Mitundu ya Asymbolus imagwirizanitsa mitundu isanu ndi inayi yomwe ikudziwika kale ya asodzi aang'ono, omwe ali ndi dzina lachi Russia - Mphaka wa mbalame yemwe amawona.
Oimira amtundu amadziwika ndi moyo wapansi (monga, mitundu yonse ya amphaka amphaka), utoto wa motley wa thupi. Nsomba zonsezi zimapezeka kumadera ena am'mphepete mwa Australia ndipo sizipezeka kwina konse kunyanja.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa oimira wamkulu kwambiri amphaka zam'madzi aku Australia sizimaposa 60 cm.
Mitundu yokhala ngati mphaka zam'madzi osaya ndi thupi lochepera, zipsepse zazing'ono zamkati zimasunthidwa kumbuyo, maso "amphaka" a almond okhala ndi kamwana kakang'ono kokhala ngati mkamwa, kamkamwa kakang'ono kamene kali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zigawo zingapo, chapakati ndiye okwera kwambiri.
Mtundu wamitundu yambiri wokhala ndi mithunzi ya bulauni yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ina imakhala ndi malo owonda. Nsomba zonsezi zimakhala ndi malo ocheperako kapena mawanga amdima (nthawi zina onse), ndichifukwa chake mtunduwo udalandira epithet "yowoneka".
Monga tanena kale, asodzi awa ndi anthu okhala pansi pa madzi. Woimira kwambiri wamtunduwu, yemwe ndi shaki yemwe amadziwika ndi nyenyezi, amakhala mozama mpaka 500 m ndi zina; Mitundu ina imakonda kukhazikika m'malo ozama kwambiri.
Amadyetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tating'onoting'ono tambiri - kuchokera pa mphutsi zosiyanasiyana zam'mimba ndi nyongolotsi, kupukusa, nkhanu ndi nsomba za nsomba.
Palibe chilichonse mwaziziwazi zomwe ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo sizoyenera kuzisodza. Mitundu yambiri imakhala m'malo omwe usodzi uliwonse umawongoleredwa, chifukwa chake anthu amakhala osasunthika. Oimira onse amtundu wa Asymbolus ali ndi udindo wosamalira. LC - zimayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono.
Anthu onse amtundu wamtundu wa ku Australia wotchedwa shaki oberekedwa ndi kuyikira dzira.
Mwa nsomba izi kulibe zodyedwa zowopsa kwa anthu - mkhalidwe wosakhala wankhanza, kakang'ono kakang'ono ka thupi ndi mano sikulola kuvulazidwa koopsa kwa anthu.
Kugawidwa kwa nsomba zamphaka zofiira.
Mphaka wamtundu wofiila amakhala m'madzi amphepete mwa nyanja, kuyambira pakati penipeni pa Peru kum'mwera kwa Chile kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean. Mtunduwu ndiwopezeka ku madera awa.
Mphaka wamphaka wamaonekedwe owala (Schroederichthys chilensis)
Zizolowezi za mphaka wofiira.
Akatswiri amphaka owoneka ndi maso omwe amapezeka pamalo amiyala pamalire a alumali. Kugawidwa kwawo kumawoneka ngati kwakanthawi, pamiyala yam'mapiri, chilimwe, ndi nthawi yophukira, komanso nthawi yozizira kumadzi akuya kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti kuyenda koteroko kumachitika chifukwa champhamvu nthawi yachisanu. Akamba amphaka ofiira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzimo kuchokera pa mita imodzi mpaka 50 kuya. M'mphepete mwa nyanja, pakuya kwa 8 mpaka 15 m nthawi yachilimwe komanso kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 100 m nthawi yozizira.
Zizindikiro zakunja za amphaka amphaka ofiira.
Tsamba lokhala ndi mawanga ofiira limakula mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 66. Kutalika kwa thupi la mkazi kumayambira 52 mpaka 54 cm, amphongo - kuyambira 42 mpaka 46 cm.
Mtundu wa shakiwu umakhala ndi thupi losalala labwinobwino, lofanana ndi banja lonse.
