Moni nonse! Kodi nsomba zosasamala kwambiri za m'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi ma 20 kapena 50 malita a madzi ndi ziti? Tsopano timalangiza. Msanja wokongola wokhala ndi nsomba zokongola ndiolandilidwa komanso wokongola mkati mwa nyumba. Kuphatikiza pa cholinga chokongoletsera, aquarium imabweretsa mpumulo wowonjezereka m'mlengalenga ndikukulolani kuti mupumule bwino.
Koma chilichonse chili ndi mbali ziwiri zandalama ndipo aquarium sichili chimodzimodzi. Nthawi zambiri nyumba yosanja, makamaka malo osungirako zinyama, imavomereza makolo kukakamira kwa ana awo. Kwa kanthawi, mwana amatengeka kwathunthu ndi anthu okhala m'madzi, koma pamapeto, nthawi zambiri, kuwasamalira kumagwera pamapewa a anthu akuluakulu.
Ndipo mwa akulu, makamaka makolo, nthawi imakonzedwa m'mphindi.
Msodzi wosanyengerera kwambiri wam'madzi
Njira yoyenera yotumizira ndi nsomba zosasamala za m'madzi, zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chochepa komanso nthawi yomweyo zimakondweretsa maso osachepera abale awo "okhazikika". Kwa oyamba oyenda pansi pamadzi, mitundu ingapo ya nsomba ndi yoyenera, yopanda madzi, malo, chakudya ndi oyandikana nawo.
Aliyense amadziwa zokongola guppies lalanje malupanga wokongola zebrafish komanso osiyanasiyana barb (pafupifupi mitundu 200!) - Uwu ndi mndandanda wocheperako wa ziweto zomwe zingakusangalatseni tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kukongola kwawo popanda ndalama zapadera zowasamalira.
Danio rerio m'madzimo
Uthenga miss_xxi »Mar 01, 2012 11:16 PM
Nawo nthumwi zina za padziko lapansi zomwe ndimakonda.
Ufumu: Zinyama
Mtundu: Makina
Kalasi: Bone nsomba
Dongosolo: Carp
Banja: Carp
Ndodo: Danio
Onani: Danio Rerio
Dzina lachi Latin
Danio rerio
(Hamilton, 1822)
Danio rerio ndi wa nsomba zowaza, akhale ndi mitundu ingapo. Nsombazo ndizamtendere, zamasukulu, zoyenda kwambiri, zodumphadumpha, ngati madzi owala, owoneka ndi mpweya, ali ndi mwayi wokhala m'madzi apamwamba. Danio rerio nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka 2 mpaka 5. Popeza zikuyenda mosasunthika, zimapanga mphamvu zomwe zimapangitsa dziko lapansi kukhala lamadzi. Itha kusungidwa pamalo osungira anthu ambiri, otsekedwa pamwambapa, momwe, pamodzi ndi mbewu, pazikhala malo okwanira osambira. Wamkazi Danio rerio ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi wamwamuna yekha akadzakula - wamkazi amakhala ndi mimba yozungulira, wamwamuna ndi wamaso kwambiri, wowonda. Pali awiriawiri a tinyanga. Kuwongolera kuti mukhale bwino mu nsomba zamtundu uliwonse, Danio rerio amakhala ndi moyo wautali ndipo samadwala. Danio rerio amachepetsa nsomba zankhanza. Amakonda madzi osayenda komanso oyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Habitat - nsomba zam'mphepete mwa gombe la malo oyimilira komanso oyenda pang'onopang'ono ku Southeast Asia, nthawi zambiri zimayandama pakati pa zomera za zomera zam'madzi ndi udzu wam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Apa amafufuza nyama - yaying'ono yaying'ono. Apa, nsomba zimamera, zikumwaza mazira m'nkhalango zowirira zam'mphepete mwa mbewu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Danio ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino zam'madzi. Nsomba ndizosenda kwambiri komanso zosasamala. Amakhala ngakhale m'midzi yaying'ono kwambiri yam'madzi. Danio rerio amakhala makamaka mkati ndi kumtunda kwamadzi. Pakakhala mantha, amatha kudumphira m'madzi, chifukwa chake aquarium ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro cholimba. Danio amasungidwa pagulu la nsomba 8-10.
Mawonekedwe: Amuna amakonda kusewera ndi kuthamangitsana wina ndi mnzake. Kuwona mayendedwe othamanga komanso okongola a zebrafish ndikusangalatsa kwa okonda madzi am'madzi. Danio rerio adakhala ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Thupi lopyapyala la nsomba limafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 5. M'makona amkamwa mumakhala tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayang'ana pansi. Mikwingwirima yayitali yokhala ndi mitundu iwiri - udzu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira wachikasu ndi wakuda buluu, kusinthana, umadutsa thupi lonse la nsomba, kuyambira pazitseko za gill, zimadutsa kumapazi a caudal ndi anal. Mikwingwiroyi ndi yotakata pakatikati pa thupi (makamaka mwa akazi) ndipo imasenda kwambiri kumutu ndi mchira. Mabafa otsalawo ndi oyera ngati chikaso, ndipo kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa dorsal kumapeto kwake kumakhala kolowera. Yaikazi imasiyana ndi yaimuna pamimba yonse.
Njira Zolerera
ndi zipsembe zophimba,
Kubereka: Kukula kumachitika pa miyezi 3-6. Kupeza kuchokera ku zebrafish ndikosavuta kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ndikofunikira, choyambirira, kubzala amuna ndi akazi kwa masiku angapo, ndikuziyika m'mizinda (makamaka yayitali - 10 malita) ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 20 ° C, kudyetsa mokulira ndi maewu wamagazi kapena daphnias ofiira. Kufunitsitsa kwa mkazi kutuluka kumatsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba. Mwa akazi omwe amakhala ndi caviar wakucha, amatha kuthinitsidwa osati kunja, komanso mbali yakumbuyo yoyandikana ndi anal fin. Monga malo owonekera, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono ndi galasi pansi (ma aquariums a 3-12 malita kapena mitsuko yagalasi). Okonda ambiri samayika pansi, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti kuzikhala kovuta kuwona kufalikira ndi mazira. M'matumba okhala ndi lathyathyathya pansi, onse amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mincemeat osambitsidwa bwino kapena fontinalis, yoyenera kuphwanyidwa ndi miyala. M mitsuko yokhala ndi concave pansi, moss amaiyika mphete m'mphepete lakunja pansi ndipo imakanikizidwa ndi miyala. Dera lozungulirali limadzaza madzi kuchokera kumadzi oyera, kudutsa mu siphon ndipo potero amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino kapena madzi atsopano. Mphepo yamadzi pamalo otsetsereka iyenera kukhala mkati mwa masentimita 5-8, kotero kuti pamatha malo aulere 3-4 masentimita pamwamba pa moss. "" Chisa "cha opanga (amuna awiri kapena atatu ndi mkazi m'modzi) chimabzalidwa, bwino madzulo, m'malo osanja omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mawindo kapena pa icho. Kutentha kwa madzi kulibe kanthu, zebrafish imatulukira zonse ku 17 ndi 25 ° C. Usiku, nsomba zimazolowera m'chipinda chatsopanocho, ndipo m'mawa wotsatira, pomwe malo owala atakhazikika bwino ndipo mbewuzo nkuyamba kutulutsa mpweya, kutulutsa kumayamba. Sizokayikitsa kuti kusuntha kwamphamvu kwambiri kumatha kuwonedwa m'madzi kuposa kayendedwe ka zebrafish. Kutembenuza mphezi mwachangu, nsombayo