Ndikosavuta kukumbukira ngati nsomba ina iliyonse ili ndi mfumu yake. Ndipo sterlet ili nayo. Osachepera, atero asodzi a inveterate. Amadziwa komwe Sterlet Monarch imakhala - osati kutali ndi Nizhny Novgorod, mumtsinje wa Sura. Zachidziwikire, zonsezi ndi nthano za usodzi, koma choti sterlet ndiyoyenera kupeza ndi nthano yake yapamwamba imakhudzanso. Zikuwoneka ngati kalekale anthu amayamikiradi nsomba izi. Koma chifukwa chiyani? Tsopano tazindikira.

Zimawoneka bwanji ndipo zimapezeka kuti?

Dzina lina la nsomba imeneyi ndi lachifumu. Otsatsa ake otchuka ndi Ivan theible komanso Peter I, yemwe maphwando ake sakanachita popanda izi. Nthawi ina, pofuna kukwaniritsa zopempha za Peter I, mu likulu lachifumu, adayamba kuswana nsomba izi. Mwa njira, yemwe adamukonda kale amatchedwa wofiyira. Ndipo sizikhala chifukwa cha mtundu wa nyama, popeza filimu ya sterlet ndi yoyera. "Red" pankhaniyi adakhala mawu ofanana ndi "chokoma", "bwino", "abwino". Ndipo ndiyenera kunena, adalandira izi bwino.
Sterlet, kapena Acipenser ruthenus, ndi woimira wamkulu wa banja la sturgeon. Nsomba zachikulire zimatha kupitirira mita kutalika ndi kulemera kilogalamu 15. Koma lero izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo kuposa kukula kwa chizolowezi. Masiku ano, asodzi samakhala ndi mwayi wogwira chimphona choterocho, nthawi zambiri matupi a kilogalamu 2 amapezeka omwe safika ngakhale theka la mita.

Ndikosavuta kuzindikira chodulira - chimaperekedwa ndi mphuno yopyapyala ndi ndevu zazitali. Akazi, panjira, amakula, amakula ndipo mphuno zawo ndizitali. Koma mamba, chifukwa omwe ambiri sakonda kuphika nsomba, sterlets satero. M'malo mwake, mizere 5 yamapulogalamu amfupa ikuwonekera pamtembo.

Panthawi ina nsomba zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi zimapezeka m'madzi a nyanja ya Azov, Baltic, Black ndi Caspian. Mitembo yayikulu inagwidwa mu Nyanja ya Ladoga ndi Onega, m'madzi a Yenisei, Ob, Volga ndi Kama. Kamodzi sterletyo itayambitsidwa ku Amur, Pechery, Oka ndi Neman. Nsombayi idamera, popanda thandizo la munthu, ndikukulitsa malo ake. Koma kulikonse komwe woimira sturgeon amapezeka, iye nthawi zonse amachitira umboni kuti madziwo ndi oyera kwambiri. Chomata sichikhala m'madzi akuda komanso opanda mpweya. Ndipo "kulembetsa" kwake kumakhudza mtundu, womwe umasiyana ndi bulauni wakuda mpaka utoto wonyezimira.

Pakati pa sturgeons, iyi ndi nsomba yayitali kwambiri. Pakutuluka, mzimayi mmodzi amatha kuikira mazira 5 mpaka 140,000 - osadukiza komanso ocheperako poyerekeza ndi oimira ena amtunduwu.

Mtengo wa thanzi la sterlet caviar ndi wofanana ndi wa beluga.

M'moyo wamba, anthu okhathamira amakhala ngati nsomba yapansi. Imasiya malo omwe amakonda kwambiri pakangodutsa nthawi yayitali (kwa milungu iwiri imapita kumabedi a mitsinje yayitali) ndipo pambuyo pake, ikadyetsedwa bwino pambuyo pakubereka. Nyengo m'madzi akuya.

Nthawi zambiri moyo wamtundu wa sterlet umatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka makumi awiri kapena zitatu. Koma chifukwa cha kupha anthu mwachangu komanso kuwononga madzi, kuchuluka kwa ma sturgeon kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ambiri aiwo sangathe kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi (wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za moyo) kuti angosiyira ana okha. Chifukwa chake chimakhala chododometsa: nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri zidatsala pang'ono kutha.

Zothandiza

Mtembo wa Sterlet ndi filimu yosangalatsa, yosakhwima komanso yowutsa mudyo yambiri yomwe ingasangalatse ma gourmet ambiri, komanso zopindulitsa zomwe zimapezeka mu filimu za nsomba. Muli zambiri zambiri zofunika kufufuza. Nsombazi zimapatsa anthu calcium, iodini, zinc, faifi, chromium, fluorine, phosphorous, mavitamini D, B3 ndi omega-3 acid acid.

Kuphatikizidwa kwapadera kwamankhwala kumakhala kothandiza pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo aubongo, mantha a mitsempha, chithokomiro, amateteza mitsempha ya magazi ku kuwonongeka ndi kufalikira, komanso kusunga khungu launyamata. Zakudya za nsomba ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amakonda kupanga zotupa zopweteka kapena matenda a mtima. Maminolo ndi mavitamini omwe ali m'madzi ndi othandiza pakuwona, minofu yamafupa, kulimbitsa thupi, anthu okhala ndi psoriasis ndi matenda ena amkhungu. Ndipo ofufuza akuti sterlet caviar ali ndi anti-cancer.

