Palibe kukayika pakuwona nyama izi - musanakhale mbawala. koma chifukwa chocheperako? Kulemera kwake sikuposa 60kg, ndipo kutalika kwake kufota kufikira 70-80cm!
Ndiwosavuta, chifukwa si wengwe yosavuta - ndi Roe nswala - Woimira pang'ono komanso wapamwamba wa banja la agwape.
Kodi roe amadya chiyani?
Idyani roe zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, komanso ma acorn omwe amapezeka m'mphepete. Ya bowa, okonda ndi uchi agarics amakonda kwambiri, ndipo zipatso - lingonberries, mabulosi abulosi ndi sitiroberi. Komanso, sangasiye mosses ndi kukula kwa mitengo.
Masamba, nthambi ndi masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba amadyedwa, koma osowa kwambiri, ndipo msondodzi, birch, thundu, mapulo, hazel ndi raspberries. Nthawi yachisanu ikadzafika, Roe agulu amakakamizidwa kudya singano mitengo ya paini amathanso kukumba chisanu ndi ziboda zawo, kupeza masamba owuma, ivy, akavalo ndi ma acorn pansi pake.
Roe nswala nyama zausiku - zimadya usiku ndi m'bandakucha.
Kubalana
Roe agulu, mosiyana ndi agwape ena, amakonda kukhala pawokha ndikupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono ngati kuli kofunikira.
Monga lamulo, m'chilimwe, magulu am'banja la mayi ndi agulu awiri amapangidwa, amuna ndi akazi opanda ana amasiyidwa. Mphamvu yozizira yozizira imasenda magulu ang'onoang'ono - ndizosavuta kupulumuka chisanu ndi njala.
Nthawi yakukhwima imagwera miyezi yotentha komanso chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. Amuna amalira mokweza mawu omwe amakopa akazi, ndikung'amba ndi kumwaza nthaka ndi masamba ndi nyanga zawo, kumenyana pakati pawo, kupeza kuti ndi wamphamvu ndani. Wamphongo wamphamvu kwambiri adzalandira ufulu wokhala mwamuna wabanja ndikupanga chisoni chake.
Nthawi ya phukusi ku Roe deer ndi kuyambira miyezi isanu mpaka 10, zonse zimatengera nthawi yomwe kukhwatikaku kunachitika.
Ngati matani adayamba kugwa, pambuyo pa miyezi isanu, mchaka chamapeto, abulu awiri ang'ono amabadwa.
Koma ngati mai ali ndi pakati nthawi yachilimwe, osati kumapeto, mimba imakhala ndi nthawi yopuma - mtundu wa "kupuma" pamene mwana wakhanda asiya kubereka - kenako mimba imatenga miyezi 10 mpaka chilimwe chotsatira.
Roe deer - iyi ndi mtundu wokhawokha womwe umakhala ndi nthawi yapakati yoyembekezera, ndikofunikira kuti ana asadzabadwe nthawi yozizira, pomwe kusowa kwa chakudya ndi kuzizira kumawachititsa kuti afe msanga.
Pafupifupi, abulu awiri amabadwa ku Roe deer; ana amabadwa mu Epulo-Julayi. Ali ndi khungu lowoneka bwino ndipo amatha kuyenda ndipo amatha kuthamanga nthawi yomweyo, koma adakali ofooka kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwera mosavuta m'manja mwa olusa, chifukwa chake amakhala masiku oyamba amoyo, kumwa mkaka wa amayi, kukula ndi kupeza mphamvu.
M'chilimwe chonse, ana amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo, makanda amakhala akuluakulu chaka chamawa, azaka za miyezi 14-16.
Nthawi yayitali ya Roe ndi zaka 10, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zaka 15.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a roe deer
Roe nswala (Latin Capreolus) - chinyama cha banja la agwape, kalasi ya zinyama, gulu la artiodactyls. Mayina ena - roe, mbuzi yakuthengo. Izi ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono zachisomo. Ili ndi thupi lalifupi lokhala ndi chopendekera komanso chotsikirako poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo.
Kulemera kwamphongo kwamphongo kumayambira 22 mpaka 32 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira pa 108 kufika pa 125 cm, kutalika kwake kufota kumayambira pa 65 mpaka 80 cm. Maonekedwe ndiwofanana ndi deware.
Mutu uli ndi waufupi, wogwira kuchokera kumakutu mpaka mphuno, makutu amakhala otupa ndipo amaloza kumapeto, maso ndi ochulukirapo komanso opaka, ophunzirawo amatchetcha pang'ono, ali ndi khosi lalitali, miyendo ndi yocheperapo, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyotalika pang'ono kuposa yakutsogolo, ziboda zazing'ono, mchira ndi wocheperako. Mutha kuwona bwino chithunzi cha roe deer.
Amuna nyanga nyanga nthambi zazing'ono zomwe zimakula pafupifupi. Kutalika kwake kumayambira 15 mpaka 30 cm komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Ali ndi nthambi zitatu, zomwe pakati zimakonda kupita kutsogolo. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono a roe, nyanga zimayamba kukula m'mwezi wa 4 wa moyo, ndikupanga bwino m'miyezi yachitatu ya moyo. Zachikazi sizimakula nyanga.
Akuluakulu onse amakhala ndi chovala cha monochromatic, koma amasintha malinga ndi nyengo: nthawi yotentha imakhala yofiyira, kuzizira kumayera bulauni. Dera la mchira limakongoletsedwa ndi malo ochepa a utoto woyera.
Makanda obadwa kumene ali ndi tsitsi. Izi zimawathandiza kubisala pakati pamasamba obiriwira. Pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, mtunduwo umayamba kukhala wofanana ndi akuluakulu ndipo mawanga amachoka.
Pali mitundu isanu ya ngulu zapakhosi. Kukula kochepa kwambiri kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe aku Europe (kutalika 1 - 1.35 m, kulemera kwa 20 - 35 makilogalamu, kutalika 0,75 - 0.9 m), Asia - sing'anga kukula, Siberian - wamkulu kwambiri (pafupifupi kutalika 1.5 m, kulemera kwa makilogalamu 50).
Roe Habitat
Kwakukulu khola malo okhalamo ili ku Europe. Ma Habitats amayambira pakati pa Scandinavia mpaka ku Gulf of Finland. Komanso nyamayi imatha kupezeka m'maiko a Asia Little, ku Iran, Iraq, Caucasus, kumapeto kwa Crimea. Malire a madera omwe chilengedwe chimadutsa ku Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet ndi mayiko ena.
Nthawi zambiri, malo osakira nkhalango amasankhidwa kuti azikhala, makamaka malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi zigwa. Komanso, zimatha kukhala zonse zodziyanika (koma pakubala kowoneka bwino), komanso m'nkhalango zowola. Mitundu ina imamva bwino m'mapiri a ku Central Asia. M'madera omwe amapezeka kuti stepep, mulibe chipululu kapena chipululu.
Amakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala chaka chonse. Anthu pawokhapawokha amakhala m'magulu ochepa ndipo amakhala kudera lina. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira kwambiri, gululo silimakhala malo opitilira ma 2 ha. M'dzinja ndi masika, musamuke mtunda wautali wa 20 km.
Mukugwa, amakonda kupita kumadera komwe kulibe chipale chofewa komanso kudya zakudya zambiri. Ndi kutentha kwa masika, akusunthira kumalo a msipu wa chilimwe. M'nyengo yachilimwe yambiri, msipu umakhala nthawi yabwino masana, ndipo kutentha kumatha kusefukira - amagona mu udzu kapena tchire.
M'chilimwe, munthu aliyense amatenga mbali pang'ono ndi enawo, kuteteza gawo lake. Nthawi yakukhwima ikatha, amathamangira m'gulu lodziwika bwino lomwe limasiyanasiyana 30 mpaka 100. Gulu lotere limakhala pachikhalidwe cha mahekitala 1000.
Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonjezeka m'malo ena kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera: mdera la pritazhnoy, munthu m'modzi pa 1000 ha amagwa, m'nkhalango zosakanizika kuyambira 30 mpaka 60, m'nkhalangomo - kuchokera pamitu 50 mpaka 120.
Kuberekanso kwa Roe Deer ndi Kutalika Kwa Moyo
Roe agulu amathamangira nthawi yotentha, amakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu (kuyambira Juni mpaka August, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka Seputembala). Mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu ya ku Europe, kuyamba kwa njere kumachitika mu June, kwinaku Wogwirira ntchito ku Siberia - ndiye pakati pa Ogasiti.
Chiyambacho chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana kutalika kwa ng'ombe. Komanso kutali kuchokera kummawa kupita kumadzulo komanso kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, koyambirira pofika tsiku zonse zimayamba. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za nthawi yayitali ya mitundu ya ku Austria: madera otsika - Julayi 20 - Ogasiti 7, kumapiri - Juni 25 - Ogasiti 15, m'mapiri - Ogasiti 3 - Ogasiti 20. Mwa akazi ochepa kwambiri, estrus amayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Seputembara - Disembala).
Munthawi imeneyi, nyamazo sizisamala, ndipo anyani amphongo pafupifupi amasiya kudya ndikuthamangitsa zazikazi. Malingaliro awo pa akazi ndiwankhanza kwambiri - amatha kugunda ndi nyanga. Poyamba, kuthamanga kumachitika mozungulira mainchesi akulu, motalikirapo - ang'onoang'ono mainchesi.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, kuthamangitsaku kumachitika pafupi ndi mtengo, chitsamba kapena dzenje, ndipo mawonekedwe oyenda amakhala ngati chithunzi-eyiti kapena ozungulira kuchokera pa 1.5 mpaka 6 metres. Kenako chachikazi chimasiya kuthamanga, champhongocho chimapanga zokhoma zingapo. Kenako nyamazo zimapuma.
Mwachilengedwe, kuthengo, nthawi zambiri amuna amathamangitsa mzimayi m'modzi, ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri. Ndipo mosinthanitsa - wamwamuna mmodzi amayendetsa wamkazi m'modzi, mochuluka kwambiri - zochulukirapo. Ngakhale mu nthawi imodzi yophukira amatha kumeza feteleza mpaka akazi asanu ndi mmodzi. Mahinji awiri atatu a roe samapanga.
Nyama izi ndi zokhazokha zopanda ungwiro zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yobisika (yobisika) yaimayi - kuchedwa kwakanthawi kakhazikitsidwa dzira lakumana ndi umuna. Abambo a roe omwe adakhala ndi pakati kumapeto sakhala ndi nthawi yopuma. Nthawi yapakati, nyama zimasamala mosamala kwambiri.
Nthawi ya bere imatenga miyezi 6 mpaka 10, koma pafupifupi 40 milungu. Mbuzi ku Europe, Crimea ndi Caucasus, ana amabadwa kumapeto kwa chirimwe - koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mbuzi imodzi kapena ziwiri zimabadwa nthawi, nthawi zina zitatu kapena zinayi.
Nthawi yobadwa imasinthidwa kukhala masiku amtsogolo kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto komanso kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa. Asanakhale ndi pakati (pafupifupi mwezi umodzi), agwape amakhala ndi malo ena komwe amakonzekera kubereka ndi kuthamangitsa anthu ena.
Nthawi zambiri, zimakonda kukondedwa m'malo omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'nkhalango zamtchire kapena udzu, momwe mumatha kubisala komanso chakudya chochuluka. Nthawi zambiri kubereka kumachitika masana komanso pamalo amodzimodzi chaka ndi chaka.
Roe, wobadwa, amakhala zitsamba pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Popeza alibe thandizo, mayi sapita patali. Pakatha sabata, ana amayamba kutsata amayi awo, ndipo atatha awiri - sanamusiye.
Amayamwa mkaka mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi itatu, ngakhale amayamba kudya udzu kuyambira mwezi woyamba. Kumapeto kwa rut (munthawi yake, khalani patali kuti munthu wamkwiyo asavulaze kapena kupha) amatsata amayi awo mpaka nthawi ya masika.
Chakudya cha agwape
Munthawi ya nthawi yopanda chipale chofewa, chophatikizira chachikulu m'zakudya za roe deer ndi mbewu za herbaceous. Ndi isanayambike nyengo yotentha komanso chipale chofewa, mphukira za tchire zimawonjezeredwa, nthawi zambiri - mphukira za paini kapena zonyoza.
Amakonda zipatso (phulusa laphiri, viburnum, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, ma buliberries, ma buliberries, lingonberry ndi ena ambiri), ndipo osanyalanyaza bowa. Amatha kusankha maapulo, ngati alipo, kapena kudya rowan.
M'miyezi yotentha, amafunika kulemeretsa zakudya ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, amapita ku solonetzes, omwe amapangidwa mwachilengedwe komanso opanga. Nthawi zambiri solonetz imachitika kangapo pachaka: Epulo-Meyi, Julayi, isanachitike kapena itatha, Seputembara mpaka Okutobala.
Mukumva zovuta kwambiri khwangwala wosaka nthawi yoziziramakamaka mu theka lachiwiri. Pakadali pano, amadya udzu womwe umawoneka pamwamba pachivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, amatha kuthyola chipale chofewa ndikudya udzu womwe umayamba kuchepera.
Kapenanso akufuna malo omwe akuwombedwa ndi mphepo (pafupi ndi miyala ndi miyala). Ngati chipale chofewa chikakhala chambiri komanso chovuta kuchimatula - muziyang'ana nthambi zamtchire komanso masamba a mitengo yabwino (mwachitsanzo, aspen, birch).
Roe agulu osaka
Roe deer amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosaka nyama kumadera akum'mwera chifukwa cha kubereka kwambiri. Komanso nyama nyama ndimaona kuti ndizothandiza komanso zopatsa thanzi. M'mayiko ambiri akum'mawa mbale mbale ndizakudya wamba.
Iwo omwe samasaka amatha kugula nyama yambewu. Imagulitsidwa komanso pa intaneti. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi maphikidwe a roe deerPali maphikidwe ambiri a roe deer omwe amapezeka pa intaneti.
Pali mitundu ingapo kusaka agwape akusaka:
Ngati kusaka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri roe chinyengozomwe pali mitundu iwiri. Ena osaka kusaka ndi kuwala kwa mutu, kukhazikitsa pagalimoto chida chapadera chotchedwa nyali yowala.
Popeza nguluwe za agwape zimagwira ntchito usiku, agalu amasaka usiku. Chilolezo chofuna kusaka agwape amaloledwa kuti aziwombera kamodzi pamsika ndipo zimatengera ma ruble 400.
Moyo & Habitat
Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malo ambiri ogawikirako, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri agwape ndi ofanana. Izi zikuphatikiza nkhalango zam'mapiri, nkhalango zowirira kapena nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zotchingira. Nyama zimadya madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo otetezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Taiga yolumikizira yamdima wopanda mbuzi zamtchire sizimakopa chifukwa chosowa chakudya, chivundikiro chachikulu cha chisanu nthawi yozizira. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka kuphukira, nyama zimapanga ng'ombe zazing'ono, zowerengeka mpaka 20 nyama; chilimwe, munthu aliyense amakhala payokha.
Potentha, mbawala zimadyera m'mawa, madzulo ndi usiku, ndikumakonda kudikirira kutentha pamithunzi ya mitengo. Pambuyo pa nthambiyi, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala, kumayendayenda kumalo achisanu kumayamba kusaka chakudya kapena chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo kanyengo. Kuyenda mtunda wautali kumachitika usiku, m'njira zomwe magulu osamukira nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono zina.
Atafika pamalowo, nyamazo zimangobisalira kunkhalangoko, ndikuchotsa chipale chofewa pamalo pomwe anagona. Ndi chimphepo champhamvu amaunjikana. Potentha, amakonda kukonza malo oti adzapumulirane.