imathamangira mozungulira, ndipo amphongo amathamangitsa wamkazi amayesera kumugunda pamimba. Posakhalitsa, mmodzi mwa akazi agundidwa ndi amuna, omwe, ndi milonda yakuthwa pamimba, amatulutsira mazira kuchokera kwa iye, kumasula mkaka. Matagi amatsatirana motsatizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa zosaposa mphindi zisanu. Kusintha konseku kumatha osaposa ola limodzi. Kuchuluka kwa mazira owerengeka kumatengera kukula ndi kukonzekera kwa chikazi (mazira 50-400). Kutulutsa kungapezeke osati kuchokera ku chisa, komanso kuchokera ku zebrafish, komabe, pankhaniyi, mazira ophatikiza ndi ochepa. M'matumba akuluakulu, zisa zingapo zingabzalidwe kuti zitheke. Mapeto a malembawo, opanga ayenera kuchotsedwa polekanitsa amuna ndi akazi. Cholembedwacho chimayenera kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa sabata ndi theka, apo ayi mazira adzaphukira, mwachangu sangathe kugwira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zina wamkazi amakana kuponyera konse. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kuperekera malita 5 mpaka 6 motsatana. Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezo zikafika pang'onopang'ono, zimaboweka m'mimba ndipo sizimayamwa anyamata. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zogonana zake sizabwino kapena zapsa. M'magawo onse awiriwa, opanga azikhala m'malo obzala kwa masiku awiri, azidyetsa tsiku lachiwiri ndi chimfine. Kutulutsa sikumatsatira, ndipo m'mimba mwa mkazi mulibe kukula kwambiri, uyenera kubzala ndi kudyetsedwa bwino masiku angapo. Mzimayi wathunthu amene anakana kuponyera amayenera kugwidwa ndikuwaza kuchokera pansi ndikukulungidwa ndi thonje lonyowa pakati pa chala chachikulu ndi chala chakumanja chakumanzere ndikumata caviar kuchokera pamenepo ndikusindikiza mosamala kwa chala chakumanja chakumanja. Ngati opaleshoniyo ikuchitika mosamala, yaikazi imasonkhanitsa mazira ndipo pakatha masiku 4-5 itabzalidwe kuti ipangike. Izi zimachitika kuti ikatuluka kuti ikangobaluka, yaimuna imasambira mothamanga m'sitimayo, ndipo yamphongo siyayamba kubala. Mukasunga chisa pamalo otetezedwa kwa masiku awiri, opangawo atha kukhala pansi, atakweza pang'ono kutentha kwa amunawo, adyetseni kwambiri mpaka atayamba kuthamangitsa wina ndi mnzake. Amateurs nthawi zambiri amadandaula kuti zebrafish simataya kapena caviar yoyipa. Zolephera izi nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa ndi nsomba zam'mimba zomwe zidalipo kale. Asanatulutse, opangawo amawasunga mu kutentha kwambiri ndikudya kwambiri, mazira achikazi amatha, ndipo "amakula", akukana kuponyera. Kuti tipewe izi, tikupangira kuti zebrafish yopangira ma tag isungidwe nthawi yozizira kutentha kwa 17-19 ° C, ndikupereka chakudya chochepa. Kutalika kwa mazira kumatengera kutentha. Pa 26-27 ° C, kuwaza kuwola pambuyo pa maola 30-36; pa 16 ° C, kukulitsa kumatenga sabata limodzi. Fryasi yomwe imasungidwa m'mazira imakhala masiku angapo, ikalumikizidwa ndi mbewu kapena magalasi, ndiye imayamba kusambira. M'masiku oyambirawa amadyetsedwa ndi ma ciliates kapena "fumbi", ndiye, pamene akukula, amasinthana ndi chakudya chokulirapo, ndipo zinyalala zonse zimasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda chambiri. Kutentha kwa 26 - 27 ° C, kuwomba ndi kudyetsa ambiri, achinyamata amakhala okhwima mwakugonana m'miyezi 2,5 - 3. Kutentha kochepa, chitukuko chimachepera.
Imawoneka ngati kusintha kwamtundu umodzi wamiyambo ya Danio. Nsomba za carp. Leopard Danio rerio ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zosavuta kwambiri zosungika m'madzi. Thupi lokwera mpaka 5cm. Pali awiriawiri a tinyanga. Amakhala m'madzi a India. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Danio rerio yokhala ndi zipse. Kumbuyo ndi kobiriwira kwakuda (mtundu wa azitona), mbali ndi m'mimba zimanyezimira ndi golide. Madontho akuda thupi lonse. Malowo ali ngakhale pa ziphuphu zovomerezeka ndi ziphuphu za Danio. Chakudyacho ndi chamoyo ndi choma. Asanathenso kutuluka, amuna ndi akazi a Leopard Danio rerio amasungidwa padera kwa masiku 7-10 ndikuwadyetsa chakudya chabwino. Banja limatha kudabwitsidwa, koma amuna awiri ndi wamkazi amodzi kapena gulu la nsomba lokhala ndi abambo amakhala abwinoko. Chizindikiro cha kukonzekera kwa amuna kubzala: kuyaluka, kumenyana pakati pawo, kuthamangitsa. Mwa akazi, m'mimba mumawonekera nthawi imeneyi. Kutula masamba kuchokera ku malita 10 pa nsomba iliyonse ndi gawo logawanikana ndi mbewu zazing'ono. Madziwo ndiwatsopano, ndi magawo omwewo monga momwe ziliri, mulingo wake ndi 8-10 cm.
Kudzikuza kwakukulu kwa ma danos rerio sikunapewe chidwi cha akatswiri asayansi. Nsombazo zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "akalulu oyesera" ndipo zidawukhira zambirimbiri pazifukwa zasayansi. Pakadali pano, ndizovuta kutchula gawo lililonse la biology momwe zebrafish kapena zebra sikanagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsanzo m'maphunziro (Zebrafish, kapena Zebra danio ndilo dzina lodziwika bwino la zebrafish rerio komanso ku aquarium English mabuku).
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa zolemba za sayansi zokhudzana munjira zosiyanasiyana kuzaphunziro zomwe zidapangidwa pa zebrafish ndizoposa zikwi khumi! Zebrafish yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza kwa embryology. Ndi chitukuko cha ubadwidwe wa majini, maphunziro awa abala zipatso kwambiri, ndipo titha kunena, okongola. Choyamba, majini okhala ndi mapuloteni obiriwira komanso ofiira obiriwira amalekanitsidwa ndi ma jellyfish am'madzi komanso ma anemones, kenako asayansi adaphunzira kuphatikiza majiniwo mu genome ya nsomba mwanjira yoti kuphatikiza kwa mapuloteni a fluorescent kunayamba chimodzimodzi pomwe ena atayamba kupanga mukulira kwa mazira a zebrafish magulu amisempha. Kapangidwe ka minofu ya m'mimba kwayamba kuwona ma penti pansi pa ma microscope. Kutha kwa mapuloteni kuwalira pansi pa kuwala kofewa kwa ultraviolet kunapangitsa kuti kuzitha kuzindikirazo, ndipo, motero, minofu yomwe adapangidwa, kumayambiriro kwambiri kwa chitukuko.
Zinapezeka kuti mu minofu ya nsomba, mapuloteni amadzimadzi amenewa amapangidwa m'moyo wonse. Amadziunjikira zochuluka kwambiri mwakuti amayamba kuwoneka ndi maliseche. Nsombazo amapaka utoto wa protein ya fluorescent, yomwe imapangika ndipo chifukwa, ikamakula, imayamba kukhala yowala! Kukula, mbidzi zosinthidwa mwampangidwe zimasanduka zoyera kapena zobiriwira. Mbidzi zosinthidwa ma genet zoterezi zimatha kutumiza mosiyanasiyana majini omwe amapanga mapuloteni ofiira komanso obiriwira kwa ana awo. “Nsomba za mtundu wina” zomwe zimasiyana ndi zebrafish wamba wamba. Munjira zina zonse, adakhalabe achimwemwe komanso odzimana danyushki.