Monga nsomba zamtundu wina, ndimapuloteni ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi thupi mosavuta kuposa nyama yofiira, komanso imakhala ndi ma amino acid ofunika. Ma acids ofunikira, omwe popanda iwo mtima, mantha ndi chitetezo chamthupi chimavutikira, zimaperekedwanso m'magulu omwe amapindulitsa anthu. Ofufuza aku America ndi ku Europe abwereza mogwirizana: nsomba ndi gwero lapadera lazinthu zambiri zomwe sizingathe kubwezeretsedwanso kuchokera kuzinthu zina. Makamaka, mafuta a omega-3 polyunsaturated acids omwe amatengedwa ku zinthu zam'madzi amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cholimbitsa mtima, kuyeretsa magazi, komanso kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi.

Chochititsa chidwi, mbale zam'madzi, malinga ndi asayansi, zimasonkhezera kusuntha. Ndipo kuthekeraku kumafikira mpaka ku nyama ya sturgeon. Ofufuzawo akuti ndikofunikira kuti anthu azikhala ndi nkhawa komanso kusinthasintha kwakudya kwa nsomba, monga sterlet, kawiri pa sabata. Monga antidepressants, nsomba nsomba zimagwira madera aubongo omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga serotonin (mahomoni omwe ali ndi vuto lotha kusintha).

Kuopsa

Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito sterlet pafupipafupi sikokwanira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a kapamba kapena matenda a adrenal gland. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti nsomba ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe kukonzekera kosayenera kumayambitsa mavuto akulu. Raw fillet (kapena yophika bwino) ndi hotbed yama bacteria ambiri owopsa. Kamodzi m'thupi, sizimangoyambitsa kudzimbidwa. Ngati nsomba yophika hafu ichira munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, ndipo chisamaliro chachipatala sichimalandiridwa panthawi, pamakhala ngozi yeniyeni ya kufa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupewa mitembo yosuta ndi utsi wamadzimadzi. Chifukwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthuzi kukuwonetsa kale kuti nsomba zimakololedwa makamaka zikakhala kuti zidayipa. Chochita choterocho chimakhala ndi magawo ambiri a sodium, omwe amadzaza ndi edema. Koma si zokhazo. "Utsi wamadzimadzi" ndi woyipa kwa ziwalo za m'mimba za m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, "zakudya zabwino" zoterezi siziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya za ana, odwala a madipatimenti a nephrological and gastroenterological.

Momwe mungaphikire

Monga tanenera kale, sterlet anali amodzi mwa nsomba zomwe ankakonda kwambiri azungu aku Russia. Ndipo ndikuthokoza konse chifukwa cha bullette yofewa ndi yowutsa mudyo, komwe mazana ambiri a mbale zokoma amakonzedwa. Amawakhira mu vinyo yoyera ndi anyezi ndi tomato, ophika ndi mabulosi abulosi, yokazinga, osuta komanso otentha. Imapanga khutu lokoma ndi nsomba zowutsa mudyo. Agalu amalangizidwa kuti aphatikize sterlet ndi nkhaka, mazira, mbatata, nandolo wobiriwira kapena kaloti.

Nsomba "Imperial"

Bowa wosankhidwa ndi anyezi ndi mafuta a masamba, bulauni mumphika. Onjezani kaloti ndi grated ndi simmer mpaka theka yophika. Mchere, tsabola, kutsanulira kirimu pang'ono. Pakadali pano, ndimatumbo ndikusambitsa zitsuka (mkati) ndi magawo a mandimu. Vimbani filimuyo ndi zonunkhira komanso yokutidwa ndi bowa wofundidwa. Sinthani mbali zonse ziwiri za nsomba ndi zikhadabo, kukulani ndi zojambulazo ndikutumiza ku uvuni. Kuphika pafupifupi ola limodzi. Tumikirani mwa kuwaza ndi mafuta a masamba ndi mandimu.

Sterlet ndi mankhwala omwe amadya mu 100 g momwe muli 80 kcal.

Kodi sterlet imawoneka bwanji?

Chosangalatsa mu banja la sturgeon chimadziwika pakati pa abale ake. Ndiwocheperako kuposa iwo, ali ndi mphuno yopyapyala. Nsomba zimakhala ndi mphonje zazitali zazitali zofika mkamwa. Mlomo wapansi wa nsomba ndi bifid, zolunga zam'mbali zikulumikizana.

M'malo mamba, sterlet, monga ma sturgeon ena, ali ndi mikwingwirima yamafupa, nsikidzi, monga asodzi amawatcha. Amapezeka m'mizere isanu yayitali: m'modzi mbali zonse za m'mphepete mwa m'mimba ndi wina pakati kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, mu sterlet, kuyika kwa scors dorsal ndi wandiweyani, ndi kutsekeka kwa wina ndi mzake.

Chiwerengero cha "nsikidzi" zapakhomo ndi 13 ... 17 ma PC., Iliyonse yokhala ndi chowongolera kumbuyo. Kumbali za scutellum 60 ... ma PC 70., Pamimba - 13 ... 15 ma PC. Palibe kulumikizana pakati pa zovuta zam'mimba ndi zam'mimba.