Amapangidwa mwanjira yoti azitha kuyang'anira malo ambiri momwe mungathere. Nthawi yomweyo, mphepo imawomba kuchokera kumbuyo kuti imanunkhize chilombocho chisanadze.
Maulendo ataliatali amakhala a agwape a ku Siberia. Panthawi yogawa mitundu ya ku Europe, nyengo ndiyofatsa, nkosavuta kupeza chakudya, chifukwa chosamukasamuka satha kusintha pang'ono. Anthu otengera malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri amatsika m'malo otsika nthawi yozizira kapena amasamukira kumalo ena, kumene kuli matalala ochepa.
Mbuzi zamtchire ndizosambira bwino kwambiri zomwe zimatha kudutsa Cupid. Koma kutumphuka pamtunda wa 30 cm kwa mitundu ya ku Europe ndi 50 cm kwa Siberian kumayambitsa zovuta kuyenda. Kukula kwachichepere kumasuntha kumapiri achisanu ndipo kumakonda kukhala nkhandwe, ankhandwe, lynxes kapena harzas. Roe mbawala m'nyengo yozizira amayesa kuyenda m'njira zoyendetsedwa kuti asaunjike chisanu.
Ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira ndi kulowetsedwa kwanthawi yayitali, kuwonjezera pa kuukira kwa adani, gulu limakumana ndi ngozi inanso. Imfa zambiri za anthu zimachitika chifukwa cholephera kupeza chakudya.
Mu kasupe, magulu amabwerera kumalo odyetserako chilimwe, kudzipatula, ndipo aliyense amakhala mdera lake lalikulu masentimita awiri. km Pamalo abata, nyama zimayenda pamakwerero kapena pachimake, pangozi zimadumpha, zimafalikira pansi. Maso awo amapukutira, koma kumva, kununkhira kumayenda bwino.
Kufotokozera kwanyama
Roe deer ndi nyama yaying'ono yachisomo yokhala ndi thupi lalifupi komanso locheperako komanso mbali yakutsogolo yakutsogolo poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwamphongo sikupitirira kilogalamu makumi atatu ndi iwiri. Ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita zana ndi makumi asanu, kukula kwa kufota sikupitirira masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono, koma, monga lamulo, sizosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe amuna.
Roe deer mutu ndi wamfupi, akukoka bwino kuyambira khutu mpaka mphuno. Makutu ndi ogwedezeka ndikuwonetsa pang'ono kumapeto. Maso ndi akulu ndipo amawonekera pang'ono. Khosi limakhala lalitali komanso lamphamvu. Miyendo ndi yopyapyala, miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali kuposa kutsogolo. Ali ndi ziboda zazing'ono. Mchira wake ndi wocheperako. Mutu wa agwape amphongo amakongoletsedwa ndi nyanga zazing'ono zophuka, zomwe zimakula pafupifupi. Kutalika kwawo kumachokera masentimita 15 mpaka 30, ndipo kukula kwawo sikupitirira masentimita 15. Nyanga zimakhala ndi nthambi zitatu, koma pakati zimakonda kupita patsogolo.
M'mawanga, nyanga zimawonekera m'mwezi wachinayi wamoyo, koma zimakula pokhapokha zaka zitatu. Akazi alibe nyanga.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Siberian Roe Deer
Khola la ku Siberia limatcha nyama zotchedwa herbivorous, artiodactyl. Zili za banja la agwape, banja la agwape. Makolo akale amtunduwu ndi Miocene munjacks. Asayansi akuwona kuti ku Upper Miocene ndi Lower Pliocene ku Europe konse ndi ku Asia kunkakhala gulu la nyama zomwe zinali ndi zinthu zambiri zodziwika bwino ndi zaulusi zamakono. Mpaka posachedwa, agwape a ku Siberia amakhala m'dera lotentha kwambiri.
Chovala chatsitsi
Nyama zonse zachikulire ndizophimbidwa ndi ubweya wa monochromatic, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka: nthawi yachilimwe imakhala yofiyira, nthawi yophukira nthawi yachisanu imakhala yotuwa. Kuzungulira mchira pali malo oyera ochepa. Makanda obadwa chatsopano amakhala ndi chovala chokongola. Izi zimawalola kubisala m'nkhalango zobiriwira kuchokera kwa adani. Mtundu umasintha kukhala munthu wamkulu pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pakubadwa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Siberian Roe Deer
Kutalika kwa thupi la woimira banja la agwape sikupita mita imodzi ndi theka. Kutalika kwa thupi kumapeto ndi masentimita 80-95. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi 30 - 45 kilogalamu. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi, koma izi sizitchulidwa.
Roe agwape ali ndi phokoso laling'ono, lalitali. Kukula kwa chigaza sikupita masentimita 20 mpaka 22. Pali nyanga zazitali pamutu, dyne yomwe nthawi zina imafika theka la mita. Nyanga nthawi zambiri zimafalikira, kufalikira. Nyanga zokongola zazitali zimavalidwe ndi amuna okhaokha. Akazi alibe, kapena kukhala ndi nyanga zazing'onoting'ono zakunja.
Kanema: Siberia wa Roe Deer
Zovala mu dzinja ndizopyapyala ndi tint yofiirira. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, mtundu wa imvi umakhala wambiri, pomwe galasi loyera mumtambo umakhala umodzi ndi thupi lonse. Ubweya umatulutsa kawiri pachaka. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya umakhala wowonda komanso wamfupi. Akazi ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu womwewo.
Pamutu pali makutu owongoka, ozungulira. Mbawala za Roe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maso akulu akuda okhala ndi ana a oblique. Nyamayi imakhala ndi khosi lalitali, lokongola popanda waya. Amuna amakhala olimba komanso osasunthika kuposa achikazi. Mbawala za ku Siberia zokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, yochepa thupi. Zolocha ndizofupikirako pang'ono kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Chifukwa cha izi, msana umayenda pang'ono. Pali mchira wawung'ono wozungulira, womwe umazunguliridwa ndi mphete yaubweya woyera, womwe umatchedwa galasi.
Mu nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, amuna amakhala ndi zotulutsa zokhala ndi chinsinsi, makamaka, sebaceous ndi thukuta. Ndi thandizo lawo, amuna amasiya zikwangwani zosonyeza kuti ali mdera linalake. Mbawala za ku Siberia zimakhala bwino kwambiri, zimamva bwino kwambiri komanso zimanunkhiza.
Kodi agwape a ku Siberia amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Buku la Red Siberia Roe Deer
Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo.
Malo okhala agwape a ku Siberia:
- Madera akumwera a Mongolia,
- Western China
- Central Asia
- Yakutia
- Transbaikalia
- Siberia
- Ural.
Makolo akale a mitundu iyi ya artiodactyl m'masiku akale adasankha gawo la nkhalango zokhala ngati nkhalango. Komabe, pakukula kwa malire a gawo lomwe munthu adakulitsa, adasamukira kunkhalango. Roe agulu amasankha malo okhala malo omwe amathawirako mosavuta ndikupeza chakudya mosavuta. Ngati palibe mavuto ndi chakudya, koma pali zovuta ndi pogona, nyamayo sikhala pano. Izi ndichifukwa chakutukula kwa chibadwa chodzisungira.
Roe agulu okhala m'malo obisika otetezeka a m'derali - nyama zosavuta kudya.
Amakonda tsinde la mapiri, matanthwe, ma tchire okwera, gombe la nkhokwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zosalimbazi zimakonda maudyera, mautali, udzu wowonda. Nthawi zambiri mutha kupeza agwape a ku Siberia ku marshland, m'nkhalango zachilengedwe zowuma, m'malo olima. Ali ndi luso labwino kuzolowera gawo lolimidwa. Dziwani kuti nyama zowoneka zocheperako zimalekerera chisanu ozizira, osasunthika.
