Mbidzi zofiira (Metriaclima estherae) sizovuta kwambiri m'gulu la mbuna, koma, ndiwopanda ulemu poyerekeza ndi oimira mabanja ena. Ichi ndi nsomba yokongola kwambiri yam'madzi. Mitundu ya mitundu yonseyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri, ndipo mutha kuganiza kuti izi ndi mitundu yosiyana. Ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo ya mbidzi Zofiila, zazikazi zambiri zimakhala zachikasu ndipo zazimuna zimakhala zamtambo. Mtunduwu umasinthasintha mosavuta pazakudya zilizonse, zimaberekanso popanda mavuto, komanso kusamalira ana ake sizimayambitsa mavuto apadera.

Pseudotrophyus zebra wofiira ndi chisankho chabwino kwa amateurs ndi eni nsomba odziwa. Ngati kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi sikubweretsa vuto kwa wam'madzi, ndipo amatenga anthu oyandikana nawo, kuwasamalira mbuna sikukhala kovuta. Pa kusamalira bwino nsomba, musatenge munthu wamwamuna mmodzi kapena awiri kapena atatu wamkazi pa 110 cm yamamadzi.

Ndikofunikanso kupereka malo ambiri omwe nsomba zimabisala. Ngati msodzi wa m'madzi akufuna kusunga Red Zebras limodzi ndi mbuns zina, ndiye kuti Aquarium yayikulu ndiyofunikira. Nsomba zam'madzi zotchedwa aquarium, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti Grant's zebra, ndi gawo la gulu la cichlid lotchedwa mbuna. Pali mitundu 12 m'gulululi, iliyonse yomwe ili yogwira kwambiri ndipo ili ndi munthu wankhanza. Izi nsomba zimatha kubereka mu ukapolo.

Habitat

Metriaclima estherae, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti zebra ya Estera Grant, anafotokozedwa ndi Conings mu 1995 ndipo amakhala ku Lake Malawi (Africa). Wofufuzayo adatchulanso nyamazo pambuyo pa Esther Grant, mkazi wa ichthyologist Stuart Grant.

Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la anthu okhala ku Metriaclima estherae amakhala pafupi ndi dambo la Minos, anthu ena amapezeka ku Meluluk (Mozambique, Africa). Monga mbuns zina zambiri, nsomba zimakonda kukhala m'matanthwe pomwe zimatha kupeza algae yake yokondedwa - aufwux. Aufvuks ndi ataliatali atamera pamiyala. Zitha kukhala ndi mphutsi za tizilombo, nymphs, crustaceans, nkhono, nkhupakupa ndi zooplankton zina.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti cichlid iyi imadziwika mu sayansi pansi pa mayina atatu osiyanasiyana. Ili ndi vuto lomwe silinathetse. Itapezeka koyamba, idatchedwa Pseudotropheus estherae ndipo idawerengedwa kuti ndi ya gulu la mtundu wa Pseudotropheus, lomwe lidali ndi gulu la nsomba zokhudzana ndi Zebras.

Pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti nsomba siziri zoyandikira kwambiri, ndipo mu 1984 chinali chizolowezi kuwatcha Zeeland kuti apatule Zebras kukhala mtundu wina. Dzinali limachokera ku dzina la ichthyologist wotchuka - Hans Mayland. Koma kunalinso vuto ndi dzinali, chifukwa silotsatira zofuna zina zomwe zaperekedwa mayina asayansi. Chifukwa chake, adapatsidwa dzina la "nomen nudum", kutanthauza kuti dzinalo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati sayansi. Komabe, nkhaniyi ikukambidwabe.

Mu 1997, adaganiza zodzisinthanso nsomba kuti zizikhala Metriaclima. Monga kale, dzinali lilinso ndi mavuto. Pankhaniyi, zofuna za kusintha mayina asayansi sizinakwaniritsidwe. Makamaka, mayesedwewo sanaperekedwe kwa olamulira kuti avomereze. Ngakhale tsopano Metriaclima ndi dzina lasayansi, onse omwe akutsutsana ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito dzinali. Chifukwa chake, mayina onse omaliza a zaka za m'ma 1900, Metriaclima estherae ndi Maylandia estherae, amawonedwa kuti ndi olondola, ndipo m'malo ena Pseudotropheus estherae amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale.