Ndipo pomwe amalonda a nsomba aku aquarium adawonetsa chidwi. Popeza adagwirizana ndi asayansi omwe adapanga nsomba zamtundu wa transgenic, adakhala ndi ufulu wochita malonda a zebrafish ndipo adayamba kuwakhazikitsa m'misika ya zoo ku America (kampani ya Yorktown Technologies LP) ndi Asia (Taiwan Taikong). Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, ndipo zinali mu 2003, zikhumbo zachiwawa zinayamba kuwira mozungulira nsombazi. Mabungwe azachilengedwe a anthu amawona kuti ndiwopseza kwambiri chilengedwe chonse padziko lapansi komanso makamaka ma biotopes. Zomwe epithets sizinaperekedwe kwa asodzi osauka muma media. "Ukadaulo wamtundu wa Frankenstein" - izi ndizopweteketsa. Ogwira ntchito yoteteza zachilengedwe adafunsa kuti: "Kodi mukuganiza kuti chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati msodzi wina wanyansi wosasinthika atamasula zebraf mu malo osungirako zachilengedwe!? Amaberekana kumeneko ndikupanga majini achilendo kwathunthu kuzinthu zachilengedwe! Izi sizingatheke!"
Poyamba, izi zinkamveka zotsimikizika ndipo chizunzo chidayigwera. Mayiko a European Economic Community aletsa kuti nsomba izi zizitenga okha, ndipo zaletsedwa mpaka pano. Chifukwa chake asayansi akumadzulo a ku Europe sakupatsidwanso mwayi wokondera zebrafish wofiira komanso wobiriwira. Ngakhale ku Europe nyengo siyabwino kwa zebrafish mwachilengedwe ndipo azungu sankaopa chilichonse. Mayiko angapo ku US sanalole kubereketsa ndi kugulitsa nsomba zam'madzi zokhala m'malo awo, ngakhale kuti kum'mwera kwawoko zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zokhala zakale sizinakhazikike.
Otsatsa a zebrafish a transgenic, kuti atsimikizire anthu, adalumbira kuti adzagulitsa nsomba zokhazokha. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti iwonso anali ndi chidwi chofuna kukwaniritsa lonjezoli, chifukwa zinali zosavuta monga kupanga danios rerio, ndipo akatswiri am'madzi am'madzi, ngati atakhala ndi mwayi wotere, akadazindikira, ndiye kuti wina sangadalire phindu la wolamulira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Russia idasiyanitsidwa ndi mikangano ndi zokambirana zonsezi. Transgenic zebrafish idaperekedwa kwa ife popanda zovuta, ndipo tsopano zitha kugulidwa mosavuta ku malo ogulitsa ziweto mdziko lonse. Kodi amachokera kuti ngati nsomba zonse zoperekedwa ndi oitanitsa zimayenera kukhala zosauka komanso kuchuluka kwake?
Zowonadi ndi zakuti ngakhale makampani omwe amagawa zodutsa za transgenic zebrafish amayesetsa kuyesa kuti chisa chitha, iwo, monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri pogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, sangakwaniritse zotsatira zana limodzi. Nsomba ndizopanda 99%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nsomba imodzi yokha mwa 100 imasungabe ana, ndipo akatswiri am'madzi akadali ndi mwayi wochepa wobereketsa nsomba. Ndipo zidachitika. Mbidzi yosinthika mwampangidwe wabwinobwino wapezeka ndi kuudula. Kuchulukanso kwinanso kwa nsomba zamzinthu zowonjezera sikunabweretse mavuto.
Mitundu ya nsomba yomwe imatha kupanga mapuloteni ofiira am'madzi mu minyewa yawo imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri.Izi zimatengera khungu lawo, lomwe limatchinga pang'ono ndi kuwala kwa nsomba kapena kutulutsidwa ndi matenthedwe nthawi ya kuwala. Pakadali pano pali mitundu yambiri ya zebrafish wamba, yopanda maziko, mizere yotchedwa maziko (mzere wakumbuyo). Mizere iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga transgenic zebrafish yazithunzi zingapo zamitundu. Potere, njira zogwirira ntchito yakale yakagwiritsidwe ntchito, osati kupanga ma genetic (majini omwe amayambitsa kuphatikiza kwa mapuloteni achikuda amawonekera kuti ndiopambana ndipo cholowa chawo chimachitika molingana ndi malamulo apakale a Mendel). Mwachitsanzo, pali nsomba za alubino, zomwe sizimatha kupanga matupi akuda - melanin - m'matupi awo. Khungu lawo limakhala lopepuka komanso lowonekera, kotero ngati mtundu wawo uli ndi jini yomwe imayambitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa mapuloteni ofiira a redorescent, ndiye kuti utoto wofiirira wofiyira minofu umawonekera kwambiri kwa iwo. Ndipo nsomba izi zimawoneka zowala kwambiri momwe zingathere. Koma nsomba, zomwe khungu lake limayandikira mtundu wamtchire, zimakhala zakuda kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu za melanin zimawonetsa mtundu wa minofu.
Khalidwe la danyushki losinthidwa limakhala lopanda tanthauzo ngati la makolo awo. Amayenda mozama kumtunda wamadzi, komwe amakonda kukhala mumtsinje kuchokera pampu. Nsomba zimasunga mtendere wa makolo awo, zomwe zimawalola kuti azisungidwa limodzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zowoneka bwino za aquarium. Mu malo anga okhala, zebrafish zosinthika zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma irises okongola kwambiri, popondettas (Pseudomugil furcatus), ndi zebrafish ina - zebrafish yamoto (Danio choprae). Pamodzi, amapanga kampani yosangalatsa komanso yopanda utoto, kubwezeretsanso zigawo za kumtunda ndi zapakati zamadzi mu aquarium. Amapita pansi kawirikawiri, momveka bwino amakonda kudya kuchokera pamadzi.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuti mtundu wa nsomba umadalira momwe kuwala kumawalira. Nsomba izi zimawoneka zowala pokhapokha ngati ziwonekera kutsogolo ndipo tiziwona pakuwala. Mowala, imakhala yotumbululuka, ndipo ngati kuwala kwawagwera kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana, nsombayo imawala. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wachilengedwe, titero kunena kwake, umagawa thupi la chinsombacho, umuphwanya mzidutswa tating'ono, wofanana ndi chilengedwe komanso chowala pamtunda. Mtundu wotere unapangidwa pakusintha kwa zolinga zakumaso: imagwira ntchito ya masking nsomba kuchokera kwa zilombo.
Nsomba za Transgenic nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala. Ziwonekera bwino kuchokera pansi motsutsana ndi thambo lamtambo ndi masamba. Mwakutero, nyama zambiri zodya nyama zam'madzi zimawombera pansi kuchokera pansi. Koma zikuwoneka bwino kuchokera kumwamba ndipo sizivuta kugwidwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Ndi kuchepa kwa mulingo wa kuwunikira, nsomba zamtundu wamtundu zimatembenuka ndikuyamba kukhala zosawoneka ndi maso, ndipo mawonekedwe a fluorescent amtundu wawo amapereka nsomba zamtunduwu ndi mitu yawo. Kuphatikiza apo, utoto wonyezimira wamtundu wa lalanje umapangitsa kuti adaniwo azidyetsa komanso samakwiyitsa kwambiri, koma nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. M'mawu, transgenic zebrafish sakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chilengedwe - simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi izi. Dziwani kuti mutadya nsomba yopatsirana, zimayigaya mosavuta, ngati nyama iliyonse. Mapuloteni a Fluorescent siopweteka ndipo amagayidwa kwathunthu ndi michere ya m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku zebrafish yosinthidwa mwanjira yosungira zachilengedwe posachedwa sipadzakhala kufunafuna.