Amakhala ndi ma gill asanu, ndipo kutseguka kwa gill kwasanu komwe kuli pamwamba pa zipsepse. Amakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za m'makoma zopanda spine; oyamba kumapeto amapezeka pamwamba pa malo a pelvic. Palibe pafupifupi kukwera kumtambo.
Akamba amphaka ofiira amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi bulauni lakumbuyo chakumaso ndi kofiyira koyera kokhala m'mimba. Amakhala ndi malo amdima pansi pa thupi ndi zolemba zakuda zakuda m'malo oyera.
Kuchuluka kwa mano amuna amuna nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu ndi maula ochepa, omwe amawaganizira kuti amafunikira "kuluma" akazi panthawi ya chibwenzi.
Kubwezeretsanso kwa mphaka wamphaka wofiira.
Akatswiri owoneka ofiira amtundu wamtundu wamtambo nthawi yayitali, magulu aanthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana amawoneka nthawi yozizira, masika ndi chilimwe pafupi ndi San Antonio, Chile, Farinha ndi Ojeda. Komabe, nthawi zina, achikazi achikazi amaikira mazira awo chaka chonse.
Akamba amphaka ofiira amakhala ndi miyambo inayake yakubala, yomwe yamphongo imaluma ikamazaza mazira.
Izi mtundu wa shaki oviparous, mazira ophatikiza nthawi zambiri amakula oviduct. Amakumbidwa, nthawi zambiri mazira awiri mumutu uliwonse. Mimbulu imayamba chifukwa cha zolk. Shaki zazing'ono zimawoneka 14cm kutalika, ndizojambula zazing'ono zazikuluzi ndipo zimangodziyimira payokha, kupita kumadzi akuya. Amakhulupirira kuti mwachangu amasambira m'madzi akuya kwambiri, kuti asawonongeke kutsogola, ndikuti abwerere kwawo komwe amakhala atakula. Chifukwa chake, pali kulekanitsidwa kwa malo pakati pa achikulire ndi achinyamata, omwe ndi akhaki. Tsamba lokhala ndi mawanga ofiira limakula msanga, koma zaka zomwe umatha msinkhu sizikudziwika. Zoyembekeza moyo kuthengo sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Khalidwe la mphaka wofiira.
Akamba amphaka ofiira ndi nsomba imodzi. Amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala usiku, amakhala m'mapanga ndi m'makola masana, ndipo amapita usiku kukadyetsa. M'miyezi yozizira, amatsikira m'madzi akuya, kumapeto kwa chaka amayenda m'mphepete mwa alumali. Amakhulupirira kuti kuyenda kumeneku kumalumikizana ndi mphamvu yamphamvu panthawiyi ya chaka. Akatswiri owoneka amphaka, ofanana ndi shaki ena ambiri am'banja la Scyliorhinidae, apanga phokoso ndi zolandirira magetsi, mothandizidwa ndi nsomba zomwe zimatha kuzindikira kukhudzidwa kwa magetsi ndi nyama zina ndikudziyendetsa zokha ndi mphamvu zamatsenga.
Akambuku amphaka adalandira dzina chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa khwangwala wowoneka bwino wamaso. Amakhala ndi masomphenya abwino, ngakhale kuwala.
Chakudya chokhala ndi mphaka.
Mphalapala zokhala ndi mawanga ofiira zimadya nyama zazing'onoting'ono zosiyanasiyana. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi nkhanu ndi khwangwala. Amadyanso mitundu ingapo ya crustaceans ena, komanso nsomba, algae ndi mphutsi za polychaete.
Chifukwa chiyani shaki amatchedwa feline?
Shark adachita dzina la "mphaka" pazifukwa zomveka: oyimira onse amadziwa bwino mumdima ndipo amadyera masana.
Ndipo zonsezi siziri chifukwa cha masomphenya abwino, ngakhale maso akhungu amakhala akulu ndipo amawonekera, koma chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa masensa okhala ndi maso (omwe ali pafupi ndi maso), mothandizidwa ndi omwe shaki imazindikira ma siginecha amagetsi ochokera ku cholengedwa china chamoyo, makamaka nsomba.