Kufotokozera

Mbidzi zofiira zitha kukhala ndi zaka 10. Matupi awo ndi otambalala ndipo amafanana ndi torpedo mawonekedwe. Utoto wamphongo ndi wamwamuna siofanana, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Amuna a "amtundu wofiirira" amapaka utoto wabuluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosakhazikika komanso madontho ozungulira a 4-7 pafupi ndi faini ya anal. Mwachangu cha kusiyanaku ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo - anyani amphongo amabadwa akuda, ndipo akazi ndi otuwa pinki.

Mitundu yamitundu “yofiyira” yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, imakhalanso ndi lalanje lofiira popanda mizere yopindika. Amphaka awo amabadwa ndi mtundu wofanana ndi wachikazi, koma amuna akamaliza kutalika 6 cm, amayamba kusintha mtundu.

Palinso mtundu wa "albinos", koma kuthengo ndizosowa kwambiri. Zachikazi zimatha kukhala zachikasu, lalanje, kapena lalanje ndi kachidutswa kwamdima. Komanso adalemba mpaka mfundo zazikulu zitatu pafupi ndi fain anal.

Kudyetsa zembra wofiira

Oimira mtundu wa Metriaclima estherae ndi nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, koma amafunika mitengo yazomera mosalekeza. Ngakhale mbidzi zimatha kudya zooplankton kuthengo, zakudya zake zambiri ziyenera kukhala zamasamba kapena zakudya zofanana. Zakudya zilizonse zamtunduwu zimawagwirizana, koma kuti thupi likhale lowala, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zovala zowoneka bwino, spirulina, cyclops, kapena chakudya chilichonse chamtengo wapatali cha ma cichlids. Nthawi zina mutha kupatsa nsomba shirimpu kapena nauplii brine shrimp. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbidzi zimalemera msanga, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuzidya.

Kuphatikiza apo, Metriaclima amakonda zokondweretsa, ndiye kuti mtengo wa chakudya umakhala wotsika kuposa momwe amapangira cichlids. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nsomba zambiri, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono omwe amatengedwa mwachangu ndipo sangawononge madzi. Mavitamini ndi chakudya cha nyama ndi chofunikira m'zakudya, koma osayenera kumwa mophatikiza ndi mapuloteni chifukwa nsomba imatha kudyeka.

Munkhani yotsatirayi, mutha kuphunzirapo za thanzi la Metriaclima ndi kusiyana kwawo kwa mbuns zina.

Metriaclima estherae imafuna malo okhala ndi Aquarium osachepera 250 malita ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 122. Ngati nthumwi zamtunduwu si okhawo omwe amapanga ma aquarium, malo ochulukirapo amafunikira. Zebras amakhutira ndi madzi atsopano kapena pang'ono brackish, vuto lalikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi azuluka mosalekeza komanso kusefedwa kwake kogwira ntchito. Ma corals kapena mchenga uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku aquarium - athandizira kuti pH ikhale pamwambamwamba. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya miyala. Miyala ndi miyala yodontha imakhala yothandiza pomanga malo ndi malo omwe nsomba zimabisala. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa mkwiyo wa anthu komanso kugawa gawo. Mbidzi zofiira zimakonda kukumba pansi, chifukwa chake miyalayo iyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pa mchenga, osati kuyiyika mkati.

Kutsika kwamadzi kovuta kumakhudza thanzi la ma cichlids. Popeza Red Zebra imazindikira momwe madzi amapangidwira, kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse kwa 30% kumafunikira (kutengera kuchuluka kwa cholengedwa mu aquarium) ndikuyeretsa makhoma a aquarium milungu iwiri iliyonse. Ngati nsombazo zikuwonetsa kukwiya kwakukulu, titha kulimbikitsa kusintha komwe kumakhala malo osungirako zinyama, komwe kungatithandizenso kugawa anthu komanso kugawa gawo latsopanoli. Kutulutsa magazi mu Malawi a cichlids ndi matenda wamba a nsomba izi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi anthu omwe kudya kwawo kumalamuliridwa ndi nyama osati zogulitsa. Mbidzi zofiira zimakhala ndi matenda ena ambiri omwe amafala kwa nsomba zonse zamadzi oyera.

