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Dziko la Netherlands lidatchuka chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri pakupanga, kupanga sitima, ndi luso lolemba malo. Ndipo ali othokoza kwambiri mdziko muno chifukwa cha hering'i, anali amalinyero am'deralo omwe adaphunzira kuphika nsomba kuti idayenerera phwando lachifumu. Ndizosavuta kukhulupirira, koma kwa nthawi yayitali mtedzawu udawonedwa ngati nsomba zonyansa kwambiri.
Ode kuti hering'i
Wina anganene kuti: "Tangoganizani, ndilinso ndi nsomba yakugulitsa. Zokoma, sindikutsutsana, koma palibe chapadera ”- ndipo zidzakhala zolakwika. Hering ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la mavitamini A, D ndi B12, omwe ali ndi mafuta othandiza komanso ofunikira amafuta acid. Tsoka ilo, matupi athu sangathe kudzipanga pawokha, ndipo ma asidi awa ayenera kupezeka mu chakudya cha onse omwe amayesa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale ma herrone onenepa kwambiri ku Norwe ali ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa kuposa chiuno chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, ndipo mapindu a Omega-3 mafuta acids omwe amapezeka mu nsomba iyi amakhala ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri. Ma asidi awa amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osakhazikika, kusintha khungu, tsitsi ndi misomali, amathandizanso kukulitsa ndi kukula kwa maselo amthupi (chifukwa chake, ma Omega-3 acids ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzekera kwathunthu kwa ana athu). |
Ubongo wa munthu ndi 60 peresenti yamafuta, ndipo ma omega-3 fat acids amakhala osachepera 30 peresenti. Acids omwewo amalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi.
Hering (dzina lachi Latin loti "clupea") ndi nsomba ya banja lankhumba, lomwe limakula mpaka masentimita 50 ndipo likugwirizana kwambiri ndi hering'i, kuphukira ndi kuphuka. Mtundu wa hering'i umaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 60 ya nsomba zomwe zimagawidwa munyanja zamadziwisi komanso ozizira, komanso gawo lina lotentha. Mitundu ina ndi ya m'madzi oyenda panyanja ndipo simalowa madzi abwino, ina ndi nsomba zosamukira ndipo zimalowa m'mitsinje kuti ikatulutsidwe. Zakudya zawo zimapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ma crustaceans ang'ono (ambiri mwa Copepods), koma nsomba zazing'ono zimalowanso m'mimba zawo. Hering akuwoneka kuti amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'moyo wake. Kutulutsa kwake kumachitika chaka chonse komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Hering'i yayikulu imamera pakuya kwa 130 - 220 mamita, hering'ono yaying'ono ili pafupi ndi gombe, nthawi zina 2 mita kuchokera pamadzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'malo a mchere pang'ono. Pakucheka, hering'i imasonkhanitsidwa m'masukulu akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zina amakhala onenepa kwambiri kotero kuti kukakamizidwa kwa nsomba kumatsika m'mwamba kuchokera kumadzi. |
Modabwitsa, zaka sikisi zokha zapitazo, anthu ambiri sakanalingalira konse kuti hering'i inali yoyenera kudya. Kununkhira kosalekeza kwa mafuta a nsomba ndi kuwawa kwawoko sikunasiye mwayi uliwonse wanena kuti nsomba ndiyopeza. Kuphatikiza apo, hering'i ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zonenepa kwambiri, motero zimawonongeka mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chaichi ziyenera kukonzedwa pafupifupi atangogwidwa. Kuchokera apa, zatsopano, kuchokera m'bwatomo, hering'i amadyedwa m'mizinda yoyandikira. Kodi zinatani kuti hering'i izifalikira chonchi?
Dziko lapaupayiniya lamtunduwu wam'nyanja ndi Holland. Ndipo kuyambitsa kwa njira yokonzera nsomba, momwe ingasungireko kukoma ndi kutaya zolakwika zake zochepa, ndi za asodzi osavuta a m'mudzi wa Bierflit ku Dutch Flanders, Willem Jacob Beikeltson, yemwe amangotchedwa Beckel. Anali iye yemwe, zaka zopitilira mazana asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo mu 80s ya XIV century, adabwera ndi izi: atatha kusodza, nsomba zolemera 50 mpaka 70 magalasi, matumba amachotsedwa, kusiya zikondamoyo mmenemo, ndikuyika m'mbale mbiya zonyansa, zowazidwa ndi zigawo zamchere. Kuthana ndi phindu lake lapadera tsiku lotsatira ndipo ndi mankhwalawa amatha kusungidwa kwazaka zambiri. Mpaka pano, hering'i yabwino kwambiri ku Netherlands konse amatchedwa "beckling" (polemekeza Beikelzon) ndipo amasinthidwa amitundu mitundu yonse yotsatira ya maapulo, ozika mizu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (koma njira yofananira) m'maiko ena ndikusinthidwa mosiyanasiyana mitundu ya hering'i - Scottish, Norway, Icelandic. Atamwalira mu 1397, anthu achi Dutch omwe amayamikirawo adamuyika chipilala. Masiku ano manda a asodzi osavuta awa ndi malo “oyipirapo” kwa anthu ambiri. Othandizana nawo komanso alendo ambiri amabwera kudzam'chezera, kupereka ndalama kwa munthu yemwe wapatsa dziko lapansi chokometsera chosangalatsa, koma nthawi yomweyo chosavuta. |
Chifukwa chake, njira yopangira mchere wa hering'i, yomwe Beikelzon adayipangira, idalemekeza mwachangu ku Holland konse, kenako ku Europe. Mu 1390, mbiya yoyamba yokhala ndi hering'i yamchere idagunda pa tebulo la anthu wamba achi Dutch. Ndipo posakhalitsa Holland imakonzekeretsa "gulu lawo" ku Europe. Hering yakhala chinthu chamadzi kwambiri. Koma zidafika ku Russia mzaka za 15, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16 zidagulidwa ndi migolo masauzande ambiri, ndipo kale m'zaka za zana la 17. Hering yasanduka imodzi mwazakudya zazikulu (komanso mbatata yophika) ya patebulo la anthu aku Russia.
Hering sinanenedwepo kuti ndi zakudya zabwino - anthu wamba, oyendetsa sitima, asodzi, komanso anthu osauka m'matauni adakondwera nazo. Pambuyo pake, monga "chakudya cha anthu", hering'i imasamukira ku matebulo osankhika, omwe amadzaza ndi sturgeon ndi oyster. Anayamikirira ndikukondana ndi hering'i m'maiko osiyanasiyana, osati ku Holland kokha, komanso ku Poland, England, Russia, ndi zina zambiri.
