Achule ndi zolengedwa zofala kwambiri. Ma amphibians awa, kapena, monga amatchulidwanso, amphibians, amaleredwapo ambiri m'matumbo ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, ndipo amagwidwa ndi minda yolima.
M'miyezi yotentha yachisomo, zolengedwa zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa m'mphepete mwa malo okhala ndi chingwe chaching'ono komanso m'nkhalango. Amakhala ndipo amapezeka mwachilengedwe pafupifupi kulikonse.
Koma ndizofala makamaka, zodziwika komanso zodziwika bwino chule wachikazi, lomwe lathawirako kumadera ambiri ku Europe. Awa ammadzi amakhala m'malo otentha komanso opanda malo okhala nkhalango ndi malo okhala nkhalango, ambiri amapezeka m'malo otetezeka komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pamiyala yamtchire komanso m'nkhalango zamatchire.
Ngakhale bwalo lamapaki ndi mabwalo amizinda ikuluikulu itha kukhala malo okhala achule. Amapezeka ku Carpathians ndi Altai, kufalikira kuchokera kumadera akumwera kwa Yugoslavia kupita kumadera akumpoto kwa Scandinavia, komanso kum'mawa kudutsa dera lalikulu la Russia mpaka kumapiri a Ural.
Tizilomboti timakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 7 cm, ndipo thupi lawo limakhala lalitali pafupifupi kuposa miyendo yakumunsi. Monga mukuwonera chithunzi cha phulusa, utoto umaphimba bwino kuzungulira kwa malo a chilimwe ndi udzu wobiriwira, womwe umapangidwa bwino kwambiri, kuchokera kumaso pafupifupi mpaka phewa, pang'onopang'ono, ndi malo akulu kwakanthawi komwe kumapangitsa chule kuti asawonekere kwambiri ndi zolengedwa zoyandikana, zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wopanda kukayikira pakusaka kwa zoterezi amphibians.
Mbiri yayikulu ya kumbuyo kwa zolengedwa izi nthawi zambiri imakhala ya bulauni, komwe mithunzi ya maolivi, pinki ndi chikasu imatha kuwonjezeredwa, yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe opanda mawonekedwe, osiyana kukula kwake, amawona osati kumbuyo, komanso m'mbali. Nthawi zina chingwe chautali wapamwamba chimawonjezeredwa ndi utoto wathunthu wapamwamba. Khungu m'chiuno ndi m'mbali mwake ndi losalala.
Pa chithunzicho, chule champhongo champhongo pachaka chokhwima
Kuchera mafotokozedwe achule, ndikofunikira kunena kuti amuna amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wabuluu womwe amakhala nawo nthawi yakukhwima, kusiyana ndi zazikazi zofiirira kapena zofiirira, komanso ndi chimanga cholakwika pa chala choyamba cha kutsogolo.
Palinso, zizindikiro zokwanira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithe kusiyanitsa achule onyansa ndi udzu. Mwa iwo, calcaneal tubercle, yomwe mwa amphibians yoyamba imadalilika kwambiri.
Yachiwiri ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, achule a udzu amakhala ndi mimba. Pamaso pa zizindikiro zina, koma mawonekedwe apamwamba a mawonekedwe a amphibian wofotokozedwayo ndi muzzle lakuthwa, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha dzinalo.
Mitundu siyikumveka chuma chachuma. Mwakutero, zolengedwa izi zimakhala m'gulu la achule a bulauni, powaganizira kuti ndi amodzi mwa oimira mitundu ya anyani opanda zingwe za nyama zoweta.
Makhalidwe achule a Marsh
A Amphibian ndi oimira magazi ozizira a nyama zamapulaneti. Chifukwa chake amapanga kufotokozera mwachidule achule, nkosatheka kuzindikira kuti zochita za zolengedwa zotere zimadalira kwambiri kutentha kwa kuzungulira kwa mlengalenga dzuwa.