Zinthu zofunikira

Mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mu Nyanja ya Malawi imadziwika ndi mchere wambiri. Chifukwa cha izi komanso nthenga zambiri, madzi mu nyanjayi amadziwika ndi ma alkali ndi mchere wambiri. Nyanjayi imadziwika chifukwa chowonekera komanso kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro zambiri zamankhwala, monga pH. Kuchokera apa zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira magawo am'madzi mu aquarium ndi nsomba zochokera ku Nyanja ya Malawi. Chiwopsezo cha poizoni wa ammonia chikuwonjezeka ndi pH yowonjezereka, chifukwa chake musalole kuiwala kusintha madzi mu aquarium. Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, nsomba zimatha kupitilirabe kusintha kwa pH.

Kuuma: 6-10 ° dH
pH: 7.7 - 8.6
Kutentha: 23 -28 ° C

Zebra cichlid ikugwirizana ndi nsomba zina

Izi mbuna sizitchedwa zochezeka. Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa munthu aliyense wamwamuna m'modzi ndi awiri wamkazi. Ngati nsomba zamtundu wina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aquarium kuti muchepetse kupsa mtima, kusintha madzi kofunikira ndikofunikira. Metriaclima estherae imatha kuchitidwa molumikizana ndi mbunas zina zaukali za ku Malawi, koma pokhapokha ngati ali osiyana kukula ndipo safanana mawonekedwe, mwanjira zina zimasemphana kapena zowoloka ndi mapangidwe a hybrids zimatha kuonedwa, zomwe sizikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Komanso, sizingatheke kuti mbidzi zizisungidwa limodzi ndi Haplochromis, popeza mbidzi, monga ma Mboons onse, zimawakomera kwambiri.

Pamwambapa pali wamwamuna wa mbidzi yofiira, ndipo pansipa pali chachikazi (chithunzi cha Michael Persson)

Mbidzi zazimuna ndi zazikazi

Wamphongo amapaka utoto wabuluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kapena utoto wofiira wopanda lalanje. Komanso, yamphongo pafupi ndi anal fin imakhala ndi mfundo 4 mpaka 7. Chachikazi chimakhala chachikaso, lalanje kapena mtundu wofanana. Pafupi ndi ma anal anal, ali ndi mbali zitatu zozungulira. Zimachitika kuti chidutswa chakuda chimadutsa thupi lonse.

Kuswana

Mbidzi zofiira zitha kudulidwa mu ukapolo. Kutha msambo kumalizidwa mu nsomba ndikafika masentimita 7-8. Ngati mtundu womwe mukufuna sunawonekerebe mu nsomba zomwe zagulidwa kuti mubereke, muyenera kutengapo zidutswa za 7-10. Kuti achepetse kufalikira, opanga azidyetsedwa zakudya zingapo kawiri pa tsiku. Komanso, amafunika kukhala omasuka. Ngati Red Zebras satulutsa, ndiye kuti mwina nsomba imodzi ndi yankhanza kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kuyichotsa mu aquarium. Kusowa kwa nsomba zamtopola kumapangitsa kuti pakhale bata lomwe limalimbikitsa kubadwanso kwa Metriakima.

Zachikazi zimayikira mazira 20 mpaka 30 ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimazibisa mkamwa mwake kufikira zitakhala chitsa. Wamphongo amafalitsa kachilomboka, komwe pamakhala madontho ofanana ndi mazira, kuti wamkazi, kuwasokoneza ndi mazira ake, amayesanso kubisala mkamwa mwake. Mwanjira imeneyi, imalimbikitsa wamwamuna kumasula umuna ndi kuphatikiza mazira. Pakupita milungu iwiri pakatentha 28 ° C, mwachangu zimawonekera pakuwala. Ana aang ono amadya ufa wowuma wa ufa ndi Artemia nauplii. Poyamba, mkazi amateteza ana ake. M'tsogolomu, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mwachangu akhale ndi moyo ngati kuli malo okhalamo am'madzi. Kukongoletsa kwa nsomba za "mtundu wofiira" poyamba kunali kofanana ndi utoto wamkazi. Amuna amayamba kusintha mtundu utatha masentimita 6 kutalika. Mitundu yamtundu wamtundu "wofiirira" wobadwa ndi ubweya wakuda, ndipo zazikazi zofiirira.