Mtundu wa oimira banjali ndi ofanana - imvi, malasha, chakuda chakumbuyo kapena chakuda, chokhala ndi mawanga akuda komanso mawonekedwe achikasu achikasu kapena mchenga, koma khungu limafanana ndi sandpaper.
Thupi la shaki ndi lochepera komanso limasinthasintha feline, komabe mutu umakhala waukulu komanso wosalala.
Popeza mphaka umadyetsa ma crustaceans, zimatengera moyo wabwino - zomwe ndizomwe zimasinthidwa: mphuno yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa mutu imakutidwa ndi mavuvu akhungu.
Onerani kanema - Shaka Wamphaka:
Fungo la shark limapangidwa bwino komanso limathandiza kupeza nyama ngakhale mumdima.
Mano ndi ang'ono, osamveka, koma amatha kukukuta zipolopolo. Gill amayamba kusadziwika. Mafuta a caudal ndiwotalikirapo ndipo alibe pafupifupi m'munsi, pomwe zipsepse za dorsal zimayandikira pafupi ndi ndalama za caudal.
Anthu onse m'banjamo samakonda kutentha kotentha ndipo amakonda kutentha.
Zodabwitsa kwambiri za amphaka amphaka
Mphaka wamphaka kapena wamtambo-wakuda, yemwenso ndi shark wamsaka (Galeus melastomus), wasankha mtundu kuchokera ku Adriatic kupita ku North Sea. Dzina la nsomba limadzilankhulira lokha - kumtunda kwa finyo kulibe.
Mphaka wodziwika bwino kwambiri wamphaka (Scyliorhinus canicula) amapezeka m'mphepete mwa North Africa ndi m'mphepete mwa Norway ndipo ndi munthu wamba wam'banjali. Kwenikweni, kukula kwa nsomba sikukuchulukirapo 60-70 cm, koma nthawi zina zitsanzo za mita zimapezeka.
Shaki yamphaka waku California, yemwenso imatupa (Cephaloscyllimn ventriosum), imakhala m'mphepete mwa California. Dzina la shark lidachitika chifukwa cha chinthu chimodzi: ikagwidwa, ndiye kuti m'mphepete mwa shaki imeza mpweya ndikuziziritsa m'mimba - mwina kuyesera kuteteza ndi kuwopseza mdani.
Nthawi zina akatupa amtunduwu amasambira pamadzi.
Onerani kanema - Shark Swark (Shark shark):
Mphaka wamphaka wa ku Australia wotchedwa coral shark (Atelomycterus macleayi), wokulirapo masentimita 60, amakonda madzi ofunda ndipo amakhala m'mphepete mwa Northwest Australia pakati pamatanthwe a coral, akudyetsa ma mollusks. Kuphatikiza pa mawanga amdima, ngati nthumwi zonse, pali zikwangwani za mawonekedwe achisoni.
Mphaka wamphaka wamtundu wakuda (Aulohalaelurus labiosus), yomwe siili nyanja yakuya ndipo imasaka akuya kwa 5 metres, imakhalanso kugombe la Australia.
Popeza imakhala m'madzi osaya, osapezeka kwambiri kuti asodzi, ngakhale nthumwi zamtunduwu sizidyedwa, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa kuti zizisungidwa m'madzi am'madzi.
Mphaka wamtundu wa Tasmanian amakhala ku gombe la South Australia (Asymboius vincenti), kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyo ndi mawonekedwe a mutu: yaying'ono ndi yozungulira.
Kankhomera ku Australia (amodzi) ndi Asymboius analis, amakhala kutali kwambiri, motero amakhala ndi malo achilendo.
Onerani kanema - Shaki Yemwe Amatha:
Palinso mphaka wamtundu wa Madeira wakuda shark (Apristurus maderensis), yemwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic, ndi mtundu wa amphaka amtundu wotchedwa (Apristurus brunneus) m'madzi ofunda a Pacific Ocean, onsewa ndi nthumwi zoyimira banja.