Mu nyengo yofunda, ali ndi moyo, koma matenthedwe akangotuluka pang'ono, amakhala atayamba kale kugwira ntchito komanso mafoni. Kuuma amathanso kuwaononga, chifukwa ma amphibians amapuma osati kuwala kokha, komanso khungu, lomwe limafunikira chinyezi chambiri.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake zolengedwa zotere sizimakonda kuchoka pamatupi amadzi pamtunda wopitilira mamiliyoni angapo. Ndipo akakhala kumtunda, amafunafuna pang'onopang'ono kuwala kwa dzuwa pakati pa masamba adagwa, pansi pa nthambi zamitengo ndi udzu wandiweyani.
Patsiku lotentha, nthawi zambiri amapuma pansi pa dziwe. Ikayamba nyengo yophukira, achule amapita kukafunafuna malo oti azidyere nyengo yachisanu, komwe amakhala m'mizere yowola, masamba ndi nthambi, m'miyala ing'onoing'ono ya zinyama ndi maenje, nthawi zina m'malo oyambira.
Okonda nyama zakuthengo nthawi zambiri amasunga achule owongolera mnyumba m'malo ochepa, osaya, koma ofunika kwambiri m'derali, omwe ali ndi malo osungira komanso zomera zabwino.
Kuchuluka kwa nyumba ya achule nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi malita 40, ndipo pamwamba pa bwaloyo kumakutidwa ndi mesh yomwe ili ndi wandiweyani, koma kudzera momwe mpweya umadutsa. Amphibians safuna kutentha ndi magetsi owonjezera.
Mawonekedwe
Achule amtunduwu siakulu kukula, amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 7. Chowoneka chosiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe opindika.
Chifukwa cha utoto wachilendo, chule yemwe ali ndi lakuthwa satha kuwoneka bwino. Kumbuyo kwa mtundu wa bulauni kumatha kukhala ndimtambo wina wachikasu, wa pinki, wa maolivi. Malo owoneka opanda mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamenepo. Choyimira chingwe nthawi zina chimadutsa kumbuyo. Kuchokera kumaso mpaka phewa kumakutambasulira malo amdima omwe amachita ntchito yobisika pakasaka. Yaimuna imatha kudziwika ndi mayina oyipa omwe ali paminwe ya zala zamtsogolo, komanso utoto wamtundu wa thupi, womwe amapeza nthawi yakukhwima. Zaka zokhala ndi moyo zaka 12.
Kufalitsa
Pafupifupi paliponse m'chigawo cha mayiko aku Europe, chule wamaso owoneka bwino amakhala, chithunzi chake chomwe zalembedwa m'nkhaniyi. Kumpoto, kugawa kwake kumakhala ku Scandinavia, kumwera - ku Yugoslavia ndi Romania. Ku Russia, mitunduyi imachokera ku Nyanja Yoyera mpaka kukafika kumapeto kwa Don kudera la Rostov, kuphatikiza Western Siberia ndi Urals.
Muzzle chule kudya
Thanzi la achule limatengera nthawi ya chaka ndipo, motero, pamtunda womwe amakhala moyo wawo wonse. Ndiwotsala, ndipo lilime lawo lalitali, lokhazikika, lotha kulanda nyama moyenera, limawathandiza kupeza chakudya ndikusaka (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika nthawi yamadzulo).
Chakudya chachikulu cha zinthu zamoyozi ndi tizilombo. Itha kukhala mbozi, udzudzu womwe achule amagwira mwachindunji pa ntchentche, akangaude, nyerere ndi nsikidzi, komanso ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana: ma earthworms ndi ma mollusks. Achule amenewa amatha kusangalala ndi abale awo.
Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi chiwembu chake chaching'ono (pafupifupi mazana atatu), momwe amapezera chakudya chake, kusaka, amawateteza kwa alendo osafunidwa. Ngati pazifukwa zina kulibe chakudya chokwanira pamalo oterowo, achule omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono amayamba kusuntha pofunafuna malo abwinoko.
Habitat
Madera okhala m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango ndi malo akuluakulu omwe mitunduyi ya achule imakhala yambiri. M'mapiri, sapezeka ku Altai, pamalo osaposa 2140 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, mu Carpathians, mpaka kutalika kwa 987. Amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, amasankha madera onyowa komanso owuma.