Mbidzi yofiirira yachikazi (Metriaclima estherae) yokhala ndi caviar mkamwa mwake (chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi kimonasandrews) Yolk Larvae (chithunzi cha Michael Persson)

RED ZEBRA MORPH

Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wopepuka wa amuna ndi mtundu wina wa "mbidzi" yofiyira, zotsatira za masinthidwe achilengedwe. Mukamaswana, amuna ofiira ndi oyera ayenera kukula kuchokera ku mwachangu. Koma vuto ndikuti, pochita izi mfundo sizinatsimikizidwe. Kuchokera ku Moscow, ndikuyenera kunena, kuchokera kwa zoweta, "zebra" nsomba zofiira zofananira zonsezo zidakula. Zingamveke, ndi kuwasiya akhale momwe iwo aliri, koma ndiye? Ndani amasamala?

Koma, choyambirira, ndimachita chidwi kwambiri kuti bwanji palibe munthu wazaka zopitilira 30 za kulima mbidzi zofiira yemwe anafunsapo pagulu za vuto lopanda maonekedwe ndi dzina. Ndipo chachiwiri, mchaka cha malonda mu 1986, ndidagula mbidzi zofiira pa birdie yakale (zazikulu sizidapeze ndalama "sukulu"), zomwe patapita chaka zidakula bwino ndikuyamba kubereka mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, wamwamuna anali womaliza mwamtheradi wamkazi, i.e. utoto wofiira.

Kenako, nditha kunena, ndimangoyamba ulendo wanga wamadzi ndipo wamphongoyo sanali kuvutika ndi mtundu wachilendo, mmalo mwake, panthawiyi zinali zowoneka kwa ine: mbidzi ziwiri zofiira - nsomba ziwiri zofiira. Mbidzi zoyera ndi zofiira - nsomba zoyera ndi zofiira, etc.

Chithunzi cha mwana wamwamuna wa zebra wofiyira

Malinga ndi nthano ya nthano ya nthawi imeneyo, zovuta zonse za mbidzi zaku Malawi zimachokera ku mtundu wina wa Pseudotropheus (Pseudotropheus). Nsombazo zinkangodziwika ndipo zimangotchedwa Ps.zebra, ndikutsatiridwa ndi mtundu wa nsombazo kuti zizisintha mitundu. Mitundu yayikulu inali motere: iwiri yofiyira - Red Red (RR), yofiira-buluu - Red Blue (akazi ndi ofiira, amuna ndi amtambo wamtambo, panjira, otayika kwathunthu kwa nsomba zam'nyumba morph), yoyera - W (yoyera), piebald. etc. Ndipo koposa zonse, ma mitundu ena onse morph, akukula, amagwirizana kwathunthu ndi chidule chotchulidwa.

RED ZEBRA KUSINTHA

Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka ngati, nthawi zina, mavu okhala oyera ndi ofiira ophatikizika, amaphatikizidwa, makamaka chifukwa mwachangu kuchokera kwa onsewo anali ofiira, kupatula zina zing'onozing'ono, ndipo anakagulitsa pansi pa dzina wamba “ofiira owirikiza”. Chifukwa abizinesi adazindikira kwanthawi yayitali kuti: nsombayi ndi yofiyira, komanso ngakhale iwiri, zimachitikadi kuposa ina iliyonse. Kuchoka pano, mwina, "mbidzi zofiira ziwiri" zapamtunda, zomwe zongoyambira za m'madzi, sizinangowoneka ngati sizoyenera kukhala “zebra”, sizowonjezera pawiri.

VIDEO PSEUDOTROPHEUS RED ZEBRA Metriaclima estherae

Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti gulu la ma polymorphic la mbidzi lidasiyanitsidwa mwadongosolo mu 90s ya zaka zapitazi kukhala genera losiyana. Ambiri mwa nsomba zomwe zinali ndi maimidwe amapita ku genera la Metriaclima, lomwe limathandizira kwambiri miyoyo ya ogulitsa osiyanasiyana ndi akatswiri, omwe sanathe kufotokoza kwazaka zana lambiri ku aquarium neophytes chifukwa chake nsomba yofiira kapena yabuluu yopanda mikwingwirima imatchedwa zebra.

Kwenikweni, mbidzi yofiira iwiri tsopano imatchedwa Metriaclima estherae. Ndi dzina ili, nsomba zamtunduwu sizifunikira kukhala zofiira zowirikiza, ndipo zomwe zinkamveka ngati zachilendo ndi chidule cha kale (RR) tsopano zadziwika kuti ndizabwino kwambiri.
Koma kuzungulira nthawi iyi zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri za mafakitale am'madzi a dziko lathu zidachitika.