Hiding wakhala malo apadera azachuma ku Holland cha m'ma 1700. Kwenikweni, chinali chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa mchere wa herring kuti Amsterdam adabwera patsogolo pa malonda aku Europe. "Amsterdam adamangidwa pamifupa ya hering'i." Ngati Renaissance yamasulira mzimu, ndiye kuti hering'ala yathetsa chuma. Moyo wotchuka wa Joseph de Bry "Kutamandidwa kwa Hering" (Dresden, 1656) (Bray, Josef de (? - 1664)) unapangidwa mozungulira kutulutsa ndakatulo ya ndakatulo ya Jacobi Westerban (Jacobi Westerbani Minne-Dichten, Harlem, 1633). Nali kumasulira kwake kwenikweni:
Tamandani hering'i Maso amchere ndi oyera, Mafuta, onenepa komanso wautali Kale wopanda mutu Dulani bwino m'mimba ndi kumbuyo, Ndikachotsedwa khungu. Zoyikamo zimatulutsidwa Choyikika kapena chokazinga pamoto, Musaiwale za uta, Ndipo nthawi isanathe Ankapita dzuwa lonse Idyani anjala. Ndi chidutswa ichi, Ukulu wofanana ndi mkate wa anthu wamba, Rye mkate amadyedwa. Kuchiritsa kwabwino Teriak sangathe Kukhala woyenera kutamandidwa. Sip, ali bwino kwambiri pamenepo, Bred kapena Harlem mowa Kapena kuchokera ku malo odyera a Delft, Amamwa Zoyeneranso, zosalala ndi zoterera, Kuledzeranso m'mawa. Ndipo ngati mukumva zoyipa Ndipo munayamba mwamasuka, kutsuka, Amatha kukupangani kukhala watsopano komanso wosangalala. Ndichilitsidwe ku Ma Cathars, Zomwe zimachokera kumutu Ndipo amasunthira pachifuwa ndi mano. Ndipo zimathandiza kulemba moyenera, Ndipo posachedwa nthawi, Ndipo amayendetsa mphepo Zomwe zimafunikira chakudya ndi zakumwa. Zingakhale bwanji zina Wamadya chakudya chamchere chamchere, Zabwino kuposa munthu wokongola komanso wamtopola Amakoka mikanda yake mwachidwi. |
Pakadali pano, hering'i imagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pelagic trawl, maukonde, maukonde. Zomwe zimagwidwa pachaka zikutha mpaka mabiliyoni angapo.
Mchere wachi Dutch womwe udagundidwa ndi ngalawa pomwepo zombo, pomwe zimadzaza mitsuko yamchere. Pafupifupi nkhuku zokhala ndi hering'i (ndiye kuti, malemu ake amachotsedwa), zimayikidwa m'miphika ndikuzisintha ndi mchere. Sitimayo imabwerera kunyumba pokhapokha migolo yonse itadzaza ndi hering'i. A Scot amabweretsa holo yonse ya herring kumtunda nthawi zambiri patsiku la usodzi. Apa, nsomba imalowetsa malo amchere, momwe imaphikidwamo chimodzimodzi ndi A Dutch. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti heringayo samatola ali amoyo, ndipo mitsempha ya magazi siyakhetsa magazi, monga kutulutsa zitsamba zokhazokha. Pankhaniyi, hering'i yamchere amadziwika ndi kuyera ndi kudekha kwa nyama. Kazembe wa Hering ku Scotland amapangidwanso ndi mchere wouma mwachindunji m'miphika komanso popanda firiji. Ku Norway, kubayira kumachotsedwera ndikungochotsa mlatho pakati pamutu ndi thunthu pansi pazomanga, zomwe sizidulidwe. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri kuwedza kumachitika ndi magulu akuluakulu am'mbali otchinga mitsinje (nyanja zolumikizana) ndipo nsomba imalowetsedwamo ili ndi chakudya chokwanira, hering'i ku Norland ndiyosafunikira kwenikweni, chifukwa ndiyabwino kwambiri. |
Achi Dutch adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha njira yawo yolondola yodulira, chifukwa cha zomwe ma gourofia ochokera konsekonse ku Europe amabwera ku Netherlands. Hering'i yabwino kwambiri yaku Dutch imatchedwa maatjes kubola - "hering'anga" kapena "namwali wamphongo", ndiye kuti, amene sanataye mazira asanagwidwe. Kusaka ubweya wa namwali kumayambira kumapeto kwa Meyi, kumayambiriro kwa "nyengo ya hering'i", yomwe amakondwerera ku Holland ndi mipikisano yapadera yosodza - sitimayo yomwe ndiyo yoyamba kubweretsa koyamba kugombe. "Atsikana otsogola" omwe agulitsidwa kuchokera ku "mbiya yoyamba" amapita kukagula ndalama zodabwitsa (mbiya masiku ano ikhoza kubweretsa € 60,000). Mutha kuyesa "chinamwali chatsopano" kuchokera ku migolo ina pachona chilichonse cha Amsterdam kapena mizinda ina ya Dutch. Mu nyengo, zimatenga ndalama, amazigulitsa kuchokera pamatayala omwe amakhazikidwa pamakatoni, anyezi, osadulidwa bwino, maapozi achikasu owala ndi mafuta a azitona. "Mtsikana weniweni" wa ku Netherlands amasungunula pakamwa panu ngati ayisikilimu wodekha.
Anthu aku Norwegi, anthu am'nyanja ngati achi Dutch, nawonso amakonda ma hering'i. Wolemba ku Norway a Martin Andersen-Nexe nthawi ina adanenanso kuti ku Norway ndimakonda kudya heringidwe 21 pa sabata (ndiye kuti katatu patsiku). Ndipo izi ndi zowona: apa mutha kugwiritsa ntchito hering'i yanu pakudya cham'mawa, kumawonetsa ndi msuzi wosiyanasiyana ndi zokometsera. Hering'ior ya ku Norway ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha nkhani yake yayikulu komanso mafuta ake ambiri - ku USSR yakale, idabwera mashelufu pansi pa dzina losadziwika bwino la "polar holo". Wolemba ku France a Alexander Dumas abambo: "kanthawi kochepa" katswiri wazokometsa komanso wokonda kudya, amakhulupirira kuti kulibe wowongoletsa kuposa herport Norman. Wolemba buku lotchedwa Great Culinary Dictionary komanso wofunika kwambiri ndi hering'i, Dumas adalongosola za hering'i yodzikongoletsa ndi chidwi chenicheni cha Gallic: "Hering amadziwika ndi onse. Ndizinena zowonjezereka: anthu ochepa samamukonda ... Usana ndi usiku mutha kuwona ma sherings omwe akuwoneka ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, ngati mwala wosawonongeka wa Ayuda akale. Usiku - mwa kuwala kwa phosphorescent komwe iwo adatulutsa, ndipo masana - ndi magulu a mbalame zomwe zimadya nsomba, kumadzigonera munyanja yayikulu ndikukwera m'mwamba ndikuwombera siliva m'milomo yake. " |
A Danes amadziwanso zambiri za hering'i, ndipo amatulutsa filimu yake yozunguliridwa ndi msuzi wavinyo - iyi ndi pulogalamu yomweyo ya "materia" yomwe tsopano yophika m'malesitanti onse padziko lapansi. Mitengo imakonda kudya hering'i ndi mafuta ophika, anyezi ndi vodika, Briteniyo amawuphika mumafuta a masamba ndikumwa ndi mowa ...