Pakuya kupitirira mamilimita 600 mu nyanja zonse mumatha kuwona shaki zakuda zokha (Apristurus), zimalemba mayina awo - ali ndi mitundu yakuda yakuda. Mwina kukhalapo kwa mutu wowoneka bwino (wokulirapo ndi wothinikizidwa) kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi malo.
Oimira onse a feline shark akuyika mazira, kutengera mtunduwo, amaikira mazira 2-22 mu kapisozi kolimba, kamene kamakhala pansi.
Onerani kanemayo - Cat shark amayikira mazira:
Mwinanso kufunafuna ulemu kumathandiza banja kukhalanso ndi anthu ambiri.
Kupatula apo, munthu, pozindikira kuti amphaka amphaka sangathe kumuvulaza chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, amawononga anyani amtundu wabwino m'njira zonse zotheka: amawadya (ngakhale osakhala pamsika wamalonda), amawagwira kuti asamalire nsomba, kusangalala ndi alendo komanso kufuna kusaka.
Kuchulukitsa
Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1848 mu Bulletin "Bulletsin ya United States ya nsomba ndi Zinyama Zakuthengo . Mtundu wa holot ndi wamwamuna wamkulu wamasentimita 32.8, adagwidwa mu 1957 mu Nyanja ya Carribe kumtunda kwa Cape Gracias a Dios (Honduras) akuya kwa 410 m.Parat ndi wamkazi wamkulu 33,5 cm, wogwidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kufotokozera
Mphaka yemwe ali ndi mawanga ali ndi thupi lonenepa kwambiri komanso lotiuza wozungulira. Mphuno zimakonzedwa ndi makutu amkati mwa chikopa. Pakamwa pake ndi ponseponse. Kuchulukana kwa matupi a achichepere achichepere ndi achikulire omwe ndi ofanana kwambiri, omwe amasiyanitsa mtunduwu ndi oyimira ena amtundu wa shark owoneka. Izi zikusonyeza kuti iyi ndi mtundu wamtundu waku pedomorphic. Pansi pamiyeso yoyamba ya dorsal ili kuseri kwa maziko a zipsepse zamkati. Madera achiwiri omaliza amakhala akulu pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Malo ake ali kuseri kwa maziko a anal fin. Mtundu wawukulu ndi wachikaso- chikasu kapena imvi yopepuka, mawanga 6 bulauni okhala ndi mawanga oyera ambiri amwazika kumbuyo.
Kufotokozera
Ma cheki achikale amapezeka kutalika kuyambira 30 mpaka 66 cm, ngakhale kukula kwake kumatengedwa kuchokera kwa asodzi ogwidwa, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amatha kukula kuposa pamenepo.
Matupi awo ndi othinana komanso osalala, mawonekedwe amphaka wa shaki. Mbali yawo ya dorsal ndi yofiirira yakuda yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima achisoni kumbali yawo. Maimidwe awo am'mimba ndi oyera ndi mawanga ofiira. Ma cheki a redspotted amakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za dorsal, ndi woyamba dorsal sinus kumtunda kwa pelvic. Zipsepse zawo zobowola zilibe minga, ndipo michira yawo ilibe chopindika.
Masamba obwezeretsanso okhala ndi mano a multicuspid. Komabe, amuna amakonda kukhala ndi mano ataliatali okhala ndi ma spikes ochepa. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zingathandize kukonza kuluma.
Khalidwe
Ziwonetsero zokhala ndi mphindikati ndizochita nokha, zolengedwa zamadzulo. Amakhala m'mapanga ndi m'miyala masana ndipo amapita usiku kukadyetsa. Amasamukira. Komabe, amakhala zaka zambiri pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa alumali.
Ubalewu ndiwodziwika kwa shark wodziwika wa ku Chile yemwe samadziwika. Komabe, monga nsomba zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo mamembala ena a banja la Scyliorhinidae, amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi fungo labwino, komanso kuti ali ndi magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuwona magetsi omwe amatulutsidwa ndi nyama zina, ndikuwathandizanso kuwona maginito, omwe amathandizira poyenda.
Masamba obwezeretsanso amaika magazi amphaka amtunduwu, omwe amayatsidwa magazi a catshark kudzera mu leech.