Ngakhale mu aquarium, kampani yopanga ma dunushes iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala. Amakhala mosavuta ndi nsomba zokhala ndi labyrinth monga anyani ndi anyani, ndi nsomba zambiri zokhala ndi moyo, koma ma cichlids, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, amayesera kuzigwira. Zachidziwikire, zebrafish zosinthidwa zidzatha kukhala ndi nsomba zina za zebrafish ndi zokhudzana nazo. Makamaka ngati mumabzala nsomba ana pamodzi. Pakadali pano, mafashoni a zebrafish abwerera mwachangu. Mokulira izi zidathandizidwa ndikuwoneka ngati nsomba zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso kuwonjezeka kwa makampani omwe amalowetsa kunja omwe amapereka mitundu yatsopano yambiri. Ngati m'mbuyomu m'munda wathu wam'madzi mitundu itatu yokha ya zebrafish ikanapezeka: mitundu ya zebrafish (yamizere ndi "leopard", yomwe imadziwika kuti "Brachydanio frankei"), malabar zebrafish (Devario aequipinnatus), pearl zebrafish (Danio albolineatus), tsopano zosavuta ndizosavuta Itha kuchulukitsidwa kangapo. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yonse yatsopano ya zebrafish imangokhala yocheperako kuzomwe zimakhala mu aquarium. M'malo mwake, pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chili choyenera cha zebrafish chizikhala nawo. Pokhapokha ngati aquarium ya mitundu yayikulu isakhale yocheperako (mitundu ya mtundu wa Devario imafunikira malita osachepera 50), ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kusungidwa pamalo osachepera 20 ° С.
Ndipo pomaliza nkhani yokhudza zebrafish, tibwererenso ku nsomba zosinthidwa. Mapuloteni owala bwino omwe amapangira minofu yawo amatchedwa fluorescent chifukwa amayamba kunyezimira ndikakunyezimira ndi kuwala kwamtambo komanso kuwala kwa ultraviolet, koma iwowo sangathe kuwunika mumdima wathunthu.
Pakadali pano, maunikidwe apadera awonekera pa malonda, omwe, popanga mphamvu yakuwala kwamadzulo, amachititsa kuwala kwa nsomba za transgenic ndi zodzikongoletsera zambiri zopangidwanso zowoneka bwino. Ku Taiwan, China, ndi Southeast Asia, kupanga mapangidwe am'madzi omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri posachedwa kucha akhala apamwamba. Mochulukirapo, mutha kupeza mapangidwe oterewa amadziwe amkati nafe. Malingaliro okhudza kufunika kokongola kwa malo am'madzi oterewa ndi osiyana kwambiri: kuchokera pakukonda mpaka kukana kwathunthu. Ma aquariamu achi Dutch kapena ma "aquicum" achilengedwe, opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a Takashi Amano, amachititsa malingaliro osagwirizana kwambiri. Komabe, malingaliro pazazinthu zodziwika zokha za nsomba ndiwosasiyana. Ndipo, komabe, adakulitsa kwambiri lingaliro lathu la momwe angapangire aquarium. Koma kuti udziweruzire wekha wabwino kapena woipa.
Danio Malabar, Danio Devario
Danio devario ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Amangoyendayenda. Palinso nsomba zam'madzi zamtendere komanso zam'maphunziro zomwe zimakonda kusambira kulikonse, ndiye kuti, m'munsi, pakati komanso pamwamba pamadzi.
Monga oyandikana nawo, ndibwino kuti asankhe nsomba zofanana, pomwe nsomba zam'madzi zopanda nsomba. Muyenera kusunga zebrafish mu aquarium yotsekedwa, kutalika kwake ndi 80 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 40-50 cm.
Dothi lakuda liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa malo ogwirira ntchito, ndipo mitengo yotsetsereka ndi aquarium yokhala ndi masamba yaying'ono iyenera kuyikidwamo, ndipo ibzalidwa m'mphepete mwa khoma lam'mbali ndi kumbuyo kwake. Aquarium iyenera kuyatsidwa bwino mokwanira, pomwe kuyatsa kuyenera kuyatsidwa. Ndikofunikanso kupereka kusefera, kuthandizira komanso kusintha kwa madzi mpaka 20% ya buku kamodzi pa sabata.
Banja: | Cyprinids |
Lembani: (Dzina lachi Latin) | Danio aequipinnatus |
Kutalika: | mpaka 10 cm |
Utali wamoyo: | mpaka zaka 3-5 |
madzi pH: | 6-7.5 |
Kutentha kwamadzi: | 21-25 C |
Habitat
Ambiri a zebrafish amakhala m'malo osungirako mchere pang'ono ndi pang'ono mchere m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Western India ndi Pakistan. Ochepa ochepa akhala nthawi yayitali m'malo osungirako a Bhutan, Bangladesh ndi Nepal. Malinga ndi kuteteza kwa mtundu wa "hosiery" sizovuta kudziwa kuti m'chilengedwe amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja momwe madzi amayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Danio nyalugwe
Amtchire amtendere komanso osunthika a mbidzi amasonkhana pagulu, monga madzi oyera ndi kuwala, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, koma amakhala m'madzi onse. Gulu la nsomba (osachepera 6 anthu) limamverera bwino mu malo wamba am'madzi, kutalika kwake kupitilira 60 cm ndikuyenera kutsekedwa kuchokera pamwamba.
Mu aquarium, pali nkhokwe za zomera za m'madzi (zobzalidwa pansi ndi kuyandama), mitengo yoyenderera, miyala, koma ndikofunikira kuti pakhale omasuka kusambira, malo owala bwino. Ndikofunikira kusintha gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu amadzi mu aquarium kamodzi pa sabata, kusefa ndikofunikira. Chakudya: Muzikhala ndi zakudya zamasamba.
Banja: | Cyprinids |
Lembani: (Dzina lachi Latin) | Brachydanio frankei |
Kutalika: | mpaka 5 cm |
Utali wamoyo: | mpaka zaka 3-4 |
madzi pH: | 6.5-7.5 |
Kutentha kwamadzi: | 18-24 C |
Mitundu ya zebrafish
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, kufotokoza kwa nsomba izi kunapangidwa ndi wasayansi wachilengedwe Francis Hamilton. Mitundu yonse ya zebrafish imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi thupi, koma imasiyana kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mtundu wake (wamizere ndi kambuku). Chifukwa cha kusankhidwa, zebrafish yapinki idawonekera. Mchira wautali wa pectoral komanso mchira wokongola umasiyanitsidwa ndi reilos yophimba.
Danio Blue, Danio Kerra
Danio buluu ndi nsomba yokonda mtendere, yogwira komanso yophunzira kusukulu yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakonda kuyatsa kowala. Ndikofunika kuziwasunga mu paketi ya anthu 6-10. Danio Kerra amakonda kukhala pakati komanso pamtunda wamadzi ambiri. Mwambiri, nsomba zam'madzi zoterezi ndizosachita bwino.