Sterlet ali ndi utoto wosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana (chithunzi). Mtundu umasintha kuchoka pa chikasu mpaka kukawala. Kumbuyo kwa nsomba kumakhala kofiirira kapena kwamtambo wonyezimira, zipsepse zimakhala zoduwa nthawi zonse, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi loyera.

Mphuno za Sterlet ndizosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yam'maso komanso yodetsedwa bwino imasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu ake. Yoyamba imasamukira, yachiwiri imakonda kukhazikika, chifukwa chake imakhala yokhazikika bwino komanso yachikaso kwambiri.

Msuzi wachifumu

Dulani zonunkhira zokhathamira m'magawo, kuwonjezera madzi, uzipereka mchere, tsabola ndi muzu wa parsley. Kuphika mpaka wachifundo, kuchotsa chithovu. Ikani nsomba mumbale yama hotelo, yotsetsani msuzi. Mu msuzi wowoneka bwino onjezani mbatata, anyezi wosenda, kaloti, wokometsedwa m'mphete, ndi zonunkhira kuti mulawe. Masamba akaphika, onjezani magawo am'madzi amtundu wa nsomba (olekanitsidwa ndi mafupa) ndi amadyera osankhidwa ku msuzi. Phimbani ndikulola kuti msuziwo utuluke kwa mphindi 10.

Momwe mungasankhire nsomba zoyenera

Sterlet yoyenera ndi sterlet yamoyo. Ndipo lamuloli limagwira ntchito pogula nsomba zilizonse. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yolimba mtima ndi kutsutsika kwazomwe mwapanga. Pakadali pano, ngati mtembo wakonzedwa kale ngati chinthu, ndiye kuti chidwi chake chonse chili m'maso mwake. Amayenera "kuwoneka" wogawana komanso osakhala ndi chophimba choyera. Nkhani yokhudza mtembo, iyenera kutukuka ndi vuto la chala. Makina a sterlet athanzi ndi ofiira komanso owala, imvi - chizindikiro chomveka chaukalamba. Tsopano nthawi yakwana kununkhira. Fungo lililonse losasangalatsa ndi alarm. Komanso, musalole kuti mugule nsomba ndi zamkati zotayirira - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha fillet yakale, yoyipitsidwa. Pogula sterlet, ndikofunikira kuti muzisamalira ma fupa (omwe ali m'malo mwa masikelo). Mu nsomba zatsopano zomwe zangogwidwa, zimangomatira thupi, ngati zichokera kunja, ichi ndi chinthu chowopsa kudya.

Sterlet ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book. Ndipo onse chifukwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi amakonda nyama ya woimira sturgeon. Pakadali pano, asayansi akuwoneka kuti apeza njira yothetsera izi. Amadutsa sterlet ndi beluga, ndikupanga nsomba yatsopano - bester, yomwe imaphatikiza maubwino a makolo ndipo imatha kukhala njira ina sterlet. Osachepera nthawi yakukhalanso nsomba zamtchire.

Kukula kwa Sterlet

Chaka choyamba nsomba chimakula pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwake kwa sterlet kumafika masentimita 10. Njira zimathandizira mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa nsomba zokhwima pakugonana ndi 60-70 cm ndi kulemera kwa 1.5-2 kg. Oyimira akuluakulu amadziwika ndi kukula kwa oposa 1 mita ndi kulemera kwa thupi la 7-7,5 kg. Sterlet 1.25 m yolemera makilogalamu 16.5 idakumana, koma ndizosowa kwambiri. Akazi amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa amuna, pomwe nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa amuna.

Zowaza

Kukula mwakugonana mwa amuna kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka 4-5 za moyo, komanso mwa akazi mu zaka 6-7. Kukula kwa sterlet nthawi zambiri kumayamba mu Epulo, madzi akayamba kutentha + mpaka 9-10 C. Madera akumpoto, kuswana sikuyamba koyambirira kwa Meyi. Amuna ndiye oyamba kuthamangira kumtunda, ndikusankha ziwembu m'misewu ya mitsinje yambiri kapena kusefukira kwamadzi. Amayi amalumikizana pamene madzi afika mpaka + 12 mpaka 13C. Kufalikira kumachitika pakuya kwa mamita 8 mpaka 15, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi miyala komanso yosagawika.

Caviar amatsatira mwamphamvu miyala, miyala kapena miyala yaying'ono yam'madzi; ngakhale magetsi amphamvu samachotsa. Mazira amdima kapena akuda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe omata, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri mamilimita awiri, ndi kulemera kwa 7-8 mg. Mphutsi zimaphukira kwa masiku 9-9, ndipo koyamba sterlet imadya zipatso zake zophikira. Pakatha milungu iwiri, chikwama chachilengedwe chimatha, ndipo chodumphacho chimayamba kutulutsa chakudya chokha.

Wamkazi mmodzi amatha kusesa mazira oposa 120,000, kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kukula ndi msodzi wa nsomba. Sterlet caviar ndi yaying'ono kuposa oyimira ena a sturgeon. Kutumphuka kumatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kenako chikalatacho chimachoka pamtsinje ndikufika kudera lamadzi, pomwe chimakhala m'mabango ndi m'madzi kuti zizidyetsa. Akuluakulu ena samasamba nyengo iliyonse.