Zambiri zazikulu zimakhudza kusankha malo okhalamo: kupezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, pogona komanso kutalika kwa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa. Kutalika kovomerezeka kwa chipale chofewa ndi mamita 0.5. Ngati kutalika kupitirira chizindikirochi, ma artiodactyl amayang'ana kwina komwe chophimba chipale chofewa chimacheperachepera. Chofunikira china ndichoti chipale chofewa sichikhala pansi pachaka chambiri.
Kodi rombo wa ku Siberia amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Male Siberian Roe Deer
Agwape a ku Siberia ndi azitsamba. Komabe, sizinganene kuti amadya udzu umodzi wokha. Nyama zimatha kudya bowa, zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono, masamba. Kumayambiriro kasupe, masamba otseguka pamitengo amadyedwa. Amakonda zitsamba zowola, zatsopano. Amatha kudya masamba owuma, mbewu monga chimanga popanda chakudya.
Pofuna kuti zinthu zofunika za mchere zizilowa mthupi, zibaba zimadya solonetzes, kapena kusaka magwero amadzi omwe amalemedwa ndi mchere wothirira. Munthawi ya bere ndi kudyetsa ana, kufunikira kwa michere kumachulukitsa kangapo.
Nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa agwape a ku Siberia amaonedwa kuti ndi kumapeto kwa dzinja. Inali panthawiyi pomwe amamva kusowa kwenikweni kwa chakudya chamafuta ambiri, komanso madzi. Madzi akamaundana, chipale chofewa chimatha kudya zomwe zimafunika mthupi. M'nyengo yozizira, popanda chakudya, Conifers amathanso kudya.
Mimba yama artiodactyl imakhala ndi m'mimba pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, agwape akudya pang'ono. Komabe, yogwira kagayidwe imafuna kudya pafupipafupi. Masana, kudya osachepera 7-10 kumachitika mwa munthu mmodzi wamkulu. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za munthu m'modzi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwa thupi lake ndipo ndi makilogalamu 2-2,5 a msipu wobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku chimachepetsedwa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zopatsa mphamvu zake.
Panthawi yakusowa kwa chakudya, mpikisano wowopsa ukukulira pakati pa oimira ena osatulutsa maudindo ndi abambo a ku Siberia. M'nyengo yozizira, posowa magetsi, agwape amakumba matalala awo ndi ziboda zawo, kukumba masamba owuma. Amatha kupeza chakudya chawo pansi pa chipale chofewa, chomwe makulidwe ake amafika theka la mita.
Chotuluka
M'maponda a ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Crimea, ana amapezeka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa masika kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Palibe ana opitilira awiri. Khwangwala wobadwa kumene amapezeka m'miyala pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Popeza alibe thandizo, mayi sapita patali ndi iwo. Pakatha sabata, ana amayamba kutsatira amayi awo mosasamala, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri samusiya.
Kodi mbawala amadya chiyani kuthengo? Zopangira iye pakadali pano ndizokwanira: zitsamba, zitsamba, masamba ndi masamba ena. Ana ochepera miyezi itatu amadya mkaka wa m'mawere, ngakhale amadya zakudya zam'madzi kuyambira mwezi woyamba.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Siberian Roe Deer
Nyama zoterezi zimakonda kukhala ngati njira yozungulira. Nthawi za msipu ndi kusunthira mkati mwake ndimasinthasintha ndi chakudya chotafuna komanso kupuma, kugona. Zinyama zogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso zoyenda m'mawa kwambiri. Nyama zimatha nthawi yawo yambiri kugona. Mabediwa ndi nsanja zomwe zimayeretsa chipale chofewa ndi masamba owuma ndi ziboda zawo. Nthawi zambiri, agulu a ku Siberia amasankha malo ogona kunja kwa dambo, kapena m'nkhalango.
Mwachilengedwe, agwape a ku Siberia si nyama zokha. Amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 7-12. Gululi limakhala ndi chachimuna, chachikazi zingapo komanso nyama zazing'ono. Mu nthawi yozizira, magulu ang'onoang'ono amatha kuyanjana ngati gulu, ndikupanga mitu itatu. Ndikayamba masika, amadzisokonekera.
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatengera zinthu zingapo: nyengo, kuchuluka kwa anthu pagululo, kuopsa kwa zovuta za anthropogenic. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri imawonedwa m'mawa, chilimwe - usiku ndi madzulo. Ndi kutchulidwa kwa anthropogenic, ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri za anthu zimapangidwanso mumdima.
Agwape a ku Siberia amaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu winawake. Popeza akudziwa gawo lina, amakonda kubwerera mobwerezabwereza. Amuna amabisa gawo linalake, lomwe limadziwikika ndi mikangano pamphumi ndi khosi motsutsana ndi mitengo. Amathanso kukumba ziboda za nthaka, kusiya chinsinsi pakati pa zala zake. Akuluakulu amuna amakhala mdera la mahekitala 20 mpaka 150. Monga lamulo, chuma cha amuna sichichulukitsa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zigawo wina ndi mnzake kumatheka pokhapokha pazachulukidwe.
Sizachilendo kuti amuna azilowa kumayiko ena. Mukayamba nyengo yatsopano iliyonse, amuna akuluakulu amapeza ufulu wokhala gawo lawo.
Agwape a ku Siberia amaonedwa ngati nyama zamtendere, zopanda nkhondo. Ngakhale pakati pa abambo, mikangano nthawi zambiri imabuka. Pakabuka mkangano, amakhala ndi mphamvu pamaso pa wotsutsana naye. Ogwira ntchito a Roe amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana.
Zizindikiro zodziwika ngati za agwape a ku Siberia:
- Lungu. Chimadziwika mu kulumikizana kwa mkazi ndi ana ake. Ndi chiwonetsero cha nkhawa, nkhawa.
- Kugundana, kugwedezeka. Akuwonetsa kukwiya, kukwiyitsa.
- Kuyika. Amatha kufalitsa anthu omwe asokonezeka, komanso amantha.
- Groan Imasindikiza nyama yomwe yatchera.
- Kudumpha kwamphokoso, kuwomba kwa ziboda. Ndi chizindikiro cha chizindikiritso cha mantha, mantha.
Pakulumikizana kwa wina ndi mnzake, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi chilankhulo chopanda mawu. Chifukwa chake, amapatsirana ma alamu wina ndi mnzake, kuyitanitsa kuthawa, etc. Mbawala za Roe zimakonda kuthamanga kwambiri ndikudumpha kwambiri. Poyesa kuthawa kuthamangitsidwa, agwape a ku Siberia amalumpha kuposa mamita asanu.
Kodi nguluwe zimadya chiyani m'chilengedwe?
Pomwe palibe chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa m'maderamo agwape, momwe amadyera ndi udzu ndi tchire tating'ono. Kodi mbawala zamtchire amadya chiyani nthawi yachisanu? Ndi chisanu oyamba ndi chipale chofewa, chakudyacho chimakhala chosowa kwambiri - nyama zimayenera kukhala wokhutira ndi zitsamba, ndipo makamaka munthawi yanjala kapena mphukira za paini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Abambo a Roe amakhala ndi zovuta zapakati pa zakudya m'gawo lachiwiri la dzinja. Pakadali pano, maudzu omwe nyama zimapeza, akuswa chipale chofewa, nthambi zamitengo, pansi pa mitengo yopanda zipatso (birch, aspen) - ndizo zonse zomwe mbawala zimadyapo. Pofunafuna udzu, nyama izi zimatha kubowola malo akuluakulu ndi ziboda zawo.
Kodi agwape amadya chiyani pagombe la Black Sea?
Chakudya chochuluka cha nyama izi kum'mwera. Ndipo pano ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi udzu ndi zitsamba zosaphimbidwa. Koma m'derali zipatso zingapo, maapulo ndi bowa zimawonjezedwera kwa iwo - izi ndi zomwe agwape amadya kuNyanja Yakuda, kupatula zakudya zamasiku onse.