Bzalani bwino malo okhala ndi mitengo yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, ikani zida zokhala ndi miyala ndi mabatani, gwiritsani ntchito miyala kapena miyala ing'onoing'ono ngati dothi. Musaiwale kusiya malo omasuka oti nsomba ikhoza kusambira popanda cholepheretsa, kuwunikira bwino. Tsekani aquarium ndi chivindikiro kuchokera kumwamba, monga zebrafish Kerra ndi nsomba yodumphadumpha.
Banja: | Cyprinids |
Lembani: (Dzina lachi Latin) | BRACHYDANIO KERRI, MLEMA DANIO |
Kutalika: | mpaka 4-5 cm |
Utali wamoyo: | mpaka zaka 3-4 |
madzi pH: | 6.5-7.5 |
Kutentha kwamadzi: | 20-24 C |
Malo ogulitsa ziweto tsopano amagulitsa mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi. Ambiri aiwo amapereka m'masitolo pa intaneti, ngakhale ndi kutumiza kwaulere. Zebrafish yogwira kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa ikufunika pakati pa asitikali am'madzi. Amakhala onyozeka komanso amagwirizana ndi nsomba zina zomwe ndi zokulirapo. Mtengo wa nangumi umodzi wa minke umasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe akepi. Mwachitsanzo, rerio ya pinki imagula ma ruble 65., Leopard - ma ruble 81., GloFish lalanje - ma ruble a 190.
Kutsika pamakhalidwe oyenera kukhala osungidwa ndiye mwayi waukulu wocheperako. Amakhala omasuka m'madzi am'madzi omwe alibe zida zotenthetsera madzi, chifukwa amatha kupulumuka kutentha komwe kumagwa mpaka madigiri 17. Koma musawasunge pamalo owopsa, chifukwa amatha kufa.
Mphamvu ya Aquarium
Kuti anthu okhala munyumba yosungiramo nyanjayi asamve kuwuma komanso kusapeza bwino, malo okhala m'madzi ayenera kukhala ochepa malo. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamadzi am'madzi amati zebrafish imodzi imayenera kuwerengetsa pafupifupi malita 4-5 a kuchuluka kwa thanki. Chifukwa chake, malo ochepera osungiramo nyumba osungidwa kuti asungire sukulu ya zebrafish ya anthu 5 apakatikati iyenera kukhala malita 25-30.
Mbidzi mu aquarium zimawoneka zowoneka bwino kwambiri, pansi pake ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi lakuda. Ikhoza kukhala miyala yaying'ono kapena miyala yam'nyanja yozungulira, mchenga wakuda wophulika. Asanadzaze thankiyo, dothi losankhidwa liyenera kutetezedwa - katemera pamoto kapena chithupsa.
Kuwala
Akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zam'madzi amalimbikitsa kuti mukakonza zokhala ngati zebrafish, kuda nkhawa ndi kuyatsa bwino kwa thankiyo. Masana masana a nsomba izi azikhala osachepera maola 12. Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli poyatsa aquarium mwa kukhazikitsa nyali kapena kuyikapo nyali mu chivindikiro cha thanki.
Magawo amadzi
Kutentha kwamadzi bwino kwambiri kwa nsomba izi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 18-18 °. Sinthani kutentha kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito thermometer ya aquarium. Acidity yamadzi iyenera kusiyanasiyana mkati 8-10 pH, kuuma - 5-18 °. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madzi olimba ndi madzi okhala ndi zochuluka zakuda zakunja siziyenera nsomba izi. Kamodzi masiku angapo ndikofunikira kuchita zatsopano zamadzi mu thanki.
Ambiri omwe amakonda kwambiri nsomba izi ndizodyetsa. Mosiyana ndi amphaka amene amakonda kudya pansi, motile zebrafish amadya pamadzi. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yoyandama ya chakudya kwa iwo. Magazi, ma daphnia, ma cyclops - onse atsopano komanso oundana, ndi abwino kwa nsomba izi. Mukamagula zakudya zamtunduwu, muyenera kulabadira mtundu wa malonda.
Amakonda kudya nsomba izi ndi zakudya zouma. Povomerezeka m'masitolo amakono mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya chouma chopangidwa ndi mapuloteni, mavitamini, carotenoids. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Tetra ndi JBL. Kudyetsa zolengedwa zabwinozi kumalimbikitsidwa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku m'magawo ochepa. Zinyalala zakudya zosafunikira ziyenera kuchotsedwa mu malo am'madzi - kotero madziwo amakhala oyera nthawi yayitali.
Ngakhale kuti zebrafish ndi nsomba zamadzi am'madzi zomwe zimatha kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali, zimafunikirabe mpweya. Kukula kwakukulu, pamafunika nsomba zomwe zimapezeka mgululo m'khola laling'ono. Kuti ziweto zisamavutike ndi kusowa kwa oxygen, mukakhazikitsa aquarium, zidzakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi.
Kuthandizanso kwamadzi ndikofunikanso ngati kutentha kumayandikira malire. Ndi kutentha kowonjezereka, kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umasungunuka m'madzi amachepetsa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza bwino moyo wa anthu okhala m'madzimo. Kukhazikitsa zosefera kumathandizira kuti zinthu zizikhala zoyera komanso zatsopano madzi nthawi yayitali. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa pafupipafupi kukolola, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kupsinjika ndi kusasangala mu nsomba.
Zomera ndi Zokongoletsa
Pangani ma aquarium okongola okhala ndi nsomba zowoneka bwino za zebrafish koposa zozizwitsa kudzalola malo okongola ndi mbewu. Monga zokongoletsera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito driftwood, grottoes ndi m'mapanga, nthambi za mitengo, zipolopolo ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, zadothi ndi galasi. Zinthu izi sizimangopereka malo osungirako nyumbayo kuti iwoneke kwathunthu, komanso zimapereka malo okhala kwa nsomba.
Zikuwoneka kuti zebrafish, imachita mantha ndi china chake (anthu, mawu akulu, kuwala kwa kuwala), imabisala pobisalira kapena pakati pa mbewu. Ngati palibe m'modzi kapena wina mu aquarium, izi zikuchulukitsa kupsinjika kwa onse okhala munyumba yosungirako nyumbayo. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazomera zamadzi zitha kubzalidwa mu thanki ya zebrafish.
Ndi angati akukhala ndipo zimatengera chiyani?
Chiyembekezo cha moyo wa Danio zimatengera mitundu, koma pafupifupi amakhala zaka pafupifupi 3-4. Kuti muwonjezere moyo wa nsomba, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- pezani chakudya chodalirika mosiyanasiyana,
- yang'anirani kuyera ndi magawo a madzi, mudzaze ndi mpweya,
- samalirani kuunikira bwino komanso kukonza madambo
- monga oyandikana nawo amasankha mitundu yokha yamtendere.
Ponseponse, Danio sangasungidwe pamodzi ndi nyama zomwe zimadya, kapena zamtendere, koma nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimatha kumeza oyandikana nawo ang'onoang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira payokha mitundu ingapo:
- Macropod. Imateteza gawo lake mwachangu, kuthamangitsa anthu ang'onoang'ono ndipo imatha kupha nsomba mosavuta, ndikuyikakamiza kuti igunde pa liwiro lalikulu motsutsana ndi makoma a aquarium.
- Cichlids. Mtunduwu umazindikira nsomba zazing'ono, kuphatikiza Danio, ngati chakudya, kotero kuti kuzisunga palimodzi ndizosavomerezeka.
- Goldfish. Mtendere koma waukulu womwe ungameze pang'ono Danios. Ngakhale m'madzi otambalala, kuyandikana ndi golide wam'madzi kumakhala kosatetezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zomwe zimakonda kugwira ntchito zimatha kuvulaza oyandikana nawo, motero njirayi siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti igawe mbali zonse ziwiri.