Kubalanso komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa chule
Moyo wa amphibians awa umayamba m'madzi. Muli chilengedwe ichi, nthawi zambiri m'malo osaya, osaya, wokutidwa ndi udzu, m'mitsemba ndi maenje, caviar imayikidwa, ndipo ndi momwe zimachitikira. kuswana kwachule. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, chisanu chikasungunuka, ndipo madzi amakwaniritsa kutentha pang'ono. Nthawi yakukhwima ikutha komanso kutalika mu Meyi.
Achule a Muzzle pa nthawi ya kuswana
Chiwerengero cha mazira a mayi m'modzi, ndi mainchesi opitilira theka la centimeter, chimakhala cha mazana kapena ngakhale masauzande masauzande. Mazira akaikira, gawo la amayi achule mu kubereka limatha, ndipo yamphongo imateteza ana.
Koma ngakhale kukhala tcheru kwake sikungateteze achule am'tsogolo m'mavuto owopsa. Gawo laling'ono chabe la mazira limatsalira ndikufika kukhwima kwa munthu wamkulu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ana awonongedwa ndi sunbeams kuyambira posachedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kuti ziume matupi amadzi posachedwapa.
Nthawi yakukhazikitsidwa kwa mazira zimadalira nyengo komanso malo okhala nyengo ndipo imatha kukhala masiku 5 mpaka milungu itatu, pambuyo pake mphutsi zam'maso, zomwe tadpoles zimawonekera mwezi umodzi kapena itatu.
Pacithunzi-thunzi, chule
Kukhala ndi khungu lakuda, makanda, mosiyana ndi makolo awo, ali ndi chowonadi, poyerekeza ndi kukula kwawo, mchira wawukulu, wowirikiza kawiri matupi awo. Ndipo pakatha mwezi wina ali ndi miyendo yofananira, amayamba kupuma mosavuta, kenako mchirawo ukazimiririka.
Zamoyozi zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 12, ngati sizingachitike chifukwa cha zilombo zolusa. Achule, mbendera, zodyetsa ndi nyama zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka achule, mbalame - akhwangwala, agwede, agulu. Komanso adani a amphibians awa ndi njoka.
Moyo
Monga amphibians ena onse, chule wa muzzle amatha kukhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatengera kutentha kwa mpweya wozungulira. Nyengo yozizira ikachitika, amakhala ocheperako. Kutha kwa ma amphibians awa kupuma osati ndi mapapo, koma ndi nkhope yonse ya khungu kumafuna malo onyowa. Mpweya wouma ungawawononge. Chifukwa chake, chule amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, nthawi zina amasuntha kutali ndi chosungira mpaka mtunda wosaposa 20 mita. Amatha kubisala pansi pamizu yamitengo, masamba adagwa, udzu wakuda. Chofala kwambiri mukakhala chinyezi cha mpweya kupitirira 85%.
M'dzinja, mu Seputembala kapena Okutobala, chule amayenda nthawi yachisanu. Amakhala kumtunda, kubisala m'makola akale a makoswe, stumps zovunda kapena zipinda zapansi.
Muzzle Frog
Marsh chule (Rana arvalis) ndi woimira wodziwika komanso wofala pabanja la Real achule. Amakhala mu biotypes ofanana ndi udzu, ndipo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zonse zakunja ndi sayansi yake. Ngakhale zili choncho, chule wokhala ndi nkhope yakuthwa amatenga mbali yayikulu komanso kudziyimira pawokha ndipo ayenera kuyipatula.
Kutanthauzira kwa chule cha Muzzle
Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi la chule ndi 8 cm, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa - pafupifupi masentimita 5.5 Kutalika kwa mutu ndi 1.8 masentimita, m'chiuno ndi 2.5 cm, ndipo miyendo ndi 2.8 cm.
Thupi limakhala lalifupi, lamphamvu. Mutu umalozedwa, koma m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwake ndiofanana. Mphuno pamtunda womwewo kuchokera kumapeto kwa muzzle ndi kutsogolo kwa maso. Phunziroli ndi lozungulira. Danga laling'ono ndi locheperako, locheperako kuposa m'lifupi mwa malekezero apamwamba ndi mtunda pakati pa mphuno. Eardrum imawonetsedwa bwino.