Maphikidwe otchuka kwambiri a hering, monga lamulo, amadziwika kuti ndi "zokhwasula-khwasula", amatha kukhala herring mu msuzi wa mpiru kapena hering'i mu msuzi wa vin, ndipo akhoza kukhala mincemeat kapena roller grill. Forshmak (mumasulidwe aulere "asanakhazikitsidwe") ndi kunyada kwa zakudya zachiyuda, pulogalamu yofundira ya hering'i yowotchera itanyowa mu tiyi kapena mkaka, ndi kusakaniza ndi mkate, mazira ndi maapulo. Pali maphikidwe ambiri a forshmak m'mbiri, ndipo, mwachizolowezi, aliyense wosamalira ake akutsimikiza kuti Chinsinsi ichi ndichabwino kwambiri. Rolmops ndi cholowa cha miyambo yazakudya za ku North Germany, chakudya chodabwitsa ichi ndi chidutswa chatsopano (ndipo hering'i ikhoza kukhala yatsopano - osati yamchere), hering'i, wokutidwa bwino ndi nkhaka zowuma ndikuphika ndi prosaic nkhaka iyi mu vodice wokometsera. Rolmops anali ndi gulu la mitundu iliyonse ya soseti zabwino kapena mbatata zosenda.
Anthu aku Soviet Union, njira, amakonda herring ndi chikondi chowopsa - chifukwa chinali chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe nthawi zina zimagulidwa mosagulitsa m'masitolo. Ku Russia, heringayo amavala "chovala" chosanjika chambiri, chowonjezeredwa ndi vinaigrette kapena amangodziyika patebulo ndi mbatata zophika, batala, dontho la viniga ndi mphete za crispy, anyezi woyipa. Ndizovuta kwa bambo waku Russia, makamaka kutali kwambiri ndi nyanja ndi nyanja, kuganiza kuti heringamu, ndikutulutsa, ikhoza kukhala yopanda mchere, komanso yatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mawonekedwe awa, hering'i ikhoza kudabwitsa malingaliro a gourmet ngati, atha kuphika bwino. Choyamba, hering'i iyenera kudulidwa pang'onopang'ono - osayesa kuyiyika m'madzi, ndibwino kuyiyika mumbale ndikuyiwusiya pabalaza pansi pa firiji. Kuchokera ku hering'i yatsopano, mutha kupanga khutu labwino, mutha kuyikunguliza mu ufa ndi mwachangu mu batala, kapena mutha kuphika pa waya wamiyala. |
Mwambiri, mchere wamchere, wowutsa kapena wowotchera ndi umodzi mwamipando yokomera demokalase komanso nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zonse chimakhala chotseka. Pamodzi ndi mkate wakuda ndi nkhaka, hering'i imawoneka ngati appetizer yapamwamba, komanso mbatata yophika - imodzi mwa mbale zotchuka pakati pa anthu. Nthawi zonse pamakhala malo oti azikaloweka tebulo.
Kuyika heringayo bwino pagome ndi luso. Mbiya, yogulidwa mokulira, kapena hering'i yamchere yamchere nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mchere wambiri, kotero mukatha kuyeretsa nthawi zina kumafunika kuwira. Mwa izi, mkaka umakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kupanga tiyi ndi madzi ndizoyenera. Ngati mukufuna kudabwitsa okondedwa anu ndikupanga china chake chachilendo kuchokera ku hering'i yamchere, yesani mitundu ina yazodzaza ndi masoseti, mwachitsanzo, ndi mayonesi. Ndipo msuzi wowawasa wowawasa, umayenda bwino ndi apulo wokometsedwa - musaiwale kuwonjezera shuga pang'ono, mandimu ndi parsley. Hering imakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera ngati ililidwe ndi mpiru. Kodi mumazindikira bwanji kuti nsomba zamchere zomwe mudagula ndi zabwino? Kuthira mchere wokwanira bwino kumakhala ndi mitundu yodziyimira, nyama yowonda ndipo, mwapadera, kukoma kosangalatsa kwapadera kokha. Limba lamchere lamchere limasiyanitsa pakati pa hering'i wamchere (kuchokera 12-14% mchere), sing'anga wamchere (8-12% mchere wambiri) ndi mchere pang'ono (6-8% wamchere). Mchere wamchere wochepa mchere wa Atlantic (osachepera 12% mafuta) umawonedwa ngati kanthu. Kuchita kuwaza hering'i nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofewa komanso kosavuta kuposa mchere. Zosakaniza zokometsera zosiyanasiyana zimapereka chithunzithunzi chapadera pakumveka ndi kununkhira. Mwa njira, achi Dutch enieniwo amadya chakudya chamaso ndi mkate woyera, wowazidwa ndi anyezi wosenda bwino, ndikutsuka ndi mowa kapena chakumwa chaukali cha "Zhenever". Dutch marinade ndi pomwe shuga, mandimu, tsabola, kaloti, lavrushka, anyezi ndi tsabola zimawonjezeredwa ku hering'i yatsopano, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musauze nsomba zambiri, tsiku limodzi kapena awiri azikhala okwanira kuti hering'i ikwaniritse kukoma kwabwino! |
Pomaliza, ndikuwuzani maphikidwe osavuta awiri kuchokera ku hering'i (mwina mukudziwa njira zambiri zophikira saladi wodziwika bwino "hering'ani mkanjo wa ubweya"!):
Chinsinsi Choyamba:
1 hering, 150 g batala, 2 kirimu tchizi, 3 yaying'ono kaloti. Peel hering'i, osiyana ndi mafupa, wiritsani kaloti ndi peel. Ndiye kudutsa hering'i, kaloti, batala, tchizi mu chopukusira nyama kapena kuwaza mu blender ndikusakaniza bwino. Misa yotsitsimutsa imatha kufalikira pa mkate, mazira odzaza ... Tsitsani malingaliro anu!
Chinsinsi chachiwiri (Kwa omwe amakonda zakudya zabwino):
Kusenda kwa hering'i, kulekanitsidwa ndi mafupa ndi kuwaza, kuwaza anyezi wambiri ndi kulowera mu apulo kapena viniga ya viniga kuti muchepetse kuwawa ndikuwapatsa kukoma. Sakanizani anyezi ndi hering'i, onjezani karoti womalizidwa ku Korea. Zabwino!
Gawo logawa ndi phindu la mafakitale
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti hering'i ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Ndizambiri mwa Nyanja Zisanu, Caspian, Baltic ndi nyanja zina zambiri. Imalekerera bwino komanso kutentha pang'ono. Hering imagwidwa ngakhale pagombe la Greenland.