Sterlet Habitats

Sterlet imakhala nsomba zamtsinje, zomwe sizimapezeka konse kunyanja. Malo okhala sterlet ndi omwe amakhala m'madzi oyera a ku Russia Russia, kuphatikiza ndi Siberia ndi Yenisei. Nsomba ndizambiri ku Kama, pa ngalande ya Catherine, mu beseni la Northern Dvina. Masamba a Volga (m'chigawo chake chotsika komanso chapakati) amadziwika kwambiri ndi sterlet yambiri; imapezekanso m'madziwe a Onega ndi Ladoga.

Zopewera madzi amchere, zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zotere:

M'masamba a Dnieper, munthu wamtengo wapatali amapezeka m'malo a Smolensk ndi Bryansk, akusambira m'madzi owonekera a Danube, Prut ndi Bug. Mu beseni la Black Sea, sterlet samapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono, chaka chilichonse kumakhala nsomba zochepa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa matupi amadzi.

Makhalidwe abwino

Nsomba za Sterlet zimapezeka m'mitsinje yoyera, yamadzi okhala ndi mchenga, wokhala ndi miyala kapena pansi. Mitsinje yaying'ono yokhala pansi pamatope, matope ndi madzi osayenda odutsa. Mchere wamchere umapewedwanso. Nsombazo ndi zamtundu wocheperako, koma sizikhutira ndikusambira kwakutali, zimangokhala pansi, kumangosiya pansi zikungotulutsa kapena pakudya.

Moyo wa sterlet ndiwophatikizika, nsomba zimagawika m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono pofika zaka zambiri ndipo sizimayenda zokha. Nyengo yozizira pa sterlet imatha nthawi yomweyo mtsinje utayamba kusefukira. Nthawi yoyambira ntchito ya masika imatengera dera - kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka Epulo. Asanatulutse, nsomba imadya kwambiri, ndipo ikasunthika imayandikira pafupi kuti ikonzenso mphamvu. M'nyengo yotentha, sterlet imakhala yakuya masana, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo imafika kumadera okhala m'mphepete mwa zomera zambiri. Sterlet-nosed stentlet ndiwogwira kwambiri kuposa wopindika, womwe umakonda kuya.

Chomeracho chimakhala usiku wonse pagombe, chikugwira tizilombo. Amatha kudumphira kumbuyo kwake ndikutulutsa chakudya chakugwa kuchokera kunthambi. Ndi nthawi yophukira, nsombayo imapita pansi, kufunafuna malo akuya kwambiri komanso otentha komwe imakumba mumchenga kapena kubisala pansi pamiyala. Mothandizidwa ndi izi, amakhala nthawi yachisanu. Imakonda mabowo akuya kwa 20-25 m, pomwe imadzazidwa ndi mizere yowala. Sterlet hibernation imayamba molawirira - kumapeto kwa Seputembala, nsomba imataya ntchito ndi mabodza, kuthera nthawi yozizira popanda chakudya.

Zozungulira moyo

Masabata oyamba amoyo, mwachangu amabisala m'matumbo am'madzi kapena pansi pa miyala ndipo samachoka komwe amabadwira. Amadyanso timadziti timene timayamwa kuchokera ku kuwira kwachilengedwe. Akakula, amagogoda pamodzi pagululo ndikuyamba kuweramuka akusaka chakudya. Mu zaka ziwiri za moyo, sterlet imakula mpaka 20 cm, patatha zaka zisanu imadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa sterlet ndi zaka 27-30, koma izi sizokwanira poyerekeza ndi ma sturgeon ena, omwe amatengedwa ngati obala ndipo amakhala ndi zaka 75-80. Sterlet imatha kuphatikizana ndi mitundu ina ya abale ake kuchokera ku mtundu wa sturgeon, makamaka, ndi beluga. Zotsatira zake ndi wosakanizidwa wapadera - woberekera.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Sterlet ndi nsomba yodya nyama ndipo amakonda zakudya za nyama. Zakudya za Sterlet zimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa zimadyera zamoyo pamtunda komanso pansi pa madzi mozama. The mwachangu amadyera ochepa crustaceans (brine shrimp, daphnia, etc.), maollus, mphutsi, ndi plankton osiyanasiyana. Akamakula, zakudya zazikulu zimaphatikizidwanso m'zakudya - mphutsi, kafadala, crustaceans, nsomba zazing'ono ndi caviar a nsomba zina (sizimanyansidwa ndi zomwe zimapanga).

M'nyengo yotentha, sterlet imadya tizilombo: udzudzu, ziwala, midges, agulugufe. Chomeracho chimatha kugwira ntchentche ndikuuluka, ndikukudumphira m'madzi. Kuphatikiza pa mphuno yayitali, amakhalanso ndi tendril yofunafuna chakudya, pomwe sterlet imagwira thovu la womenyedwayo pansi.

Njira za usodzi

Kuti mugwire sterlet, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera. M'mene nsomba zimadalira nyengo.Mtsinje ukadzaza, wovutikayo amabwera pafupi ndi gombe, kwinaku akutsika madzi, amakhalabe pafupi ndi mabowo akuya. Sterlet imasankha madera omwe mtsinjewo umafooka ndikuyenda pamadzi othamanga - tizilombo tambiri timadziunjikira komweko. Kuluma nthawi zambiri kumayembekezeredwa mochedwa komanso m'mawa, koma akatswiri odziwa bwino zinthu zam'mbuyomu amadziwa kusadalirika kwa nsomba.