1. "Iron Curtain" yodziwika bwino pamapeto pake idasowa, ndipo zonse zokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwake, kuphatikizapo kulephera kugula ndi kubweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ndikupeza ndalama pamenepo.
   
2. Anthu ambiri ku Russia ali ndi ndalama zolipira zinthuzi.
   
3. Intaneti yafika, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza chidziwitso chomwe chimakhala choperewera kwambiri, chochepa kwambiri komanso nthawi zina chopotozedwa.

Ndili kale pachaka chikwi chatsopano, pamapeto pake ndinawona mbidzi zofiirira za ku Moscow. Zinachitika modabwitsa. Nditapita kukacheza ndi mzanga wa kusukulu (zoyesayesa zanga) - wam'madzi wam'madzi, yemwe anali atangobwerera kumene ku bizinesi ku Czech Republic, ndinawona mbidzi zofiirira ziwiri mwamodzi mwa malo ake okwana 500 litre. Morph zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka pachochitikacho kumayiko akutali kwambiri a 80s.

Zomwe zimasiyanitsa nsomba izi ndi zebra zoweta zoweta zoweta zoweta ziwiri sizinali mtundu wokha wofanana wamphongo ndi zazikazi, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtundu wa dorsal, omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri mwa amuna. Nsombazo zinali kale zachikulire, gululi linali ndi amuna anayi omveka bwino komanso amuna angapo osankhidwa angapo - akazi othekera.

Mwachilengedwe, sindingachitire mwina koma kupeza "vuto" losasangalatsa, makamaka popeza mzanga anandiuza kuti: "Ndapeza gululo" ndi njira ", pokumbukira nkhani zanga zofiyira kawiri osati zebra, intaneti idatulukira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kulandira zomwe zidalandiridwa kale Okhazikika, okometsedwa ndipo nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Wamkazi pseudotrophyus red zebra

Kunyumba, ndidayika amuna ndi akazi awiri mu dziwe lokwanira lita 500 wokhala ndi miyala yoyimira pulasitiki "pansi pa mwala," ndipo anthu osiyanasiyana aku Malawi adakhala oyandikana ndi omwe amakhala, kupatula nsomba kuchokera ku zebra (kupatula kudziphatikiza mosazungulira). Makamaka, ndinasamutsa mbidzi zingapo zingapo kuchokera pano kupita m'malo osavutikira, zomwe zinali zosiyanitsidwa ndi zoyambira pokhapokha posakhalapo timabowo timeneti.

"A Czechs" adakhazikika m'malo atsopano ndipo, atatenganso malo aulere, adayamba kuyisamala.Wamphongoyo adadzisankhira thanthwe lalikulu kwambiri ndipo adayeretsanso dothi lochokera kumadziwo, kuti akumbutse akazi ndi anthu ena kukhalapo kwawo nthawi yopuma. Wamkazi wamkulu adakhala pathanthwe kutsogolo kwa fyuluta, pomwe yaying'onoyo imakonda kukwera pamwamba pa madzi. Ngakhale, mwina, analibe gawo lokwanira kugawirako.

Mwana wamwamuna amafunika kutsogoleredwa ndi mbidzi yayikulu. Popeza adachotsa dothi lokwanira, mwakuwoneka bwino, kuchokera pazama, adavina pafupi naye.

Atawonetsetsa thupi lake lonse, adayika patsogolo ma anal ndi mazira opatsirana ndi mazira ndipo, modabwitsa, adayitanira mnzake kumalo osungika osasamala, osayiwala kuyanjana limodzi kukawaza abale ena onse a m'madzi.

Mwambiri, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti woyamba, kumene, adakhala mtsogoleri wazankhwala ochita kupanga. Pawnshop wamwamuna yekha - Pseudotropheus (Metriaclima) lombardoi angamupangitse kubwezeretsa koyenera.

Posakhalitsa, kutulutsa kunachitika mkati mwa grotto, pambuyo pake mkazi yemwe anali ndi kamwa yotsekedwa ndi caviar wabwerera kudera lake.

Poti ndidazolowera kale kuti ndisiye mphutsi za masiku 10 za anthu aku Malawi m'matumba apulasitiki okhala ndi mpweya wowira ndikuwugwiritsa ntchito ngati chosungira chakumapeto, patatha pafupifupi khumi mphutsi 40 idagwedezeka kwa mzimayi ndikuyika m'thumba limodzi lodzilowetsera. Mmenemo, adakhala magawo onse ofunika a metamorphosis ndipo patadutsa masiku ena khumi (ndikuchoka pang'ono) adatulutsidwa kupita kunja.

