kusangalala mchira wake spiked.

Komanso chidwi:

Ngati kukwera anamulasa thupi la linkawonongeka kapena anavulazidwa mdani anabwerera ignominiously, ndi Stegosaurus anapitiriza ulendo wake. Ndi zotheka kuti mbale, wodzazidwa ndi mitsempha ya magazi panthawi ina apoplectic mwadzidzidzi ndi kukhala wofanana ndi lawi a. Adani kuopa moto nkhalango, napulumuka. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti fupa mbale Stegosaurus anali multifunctional, kuyambira Chili ntchito zosiyanasiyana.