Vuto lodziwika bwino lokhudza sterlet ndikuti donka, i.e. ndodo yosodzi pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito ndodo za carp, zomangira kapena abulu. Ndikwabwino kutenga coil wamkati, yemwe amakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma tiketi ataliatali. Chingwe cha nsomba chimakhala choyenera ndi mulifupi wa 0,3 mm, mtunduwo ulibe kanthu - sterlet sili ndi manyazi kwambiri. Sinker iyenera kukhala yopyapyala komanso yolemetsa (60-80 gr.), Kotero yamakono siyiphulitsa. Kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa 30-40 mm ndi bwino kuchotsedwa, kuti ngati kuli kotheka, musinthe. Mphezi ziwiri zoluka 50 cm kutsogolo kwaamira. Chokolecho chikufunika lakuthwa komanso lolimba, lolondola No. 7. Kuchokera mkamwa mwa sterlet ndikosavuta kupeza chokoleza ndi mkono wamtali.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndodo yosodza, ndodoyo ndi yolimba koma yayitali kotero kuti ndiyotheka kuyendetsa nsomba. Tizilomboti timagwiritsa ntchito zopyapyala, zomwe zingapewe kukodwa mu msodzi. Zokoleza ndizoyenera komanso zopyapyala, ndibwino kumangiriza ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Amagwiranso ndi sterlet ndi ndodo yopota, posankha ndodo yapakati kapena yapamwamba. Choyikiracho chimayenera kukhala cha mtundu wamtundu, womira, mzere wasodzi ndi mbedza zimatengedwa, monga pansi, kupatsidwa kuya kwa mtsinje ndi mawonekedwe a pansi.

Kuwedza nsomba kumaloledwa kokha pansi pa chilolezo, apo ayi mutha kulandira chindapusa ngati mutha kupha nsomba popanda chilolezo. Tsiku lokumbukira likuyambira pa Julayi mpaka Seputembara 1. Sizoletsedwa kupha nsomba anthu osakwana 30 cm. Mukasodza, chiphaso chizikhala chotseka, apo ayi nsomba sizitha kunyamula.

Malonda a Sterlet

Sterlet siinanyengeke, nozzles amagwiritsa ntchito zochokera nyama. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazing'onozing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, mphutsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera nyongolotsi - ndowe, mvula ndi zokwawa.

Monga nyambo ndizoyeneranso:

• agulugufe ang'onoang'ono
• kachilomboka
• chimfine,
• mwachangu nsomba zina.

Kukula kwa nyambo pa sterlet sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 5, ochenjezedwa mosamala angodutsa nyambo yayikulu.

Kalori wolimbitsa

Makilogalamu 0.10 (100 g) wachitsulo chatsopano chili ndi 122 kcal. Mukamaphika nsomba m'madzi amchere, zinthu zopatsa mphamvu zimatsika mpaka 88 kcal. Sterlet ilibe chakudya, mafuta ndi 2.02 g. Muli mapuloteni - 17 gr., Ndipo mavitamini a gulu la PP. Muli gulu la michere - fluorine, calcium, zinc, chlorine.

Kuswana ndi kubereka

Chowoneka bwino mu banja la sturgeon ndichimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi kubereka. Amphongo okhwima azaka 4 ... wazaka 5, zazikazi zimakonzekera kutalika kutalika - zaka 7 ... zaka 8. Malo owerengeka ndi malo amiyala ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje yokhala ndi kuya kwakukuru ndi mafunde amphamvu, okhala ndi mchenga, cartilaginous, mozizwitsa, pansi pamiyala.

Nthawi zambiri, kuwaza kumachitika mu Meyi, pomwe madzi mumitsinje adakwera kwambiri momwe angathere ndikusungabe mulingo wake ngakhale atayamba kuchepa. Kutalika kwachilengedwe ndi masabata angapo. Kubalalika mu sterlet kumagawika.

Caviar yamtunduwu ndi yowuma komanso yakuda, koma yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi ena a sturgeon. Mkazi m'modzi amakhala ndi mazira pafupifupi 100,000. Mtundu wake umatengera mtundu wachikazi.

Kuwoneka kwa mwachangu kuchokera kwa caviar kumachitika tsiku lachinayi. Zowoneka ngati nsomba zimakhalabe m'malo mwake (m'matumbo) pafupifupi mpaka kugwa. Atatha kulimba, nthawi ndi nthawi amapita kumagawo a silt pansi, momwe mumakhala chakudya chochulukirapo.

Kugawira

Malo okhala zachilengedwe a sterlet ndi ochulukirapo. Awa ndi mitsinje ya m'mphepete mwa Caspian, Azov, Nyanja Zikuda, zigawo za Pyasina, Yenisei, Lena, Ob, ndi Northern Dvina. Pali imodzi mu nyanja ya Onega ndi Ladoga. Chifukwa chakusunga kwanyanjayi, nsomba zili mu Oka, Amur, Pechora, Onega, Zapadnaya Dvina, Neman, Protok, ndi m'malo ena osungira.