Chosangalatsa chinali chakuti, mwachangu, chinali chofiyira kale, ndipo chachiwiri, pakupaka kwawo kunalibe malo amtundu wakuda, omwe nthawi zambiri anali "kukongoletsa" matupi a mbidzi wamba zotsekedwa zomwe amagulitsidwa.

Fryayi idadyedwa bwino pa artemia yomwe yasintha ndipo idakula bwino. Posakhalitsa, pa zipsepse, makamaka dorsal, tint ya buluu idadziwika, kukulira ndikukula kwa achinyamata. Koma machulukitsidwe amtundu wa thupi, m'malo mwake, adachepa. Morph iyi imakhala yofiyira chifukwa cha kusasinthika kwa anthu, ndiye kuti pofika chaka. Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi zebra wamkulu wofiyira, wofiyira wowala mwachangu, kenako kutembenuka (makamaka mawonekedwe a amuna).

Sindinadalire kwambiri kuswana nsomba zaku Czech, koma masiku ano mibadwo ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cichlids amasambira muma malo anga okhala. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti maloto ofiira kawiri anakwaniritsidwa.

Magawo am'madzi pa nthawi yoweta ndi kusunga nsomba m'madzi amumadzi anali motere: kuwuma kwathunthu 18 ° dGH, pH 7.8, kutentha 28 ° C, kubwezeretsa kosalekeza komanso kusefedwa.

Mwakutero, mitundu yambiri yazizindikiro ndizoyenera kupezeka ndi mbidzi zofiira za ku Malawi. Chifukwa chake, kuwuma kwamadzi kumatha kusintha kuchokera 7 ° mpaka 27 °, pH ndikuchokera ku 6.8 mpaka 8.5, kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka 23 ° C ndi kutentha mpaka 33 ° kuvomerezeka popanda kusokoneza thanzi la nsomba. Chachikulu ndichakuti boma limakhala lokhazikika, ndipo zosintha, ngati zilipo, zimakhala zosalala. Komabe, izi sizingagwire ntchito kwa a Malawi okha, komanso kwa ambiri okhala pansi pamadzi.

Sindimadyetsa nsomba zanga ndi chakudya chokhacho, ngakhale sindinganene choyipa chilichonse. Chakudya cha ziweto zanga chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma granes, ma flakes ndi zina zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso, zinthu zapamwamba zomwe timapatsidwa ndi malonda a zoo. Ngati ndinu otsutsana kwambiri ndi "obera," mutha kugwiritsa ntchito daphnia, ma cyclops, coronet kapena magazi, komanso nyama yokutidwa, nsomba, nsomba zabwino zanyanja, ndi zina zambiri.

Gawo lofunika lazakudya liyenera kukhala chomera. Mwachilengedwe, "mbidzi" - nsomba za m'gulu la a Malawi a Mbuna ku Malawi - zimakhala pamiyala yamiyala yamiyala yam'madzi yotchingidwa ndi algae, yomwe nsomba zimagwira ndikulankhula mwaluso ndi mwaluso. Thonje kapena udzu womwe sunasungidwe panthawi yake ndizowonjezera nyama chakudyacho.

Mukasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti "mbidzi" zofiira ndi mtundu wokhala ndi malo otetezeka, kotero malo osungirako okwanira 300, omwe ali ndi malo oyandikira kapena okhala ndi malo akulu pansi, amawayesa oyenera (kuti wina angabzalidwe). Ngakhale, zowonadi, machitidwe amadziwa nthawi zambiri zinthu zam'metriaclim zochuluka. Popeza nsombazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo owerengera, zokongoletsera zabwino pamenepa zingakhale miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe - zachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa.

Iwo omwe sangathe kulingalira ngati aquarium popanda mbewu akhoza kuchita ndi ma dummies awo apulasitiki. Kukhala moyo nditha kulimbikitsa monga kuyesera komanso zochepa. Poganizira za chiyembekezo chosatsimikizika, ndikukulangizani kuti muwabzale mwanjira yoti kutayika kwa ma hydrophytes sikubweretsa vuto lakunja kwa thankiyo. Mwa njira, kuti muwonjezere mawonekedwe a "Malawian", mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zowoneka bwino, ndipo ngati nyaliyo imapereka kuyatsa kwazinthu zingapo zowunikira, ndiye kuti kuwonjezera nyali imodzi yamtambo sikupweteka.