Palibe nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zamphaka, ngakhale kuti achinyamata amakhala zaka zambiri panyanja. Amakhulupilira kupewa zilombo, ngakhale kuti adaniwa sakudziwika.
Chakudya
Mphaka wa redspotted amadya nyama zomwe zimakhala pamiyala pafupi ndi alumali. Zakudya zawo zoyambirira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanu ndi rynchocinetid rock shrimp. Rhynchocinetes typus (Farina ndi Ojeda 1993). Amadziwikanso kuti adya nsomba, zopangira algae, komanso ma polychaetes osiyanasiyana. Masamba obwezeretsedwanso ndi nyama yofunika kuderako ndi chilengedwe. Amakhala ndi chida chachikulu pazamoyo zomwe zimagwidwa pansi pamiyala.
Ntchito zachilengedwe zamphaka zamphaka zofiira.
Akamba amphaka ofiira ndi ulalo wofunikira mu maunyolo azakudya zawo. Izi zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa mu benthic kuchuluka pagombe.
Shaki zimanyamula majeremusi angapo, kuphatikiza leeches, trypanosomes. Trypanosomes imamatira m'magazi a nsomba ndikugwiritsa ntchito matupi awo ngati gawo lalikulu.
Kubereka
Masamba obwezeretsedwanso ndi ovipositor. Kubalana kumachitika mwa anthu onse pachaka. Komabe, nthawi zina amakumana, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, ngakhale kuti akazi nthawi zina amakhala atavala mazira m'chilimwe. Amakhala ndi ma polygynandrous ndipo pomwe abambo amakhathamiritsa mazira achikazi, nthawi zambiri amachita zomwe zimatchedwa kuti "za tsopano", zomwe zimakhala zachimuna zikaluma mkazi.
Mphaka wa mphaka wobadwa m'mazira amadzaza, omwe amakhala ndi umuna ndikutulutsidwa m'madzi. Pakakhala mazira awiri mumutu uliwonse, womwe umatchedwanso chikwama cha mermaid. Mimbulu imadyera pa yolk ya dzira pomwe ikaswa. Izi zikaswa mazira, asodzi amawoneka ngati akulu akulu. Komabe, shaki zimakula mwachangu. Amakhulupirira kuti ana osambira amasambira m'madzi akuya kuti apewe zolusa zomwe zimagawidwa, kuti amabwerera atakula. Chifukwa chake, pali kusiyana pakati pa akuluakulu ndi ana.
Mtengo kwa munthuyo.
Akamba amphaka ofiira ndi nkhani ya asayansi omwe amapangidwa mu labotale, amagwidwa kuti apange kafukufuku, chifukwa chake nsomba izi zimatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba. Koma amawononga asodzi a mafakitale ku Chile ndi Peru, akamadyetsa anthu wamba, kuwedza komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri kumaiko ena.
Mkhalidwe Wachilengedwe ndi Zachuma
Ma cheki a Redspotted sanalembedwe mu Red Book pa IUCN Red orodha, US Federal List, kapena CITES. Sidziwika, mitundu yosatetezeka kapena yowopsezedwa.
Masamba obwezeretsedwako ali ndi vuto pa chuma cha anthu. Amadyetsa pafupi ndi gombe ndi pansi crustaceans. Izi ndizovulaza kwa asodzi azamalonda chifukwa nsomba zazinkhanira m'derali ndizofunikira kwambiri zachuma. Nthawi zambiri ma Catshark amagwira nsomba mu nsomba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe ngakhale sizachuma, zimatha kuwononga maukonde komanso nthawi yomwe yatayika pochotsa nsomba moyenera.
Shaki yokhala ndi mbewe.
Kulemba amphaka amphaka omwe ali ndi chiwonetsero chofiira pamndandanda wofiira, pali zambiri zochepa pa kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuwopseza amtunduwu. Abera asodzi a nsomba m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pansi komanso nsomba zazitali. Sizikudziwika ngati abambo amphaka ofiidwa ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo kapena akuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Chifukwa chake, palibe njira zozisungirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.
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