Chiwerengero komanso chitetezo cha anthu

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri okhala m'mitsinje akuchepa kwambiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu za m'nyumba, zaulimi, mafakitale kumadzi. Zowonongeka zazikulu za nsomba zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe ozembetsa, chifukwa cha mitsinje yopanda tanthauzo. Kuchepa kwa kubereka kwachilengedwe kwa sterlet kudakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi malo osungirako, momwe madzi amayendera adachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo madera akulu adadzala. Kuphatikiza apo, madamu adakhala zolepheretsa pakusuntha kwa nsomba kupita kumalo (mitsinje yapamwamba) posachedwa.

Nsomba zimagawidwa ku Russia m'mitundu yomwe ili yovuta kwambiri ndipo kenako ikhoza kutha. Pali sterlet m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red, mu CITES Appendix. Amachitanso chimodzimodzi m'maiko ena.

Dera lirilonse limapereka malamulo ake kuti asodzi azisamba, koma kusiyana kwake kumakhudzana ndi nthawi yake. Malamulo osaka nsomba zodabwitsazi ndi monga:

• - kupeza chilolezo - imapatsa ufulu kugwira nsomba khumi ndi ziwiri masiku atatu, ndipo anthu ayenera kulemera theka la kilogalamu ndikukhala ndi masentimita 32,
• - imaloledwa kugwira ndi mbedza zisanu, iliyonse ili ndi zida zopanda zoposera zisanu,
• - kugwira sterlet pansi pa layisensi kuloledwa nthawi ya Julayi - Seputembara,
• - kumapeto kwa kusaka, deta yokhudza kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zidagwidwa ndipo zitatha zimalowetsedwa mchilolezo.

Mwa njira: kuchuluka kwa ziphaso ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo si aliyense angamvetsetse.

Kupanga mozungulira ndi kulima sterlet

Sterlet idakhala nsomba yamadzi oyera abwino abwino. Kugwirizana kwake kwakhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa nsomba kuti ithe. Zosadabwitsa kuti, atapatsidwa izi, adayamba kukula mwakapangidwe. Kupindulitsa kwa bizinesi ndikwambiri kwambiri, koma njirayi ndiyabwino, yayitali komanso yovuta.

Pofuna kubereka sterlet, minda ya khola imapangidwa bwino, yomwe imayikidwa m'malo osungira. Nsomba "amatanthauza" zonse modekha. Masana, limamatira m'munsi mwa madzi, limadzuka usiku ndipo, kukhala wopepuka, nthawi zambiri kumeza mpweya.

Kutentha kwenikweni kwa sterlet ndi +22 ° C. Ngati imagwera pansi pa +0.3 ° C, nsomba imamwalira. Imadyera osayenera kuyambira pansi komanso makhoma - imanyalanyaza chakudya m'madzi.

Momwe kukula kwa sterlet kumaphatikizira:

• -Kukhazikika kwa opanga muzingwe, awa ndi anthu achikulire, nsomba zokhwima - agwidwa kale kumadera asodzi ndikupita kumalo oyenera,
• - kapena opanga omwe akukula: izi zimachitika ngati zinthu zakunja sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, zibzalidwe m'mafamu iwowo, ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ma sterlet ambiri,
• -kapena kugula kwa caviar, izi zimachitika ngati famuyi ikungogwira ntchito yolima nsomba ndikasiya masamba agwira ntchito ndi opanga,
• - kulowetsa mazira: njira yomwe mazira amasungidwa nthawi zina, mphutsi zikatuluka.
• - zomwe zimakula mwachangu: nthawi yomweyo, zimadyetsa mphutsi ndi chakudya chosankhidwa mwapadera, muzakudya choyamba pali crustaceans omwe amangidwa momasuka ndi agar, pambuyo pake amawonjezera ku dreisser, minced nsomba,
• - nyengo yachisanu ya ana mu makola ozizira,
• - sterlet yokulira.

Mchitidwe wokukula sterlet ukuwonetsa kuti njira yothandiza kwambiri mu bizinesi iyi ndiophatikiza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nsombayo imakhala pachilimwe m'madzi otseguka, chifukwa nthawi yozizira imasinthidwa kukhala maiwe momwe madzi amawotchera.

Matenda a Sterlet

Sterlet ndi nsomba yomwe imakana matenda komanso kukulitsa matenda. Koma nthawi zina amadwala. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta kwa iye. Kuphatikiza apo, sterlet imatha kudwala ndi tizilombo, mabakiteriya, mafangasi, matenda obwera.

Chithandizo cha sterlet chimachepetsedwa, nthawi zambiri, popewa kupewa. Chofunikira mwa iwo ndikusunga nsomba molondola, kuwachotsa pamavuto.

Mwachitsanzo, zomalizirazi zimakhudza sterlet yoyambitsa:

• - saprolegniosis, flexibacteriosis, aeromoniasis, trichodiosis - ngati kachulukidwe kakubzala m'makhola akapitilira,
• - gill necrosis - ngati pali ammonia yambiri m'madzi kapena ngati mwaipitsidwa ndi zinthu zina monga organic,
• - matenda obwera ndi gasi - ngati madzi ali opanda bwino, ali ndi mpweya wokwanira.
• - myopathy - ngati pali zinthu zakupha m'madzi.