Zala zakumiyendo zakutsogolo zili zopanda pake, zoyamba zimakhala zazitali kuposa zachiwiri. Tuberal yamkati yamkati ndi yayikulu, yayikulu, nthawi zambiri yoposa theka kutalika kwa chala. Malo amdima akasewera amatanthauziridwa bwino.
Kumbuyo ndi mbali kumatha kukhala ma tubercles of kukula osiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuli kwakuti khungu la muzzle ndi losalala.
Kamvekedwe ka utoto wathunthu wamtundu wakuda nthawi zambiri kamakhala bulauni. Ndinapezanso bulauni, maolivi opepuka, achikasu, anthu ofira njerwa. Mawanga amdima akumata kuchokera kumaso mpaka kumapeto. Miyendo yakumanzere kuchokera kumtunda pamalo otambalala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Kunja kwa thupi ndi miyendo ndi chikasu kapena oyera. Palibe mawanga pamimba. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, amphongo amakhala amtambo wabuluu wokhala ndi siliva.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chule ndi udzu, mungapeze apa.
Olemba ena amagawa mitundu ya achule amaso akuthwa m'magulu anayi, omwe amatha kupezeka m'mabuku amodzi omwewo:
- Wosanjidwa mawonekedwe. Kumbuyo kwake kumadutsa gulu lalikulu lowala, m'mphepete mwake komwe kuli gulu limodzi lofiirira kapena lofiirira. Spinal ofananira nawo omata ndi mawanga a bulauni kapena akuda.
- Pofalikira. Mzere wa dorsal kulibe ndipo m'malo mwake ndikuwunika malo owala.
- Fomu ya Motley. Mzere wa dorsal kulibe, mmalo mwake pali madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda omwe amaphatikizana m'malo, amapanga mitundu yayikulu yakuda.
- Mtundu wautoto. Mbali ya dorsal ndi yofiirira, nthawi zina pakati pa makutu a dorsal-lateral pamakhala mawonekedwe a U.
Dera
Kugawidwa ku Europe kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa France, ku Sweden, Finland, kumwera mpaka Nyanja ya Adriatic, kum'mawa kupita ku Urals, kumapezekanso ku Western ndi Central Siberia, kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, kum'mawa kwa malo komwe kumafika ku Altai ndi Yakutia. Chuma cha muzzle ndiye mtundu wokhawo wa michere yopanda tamba ku tundra. Imapezeka m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango komanso malo oponda, komanso m'malo opezeka chipululu (kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan) komanso m'mapiri okwera 800 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Chule chakuthwa kwambiri chikupezeka m'nkhalango, m'malo otetezeka, m'minda, malo abwino, minda, minda, minda yakhitchini, mapaki, misewu yammbali, pafupi ndi nyumba. Nthawi zambiri imakhala m'nkhalango zowuma (alder, oak, birch) ndi madambo osefukira. Nthawi yomweyo, iyi ndi mitundu yolekerera chilala kwambiri pakati pa achule omwe amapezeka kunkhalango, pamitunda youma. Mkhalidwe wofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa chule choyang'anizana ndi kupezeka kukhalapo pafupi ndi malo abwino osungirako kubereka.
Achule omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku, koma amatha kupezeka masana. M'malo abwino, amakhala m'malo omwewo ndipo samachoka kwa iwo kupitirira 25-30 metres. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kusamukira nthawi yayitali nthawi yayitali kukafufuza malo abwino komanso ochulukirapo. Chule cha muzzle chimakhala ndi moyo wokhala padziko lapansi, makamaka kuposa udzu.
Wotchedwa Frog Kuswana
Kuberekanso achule owoneka ngati akuthwa nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu nkhokwe zomwezo zomwe achule amapanga. Amakonda madamu oyimilira omwe ali ndi udzu womera kwambiri pansi. Nthawi zina zimaswana m'matumbo a peat.