Mitundu ina ya hering'i imamva bwino m'madzi atsopano. Olemera ndi nsomba zamalonda zamtunduwu, mwachitsanzo, a Danube ndi a Don.
M'mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi mwayi wopita kunyanja, kusodza kwamafuta azitsamba ndikofunikira kwambiri pachuma. M'malo azisodzi a nsomba, zombo za ku Russia ndi ku Norway zimapezeka kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe a banja ndi mitundu
Banja lankhosa ndilokulitsa. Mamembala ake onse ali ndi thupi lofanana - lalitali komanso lathyali kuchokera kumbali. Zida za hering'i zimakhala ndi nsagwada yapansi. Zipsepazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda kwambiri kuposa siliva. Woimira banja nthawi zonse ndiye mbedza yomwe amadziwa.
Mitundu ya nsomba yam'banja iyi ikuyerekezedwa ndi 188. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso mitundu ina. Pakati pazosungitsa za hering'i zomwe zimapezeka pamafufufu athu, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino:
- ming'alu yamadzi ndi yolimba,
- hering'i
- Danube
- Baltic hering'i.
Ma subspecies awiri oyambilira ndi ofanana mwakuti asodzi odziwa usodzi amawasiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake. Pacific nthawi zambiri silikhala lalikulu kwambiri. Hering'i ya Baltic ndiyocheperako, yopepuka, mulimo mafupa ochepa. Danube imakhala yocheperako, mu kilogalamu pali nsomba 5-7, koma imakhala yamafuta komanso yambiri. Palinso Don, koma imagulitsidwa ndikudya nthawi yomweyo pafupi ndi malo ogwirirapo, monga Nyanja Yakuda. Miyala yam'nyanja nthawi zonse imakhala yocheperako kuposa nyanja zamchere.
Ntchito yophika
Kuguba nsomba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ozizira appetizer, saladi, pastes. Osewera mafilimu amakonzedwanso kuchokera kwa iwo ma flounces, zikondamoyo, proferoles. Chingwe cholowetsedwa, chopingidwa, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya chokhazikika pakumwa mowa wamphamvu, ngakhale nsomba nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi vinayi yoyera.
Nsombayi ndi yoyenera kuphika zakudya zazakudya zingapo za ku Asia, mwachitsanzo, "Iye" saladi. Caviar wamtengo wapatali komanso mkaka wa hering'i awa ndi pafupifupi 217 kcal pa 100 g.
Hiding ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zochepa zomwe, pamtengo wotsika kwambiri, zimakhala ndi malo azosangalatsa. Kutha kuphika hering'i okoma kumawoneka ngati kofunikira komanso chofunikira kwa wophika aliyense.
Malamulo Ochotsa Malamulo
Mwina iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri. Mchere wa hering'i wamchere ndi njira yabwino yowonjezeranso mbale zam' mbatata. Mutha kuthira mchere nsomba zonse, kapena kudula zidutswa kapena kungodula zidutswa zosavuta pamodzi ndi msana ndi nthiti. Kuchotsera komwe kumachitika.
Pofesa kilogalamu ya hering muyenera 2,5 tbsp. l mchere. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa kupera "owonjezera", osasoka hering'i, kapena nsomba zina. Koma wamkulu m'madzi amayenda bwino kwambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito onse brine komanso kazembe wouma.
Ngati mumakonda zonunkhira, onjezani ma pepper peppers asanu, masamba angapo a sing'anga bay, 3 cloves ku brine.
Mitsuko ya hering'i, ikani mbale, kuwaza ndi mchere mbali zonse. Chokani kwa tsiku limodzi ngati mukufuna kutsukidwa pang'ono. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito brine, onjezerani 600 ml ya madzi ndi supuni ina yamchere. Ena amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera 1 tsp. shuga, koma izi ndizosankha. Shuga amachititsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yofewa, koma simuyenera kuwopa kununkhira kokoma, sichingakhale.
Zomera zokhazokha
Chotsatira chotsatira, nsomba zamitundu yambiri ndizoyenera: hering'i, saury, mackerel, hering'i. Wiritsani lita imodzi yamadzi, onjezani 2 tbsp. l viniga, uzitsine wa cardamom, 0,5 tsp. tsabola wakuda, 4 cloves, 3 Bay masamba, 2 tsp. shuga ndi 1 tbsp. l mchere. Ma marinade atakhazikika, dzazani nsomba, kuphimba ndikulola kuyima kwa maola 8-12.
Zabodza komanso zenizeni zokhudzana ndi hering'i wokazinga
Hering'i yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yothiridwa ndi kutentha nthawi zambiri. Ndi nthabwala. M'malo mwake, mutha kuwaza nsomba izi, koma zatsopano zokha, zopanda mchere. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti malonda otere alibe mawonekedwe apadera amakoma. China chake ndi hering'i yophika pamtengo. Izi ndi zina bwino pa mackerel okwera mtengo. Kumiza nsomba, kuwaza ndi chisakanizo cha mchere ndi tsabola kunja ndi mkati mwamkati, kuwaza ndi mandimu ndikuchoka kwa maola angapo. Kuphika hering'i pa grill kapena pa grill, kupewa malawi kuti ayake. Kusakhalapo kwa madzi ofiira otuluka khungu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa khungu ndizizindikiro zenizeni zakukonzekera.
Braering Hering
Kuguba nsomba kumakhalanso bwino mu mawonekedwe owumbidwa. Ndipo zonunkhira zonunkhira ndizowonjezerapo bwino kwa mbatata zosenda, mpunga wopepuka, phala la buckwheat kapena pasitala.
Dulani hering'i muzidutswa 2 cm, ndikuyika kolifulawa ndi anyezi. Thirani mafuta osakaniza a mpendadzuwa ndi tiyi wamphamvu. Onjezani zonunkhira, mchere. Simmer kwa mphindi 40. Mutha kutumiza kolifulawa mu uvuni - nthawi yophika ikhale theka la ola. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito hering'i, mutha kuphika kwathunthu ndi iyi Chinsinsi.
Kuchuluka kwa malonda ndi izi:
- 0,5 makilogalamu nsomba
- Anyezi 2,
- 0,3 tbsp. mafuta
- 1 tbsp. tiyi wamphamvu wakuda (zotheka ndi bergamot kapena prunes),
- mchere - 0,5 tsp.,
- tsabola kulawa
- ochepa anyezi peel, turmeric - osankha, kuti apatse mthunzi.