Kulipirira nsomba kwa sterlet

Chomerachi chimakhala cha anthu wamba okhala pansi pa madzi, chifukwa chodziwedza, ndiye kuti amatumphukira. Chokhacho chomwe simukuyenera kukhalamo ndizingwe zopyapyala, zingwe zazing'ono, komwe kumakhala zovuta zambiri pokhudzana ndi zida zamagetsi ndi kuthyoka ndi ngowe.

Nthawi zambiri, sterlet imagwidwa pafupi ndi gombe, chifukwa chake amagwiritsa pansi zida zowonjezera. Koma ndi kuyambika kwa yophukira, ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi msinkhu wake, masukulu a nsomba amasamukira kumalo okhala ndi kuya kwakukulu (mpaka 20 mita). Kuluka kumawathandiza kuwafikira ndi mabala akutali.

Amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zazikulu kapena zapakatikati zopindika bwino ndi ma inertia / inertia reels. Dawo lamtambo wophera nsomba ndi 0,25 ... 0,35 m, utoto uliwonse, leash imayikidwa pang'ono zowonda - 020 mm.

Chowiyira chida chofufuzira pa sterlet chimasankhidwa mowonera maphunzirowo ndi zotsukira pansi. Chokolecho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkono wautali - ndikosavuta kuchichotsa mkamwa, womwe ndi mnofu wa nsomba. Kukula kwake, kuli bwino kuposa No. 5 ... No. 7.

Mwa nyambo yokha, magiya othamanga ndi gulu la mphutsi. Masiku ano, nyambo yoyeserera silicone caviar imayamikiridwa kwambiri. Komanso, ofiira ndikuphatikizira kununkhira kwa caviar weniweni.

Kulanda Sterlet Donkas

Magiya awa, m'makonzedwe osiyanasiyana, amawonedwa ndi asodzi kukhala abwino kwambiri asodzi a nsomba. Kuti ayambitse chilimwe, amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito abulu, momwe mumakhala oyamwa ndi zotupa. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kosavuta kugwira, chifukwa sichimawopa nkhuni konse ndipo chimakhala ndi ma PC angapo (mpaka ma 5.) Kugwera ndi mbedza. Ndiwofunikanso chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi sterlet imatuluka kudzadyetsa pafupi ndi gombe.

Pakumenyedwa pansi, ndodo imagwiritsidwa ntchito - nthawi zambiri ndodo yopindika imakhala ndi choimbira chopanda inertia. Ndi thandizo lawo, nyambo zakutali zimapangidwa, ndikosavuta kumasula matangwanowo ndikuchotsa chosemphacho chomwe chimakola mbedza.

Mzerewu nthawi zambiri umayikidwa pansi pa 0,35 mm - ziribe kanthu mtundu ndi mtundu. Kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 40 - gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wokhazikika komanso wotuluka nthawi zambiri. Chowira pansi pa maphunzirowa komanso chimango cha pansi mkati mwa 30 ... 100 g. Hook No. 5 ... No. 7 (osapitirira 5 pamsodzi aliyense).

Momwe nyambo imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndowe ndi nyongolotsi zazikuru zazikulu (mwina zapakatikati). Amasunthidwa ndi kuboola m'malo angapo - izi zimapereka nyambo kwambiri.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chophatikiza cha mphutsi ndi zokopa zina zilizonse. Koma iyenera kununkhira kwambiri - bwino ndi adyo kapena nsomba, ikawola. Ikani nyambo pansi. Bwino ngati ili yokhazikika osati yolimba.

Kulanda Sterlet ndi Ndodo Yosodza

Kulanda sterlet yokhala ndi zovuta zotere sikosangalatsa, koma kothandiza. Komanso, mtundu wa usodzi ndi wodekha, popeza nthawi zambiri nyama zomwe sizigwira nthawi zambiri zimakana. Chachikulu ndikupeza malo pomwe sterlet imadyera.

Ndodo imagwiritsidwa ntchito yayitali - mpaka 5 metres ndi coer inaletiss / coil. Loyamba limapangitsa kuti nyamboyo iponyedwe mokwanira. Inde, ndikuwedza nsomba mwachangu.

Chingwe chimatengedwa 0,2 mm, kutayikira kumakhala kofanana kapena kocheperako - 0,18 mm. Hook imodzi kapena iwiri - No. 5 ... No. 7. Timalemera mpaka 10 g ndipo pansi pake timayandama. Chingwe chachikulu chokhala ndi chingwe cholumikizidwa mbedza. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mphutsi zingapo.

Chomenyera chimagwidwa pafupi ndi gombe madzi osefukira. Nthawi zambiri, kuluma nsomba kumadzulo.

Bishop Sterlet Khutu

Zinthu zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pophikirapo zimaphatikizapo 3.5 kg ya sterlet, mchere, 5 l lamadzi, theka la nyama ya nkhuku / turkey, 2.5 kg ya nsomba zazing'ono (chilichonse), tsamba la bay, nandolo ndi nandolo.