Nthawi zina achule amenewa nthawi yozizira padziwe.
Achule otentha ndi achule omwe amakonda kutentha kwambiri, motero amatha kutuluka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yawo yakukhwima imayambanso pambuyo pake. Amuna amawoneka ngati akukhwima, panthawiyi amatcha phokoso losalala la akazi. Pa sekondi imodzi, achule amatulutsa mawu pafupifupi 4-7. Kuyimba kwa anyamatawa kumatikumbutsa galu wopendekera mwamphamvu.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira 2750. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimaziyika nthawi, ndipo nthawi zina zimapanga ma 2-3. Mazira osambitsidwa posachedwa amira pansi, koma popita nthawi, zipolopolo-zoterezi zimatupa ndipo zimakwera pamwamba pamadzi. Nthawi yakukula kwa achule a muzzle imagwirizana ndi nthawi yanthawi ya achule.
Chule wodziwikirayu amakhala zaka 11.
Kutalika kwa achule achichepere omwe angodutsa kumene metamorphosis kuchokera ku tadpole sikupitilira masentimita awiri. Kutengera ndi momwe akukhalira, oimira amtunduwu amatha kutha msinkhu pofika zaka 2-5. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna, monga lamulo, okhwima kale kuposa akazi. Mwachilengedwe, achule ochenjera amakhalabe ndi zaka 11.
Mwa mitundu iyi, chinthu chapadera chimawonedwa - genetic polymorphism. Ndiye kuti, mwa anthu amodzi akhoza kukhala anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ndi osiyana - achule amamba ndi owoneka. Kusiyana kwa ma genetic pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi sikungatengeke ndi utoto, komanso machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, achule amaso akuthwa amaloleza kugonjetsedwa kosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, pazitsulo zolemera. Amathandiziranso bwino kusokonezeka kwachilengedwe komwe kunapangidwa ndi anthu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zochepetsa ndi mawonekedwe
Adani akuluakulu a chule choyang'anizana ndi chilengedwe m'chilengedwe ndi mitundu yambiri, ngakhale njenjetezi zimadyedwa ndi kafadala. Mazira ndi mphutsi za chule zimadyedwa ndi ma tadpoles a chule la udzu, komanso ma amphibians (chida cha red-beed, chule wanyanja) ndi mbalame (abakha).Achinyamata ndi achikulire amadya nsomba (nsomba, pike wamba, zina), amphibians (chule la kunyanja), njoka (njoka wamba, Nikolsky njer), mbalame (mallard, imvi heron, chinkhanira chachikulu, nkhanu yamutu wakuda, thukuta, magpie, njenjete zamiyala yofiyira, zofala buzzard, etc.) ndi zolengedwa zazikazi (nkhandwe wamba, muskrat, boar zakutchire, ndi zina). Kwa ena a iwo (Nikolsky's viper), achule amapanga 20 peresenti kapena kupitirirapo kwa chakudya. Cannibalism imadziwika, makamaka mawonekedwe a mphutsi - mphutsi ndi mphutsi - dzira.
Cigalu cha Muzzle ndichule komanso mtundu wamba womwe umakhala m'chigawo cha Saratov. Mitunduyo sifunikira chitetezo chapadera. Kuphatikizidwa ndi annex III ku Berne Convention.
Mtundu
Kamvekedwe ka utoto wamba kumadalira nyengo, mwachitsanzo, patsiku lotentha dzuwa achule amawala kwambiri. Utoto wonyezimira, maolivi opepuka, achikasu, otuwa kapena ofiira. Mimba ya chule yozungulira ili yoyera kapena yachikasu yopanda mawonekedwe kapena yotuwa, yofiirira kapena yotuwa pakakhosi ndi pachifuwa.
Adani
Adani akuphatikiza njoka, njoka, achule a m'mbali mwa nyanja, agulugufe, abuluzi, mitsinje, nkhwazi zazing'ono, akhwangwala, zikhwangwala, mbewa, zala, nkhandwe, maondo ndi ma hedgehogs.