Chithunzithunzi cha mbidzi zachikale zazimuna zokhala ndi zipsepse za turquoise

Anthu onse aku Malawi, kuphatikiza chilichonse, chofanana ndi nsomba zazikulu komanso zopaka popanda zipsepse zokopa, komanso nsomba zamtambo zomwe zimavala zida zachilengedwe, zimagwirizana ndi "mbidzi" zofiira ngati oyandikana nawo.

Ngati ana ochokera ku ziweto saganiziridwa mtsogolomo, mutha kupanga aquarium-zebryatnik: chidebe chokhala ndi mbidzi zachikuda zingapo ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri. Popeza mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yofanana, imasakanizana pakati pawo, komanso mitundu ina ya ma cichlids aku Malawi. Mu ma hybrids okha, mu lingaliro langa, palibe cholakwika, koma pokhapokha ngati sanawonetsedwe monga mitundu yatsopano kapena ma morphs amtundu.

M'malingaliro anga, ma hybrids omwe amapezeka podutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu aku Malawi ayenera kupeza posachedwa momwe amajambula zithunzi za nsomba ndi, ngati titero, maulendo obadwa nawo. Izi zithandizira, kumbali imodzi, kupatula mawonekedwe a mitundu yatsopano yamadzi, ndipo chachiwiri, zimatha kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbidzi zofiira ndi cholinga chobzala gulu lolimba lomwe, chifukwa cha kusankha kwabwino komanso kosadukiza, lingapitirizebe kukhalapo kwake m'madzi.

Pakadali pano, chipwirikiti ndi chisokonezo zimalamulira m'munda uno. M'malo okonda nsomba za cichlid, ngati siali akatswiri oweta, anthu aku Malawi samasungidwa mokhazikika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutsetsereka mosadukiza kumakweza kwambiri.

Popeza malingaliro a ma hybrids omwe ali mdera la ma cichlids ndi osavomerezeka, omwe nthawi zambiri amafikira kukanidwa mwachangu, ma cichlid "otseguka" omwe amakhazikitsidwa mu malo ochitira masewera amtunda amatha kuwonongeka "mwa upangiri wa abwenzi" kapena, nthawi zambiri, amayamba kuyenda padziko lonse lapansi pansi pamazina osiyanasiyana.

Sitiyeneranso kunyalanyaza "kusakaniza" ku Malawi kuno ku India komwe amalowetsa dziko lathu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala zinthu zosayesa (zopambana, monga tikudziwira, zimapita ndalama zambirimbiri ndipo makamaka ku Western Europe pansi pa dzina lodziwika bwino loti "mawonekedwe oswana") alimi a nsomba aku Asia mtundu wokhazikika wa a Malawi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbidzi yofiyira panthawi ya intraspecific hybridization (kudutsa mitundu iwiri ya ma morphs) imawonetsa chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichili chofanana ndi cha hybrids omwe amapezeka ku mitundu yofanana ya oimira ena a Malawi a ichthyofauna. Monga lamulo, kugawanika kwamtundu ndi mawonekedwe a makolo kumakhalapo ngati mitundu yosiyana mwamakhalidwe ndi mitundu imayambika, kapena "mtanda" umachokera ku ma hybrids awiri, omwe aliwonse omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'milandu yotsala, kugawaniza sikunachitike (mwachilengedwe, ndimangoweruza ndi ma hybrids omwe ndimawona) ngakhale oyamba kapena mibadwo yotsatira. Mwanjira ina, linasankha gulu lokhazikika, lomwe mwanjira yapamwamba ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi ogulitsa osakhulupirika kuti muwoneke kapena mawonekedwe atsopano.

Ndi mwachangu mbidzi zofiirira zomwe zimatulutsa, mwachitsanzo, ndi mitundu yosinthika ya pinto (OM), zotsatirazi zimachitika: m'badwo woyamba, nsomba zonse zimakhala zofiira, ndipo chachiwiri kuchokera ku nsomba ziwiri zofiira, mwachangu cha pinto ndi zebra ofiira amapezeka. Chifukwa chake ngati wina mu dziwe lanyumba ali ndi mbidzi ziwiri zofiira ndikubala zonse ziwiri zothira komanso zowoneka bwino, muyenera kudziwa: izi sizosintha modabwitsa, koma kugawananso komweko mu ma hybrids a m'badwo wachiwiri.