M'chilimwe, agwape amafunika kubwezeretsanso chakudyacho ndi mchere pakutentha. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimapita kunyimbo zachilengedwe ndi zina. Kupanga mchere kumachitika kangapo pachaka: mu Epulo-Meyi, Julayi, isanachitike kapena itatha, mu Seputembara-Okutobala.
Pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri pamalipo mchere. Ichi ndi chosanjikiza mwala wotayidwa. Ndi ziboda zawo zakutsogolo, nyama zimakumba mabowo ndikufika pamtunda uwu. Nthawi zina nyambo zamchere zimakhala zamatope amdima m'malo otsika, m'mphepete mwa madambo ndi nyanja zazing'ono. Nthawi zina mchere wina umawoneka m'mapampu, umadyedwanso ndi khwangwala.
Zingwe zomangira zam'madzi zakhala zikuyenera kwa alenje. Kuti achite izi, amasankha masamba omwe ali pamphepete mwa njira zosinthira zazingwe. Dera laling'ono limatsukidwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku sod, mothandizidwa ndi ndodo yowongoka, poyambira timiyala tomwe timathira madzi amchere a sodium chloride. Nyama chifukwa cha fungo komanso zizindikiro zina, zomwe zimadziwika kwa iwo okha, zimapeza solonetz ndipo zimayendera pafupipafupi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Siberian Roe Deer
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu nyama kuyambira pakati pa Julayi ndipo imatenga mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri. Amuna amafunafuna akazi nthawi zonse; samadya chilichonse panthawi imeneyi. Akazi omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi azaka ziwiri amawoneka kuti ndi okhwima. Ngati pali olemba angapo ufulu woloza muukwati ndi akazi, amuna amatha kumenyana.
Pali chiwonetsero chaukali wa amuna molingana ndi akazi. Munthawi imodzi yokhwima, yamphongo imatha kuphatikiza ukazi mpaka akazi a 5-7. Agulu achikazi nawonso samasiyana pakapangidwe kazimangiriza. Ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kukwatirana kwa zaka zingapo motsatana ndi wamwamuna wokondedwa kwambiri.
Mu artiodactyls waku Siberia, mimba yaposachedwa imawonedwa. Ndiye kuti, mluza womwe umayambika umaleka kukula ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Ngati matani adayamba kugwa, palibe nyengo yovomerezeka ya pakati. Ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa mluza, wamkazi amakhala wolondola komanso wosamala. Sangodumpha mwadzidzidzi, popanda ngozi, kuthamanga kwambiri. Nthawi ya bere imakhala mkaka kuyambira masiku 250 mpaka 320. Mwana mmodzi mpaka atatu amabadwa.
Ana a Roe deer ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri komanso osathandiza. Akazi amawabisa m'malo otetezeka kwa miyezi ingapo.
Mphete zakumbuyo imathandiza kutikita mu zomera zamasamba. Mayiyo sakhala patali, koma amakonda kudyetsa ndi kupumula osati ndi makanda, kuti asawakope. Yaikazi imapitilizabe kulumikizana ndi mbadwa kufikira m'badwo watsopano.
Mbawala za ku Siberia zimakonda kubereka. Mukayamba nyengo yatsopano iliyonse, ana amapanga mitundu yoposa 96% ya akazi okhwima. Ngakhale kukwera kwakukulu, kukula kwachilengedwe sikumakula mwachangu. Mwa mitundu yamtunduwu waoperewera pali kupulumuka kotsika kwa ana.
Zomera zotchuka kwambiri mu chakudya cha roe
Pa gawo la Russia ndi maiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union, pafupifupi mitundu mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu a mbewu zamera, zomwe zimadyedwa ndi roe deed. Pakati pawo, kuphatikiza mitengo yamatchire, maudzu ndi udzu, mahatchi, bowa ndi ndere zinajambulidwa. Roe agulu omwe amakhala ku Siberia amadya singano, thumba losunga mazira, komanso mphukira za mitengo yaiwisi yaying'ono, mtengo wa mkungudza, larch ndi fir.
Mwa zitsamba, agwape amasankhidwa ndi potoneaster, mitundu yaying'ono ya msondodzi, phulusa la mapiri, mabulosi abulu, meadowsweet, spirea, honeysuckle ndi Daurian rhododendron. Nyama zimadya masamba, zimayambira, lingonberries, zipatso ndi mabulosi abuluu.
Amapeza choti adye roe deer m'madambo. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi zitsamba zowawa: gangus, calla, watch. Zitsamba zazikuluzikuluzikulu zomwe artiodactyl amasankha zimaphatikizapo mbewu monga chimfine, zotchinga moto, zolowa kumtunda, chitsamba chowawa, hemophilus, ndi sorelo.
Adani achilengedwe a agwape a ku Siberia
Chithunzi: Siberian Roe Deer
Adani achilengedwe a agwape a ku Siberia amaonedwa ngati nyama zolusa. Izi zikuphatikizapo zimbalangondo, anyani, mimbulu, agalu. Ankhandwe ndi mitundu yosangalatsa ya mbalame zimawopseza ana ang'ono ndi opanda thandizo.
Kukula kochepa komanso mtundu wamtambo wonyezimira wamtambo kumalola kuti kusungunuka kuzitsamba, masamba ndi masamba akulu. Miyendo yayitali imakulolani kuti muthamangire kuthamanga ndikupambana zopinga zazikulu. Pa nthawi yofunafuna, agwape okalamba amafulumira kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h. Pa liwiro ili, akulephera kuyenda mtunda wautali. Komabe, kuthekera kopanga ma jerks otero ndikudumphira kutalika mpaka mita 4-7 kumakupatsani mwayi woti muchoke ku kuthamangitsidwa.
Mdani wina wowopsa wa mbawala zaku Siberia ndi munthu. Chifukwa choti anthu akuwononga mwachangu malo okhala zachilengedwe zanyama zosafunikirazi, komanso kusaka ndi kuba, ali pafupi kutha. Mbawala za ku Siberia ndizosangalatsa kwambiri posaka alenje ndi osaka. Nyanga zazikulu, zolemera, khungu ndi nyama yanthete zimafunidwa nthawi zonse ndipo zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa Roe Deer
Nyamayi imakhala ndi thupi lalifupi, ndipo kumbuyo kwa artiodactyl kumakhala kotalika komanso kokulirapo kuposa kutsogolo. Kulemera kwa thupi la abambo akuluakulu okalamba ndi 22-31 kg, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 108 mpaka 66 komanso kutalika kwakukulu kutalika kosaposa 66-81 cm.Chiponde chachikazi cha ku Europe ndi chocheperako poyerekeza ndi chachimuna, koma zizindikiritso zakugonana ndizosafooka. Zazikulu kwambiri zimapezeka kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa magawo.
Kudyetsa nyama
Podziwa zomwe agwape amadya nthawi yozizira, minda ina yosaka m'dziko lathuyi imakolola nkhwangwa za aspen ndi birch pakudya nyengo yachisanu kwa anthu osapendawa.Roe deer ndiye chinyengo kwambiri pa mitundu yonse yamatchire. Nyama mwachangu komanso mosavuta imazolowera munthuyo. Chipale chofewa chikawonjezeka kwambiri, mbewa zam'madzi zimayamba kuswana ndi udzu wowoneka bwino m'misewu yamtchire, osawopa kupita m'makola ndi zovala zina zapamwamba.
Monga lamulo, mafamu amatulutsa malo apaderadera omwe amapereka chakudya cha nyengo yozizira kwa agwape. Mukakhazikitsa m'matumba, mchere womwe mbewa wamafuta umafunikira umawonjezeredwa. Monga mitundu ina yambiri ya osabereka, agwape amafunitsitsa udzu wamchere, ndipo kuchokera kumabisiketi (opanda mchere) amangosankha zitsamba zina, ndi kupondaponda zina zonse.