Mbale imaphikidwa mogwirizana ndi dongosolo ili:

• - wiritsani msuzi wamphamvu kuchokera ku nkhuku / nkhuku, zosefera,
• - nsomba yaying'ono idakulungidwa mu cheesecloth, ndikuviika mu msuzi wokhazikika ndikuwuphika mpaka itayamba kuphala, kuchotsedwa, kutayidwa,
• - sintha msuzi,
• - ikani chovalazo mu msuzi ndikuphika,
• - pakuphika kwa 15 ... 20 min. masamba, Bay, tsabola ndi anyezi wokutidwa ndi gauze amazviika msuzi,
• - sterlet ikakonzeka, amatulutsa.
• - mpaka magalasi awiri a vodika amathiridwa mu msuzi,
• - Tumikirani khutu ndi sterlet komanso kuwonjezera mafuta.

Makutu a Sterlet ndi champagne

Zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika: 1.5 kg sterlet, 1 makilogalamu ruff, anyezi 2, 4 iliyonse. mizu ya udzu winawake ndi ya parsley, gulu la amadyera (katsabola kapena parsley), theka kapu ya ruff kapena nsomba ya caviar, 4 tbsp. l anyezi wopaka, theka ndimu, kapu ya champagne.

Mbale imaphikidwa kutsatira malangizo:

• - wiritsani khutu pogwiritsa ntchito ruff, mizu, zosefera, kumveketsa mawu pogwiritsa ntchito caviar,
• - kudula sterlet kukhala zidutswa, kuwatha madzi, kuwapukuta ndi matawulo pepala,
• - Tumizani zidutswa za nsomba ku msuzi ndi mphindi 15. kuphika mpaka okonzeka,
• - msuzi wotsatira umasefedwanso,
• - adaphika mumbale ya supu: yambani kuikapo masamba owaza, kenako onjezani amadyera, kumapeto kuwonjezera supu yamadzi amadzimadzi,
• - champagne imawonjezeredwa khutu - imapatsa kukoma.
• - perekani anyezi wopindika, mphete za mandimu mpaka khutu.

Jellied sterlet ndi caviar

Mbale yayikulu imadzazidwa ndi zakudya ndi masentimita. Ikawuma, zidutswa za nsomba zimayikidwa m'mizere pamwamba (khungu limayikidwa pansi). Pa chidutswa chilichonse chimagona granular caviar pamulu wa tsp. l Makosi am khansa amayikidwa pambali.

Pambuyo pake, odzola amawonjezeredwa mbale - kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuphimba zidutswa za nsomba. Amapita nawo kuchipinda chozizira ndikuwaziziritsa mpaka zonunkhira zimakuwa.

Tumikirani chakudya ndi msuzi, horseradish ndi viniga.

Sterlet Jelly

Pophika mwachizolowezi, muyenera: kilogalamu ya sterlet, 20 g ya gelatin, 2 tbsp. l caviar, karoti, muzu wa parsley, anyezi.

Malangizo Kuphika:

• - sterlet imatsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kupukutidwa ndi chopukutira, kuduladula ndi kuwiritsa,
• - sterlet ikakonzeka, amatulutsa, ndikuyika mu mbale yakuya, ndikuphimba ndi chopukutira,
• - Sulani msuzi wopezeka ndi sterlet yophika,
• - gelatin imayikidwa msuzi, ikusunthidwa mpaka kusungunuka,
• - yatsani msuzi chifukwa cha gelatin caviar: 2 tbsp. l Ng'ombe zamphongo zimagwera m'matope, pang'onopang'ono zimawonjezera madzi ozizira m'makonkoni momwemo - mtanda wambiri udzapezedwa, osakaniza ndikuwonjezera madzi osazizira, kenako khutu lotentha (galasi) likawonjezeredwa, mutatha kusuntha chilichonse, umathiridwa kawiri mumsavu wokhala ndi mafuta otentha, wachiwiri kutsanulira mafuta mutatha kuwira ndi gawo loyamba la osakaniza, pambuyo pa chithupsa chotsatira, zosetsani mafuta,
• - Yesetsani mafuta odzola ndikutsanulira, asanagwire ntchito, ikani masamba a parsley, khosi la khansa kapena zidutswa za nkhanu zidutswa za nsomba.

Momwe mungayeretsere sterlet

Anthu ambiri amafunsa kuti: kuyeretsa bwanji? Ngati nsomba ili yamoyo, iyenera kuyikidwa mufiriji kwa ola limodzi.

Dulani sterlet ndi mpeni wakuthwa motere:

• tsuka nsomba ndikuthira pamadzi otentha kuti uchotse ntchofu
• Dulani nsikidzi zonse kumbuyo, ndikuchita kuyambira kumchira mpaka kumutu,
• ndikulunga khungu pakati pazishango,
• kudula mchira ndi zipsepse. Mukaphika lonse, gill amayenera kuchotsedwa.

Dulani m'mimba pakati, ndikupeza zolowa. Chitani zinthu mosamala osakhudza ndulu. Ngati caviar igwidwa, iyenera kutsukidwa bwino, kumasulidwa mufilimu ndikuthira mchere.

Chotsani kufinya: pangani gawo limodzi pafupi ndi mutu, ndipo chachiwiri pafupi ndi mchira, kudula mzere nsomba. Tengani chingwe choyera ndi ma tweezers kapena mbeza ndikutulutsa mosamala popanda kuwononga makoma a visage (mkati mwake muli poizoni). Ngati sichichotsedwa, nyamayo imakhala yoopsa.