- Nsomba zam'madzi ozizira. Ndizomveka kuti ali ndi zofunikira zosiyana kutentha kwa madzi, motero ndizosatheka kuziwasunga mu aquarium imodzi.
- Teteradon. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chizolowezi chomenya mtima: chimagunda gulu lozungulira la Danios, ndikupha gawo la nsomba ndikuzidya.
- Cichlids ndi Discus.Amakhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, opanduka komanso ofunitsitsa kupulumuka oyandikana nawo onse ochokera kudera lawo. Makamaka osafunikira ndikumayandikira kwa nyama zomwe zimadya mwachizolowezi, mwachitsanzo, Astronotus.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/3032/danio-rerio-samiy-65A91.jpg)
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kunena za nsomba zam'madzi (monga Antsistrusy kapena Tarakatum). Othandizira madzi am'madzi amawakonda chifukwa chosachita bwino, komanso kuti athe kuyeretsa dothi komanso malo okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma sangathe kuyikidwa mu malo omwe mumakhala ndi Danio.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba za catfish ndizambiri kukula, kotero nsomba zowerengera zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati chakudya chamoyo.
Kuswana ndi kuswana
Pobereketsa zebrafish nsomba nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zovuta. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zokongola izi zimabala ana popanda kukondweretsa kwina. Komabe, nthawi zina, ndizotheka kupanga machitidwe kuti zibereke. Ziyenera kufotokozedwanso kuti zebrafish si nsomba zowononga, ndipo ana awo amakula kuchokera ku caviar.
Kuti mupeze ana kuchokera ku nsomba za zebrafish, muyenera kuponyera amuna angapo omwe ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pamalo owerengeka (mutha kuponya 1 wamkazi ndi amuna awiri). Kusiyanitsa pakati pa anyamata-nsomba kuchokera kwa asungwana-asungwana kumalola kukula kwawo ndi kuwala kowala. Monga lamulo, akazi nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna, ndipo mitundu yawo imakhala yodumphira.
Asanatulutsire, malo owerengera azikhala okonzekera. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa thankiyo, yomwe imagwira ntchito poyang'ana malo, ndikofunikira kuyika dothi kapena kuyala gridi yokhala ndi maselo ang'ono. Zomera zochepa zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi wandiweyani, masamba abwino komanso ofewa ndizoyenera. Kapangidwe ka pansi pankhaniyi ndikofunikira kuti amaphimbira mazira, omwe akuluakulu amatha kudya pambuyo kutulutsa.
Tangi imadzaza pakati ndi madzi, aerator amalumikizidwa nayo ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kumakwezedwa mpaka 24 °. Pambuyo pa izi, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuwonjezera madzi ozizira, osakhazikika mu thanki. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 2021 °. Zinthu ngati izi zimathandizira kukoka kwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mkati mwa masiku 1-3.
Pafupifupi masiku 2-3, mphutsi zazitali zazing'ono zimatuluka kuchokera mazira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti amakula msanga ndikusintha, kenako nkukhala anthu athunthu. Pakati pa kusintha kwa mphutsi kukhala mwachangu (ndipo pambuyo pake, pamene mwachangu amakula), mbidzi zomwe zimapangidwira zimadyetsedwa ndi dzira yolili, ciliates, ndi artemia. Fry ikangokhala pang'ono komanso wamphamvu, imatha kusamutsidwira ku chakudya chomwe anthu achikulire amadya.
Ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kubereka Danio kunyumba. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuphunzira kusiyanitsa zazikazi ndi zazimuna. Mukayang'anitsitsa thupi laling'ono la nsombazo, mutha kuwona kuti anyani amphongo ndi ang'onoang'ono, pomwe m'mimba mwa mkazi ndi lalikulu komanso lowonekera, makamaka akadzaza ndi caviar.
Kuti muwone ngati akazi a Danio ali okonzeka kutuluka, muyenera kuyang'ana pamimba zazimayi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zokulirapo kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi.
Chachikazi komanso rerio
Pazifukwa zowala, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 10, omwe amaikidwa pamalo abwino. Pansi pake azikongoletsedwa ndi mbewu, kuzikakamiza ndi miyala. Kenako, madzi omwe amakhala osungika kwa masiku awiri amathiridwa mu thankiyo, yomwe imayenera kuphimba masambawo pafupifupi masentimita 6. Madzulo, nsomba imatulutsidwa mu aquarium, yomwe imasinthana ndi nyengo zatsopano usiku ndikuyamba kutuluka m'mawa.
Danio caviar amaphatikiza ndi mkaka wamphongo, ndikusiya thupi la mkazi. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kusesa mazira 450. Ntchito yakucha imatenga masiku 2-5, kutengera nyengo yomwe idapangidwa. Mazira omwe amapendekera pansi pamadzi kwa masiku angapo amatha kukhala chakudya cha makolo awo, chifukwa chake, atangotulutsa amuna ndi akazi, ndikofunikira kubzala. Mwachangu Danio Rerio mu sabata yokonzekera kusambira pawokha.
Kodi kudyetsa ndi motani?
Danio ndi nsomba yowoneka bwino yomwe imakonda kudya zakudya zouma komanso zachisanu. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti Zakudyazi zimasiyanasiyana, chifukwa nthawi yayitali kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zouma kumabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Monga maziko, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma flakes nsomba zam'malo otentha. Daphnia, nsabwe zazing'ono zamagazi, brine shrimp ndi mbewu za mbewu zimawonjezeredwa. Pa gawo limodzi la chakudya chatsopano liyenera kukhala magawo 5 a magawo owuma.
Muyenera kudyetsa Danio kawiri pa tsiku: m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo kudya kwamadzulo kuyenera kukonzedwa maola angapo musanazimitse magetsi. Gawolo liyenera kukhala loti nsomba zitha kudya nthawi yomweyo.
Mitundu ina imakonda kudya chakudya choyandama pamadzi, enanso chimagwira m'madzi, koma palibe Danio amene amadya pansi. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuletsa chakudya chambiri, chifukwa mtsogolomo chidzawola, ndipo izi zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamadzi ndi nsomba.
Amakhulupirira kuti Danio amatha masiku atatu mpaka 7 popanda chakudya zakudya zovuta zisanayambe.
Amakonda kudya kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri, kotero kamodzi pamwezi amafunika kukonzekera tsiku losala (osapereka chakudya). Komabe, pakakhala nthawi yotalikirapo, ndibwino kuti musatenge zoopsa, koma kuti mupeze njira zodyetsera nsomba (mwachitsanzo, kudyera nokha).
Kugwirizana ndi ena okhala m'madzi am'madzi
Kukhazikika kwamtendere komanso kwamtendere kwa zebrafish kumawalola kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta pagombe lanyumba ndi oimira osiyanasiyana a aquarium fauna. Iwo ndi anansi abwino kwa nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zapakatikati komanso zopanda nyama. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zotsatirazi ndizoyandikana ndi zebrafish:
- guppies
- molliesia
- minga
- nsomba zazing'ono
- neon
- Pecilia
- gurus
- nsomba za utawaleza.
Zimulani ndi scalaria, yomwe imatha kukhalapo mosasama m'moyo wonse, zimakhala bwino. Chochititsa chidwi chokha ndichoti anthu am'madzi amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yakukhwima ndi chiyembekezo cha ana, angelfish amatha kuchita zankhanza kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chabwinobwino wachibaba kuti ateteze ana awo amtsogolo.