Ndikofunikanso kupanga ma boti amchere osakira nyama m'mafamu osaka kuti apereke miyala ndi mchere, pamlingo wa malo awiri kapena atatu pa mahekitala chikwi.
M'madera osiyanasiyana mdziko lathu, zakudya za roe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake (mwa zina, tidakhudza pamutuwu). Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe ku Russia nthawi yozizira, agwape amaluma mphukira za thundu, linden, mapu, phulusa, ndi Hornbeam. Mu Caucasus ndi Crimea amadya jasmine ndi dogwood, ku Far East - mphesa za actinidia ndi Amur. Mbidzi za Roe zimatengera zipatso za zipatso monga zipatso, mitengo ya zipatso ndi mitengo ya zipatso.
M'malo okhala ndi deed ofiira ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha kapena kumalo osungirako anthu a Crimea, agwape amapondereredwa ndi zotsala zonse. Mbawala zofiira zimadya mphukira za mitengo yokondedwa kwambiri ndi zitsamba zazitali mpaka mamita awiri. Roe agulu amakakamizidwa kuti azikhutira ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Zotsatira zake, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumayamba. Roe deer kubereka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina kusiya zonse kubereka ana ndi zambiri kufa ndi matenda. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'nkhalango zotereku kukuchepa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Siberian Roe Deer
Pali zigawo zina mu Buku Lofiira zomwe zidalembedwa. Ku gawo la Russian Federation, Siberia wa roe dees amalembedwa mu Red Book of Tomsk Region ndi Krasnoyarsk Territory. Amapatsidwa udindo wocheperako.
Mwambiri, masiku ano nyamazo sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zidzatha. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ukapolo pakati pa Europe, pali anthu pafupifupi 10 mpaka 13 miliyoni. Ngakhale zaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri zapitazo, ziwerengero zawo zinali zochulukirapo kuposa kawiri.
Kubala chonde kumakupatsani mwayi wobwezeretsa anthu mwachangu. M'madera ena, ngakhale kusaka ngongole za ku Siberia kumaloledwa pambuyo pa chilolezo. M'mayiko a ku Central Asia, nyama ya roe imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha zakudya zake zopatsa thanzi.
Kuteteza Roe waku Siberia
Chithunzi: Buku la Red Siberia Roe Deer
Kuti atetezere nyamayi, ndizoletsedwa kuzisaka kumadera omwe kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, UK imakhala ikuchita ngozi ngati nyama ili ndi vuto. Mu Russian Federation, akuchitanso njira zochepetsera kupha anthu osaka ndi kusaka nyama zosaloledwa. Pophwanya malamulo, owukira amalipitsidwa. Kukula kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zidawonongeka.
Roe Deer waku Siberia - nyama yokongola komanso yosalimba. Makhalidwe ndi chilengedwe mwachilengedwe ndizosangalatsa. Munthu amafunafuna kuti apange malo abwino kwambiri ochulukitsira mitundu yazinyama zopandaikazi zomwe.
Mbiri ndikugawa kwa roe deer
Mizu ya mtundu wa Capreolus Grey imatsogolera ku Miocene muntzhaks (subfamily Cervulinae). Ali kale ku Upper Miocene ndi Pliocene Wotsika, onse ku Europe ndi Asia adakhala gulu la mawonekedwe ofanana ndi angapo otengera zangongole zamakono komanso ogwirizana mu mtundu wa Procapreolus Schloss. Pafupifupi pafupi nawo pali Middle Pliocene mtundu Pliocervus Hilzh. Mtundu wa Capreolus unayamba ku Upper Pliocene kapena Lower Pleistocene, ndipo mtundu wa Capreolus capreolus unakhazikitsidwa motsimikiza pokhapokha pa Ice Age.
M'mbuyomu posachedwa, mitundu yambewu, makamaka m'malo obiriwira, inali yopitilira. Malire ake kumpoto alumikizidwa ndi mzere wa kutalika kwa chipale chofewa cha masentimita 50. Chigawo chochuluka kwambiri cha chirombochi chimakwirira madera omwe matalala akuya sapitilira masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Chifukwa chakulandidwa zaka zam'mbuyomu zaka zisanachitike, mtunduwo wagawika magawo angapo, pokhapokha pazotsatira zomwe zatengedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, agwape ayambanso kukhala m'malo omwe adakhalapo kwazaka zambiri.
Habitat, malo okhala
Zomera zam'madzi za ku Europe zimakhala m'nkhalango zosakanizika ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso madera okhala nkhalango. M'nkhalango zowongoka zaudongo, ma artiodactyl amapezeka pokhapokha pamtunda wamtundu wa ovunda. M'madera a steppes zowona, komanso zipululu ndi madera ena, oimira mtundu wa Roe palibe. Monga malo opezeka chakudya chochuluka kwambiri, nyamayi imakonda malo a nkhalango zowerengeka, zokhala ndi zitsamba zambiri komanso zokumbidwa ndi minda kapena mitengo. M'chilimwe, nyamayi imapezeka m'miyala yayitali yokhala ndi udzu, pamalopo pobwereketsa mitengo ndi nkhalango zamadzi osefukira, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi malo owerera. Nyama yokhala ndi buluziyo imakonda kupewetsa nkhalango yopitilirayo.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zambiri, agwape a ku Europe ndi amtundu wa nyama zamtchire-steppe, zodziwika kwambiri kukhala mu udzu wautali komanso shrub biotope kuposa kukhala munkhalango yowirira kapena malo otseguka.
Chiwerengero chachulukidwe cha anthu okhala ku Europe kuchokera ku ma biotopes ambiri chikuchulukira kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kwa mzere. Mosiyana ndi anthu ena osapembedza ku Europe, agwape ndi omwe amakonda kwambiri kukhala malo olimidwa komanso oyandikana ndi anthu. M'malo, nyama yotere imakhala pafupifupi chaka chathunthu pamaulimi osiyanasiyana, imabisala pansi pamitengo yokha kuti ipumule kapena nyengo yovuta. Kusankha kwanyumba kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi kupezeka kwogona, makamaka m'malo owonekera. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa chivundikiro cha chisanu ndi kupezeka kwa nyama zolusa mdera lomwe mwasankhidwa.
Khalidwe lonyansa lazungu
Agwape a ku Ulaya amagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pa tsiku lotentha ngwazi zamphongo zimakonda kudya kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimakhala zochuluka.
Moyo wamakhalidwe ochita nawo nsapato ku Europe umatengera nthawi yazaka.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbawala zambiri zimangokhala zokha, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimakhala m'magulu. Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Ogasiti, nguluwe za agwape zimakhala zankhanza kwambiri ndikuwonetsa mkhalidwe wamtunda. Amuna amakhala m'derali kuyambira mahekitala awiri mpaka 200.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amayenda mozungulira masamba awo ndikumawalemba. Amayesetsa kuti asamaphwanyire malire, koma achichepere amatha kuchita zinthu zankhanza. Mikangano pakati pawo sichichitika kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri zimatha ndikuwonetsa mphamvu. Akazi omwe ali ndi makanda amakhala pachimake chachimuna, ndipo amawachotsa mwankhanza wachaka chimodzi.
Zachikazi zopanda nyanga. Akazi okhala ndi nyanga ndi osowa.
Mwezi wa Okutobala, ukali wa anyamatawo umakhala wotsika kwambiri, nataya nyanga zawo ndikuleka kulemba malire a ziwembuzo. Mabanja achisanu amayamba kupanga - nyama zazing'ono zimalumikizana ndi zazikazi ndi makanda. Mamembala a gululi amakhala limodzi nthawi yonse yozizira, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali m'magulu otere ndi 40-90. Abulu a ku Europe, mosiyana ndi anzawo a ku Siberia, satenga chisanu nthawi yozizira.
Mabanja achidwi a ku Europe amayamba mpaka mwezi wa Marichi kapena Epulo, kenako nkuyamba kusokonekera.