Hering'i wowuma
Hering'i yamchere, mwachidziwikire, ndi chakudya chosangalatsa komanso chosinthasintha, koma nthawi zina mumatha kutopa ngakhale zomwe mumakonda. Ngati mukudziwa kuthira mchere kwa hering, sizingakhale zovuta kuphika nsomba iyi mu mawonekedwe owuma. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe inu mumagwiritsa ntchito pokonza mchere. Pambuyo pa tsiku, chotsani nsomba, muzimutsuka ndi madzi, kunyowa. Sungani mtembo kapena ingopyozani pameso kuti mulambe. Kanikizani pa hood, pamwamba pa chitofu chophatikizidwacho. Moto uyenera kukhala wapakati. Yatsani hood ndikusiyira nsomba kwa ola limodzi. Pakapita kanthawi, bwerezani njirayi mpaka nsomba itakhala yomwe mukufuna. Kumbukirani kuti hering'i ndi nsomba yamafuta, ndikofunikira kupachikika pamwamba pa mphete, koma pakati pawo, ndikukhazikitsa chidebe chofunikira kuti madzi azikoka pansi pa nsomba.
Mutha kuwumitsa pang'ono ndikupeza chotsekeramo mowa. Kapenanso mutha kufota pang'ono, kupatsa nyamayo chisangalalo chosaneneka. Okhala m'nyumba zokhala ndi mwayi wowumitsa ulusi utsi wamoto uzilandira chinthu chokoma mosiyanasiyana ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
Kusuta kunyumba
Mwinanso chinsinsi chotsatirachi chingapezeke chopezekanso kwa inu? Nsomba zopangidwa ndi anthu siuli otsika poyerekeza ndi zakumwa zochokera ku utsi zomwe zimagulidwa. Osadandaula, simusowa kukolola nkhuni ndikupusitsa mutu wanu ndi chitoliro chomwe chimachotsa utsi. Zomwe mukufunikira mwina zili m'manja mwanu.
Muzimutsuka ndi kuwuma herpuyo, kudula filletuyo m'mbali mwake. Mchere, tsabola ndikuyika pambali nthawi yomwe ilipo.
Fesani chidutswa cha zozungulira pafupifupi masentimita 30x30 patsogolo panu ndikuwaza pakati ndi supuni ya masamba owuma a tiyi: wobiriwira, wakuda kapena wakuda ndi chipatso ndi maluwa chowonjezera. Kukulunga mu emvulopu, kuiphika ndi singano mbali imodzi ndikuyiyika pansi pa poto lowuma. Phimbani ndikuyamba kutentha. Pakakhala nthenga onunkhira, ikani mbale pomwe zodulira zake zimagona mwachindunji pa envulopu ndi tiyi. Phimbani ndi simmer kwa mphindi 20.
Kuyika mkaka ndi caviar
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zamkati. Mkaka ndi caviar amatha kuwaza, kusuta, kuwuma, koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti palibe chosiririka kuposa mchere, kuwaza bwino ndikuyika sangweji ndi batala. Ngati mumanunkha kapena kumera mchere, mutha kutumizanso caviar ndi mkaka ku kachere womwewo (marinade) ngati mitembo.
Momwe mungatumikire hering'i?
Ndi nsomba iti yomwe imakhala yabwino kwambiri mbatata yunifomu yodzikongoletsa kapena mbatata zazing'ono zokhala ndi mafuta kapena kirimu wowawasa? Zakudya zoyipa za masamba izi zimatsogolera pankhaniyi.
Kuphatikiza kwa mchere wamchere kapena wowaza ndi batala ndi buledi wonyezimira ndi wotchuka. Izi nsomba zikugwirizana bwino ndi mpiru ndi anyezi achichepere. Ma pickles opanga thukuta, sauerkraut ndi bowa wamakhaka nawonso ndi othandizirana a hering'i.
Hfer imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, kuli bwino momwe malo ake amakhalira. Chifukwa chake, herring ya Atlantic, yabwino kwambiri kulawa, yomwe imatulukira ku gombe la Norway, Holland ndi Iceland, ndiyo malo abwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kunenepa, chifukwa chomwe njira yake imatsogolera mafunde a nyanja. Anthu omwe ali ndi hering'i awa adalandira mayina ofanana "Norwegian", "Dutch" ndi "Icelandic". Amakhala ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa, kofatsa, kamchere komanso mchere wowoneka bwino.
Mwa hering'i yomwe imapezeka kudera la Russia, mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi "hering yachifumu" kapena holo. Itha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi msana wakuda, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina imatchedwa "kubwerera kumbuyo". Imapezeka mu Nyanja ya Caspian, imafika kutalika kwa 36 cm ndipo imakhala ndi 20% mafuta. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina za Caspian (zosafunikira kwenikweni mu kulawa), ili ndi nyama yofewa kwambiri ndipo imathiridwa mchere. Mwa hering'i omwe adagwidwa munyanja zakumwera kwa Russia, herring ya Azov-Black Sea, makamaka mitundu yake iwiri, Danube ndi Kerch, amadziwikanso ndi kukoma kwabwino. Komabe, chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa, hering'i imangokhala mchere wokha. Pacific (Far East herring) imayamikiranso. Iye (m'modzi yekha mwa subspecies a hering omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa) amatha kupeza kuchuluka kwamafuta - mpaka 33%, koma ngakhale pakadali pakati pa onenepa amatha kukhala "wokhazikika" - amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo 2%. Komabe, chifukwa cha nyama yapamwamba kwambiri, nsomba iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Malinga ndi zomwe mcherewo umapezeka, hering'i ya mchere ofooka imasiyanitsidwa - mcherewo umachokera ku 7 mpaka 10%, mchere wapakatikati umachokera ku 10 mpaka 14% ndipo mchere wolimba umaposa 14%. Pokonza mchere, nsomba imalowa munjira yovuta ndi mchere, ndipo pang'onopang'ono mothandizidwa ndi michere mapuloteni, mafuta ndi michere imakonzedwa kumayiko ena. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zamchere zimapeza kukoma ndi kununkhira kwapadera. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa yakucha. Kutsetsereka kwa Atlantic ndi Pacific ndikuthekera kotereku.
Mtundu wa hering'i (kutengera mwatsopano ndi mtundu wa nyama) umatha kufanana ndi 1 kapena 2 grade. Kuyika kwa giredi 1 kumakhala ndi nyama yowonda yowaka, sikumawononga khungu. Kuyika kwa giredi lachiwiri kumatha kukhala ndi fungo lonunkhira pang'ono chifukwa cha oxidation wamafuta, kukhala ndi khungu losasweka, kukhala pang'ono chikasu, kapangidwe kake ka nyama kumakhala kovuta komanso kouma (koma osachita chifuwa!), Kuwonongeka kungachitike pakhungu lake (popanda misozi yayikulu) )
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti hering'i yachiwiri, ngati itathiridwa mchere pang'ono, itha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa Kukula kwawo kumapanikizika pokhapokha mchere wambiri mpaka 10%. Ngati hering'i ikasungidwa mu yankho la asidi-mchere, ndiye kuti izi sizipulumutsa, chifukwa nkhungu ndi yisiti zimagwirizana ndi viniga. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musatenge nsomba ngati izi.