Mabatani oseketsa komanso osagwirizana omwe amayendetsa nsomba zokonda mtendere ponseponse pamadzi, kuluma ndikuwononga zipsepse zawo sizili zoyenera ngati oyandikana ndi zebrafish. Ndiosafunika kusunga mbidzi ndi tinsomba, tating'onoting'ono tomwe nsomba izi ndizosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri odziwa bwino za m'madzi am'madzi amati kukhalapo kwa zebrafish mu thanki yomweyo ya shrimp kumayambitsa nkhawa kwambiri pamapeto pake.
Goldfish, yomwe imaposa zebrafish kukula kwake, komanso imafunikira malo osiyanasiyana omangidwa, sioyenera kukhala oyandikana nawo. Pakachitika mkangano, nsomba ya golide imatha kuvulaza zebraf mwinanso kuipha. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba za golide zimamva bwino m'madzi ozizira, pomwe zebrafish amakonda madzi ofunda.
Ndizoletsedwa kokhala ndi zebrafish ndi oyimilira akuluakulu komanso / kapena oyimira nyama za m'madzimo. Chifukwa chake mitundu yapakati komanso yayikulu ya aquarium catfish, zakuthambo, ma cichlids, ndi discus imayimira ngozi yakufa kwa zolengedwa zamtenderezi. Kamodzi mu tank yomweyo ndi nsomba zamtunduwu, zebrafish ilibe mwayi wopulumuka.
Kuti mumve zambiri pa chisamaliro ndi kukonza zebrafish, onani kanema pansipa.
Zofunikira za Aquarium
Danios amasiyana ndi nsomba zina pamachitidwe awo okhudzidwa komanso chizolowezi chofuna kusuntha, chifukwa chake chidebe chazungulira kapena lalikulu sichikhala choyenera kwa iwo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito aquarium yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri m'litali (mawonekedwe amakona). Nsomba zimakonda kudumphira m'madzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kutseka aquarium ndi kapu yophimba kapena chivindikiro.
Madzi mwina ali gawo lalikulu la nsomba, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji machitidwe ndi thanzi la nsomba. Mwachilengedwe, Danios amakhala m'mitsinje yotentha, koma safuna madzi ofunda kwambiri kapena apadera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyike ndikusunga magawo awa:
- Kutentha - kuyambira 18 ° C mpaka 24 ° C (mwa mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Glofish, madzi ofunda amafunikira),
- acidity - pamtunda wa 7-8 pH,
- kuuma - kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 ° dH.
Madzi amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi: pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu onse amathiridwa sabata iliyonse. Kamodzi pamwezi, kuyeretsa wamba kwa m'madzi kumayenera kuchitika.
Nsomba imodzi imasowa pafupifupi malita 3-4 amadzi. Danio ndi gulu lotetezeka lomwe limakhalapo pokhapokha ngati anthu osachepera 5-6 ali m'gulu limodzi. Chifukwa chake, voliyumu yovomerezeka ya aquarium pagulu lililonse iyenera kukhala malita 20-30.
Pochita, akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito ma aquariamu okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 50 kapena kuposerapo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu ina ya Danio ili ndi kukula kwakakulu kwa thupi (mpaka 10 cm), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunika malo okhala. Zamoyo zina kuti zikhale ndi moyo wabwino zimafunikira kupatsa gulu la anthu 8-10.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Danio imafunikira malo osiyana siyana mu aquarium. Komabe, nayi maupangiri wamba:
- pansi pa aquarium iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi lakuda bii (timiyala tating'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono), imalimbikitsa mtundu wowoneka bwino wa nsomba,
- osayika miyala yayikulu, zinthu zakuthwa pansi, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye zigawo zingapo kapena malo achitetezo,
- pafupi ndi mpanda wa aquarium, myriophyllum, kabomba ndi mbewu zina zokhala ndi tsinde lalitali ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono amabzalidwa.
Mukadzaza nsomba m'madzi, muyenera kulabadira zomwe mitundu inayake imakonda.
Chifukwa chake, wina amakonda kusambira mumtsinje wamadzi, wina, m'malo mwake, akumva bwino pakati pa masamba okhala ndi masamba ambiri.
Ndikovuta kupereka malingaliro apadera pankhaniyi. Mukakongoletsa aquarium ndi dothi ndi mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti muchoke kuchokera ku lingaliro la "tanthauzo la golide" ndikuwonjezera zomwe zili muzowoneka ndi maso, kuti pasakhale zambiri kapena zochuluka.
Kudyetsa
Rerio amakonda kumeza chakudya kuchokera pamadzi. Koma, ngati mapenchi ayamba kumira, amasambira mosangalala pansi pamadzi. Anthu ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chouma, koma timalimbikitsa kuti chakudya chambiri chansomba chiphe:
- kachilombo kakang'ono,
- Artemia
- wopanga chitoliro cha ayisikilimu.
Daphnia wouma uyenera kuyamba kuzunguliridwa ndi zala zanu, chifukwa chomwe zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zimapangidwa, zomwe Rerio amatha kuzimeza popanda mavuto.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Chifukwa chachikhalidwe chake chokonda mtendere, ndizotheka kukhala ndi Danio Rerio omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe sizowopsa:
Sayenera kukhazikika ndi aBarbusisonison komanso ena onga iye (zakuthambo, zolemba zam'madzi za Koi, nsomba zagolide, discus, ma cichlids), popeza mdani uyu amangovulaza zipsepse ndi michira yawo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga Rerio m'magulu, kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 (osachepera anthu asanu). Poterepa, utsogoleri wambiri udzaonedwa pakati pa nsomba, ndipo banja lonse lidzatha kulolera mosavuta zovuta zina.
Kodi ndiyenera kusankha nsomba yoyamba yamadzi anga?
Danio ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zimakonda kwambiri mtendere, choncho muyenera kusankha oyenera omwe angakhale nawo. Nsomba zazikulu zamtendere ndi nyama zodyera mwina zimapondereza gulu laling'ono la Danios, kapena kuzimva ngati chakudya.
Kusakanikirana kwa Optimum kumatheka ngati wasayansi wasankha mitundu yofananira, monga neon, guppies, etc. Ndikofunika kuti mitundu ina ya Danio imadzichitira zinthu ngati chisa kapena nsomba yayikulu, motero, musanakhazikitse oyandikana nawo, muyenera kuphunzira mosamalitsa za mtundu uliwonse wa Danio.
Danio adzakhala chisankho choyenera kwa woyambitsa nkhwawa wa m'madzi, popeza momwe machitidwe awo akukonzera ndi osavuta. Zifukwa zazikuluzikulu zitatu zomwe Danio akhale chisankho chabwino chokhala m'madzi:
- Mwiniwake amangofunika kusamalira kudyetsa koyenera ndikusunga magawo ena a madzi.
- Mwa zina, Danio samadwala, kubereka mosavuta komanso kukhala ndi mtendere, zomwe zimathetsa zovuta zambiri. Mitundu ina, komabe, imapereka zofuna zawo, komabe, kuzikwaniritsa sikulinso kovuta.
- Osakhala okwera mtengo, ngakhale ngati china chake sichikwaniritsidwa ndipo nsomba ikafa pazifukwa zosadziwika, zomwe sizachilendo kwa oyamba am'madzi, mutha kugula ndikuyesanso.
Chifukwa cha zabwinozi, yankho lake nlodziwikiratu - nzofunika, nsomba ndizisankho labwino kwambiri ku aquarium, makamaka monga ziweto zoyambirira.