Tambala akakhala phee, amasunthira pamtunda kapena pagawo, ndipo panthawi yangozi amayenda, ndikupanga kulumpha pafupifupi mita 7. Kuthamanga kwa nguluwe ya munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi.
Akazi anamwino amayenda pang'ono, pomwe nthawi zambiri amayimilira ndikumvera zomwe zikuchitika. Roe deer amatha kusambira bwino komanso mwachangu. Amalekerera chisanu chambiri matalala bwino ndipo amayesa kuyenda m'njira za nyama. Roe deer glide pamtunda wa chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake ndiwowopsa.
Mbawala zambewu za ku Europe zimadya mitundu yoposa 900 yazomera zosiyanasiyana, zimakonda mphukira zazing'ono. Kwa tsiku amadyetsa nthawi 5-11.
Makanda atsopano, abuluzi amawoneka, zomwe zimawalola kubzala pakati pa masamba azilimwe.
European Roe Deer
Zakudya zodziwika bwino zodyedwa ku Europe zimapezekanso mitundu chikwi chimodzi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, koma ma artiodactyl amakonda zakudya zam'mimba zopatsa mphamvu komanso zamafuta ambiri. Kuposa theka la zakudya zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi dicotyledonous herbaceous zomera, komanso mitundu yamitengo. Gawo losafunikira lazakudya limakhala ndi mosses ndi lichens, komanso zofunkha, bowa, ndi ferns. Khwangwala wambiri amakonda kudya amadyera ndi nthambi:
Roe deer amathanso kudya zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana monga chimanga, kudya chakudya kumtunda ndi kuwotchera moto, kutaya magazi ndi kugwira, hogweed ndi angelica, sorelo wamtchire. Artiodactyls ndi zomera zam'madzi zomwe zimamera m'madambo ndi m'madzi, komanso mbewu zosiyanasiyana zamabulosi, mtedza, ma chestnuts ndi ma acorn, amakondedwa. Monga antiparasitic othandizira, mbewu zambiri zamankhwala nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa ndi roe dees.
Pofuna kulipirira kuchepa kwa zinthu zopanda mchere, ma marsalt amchere amayendera ma artiodactyl, ndipo madzi amamwa kuchokera kumagwero omwe ali ndi mchere wambiri. Nyama zimapeza madzi makamaka kuchokera ku zakudya zamtchire ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo pafupifupi tsiku lililonse chimakhala pafupifupi malita ndi theka. Zakudya za nyengo yozizira sizimasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi mphukira ndi masamba a mitengo kapena zitsamba, udzu wowuma ndi masamba opanda masamba. Moss ndi ma lichens amakumbidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo singano zamitengo ndi makungwa zimadyedwanso.
Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zojambula, wolemba zamatenda, Konstantin Flerov, wasayansi yodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe:
Oimira mitunduyi amakhala kumadzulo kwa Europe, kuphatikizapo Great Britain, Caucasus, gawo la ku Europe la Russia, Iran, Palestine. Nyama ndizofala ku Belarus, Moldova, mayiko a Baltic komanso kumadzulo kwa Ukraine.
Khwangwala waku Europe amapangika pang'ono - thupi ndi lopitilira mita, kutalika kwake kumafota ndi 80 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 12-40 kg. Chovala chachisanu chimakhala chakuda, chakuda kuposa mitundu ina. M'chilimwe, imvi imayimiririka ndi thupi lofiirira.
Ma Rosette a nyanga amabzalidwa mosamala, mitengo ikuluikuluyo imakhala yotalikirana, yotambalala pang'ono, mpaka 30 cm. Ngale za pearl zimakulitsidwa.
Malo omwe amagawikidwira mtunduwu ndi kum'mawa kwa gawo la Europe lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, kuyambira kudutsa Volga, kumpoto kwa Caucasus, Siberia mpaka Yakutia, zigawo zakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia komanso kumadzulo kwa China.
Roe Deer waku Siberia zokulirapo kuposa European - kutalika kwa thupi ndi 120-140 masentimita, kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala mita, kulemera kwake kumayambira 30 mpaka 50 kg. Anthu pawokha amafika 60 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako komanso pafupifupi 15 cm.
M'chilimwe, khungu la mutu ndi thupi limafanana - chikasu. Nyanga zake zimafalikira kwambiri, ndipo zikuwonekera kwambiri. Fikirani kutalika kwa masentimita 40, kukhala ndi njira 5. Malo ogulitsira ndi ochuluka, osakhudzana. Ngale zopangidwa bwino ndizofanana ndi mphukira. Mabuluni otupa amatuluka kwambiri.
Mtundu wowoneka wa roe deer ndiwachilengedwe mwa mitundu yonse, koma ku Siberian, mosiyana ndi ku Europe, sapezeka m'mizere itatu, koma anayi.
- Far East kapena Manchu
Nyama zimakhala kumpoto kwa Korea, China, m'malo a Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk. Malingana ndi kukula kwake, roe ya Manchu ndi yayikulu kuposa European, koma yaying'ono kuposa Siberian. Chowoneka mosiyanitsa - kalirole pansi pa mchira siwoyera koyera, koma ofiira.
M'nyengo yozizira, tsitsi kumutu limatulukira ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri kuposa thupi. M'chilimwe, agwape amakhala ofiira owoneka ndi bulauni lakuda kumbuyo.
Malo ogawa - China, East Tibet. Mbali yodziwika ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yotupa kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse. Maonekedwe a Sichuan powoneka amatikumbutsa za Far East, koma otsika kutalika komanso osapepuka.
Chovala nthawi yozizira imakhala imvi ndi tint ya bulauni, pamphumi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayo imakhala ndi utoto wofiira.
Kubala European Roe
Mbawala za Roe ndizodziwika kwambiri m'banja lawo. Mwa akazi akuluakulu, ana awiri amabadwa chaka chilichonse, omwe amadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi 6-8. Pafupifupi zaka 2, zunguzo zaku Europe zitha kubereka. Ndipo mwa akazi achikulire, ana atatu kapena atatu amatha kubadwa.
Agulu aku Europe azunguwa amakhala ndi nthawi ziwiri - zikuluzikulu mu Ogasiti, komanso zina mu Disembala. Kachiwiri, okwatirana, omwe pazifukwa zina amakhala osabereka, mimba yawo imachepera miyezi isanu.
Pa nyengo yakukhwima, ngulu zapakhomo sizipanga awiriawiri. Pambuyo umuna, wamphongo umasiya chachikazi ndikusaka watsopano. Amuna akunyumba amaphatikiza akazi ambiri.
Kuswana kwa agalu kumatengera momwe zilili ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya; m'malo abwino, zazikazi zimabereka ana awiri, koma achinyamata amabweretsa mwana wamwamuna mmodzi aliyense.
Kukhetsa kwa ngongole za ku Europe kumachitika kawiri pachaka.
Ng'ombe zazikazi zimawoneka nthawi ya chilimwe pomwe pali zakudya zambiri zabwino kuzungulira. Mkaka wa Roe ndiwopatsa thanzi, umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, mapuloteni, shuga ndi zinthu zina zofunikira pakukula. Mayi amadyetsa ana mkaka kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ngati pali mwana m'modzi mwa ana, amalandila zakudya zochuluka, chifukwa chake, nkosavuta kusiyanitsa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi mwana wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
M'nyengo yozizira ng'ombe zamphongo zimakhala zitakula kale ndipo sizimafa nthawi zambiri, koma nthawi yozizira kwambiri sizinasinthe, zimafa pakati pa nyama zazing'ono ndizambiri, makamaka pakati pa omwe analibe nthawi yakulemera.
Adani a Roe
Roe roe adasinthidwa mokwanira kukhala munkhalango-steppe - ndipo sizomwe zimachitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa ali ndi adani ambiri: lynxes ndi mimbulu Kutha kugwira agwape akuluakulu, mbalame zodya nyama, nkhandwe ndipo galu wamtchire amakonda kusaka mbawala zosafunikira.