Hiding ndi mtundu wa nsomba kuchokera ku banja la hering'i (lat. Clupeidae). Thupi, litapanikizika kenako, ndi m'mimba m'mimba. Masikelo ndi ocheperako kapena akulu, osakhala ochepa. Nsagwada yapamwamba sikuti imakhala yotsika. Pakamwa pake pamakhala zodekha. Mano, ngati alipo, amakhala amwano ndi kutuluka. Ndime yakumapeto ndiyotalika kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zokula zosakwana 80. Dorsal fin pamwamba pamimba. Ndalama ya caudal ndiyabwino. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 60, yodziwika munyanja yotentha ndi yotentha, ndipo mwanjira ina m'malo ozizira. Mitundu ina ndi ya m'madzi oyenda panyanja ndipo simalowa madzi abwino, ina ndi nsomba zosamukira ndipo zimalowa m'mitsinje kuti ikatulutsidwe. Hering imapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka cr craceans.
Zothandiza zimatha hering'i
Hering imatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi ndipo imapeza mapuloteni abwino kwambiri, ilinso ndi phosphorous, iodini, calcium, potaziyamu, sodium, magnesium, zinc, fluorine. Ndi nsomba 100. g zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi theka la protein tsiku lililonse. Nsomba zamafuta, monga nsomba kapena hering'i, zimapatsa thupi zopitilira kawiri kuposa zopezeka zoyera.
Mosiyana ndi mafuta azinyama zomwe zimachokera, mafuta omwe sanapangidwe ndi nsomba amawonedwa kuti ndi opindulitsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi asayansi, ndi ma omega-3 fat acids omwe amapezeka mu nsomba omwe amathandizira kupewa matenda amtima, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi, komanso kusintha magazi kutuluka kwa ma capillaries. Nsomba zam'nyanja ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa amayi oyembekezera.
Kukulitsa heringwe kumakhala ndi 25% mafuta, pafupifupi 20% mapuloteni, mavitamini B12, PP, ndi. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mapuloteni a hering'i kumaphatikizapo ma amino acid ofunika.
Pali umboni kuti kudya hering'i kumafooketsa zizindikiro zina za psoriasis, kumawongolera kuwona ndi ubongo. Nsomba zam'nyanja zimakhala ndi mavitamini ochulukirapo, makamaka vitamini D. Mafuta a nsomba amakhala othandiza nthawi 5 kuposa mafuta a masamba, amatsitsa cholesterol yamagazi. Mafuta omwe amapezeka m'chiwindi cha nsomba amakhala ndi mavitamini A ndi D. T minofu yam'mimba imakhala ndi mavitamini a B, omwe amathandiza thupi kuyamwa mapuloteni.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti hering'i imawonjezera zomwe zili mthupi la omwe amatchedwa "cholesterol yabwino" - kuchuluka kochulukitsa lipoproteins, omwe, mosiyana ndi "cholesterol yoyipa", amachepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha matenda atherosulinosis ndi mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, Lindquist adapeza kuti mafuta a herring amachepetsa kukula kwa maselo amafuta a adipocyte, omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Hering amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma oxidation omwe amapezeka m'madzi a m'magazi, ndiye kuti ali ndi antioxidants.
Posachedwa, pali malipoti ochulukira akuti kudya nsomba zamafuta (nsomba, mackerel, hering, sardines ndi cod) kumateteza ku mphumu. Izi ndichifukwa cha zochita za mafuta a omega-3 acid, omwe ali ndi zotsutsana ndi kutupa, ndi magnesium. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi milingo yotsika ya magnesium m'matupi awo amakhala ndi vuto la mphumu.
Matenda monga khansa, nyamakazi, kufooka kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndi zina zotere. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi kusowa kwamafuta a omega-3. Hering imakhala ndi nicotinic acid ndi Vitamini D, zomwe ndizofunikanso pakuchiritsa mafupa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje ndikulimbikitsa kuyamwa.
Zowopsa za hering'i
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito hering'i mosamala, chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi amchere. Galamu imodzi ya mchere wa patebulo imatha kumangirira madzi okwanira mamililita 100. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kukhala ndi hering'i kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, edema, matenda a impso.
Chifukwa chake, hering'i yaying'ono yamchere imakhala ndi magalamu 6.3 amchere, ndipo hering'i yamchere imakhala ndi magalamu 14.8 pa 100 g ya chinthu. Pamene minofu ndi mitsempha yamagazi imadzaza ndi sodium chloride, madzi ochulukirapo amapezeka m'thupi, omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zonse. Mtima umayamba kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, ndipo impso zimachotsa kwambiri madzi ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, musamagwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse ma herling ngakhale anthu athanzi.
Anthu ambiri amakonda hering'i mchere wocheperako pang'ono, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa kuphika. Katswiri wotchuka wazophikira Natya Kim adzakuuzani zamomwe mungapangire kuti mbale iyi ikhale yachangu komanso chokoma kwambiri momwe mungathere.
Zinthu ndi malo okhala hering'i
Hering Kodi dzina lodziwika la mitundu ingapo nsomba wa banja lamsamba. Onsewa ali ndi mtengo wamalonda, ndipo amagwidwa pamsika waukulu.
Thupi limakanikizidwa pang'ono pambuyo pake, ndipo limakutidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono kapena yayikulu.
Kumbuyo kwamtambo wamtambo kapena wamtambo wa maolivi, fin imodzi ili pakati.Ndalama ya ventral imamera mwachindunji pansi pake, ndipo pamakhala cholembera chosiyasiyana pamalonda a caudal.
Pamimba, siliva, ndi mzere pakati kumadutsa keel, wopanga miyeso yake yaying'ono.
Hering ndi yaying'ono kukula, ngakhale yaying'ono. Pafupifupi, imakula mpaka 30-30 cm.
Maso akulu adakhazikika pamutu. Mano amatha kufooka kapena sakhalapo. Nsagwada yapansi imapangidwa bwino pang'ono, ndikuyimilira. Pakamwa ndi kakang'ono.
Hering mwina nsomba zam'nyanja kapena zamtsinje . Madzi abwino, amakhala m'mitsinje, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Volga, Don kapena Dnieper.
M'madzi amchere, pamagulu odabwitsa, amapezeka munyanja za Atlantic, Pacific ndi Arctic.
Amakonda nyengo yotentha, motero m'madzi ozizira kwambiri otentha amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yochepa.
Mu chithunzi gulu la hering'anga
Ndi ochepa omwe akudziwa zomwe nsomba Amayitanidwa Pereyaslavl hering'i . Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chilibe chochita ndi banja ili, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake amafanana pang'ono.
M'malo mwake - izi ndi mavenda. Zinali zoletsedwa kuzigwira, osangogulitsa, osapweteka.
Iwo ankadyera zipinda zachifumu zokha, pamiyambo yosiyanasiyana. Nsomba yodziwikirayi ikuwonetsedwa pamoto wamzinda wa Pereslyavl-Zalessky.
Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha hering'i
Moyo nsomba yamchere yamchere amathawa gombe. Amasambira pafupi ndi madzi, osagwera ngakhale 300 pansi.
Imasungidwa pagulu lalikulu, lomwe limapangika nthawi yopanda mazira. Aang'ono, pa nthawi ino, kuyesera kukhala limodzi.
Izi zimathandizidwanso ndi kudyetsa koyambirira kwa plankton, komwe kumakhala kambiri madzi am'nyanja, kotero palibe mpikisano.
Jambyu amakhala wosasinthika kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo samakonda kusakanikirana ndi ena.
Mbedza zam'mtsinje ndi nsomba yomwe ikudutsa. Pokhala mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian, imafalikira kumadera atsopano.
Pobwerera, anthu otopa amafa, osayandikira kunyumba.
Zakudya zomwe amakonda zimasintha pa hering'i pakukula ndi kukula. Akasiya mazira, chakudya choyambirira cha ana ang'ono ndi bulge.
Kukula hering'i amadya zomwe adzagwira pang'ono nsomba , crustaceans ndi benthos. Kukula kwawo mwachindunji kumatengera zomwe amakonda. Pakungosintha kotheratu ku zakudya za nyama yomwe imadyera nyama pang'onopang'ono kumatha kukula kwambiri.
Kuswana ndi moyo wautali wa hering'i
Pali mitundu yambiri ya hering'i, chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti zimatulukira kwa chaka chathunthu. Kukula kwakukulu anthu amaponya mwakuya, ndi ang'ono pafupi ndi gombe.
Amasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yakuswana m'masukulu akuluakulu, ochulukirachulukira, mwakuti nsomba zocheperako zimangotulutsira kumtunda madziwo.
Kutumphuka kumachitika nthawi imodzi mwa anthu onse, madzi amakhala amtambo ndipo fungo linalake limafalikira patali.
Zachikazi zimasokerera mazira 100,000 nthawi imodzi, zimamira pansi ndikutsatira dothi, zipolopolo kapena miyala. Dawo lawo limatengera mtundu wa hering'i.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mphutsi pafupifupi 8 mm kukula kwake kumayamba kutuluka. Mafunde othamanga amayamba kuvala mthupi lonse. Kufika kutalika kwa 6 cm, iwo amasamukira m'gululo ndikuwasunga pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mukamamera (Meyi - Juni), heringamu yotuluka imakwera mumtsinje wamadzi oyera.
Kuponyera kumachitika usiku, pomwe caviar imayandama momasuka m'madzi, osamatirira pansi.
Gulu lankhosa, litapeza mphamvu, limayamba kutsika mtsinjewo kuti lifike kunyanja kuyambira nthawi yachisanu.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya hering'anga, pafupifupi mitundu 60, kotero tilingalira zaotchuka kwambiri za izo. Mbale hering'i mackerel amapezeka kumpoto kwa North ndi Norland Seas, komwe amakumana m'miyezi yotentha.
Imasambira mwachangu, ndikukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 20. Ndiwotchiya motero imakula bwino.
Atakwanitsa zaka 3-4, amapita kukayang'ana kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ireland. Chakudya chotchuka kwambiri chomwe chili mu msuzi wowawasa.
Herring wakuda amakhala ku Azov ndi Black Sea, kutuluka kumayamba mu Meyi - June. Amadyapo ma crustaceans ndi nsomba yaying'ono yomwe imasambira m'madzi apamwamba.
Kukula kwapakatikati kwamtunduwu kumafika masentimita 40. Kugwira kumatchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi amateur. Nthawi zambiri maapulo makamaka hering'i nsomba khalani pama masitolo.
Zomera zaku Pacific zimakhala nthawi zonse. Ndi yayikulu - yoposa 50 masentimita, ndi masekeli 700. Nyama yake imakhala ndi ayodini kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina.
Imayikidwa pamsika waukulu: Russia, USA, Japan. Nthawi zambiri, kupitirira chithunzi hering'i , mutha kuwona chimodzimodzi malingaliro awa nsomba .
Hering'i yotchuka ya Baltic imayandama m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baltic. Ndi yaying'ono kukula, pafupifupi 20 cm. Imangodya za plankton, ngakhale atakula. Chakudya ichi nsomba - hering'i kudya nthawi zambiri mchere mawonekedwe.
Woimira wina wotchuka amakhala kumeneko - Baltic sprat. Zakudya zokoma izi zimagwidwa ngakhale pagombe la New Zealand ndi Tierra del Fuego. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotchuka kwa mtundu wathu m'dziko lathuli ndi zakudya zamzitini.
Woimira wotsutsa kwambiri hering'i nsomba Ndiye Iwashi . Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi cha banja la sardines, ndipo chimawoneka ngati hering'i.
Patsamba la USSR, nsombayi idalowa pansi pa dzina la "Iwashi herring", yomwe idabweretsa chisokonezo mtsogolo.
M'masiku amenewo, kuwedza kwa nsomba imeneyi kunali kotsika mtengo, chifukwa masukulu ake ambiri anasambira kufupi ndi gombe, koma kenako adapita kutali kwambiri munyanja, ndipo kuwedza kwake kudakhala kopanda phindu.
Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIV, anthu abwino sadadya nyama - ingakhale chakudya cha osauka ndi akhate okha
M'masiku akale, oyendetsa sitima achi Dutch amawona kugwidwa kukhala kosachita bwino ngati hering'i inali gawo lalikulu m'menemu. Nsombazi zinkayenda m'masukulu akulu, ndipo nthawi zina zomwe zimawachititsa manyazi asodzi sizinali zotheka kupewa kulowa muukonde. Mpaka m'zaka za zana la 14, hering'i anali kuonedwa ngati nsomba zotayira, zomwe zimadyedwa ndi opemphetsa okha ndi amonke, ndikupha nyama. Izi zidachitika chifukwa choti atagwira kununkhira kwa mafuta osakhazikika adawonekera mwachangu, komanso nyamayi idalawa ndi kuwawa.
Zinali zovuta kugulitsa hering'i. Asodzi omwe ali ndi nsomba zoterezi amangokhulupirira kuti boma lingagule, zomwe zimachitidwa ngati gawo lachifundo. Chifukwa chake mfumu yaku France, Louis IX, idagula nsomba zoyipa izi chifukwa cha chifundo amatumiza akhate kumidzi.
Msodzi Wachidatchi amasinthiratu
Malingaliro a hering'i anasintha kwambiri mu 1380, pamene msodzi wachi Dutch aku Jacob Beikelson anathira mchere wopingasa m'boti, osatulutsa gombe. Anachotsa ma gill ndi zotsekera. Zochita ziwirizi zidapulumutsa nsomba kuchokera ku zowawa pambuyo pake ndikuwonjezera moyo wa alumali kuchokera maola awiri mpaka masiku angapo.