Kufalikira kunyumba
Danios amaswana mosavuta komanso mwakufuna kwawo. Kudyetsa mokwanira ndi chakudya chamoyo kumakhala chizindikiro cha kubereka. Nthawi zina, wam'madzi samazindikira kuti nsombazo zakonzeka kutuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, matabwidwe amatha kukhalanso osazindikira, popeza njirayi imachitika m'mawa kwambiri, ndipo anthu akuluakulu nthawi yomweyo amadya mazira.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kubereka Danio, ndiye kuti "makolo" akuyenera kukhala m'ndende ina yosanja.
Pansi pa dothi loyang'aniralo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ukonde wapadera, womwe umateteza mazira kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi njala, apo ayi amangoidya.
Pakakhala nyengo yabwino, mphutsi zimaswa kumazira masiku angapo pambuyo pofalikira. Choyamba, amakhala osasunthika pamtunda pomwe caviar inagunda.
Monga lamulo, mitundu yapadera yopangidwira mwachangu imakhala chakudya. Amakhala ndi plankton, crustaceans yaying'ono ndi ma ciliates osiyanasiyana. Fry itakula mpaka 15 mm, imayenera kuzolowedwa pang'onopang'ono kudyetsa pafupipafupi.
Matenda
Matenda ofala kwambiri a Danio Rerio ndi awa:
- Chifuwa chachikulu. Matendawa amayambitsidwa limodzi ndi dothi, zomera ndi nsomba zodwala. Onetsetsani matenda ndi zizindikiro: ulesi, kusowa kudya, kutaya milingo. Itha kuchiritsidwa ndi Kanimycin pokhapokha koyambirira.
- Alkalosis. Matendawa amatuluka ndikusunga nsomba mu malo am'madzi momwe mulibe madzi osakwanira am asidi. Rerio amayamba kuchita zinthu mosaganizira, ndikudumpha m'madzi. Mtundu ukhoza kuzimiririka, nsomba zimayamba kupukutira kukhoma kapena miyala.
- Nsidze. Cholinga chake ndi kusakhuta kwamadzi.
- Kunenepa kwambiri. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso.
- Kukula pa thupi. Nsomba zodwala ziyenera kusamutsidwira kumalo ena osiyanako, komwe kutentha kwa madzi kumakhalabe madigiri 28. Pofuna kuthana ndi zophuka, amasambitsanso mchere.
- Trichondiosis Zimaputa chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana a ciliates-trichodin. Nsombayo imayamba kupaka m'makoma a aquarium, utoto wonyansa ukuonekera m'thupi, utoto umasintha, umayamba kuyendayenda.
Kodi umasiyana bwanji ndi mitundu ina?
Danio adziyambitsa yekha ngati imodzi mwa nsomba zamtendere kwambiri, koma eni ake nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zomwe zimatsutsana: anthu nthawi zonse amathamangitsa kapena kupondereza wina ndi mnzake.
Izi zitha kukhala zabwinobwino, chifukwa Danio ndiwochenjera kwambiri komanso wachilengedwe. Nsomba zimathamangitsa wina ndi mnzake popanda kuchita chipongwe - iyi ndi njira yawo, ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti kwa eni zambiri osadziwa kuti mkangano ukuchitika mu aquarium.
Mikangano imatha kuchitika, popeza Danio amayenera kusungidwa pagulu, momwe kukula kwake kuli anthu asanu. Amuna ena okhala ndi zoterezi amakhalanso olimba mtima ndipo amayamba kuukira nsomba zina.
Khalidwe lachimuna lotsogola lingayambenso chifukwa cha mimba ya Danio, monga Nthawi imeneyi, amathamangitsa achikazi, choncho muyenera kusamala ndikuyang'anira "malo" achikazi omwe ali mu aquarium.
Ngati pali nkhanza zochokera kwa anthu ena, ndiye kuti kukula kwa gululo kuyenera kukulitsidwa. Chisamaliro cha wonamiziracho chimafalikira kuposa nsomba zonse, ndipo pamapeto pake zimasiya kuvutitsa.
Zinanenedwapo kale kuti Glofish ndi mtundu wa Danio Rerio. Asayansi anayesa kusintha khungu, koma kuyambitsidwa kwa jini la fluorescence mwanjira inayake kunakhudza thupi lonse la nsomba.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwongola kwapadera, mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe angapo:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khungu.
- mikwingulo yasiliva (mu Danios wina, monga lamulo, mikwingwirima ya buluu kapena golide),
- thupi lokwera (mpaka 5 cm, mwa mitundu ina - mpaka 3 cm),
- kufunika kwa madzi ofunda (pafupifupi 27-29 ° C).
Otsala a Glofish ndi nsomba zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa ngati Mitundu ina ya Danio, yomwe ndi yosasangalatsa kwa mndende.
Pomaliza
Danio - masukulu ang'onoang'ono abusa omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Monga oyandikana nawo, mitundu yokhala ndi mikhalidwe yofananira, mwachitsanzo, Guppies kapena Neons, ndioyenera kwambiri. Nsomba zazikulu zamtendere zimatha kuzindikira kuti Danio ndiye chakudya, ndipo nyama zodyera zimayamba kusaka osaka, motero nyama zotere sizoyenera kukhalira limodzi.
Ubwino waukulu wa Rerio ndi kuthekera kwake kukhala mumikhalidwe iri yonse. Amamva bwino m'madzi am'madzi momwe samatenthetsera madzi osayikiramo, popeza amatha kupulumuka kutentha kukugwa madigiri 18. Koma, ngakhale ali ndi chidwi chotani, anthu sayenera kumusunga Danio Rerio, chifukwa nsomba zimatha kudwala ndikufa.
Lemekezani
Danio Glofish - chiweto choyambirira chosinthika pamtundu, chomwe chinali mtundu wa Danio Rério. Asayansi anayesera kuti khungu liziwala, komwe anakwanitsa. Kuphatikiza pa thupi lachilendo, lowala bwino, Opepuka ali ndi zinthu izi:
- kukulitsa thupi (kufikira mpaka 5 cm, mwa Danios ambiri - mpaka 3-4),
- amakonda madzi ofunda (pafupifupi 27-29 ° С).
Mwanjira ina, Glofish ndiwodzichepetsa kuti usamalire monga mtundu wamba wa Danio.
Zosangalatsa Zosiyanasiyana
Glowworm
Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umasokonezedwa ndi Glofish, koma "kuwala kwake" kumachitika chifukwa cha khungu lachilengedwe. Mwiniwake amene akufuna kupeza nsomba izi ayenera kuyang'anira zotsatirazi:
- nsomba imodzi yocheperako (imangofika 2-2,5 cm),
- imafunikira madzi oyera komanso oyera (kotala la voliyumu imasinthidwa masiku onse a 10-12),
- Kukula kwa magulu abusa - 10,
- kudya zakudya zilizonse, koma ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri (chakudya chouma chimayenera kukhala pansi pang'ono, chisanu - defrost, ndikukhala moyo - kudula).
Kuphatikiza apo, ma Fireflies alibe zokonda komanso zofuna zake. Amatha kusungidwa ngakhale ndi woyamba.
Nthenga zowala kwambiri, aka Khopra
Rerio
R Stro wokhala ndi Striped ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka, ndizomwe amatanthauza nthawi zambiri akamalankhula za Danio. Kwa zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuti kutalika kwa malo am'madzi a Rerio kuyenera kupitilira kutalika kwake, chifukwa nsomba izi nthawi zonse zimakonza mipikisano yopingasa.
Kuchuluka kwa thanki ya gulu la nsomba 10-20 kuyenera kukhala kuchokera 30 mpaka 70 malita. Ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zoyandama kapena zobzalidwa zizikhala mmenemo, chifukwa nthawi zina Rerio amafunika kupumula kuchokera kwa achibale awo akhama.