Chopepuka, chovala champhongo
Chakudya / Chakudya
Chule chokhala ndi nkhope yakuthwa chimasaka tizilombo tosuntha, nthawi yomweyo chimagwira nyama ndi lilime lalitali. Zakudyazo zimatengera komwe kumakhalako: kafadala, akangaude, mafilimu, nsikidzi, mbozi, udzudzu, nyerere, malo a chakudya a achule osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala kuderalo. Kukula kwa chiwembu cha chakudya komanso kudzipereka kwa achule kwa iye kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chakudya chake. Ngati chakudya chikhala chosakwanira kapena chinyezi chikasintha, mbulu wa chithaphwi amayamba kusamukira kumalo ena. Kusuntha kumapangidwa pang'onopang'ono kuthamanga kwa 3-20 m patsiku, pomwe simalo a chakudya chokha, komanso ma biotopes amatha kusintha. Kuyenda kotereku kumatha kuchitika pakangotha milungu ingapo, komanso kwa nyengo ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Khalidwe
Nthawi zambiri moyo wachule amakhala pamtunda, umasamba m'madzi koyambirira kwamasika. Atapita kumtunda, amasankha malo oyenera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo a 200-300 sq. M., pomwe amasaka ndipo amateteza kwa abale. Amakhala patsamba lino mpaka nthawi yozizira. Pitani kokasaka usiku ndikudya mwachangu pakati pa maola 20 mpaka 22. Pakati pausiku, zochitika zimayamba kuchepa, ndipo kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 18 ntchito ndi zochepa. Mu nthawi yopanda ntchito, imabisala pansi pamadziwe, nthawi yotentha imabisala m'malo otentha kwambiri (pansi pa mitengo yotsika, yopondera, ndi zina) Chule chokhala ndi nkhope yakuthwa chimachoka nyengo yachisanu kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Kutalika kwa hibernation ndi masiku 165-170. Achule achichepere amabwerera kukazizira mochedwa kuposa achikulire. Imakhala pamtunda m'magulu: m'mayenje okutidwa ndi masamba, milu ya masamba ndi burashi, m'makola a makoswe, ndi zina.
Nyengo / nyengo ya kuswana
Nyengo yoswana imayamba mu Marichi-Juni, nthawi zambiri masiku angapo chilimwe chikatha. Wamkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira 500-2700 (kutengera zaka). Dongosolo la dzira lomwe limakhala ndi zipolopolo ndi 7-8 mm, popanda zipolopolo 1.2-2 mm.
Chuma cha mzukwa, chachikazi ndi chachikazi
Kukula
Kutalika kwa ma tadpoles ndi 5-8 mm., Pamaso pa metamorphosis 35-48 mm. Mu mphutsi zangosambidwa kumene, ziwalo za thupi sizinalembedwe. Mutu umalekanitsidwa ndi thupi ndikulowera pang'ono, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kwa mluza kumakulitsidwa mchira wautali. Mchirawo umazunguliridwa ndi phokoso lalikulu likuyenda kumbuyo kwa mphutsi. Mapaipi ndi utoto wakuda. M'kamwa ndi galasi lokulitsa, amatha kuganizira mizere itatu ya mano a keratinized. Atangochita kumenyedwa, mipweya yakunja imayamba, kutalika kwakutali. Mu gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha malawi, miluza ya malekezero isanatuluke, pomwe njira zopangira ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zikupangika kwambiri, ma tadpoles achule akuwonjezeka ndi 0,4 mm patsiku. Kukula konse kwa zophuka kumatenga masiku 60-65, koma mwapadera kumatha kufikira masiku 120. Kutalika kwa metamorphosis ndi masiku 4. Mapaipi amadya nthambi, diatoms ndi algae ena, mbewu zapamwamba, detritus komanso ochepa ma invertebrates am'madzi. Amadyetsa nthawi yonse, koma masango a chakudya amapezeka masana. Munthawi ya metamorphosis, zakudya zimayima kwakanthawi kochepa ndikuyambiranso kumapeto kwazizira. Posachedwa ana achichepere amadyera nkhupakupa, nsapato ndi zina zazing'ono arthropod.