Nsombazo zitaikidwa mbiya ndikuwazidwa mchere, Bakelzon adapitilizabe kupha nsomba. Maola angapo pambuyo pake, pamene msodziyo amafika ku gombe, hering'i idafikira ndendende mchere, chifukwa chomwe nyama zonenazo zidapeza kukoma kosakoma. Anthu okhala m'mudzimo adapemphedwa kuti adzalawe izi, ndipo sanakhulupirire momwe akumvera, akumakumana ndi chisangalalo cham'malo m'malo mwamanyazi omwe akuyembekezeka.
Kuyambira pamenepo, herring ndi mchere njira zasinthira ndalama, komanso osati msodzi aliyense akumidzi payekhapayekha, koma dziko lonse. Lero lino, popanda kukokomeza, mtundu wa Netherlands. Msodzi yemwe adasinthiratu gastronomic sadafa kawiri - chimango chidakhazikitsidwa ndipo mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a hering, kuphika, adamupatsa dzina.
Peter I sanathe kuyambitsa kupanga chodzikongoletsera, ndipo alangizi akunja sanathandize
Ku Russia, hering'i ya Nyanja Yoyera idadyedwa; kusuta ndiyo njira yomwe inali yofalikira pokonzekera. Chochita choterocho chinali ndi gawo lofunikira la zakudya za anthu akumpoto ndi amonke a Solovetsky. Ulendo wamfumu ya gourmet Peter I kupita ku Netherlands idakhala nthawi yophunzirira njira yophera mchere, chifukwa tsar yaku Russia imakonda kwambiri zinthu za 2 zaku Dutch - herring yamchere ndi tchizi.
Amfumu anali ndi chidwi chofuna kubwereza bwino ku Netherlands ndikupereka pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa White Sea kapena Azov herring, wamchere malinga ndi momwe anthu azungu aku Europe. Kuti achite izi, adapempha woyang'anira malo achi Dutch dzina lake Isaac Knop, yemwe adalangizidwa kuti akhazikitse zakumwa zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Azov, zomwe zalandilidwa kumene kuchokera ku Turks. Koma wachi Dutch adachokapo, atakhumudwa ndi nsomba zam'deralo. Ananenanso kuti ntchitoyi idakanidwa chifukwa ndi yomwe sinali yolakwika, osagwirizana ndi dongosolo lomwe saline adagwiritsa ntchito.
Mtsogolomo, adayesera kupanga nsomba pa Nyanja Yoyera, ndikupitiliza kupempha thandizo kwa akatswiri aku Europe. Koma kupeza chofanana ndi chachi Dutch chomwe chokhala ndi kukoma kosakhazikika kwalephera pazifukwa ziwiri. Asodzi a kumpoto sagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula nsomba mosamala, makamaka kuthamanga kwa kulondola. Ndipo koposa zonse, kuchuluka kwa mchere wam'deralo kunali kotsika kwambiri, panali zosayipa zambiri mmenemo, zomwe zidakhudzanso zotsatira zomaliza zamchere.
Zotsatira zomwe zidapangidwa zinali zofunika kwambiri chifukwa chotsika mtengo. Koma sizinali zotheka kukafika pagome lolemera la wamkulu wa Nyanja Yoyera. Mchere wamchere ku Russia unakhalabe chakudya chamagulu otsika. Petulo sanapitirize kusintha zinthu.
Espionage woyamba wamagulu opangidwa bungwe chifukwa cha hering'i
Catherine II anayandikira nkhaniyi mosamalitsa, natumiza kazitape ku Netherlands. Ntchito yake inali kudziwa tsatanetsatane waukadaulo wamaukadaulo wama Dutch kuti apangitse njirayi kunyumba. Catherine anali wotsimikiza kuti pali chinsinsi china chofunikira, zimachokera mu umbuli wake ku Russia kuti sangathe kupanga nsomba zokoma. Aka kanali koyamba kwa ma Russian ma espionage.
Wobisalira adachita bwino ntchito yake - adazindikira chinsinsi; adabisala pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wa Chipwitikizi. The Empress nthawi yomweyo amagula zinthu zofunika zofunikira mu sitima ziwiri zam'madzi, ndikuzitumiza ku Arkhangelsk, komwe zimaphika nsomba mosamalitsa malinga ndi Chinsinsi cha Dutch. Amatumizidwa ku St. Petersburg, kukagulitsa kumsika. Cholinga chimakwaniritsidwa: ku Russia adaphunzira kuphika hering'i mumchere wa Dutch. Koma malonda ake amakhala ochepa mafuta chifukwa cha mitundu yomwe imakhala mu Nyanja Yoyera. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito Chipwitikiziya (amatchedwa Spanish ku Russia) mchere kumathandizira kukwera mtengo, mtengo umafananizidwa ndi ma Dutch akuchokera kunja. Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito amateteza mchere wamtengo wapatali osawonjezera pamalingo omwe amafunikira, izi zimakhudza ubweya wa herpure. Kukakamiza kwaboma kokha komwe kunathandizira kuthana ndi kunyalanyaza kwa mchere womwe ochita Russia adachita.
Catherine atasiya chidwi ndi mchere wamafuta wamafuta azakudya, zofuna za Belomorka mwa olemekezeka zidagwa. Okonda hering'anga achi Dutch adabwereranso kukagula chinthu choyambirira. Ndipo asodzi akumpoto adasinthanso njira yakale yotsika mtengo ya mchere.
Kuyika pansi pa chovala cha ubweya - chizindikiro cha tchuthi
Ndipo mdziko la makhonsolo, kutsika mtengo ndi kuphweka kwa herpuro kunabwera. Kukonda nsomba kumagwirizanitsa anthu osankhika, proletariat, ndi alimi - aliyense adakonda ndipo adakwanitsa. Kupatula hering'i sichinakhalepo chosowa.
M'magulu azinthu zochepa zomwe zimapezeka, nsomba zimasunga ndalama kuchokera kwa amayi aku Soviet Union, omwe amatha kupha nsomba masabata komanso patchuthi. Chimodzi mwa zokongoletsera zokongola za ku Soviet, zomwe zimadabwitsanso alendo akunja, ndizomera pansi pa malaya a ubweya. Njira yokongola, yopatsa thanzi mpaka pano imadzutsitsa chiyembekezo cha tchuthi pakati pa nzika zakale za USSR ndi mbadwa zawo ndipo zimawonjezera chisangalalo.
Ponena za mtundu womwe "chovalacho" chinapangidwa pambuyo pa kusintha ndipo dzina lake ndi chidule (chauvinism ndi kutsika kwa kunyanyala ndi anathema), izi sizowona.
Mwa njira, nsomba sizingakhale chakudya cha anthu nthawi zonse. Pali nkhani ya Wopuma pantchito ku Japan yemwe wakhala paubwenzi ndi nsomba kwazaka 25.
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