Mtunda wocheperako wa roe umamupangitsa kuti asawonekere pakati pa tchire lalifupi, mbewa zofiirira za wachikulire wopenga sizimawoneka kwenikweni chifukwa cha udzu wamtali ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, ndipo khungu lamwayi la mandley limalumikizana ndi zinyalala zamtchire ndi masamba a chaka chatha.
Miyendo yolimba imalola kuti mbawala iziyenda mothamanga mpaka 60 km / h - pa liwiro ili tambala tosungira silitha kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ngakhale jerk yaying'ono ndiyokwanira kuti uchoke pothamangitsa lynx kapena nkhandwe.
Koma mdani wamkulu wa Roe Deer ndi munthu: kuchepetsedwa kwa malo komwe kumakhalako kumabwera chifukwa chakuti roe deer nthawi zambiri amakhala ovulala pangozi zapamsewu ndi kufa pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto, ndipo nyanga zokongola ndi nyama yokoma zimawapangitsa kukhala osaka a osaka.
Zochititsa chidwi ndi Roe
Nyanga za agalu achichepere a Roe zimawoneka ngati mapaipi.
Roe nswala amangosambira zodabwitsa komanso popanda zovuta zambiri kusambira mitsinje ya Yenisei ndi Amur paulendo wawo wosamukira.
Poona zoopsa, nyamayo imayamba kugwedezeka, ndikuchenjeza za kuopsa kwa abale ake.
Kuthawa olusa, Roe deer amatha kuthamangira kwa60 km / h - kupitilira liwiro la lynx kapena nkhandwe, koma sangathe kuthamanga motalika chonchi.
Khwangwala wachikazi zosavuta wofatsa - amakhala wodekha, osati wouma mtima komanso wopanda nkhanza konse, koma mwamunayo chilichonse chimakhala chovuta kwambiri - ndizosatheka kumuvuta.
Amuna amatha kukhala ndi harem - amakhala ndi akazi awiri kapena atatu.
Akazi ena satenga nawo mbali mu liwiro la chilimwe, koma amabala mu Disembala. Koma chosangalatsa ndi chiyani: amabweretsa ana amphongo, monga agalu ena onse a Roe, chifukwa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, mazirawo sapitilira nyengo yamasika.
Roe Deer Moyo
Khwangwala wa Roe amadziwika ndi kubadwa kwa nthawi yamakhalidwe, momwe amasuntha komanso kudya msipu mosinthana ndi kutafuna chakudya ndi kupuma. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi zochitika zam'mawa ndi zamadzulo, koma mtundu wa tsiku ndi tsiku umatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikiza nyengo ya chaka, nthawi ya tsiku, malo achilengedwe, komanso kuchuluka kwa nkhawa.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mtunda wothamanga wa nyama yachikulire ndi 60 km / h, ndipo pakudyetsa agwape amasuntha pang'ono, akuima ndikumvetsera.
Munthawi yachilimwe-nyengo yachilimwe, nyama zimawonetsa zochitika zowonjezereka ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazilombo zoyamwa magazi. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kumatenga nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimathandiza ndalama zolipirira. Msipu umatenga pafupifupi maola 12-16, ndipo pafupifupi maola khumi amagawidwa kutafuna chakudya ndi kupuma. Kuyenda kwa phazi kapena kuyenda kwa phazi kumakhala bata, ndipo ngozi zikavuta, nyamayo ikadumpha ikadumpha mokoka. Amuna amayenda mozungulira gawo lawo tsiku lililonse.
Kutalika kwa moyo
Ogwira ntchito zaku Europe akhala akuchita zambiri mpaka atakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amaphunzira. Mokulira, atakwanitsa kukhala wathanzi, nyama imakhala yofooka ndikuyamwa michere kuchokera kuzakudya zoipitsitsa, komanso sizimalola zinthu zoyipa zakunja. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yolembedwa kuchokera ku vivo kuchokera ku vivo idalembedwa ku Austria, pomwe, chifukwa chogwidwanso nyama zodziwika, munthu adapezeka kuti anali wazaka khumi ndi zisanu. Ali mu ukapolo, artiodactyl amatha kukhala ndi zaka kotala.
Roe subspecies
Malo ogulitsa ku Europe amadziwika ndi kutalika kwa malo ndi mitundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa mitundu yayitali ya mitundu, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu. Mpaka pano, ma subspecies a Carreolus carreolus carreolus L. amadziwika bwino:
- Sarreolus sarreolus italicus Festa ndi masamba omwe amakhala kum'mwera ndi pakati pa Italy. Mtundu wachilendo wotetezedwa wokhala m'chigawo chakumwera kwa Tuscany, Puglia ndi Lazio, mpaka kumadera a Kalabria.
- Sarreolus sarreolus garganta Меuniеr ndi subspecies, yodziwika ndi mtundu wa imvi wamunthu m'chilimwe. Amakhala kumwera kwa Spain, kuphatikizapo Andalusia kapena Sierra de Cadiz.
Nthawi zina ngwazi zazikulu kuchokera kudera la North Caucasus zimatchulidwanso kuma subspecies a Sarreolus sarrelus saucasicus, ndipo anthu aku Middle East amapatsidwa mophiphiritsa ku Sarreolus sarreolus sokhi.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Gon yodwala imakonda kupezeka mu Julayi-Ogasiti, pomwe nyanga zamphongo zimakaluka ndipo khungu limakhuthala m'khosi ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi. Mpikisano umayamba ndi m'mbali, matondo ndi zitsamba, koma palibe kuphwanya dongosolo komwe kumadziwika. Pa nthawi yopuma, abambo a ku Europe agwape amasiya kudya ndipo amayesetsa kutsatira akazi onse oyenda. Nthawi ina, wamwamuna amakumana ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi.
Roe deer ndiye yekhayo wosadziwika, wodziwika ndi nyengo yaposachedwa ya kubereka, kotero njira zomwe zikukula mwachangu mu mluza siziyambira koyambirira kwa Januware. Nthawi yonse ya nthawi yokhala ndi pakati ndi masiku 264-318, ndipo ana amabadwa pakati pa kumapeto kwa Epulo ndi pafupifupi mpaka pakati pa Juni. Masabata anayi asanabadwe, azimayiwo amatenga malo obadwirako, pomwe agalu ena amachokapo mwamphamvu. Zabwino kwambiri poberekera ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi udzu wautali, womwe umatha kupereka malo ogona ndi chakudya.
Mu zinyalala, monga lamulo, ana aang'ono okha owoneka ndi ophimbidwa ndi ubweya amene amabadwa, omwe m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yoyambirira ya moyo sangathe kuthandizidwa, chifukwa chake amakhala m'malo apadera. Kulumikizana kwachikazi ndi mwana wokulirapo kumasweka masabata ochepa okha kubadwa kwatsopano. Roe agulu amakula mwachangu, chifukwa chake, ndikayamba yophukira, matupi awo amalemera pafupifupi 60-70% ya kulemera kwa munthu wamba. Amuna amafika kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo akazi ali mchaka choyamba cha moyo, koma mwa kubereka, monga lamulo, azaka zitatu kapena kupitirira apo amatenga nawo mbali.
Mtengo wachuma
Kukula kwachuma kwamayiko ena azungu kumawerengedwa m'njira zitatu zofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, agwape amasaka nyama zomwe zimapatsa nyama zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi, khungu lofunika komanso nyanga zokongola. Kachiwiri, artiodactyls amachotsa mbewu zomwe zimadzetsa mavuto m'nkhalango ndi mitengo.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Roe deer ndi mankhwala azakudya omwe amtengo wapatali m'mayiko ena kuposa mbidzi zamtchire, boar zakutchire ndi hare.
Chachitatu, agwape ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe okongola, komanso chokongoletsa chenicheni cha mitengo ndi nkhalango. Komabe, kuswana kwambewu kwazungu kumatha kuwononga malo obiriwira komanso nkhalango.