Mwa njira, mbidzi yowoneka bwino yomwe imachokera mwa ana oterewa imakula mokongola kwambiri: yokhala ndi mithunzi ndi mitundu yambiri. M'tsogolomu, gulu loberekera limakhala lokhazikika ndipo limangopatsa mawanga mwachangu.

Zomwezi zimachitikanso pamene mkazi wa mbidzi yofiyira amawolokedwa ndi yamphongo ya zebra ya mtundu wa cobalt (M.callainos), ndiwoyera okha ndi yoyera. Ukamatulutsa timbale tokhala ndi mivi, m'badwo woyamba umakhala wofiyira njerwa.

Kwenikweni, mutha kutsimikizira zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi poyeserera koyenera kunyumba. Chonde musalole kuti "mitanda" yomwe ikubwera iyambe kugulitsidwa monga yosasinthika kapena mtundu watsopano, ndikwabwino kunenanso mochokera kwawo mosakanikira. Izi ndizofunikira pokhapokha ngati muwonetsetse kuti mnzake, msodzi wapamadzi, wopeza nsomba, samva kubera.

Pakadali pano, izi ndizomwe zidachitikira omwe adagula zebra wagolide, kapena chikasu, kunyengedwa ndi mtundu wake wokongola. Mtundu wokhazikika pamtunduwu wa anthu aku Malawi ndi chifukwa cha mtanda pakati pa mbidzi yofiirayo ndi wosakanizidwa wa Golden Trophyopsis (Pseudotropheus trop-heops) ndi Golden Labidochromis (Labidochromis caeruleus "Yellow").

Chithunzithunzi chagolide

Zinanditengera pafupifupi zaka ziwiri kuti zitsimikizire zoyambira za zebra morph zatsopano zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa. Ndipo miyezi ingapo yapitayo ndinapeza pa intaneti zithunzi za ma hybrum ofanana omwe adangoseweretsa kumene pamalo oonera masewera olimbitsa thupi, wolemba yemwe adanena moona mtima kuti: izi mwachilengedwe zimapezedwa "mitanda" ya zebra yofiyira ndi golide labidochromeis (colloquingly "Yellow").

Komabe, sikuti ndi munthu yekhayo amene ali ndi mlandu wooneka ngati wosakanizidwa. Kwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi kuyambira nthawi yomwe a Malawi oyamba ku USSR) adatitsimikizira kuti chilengedwe chimamanga zotchinga njira iyi. Makamaka, mbidzi zamtundu wamtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndikulekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wautali, womwe umathandizira kutalika kwakugombe la Nyanja ya Malawi. Komabe, kafukufuku wamunda satsimikizira izi. M'malo mwake, zithunzi ndi makanema zikuwonetsa bwino momwe nsomba zamitundu ingapo zimakondana mosakondana. Ndipo ngati palibe zolepheretsa zachilengedwe komanso zamtundu, ndiye kuti kuwoloka nsomba ndikosapetseka munyanjayi.

Mwambiri, zitha kuwoneka kuti ma cichlids aku Malawi omwe amaphunzira popitilizabe akupitiliza kupanga zithupithupi komanso kutipatsa zodabwitsa, zabwino komanso zabwino. Ndipo ndizabwino. Chifukwa chake, chidwi chawo sichingazirala. Kupatula apo, zitha kuwoneka kuti gawo lomaliza latha, kulumikizana kwina ndi nsomba kumasintha kukhala mwambo wamasiku onse. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi - kamodzi, ndipo mawonekedwe atsopano akutsegulidwa, ndikupereka mawonekedwe osaganizika kwathunthu, pakadali pano, omwe ali ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri komanso zaluso.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Akutanthauza gulu la Mbuna cichlids, amadziwika ndi nkhanza amuna. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchita zachiwawa sikungopikisana ndi ochita nawo mpikisano, komanso kwa akazi ndi oimira mitundu ina. Ndikothekanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhwawa mumadzi amtundu wokhala ndi zimbudzi zambiri, pomwe akazi atatu kapena kuposa agwera wamwamuna mmodzi. Njira ina ndi malo omwe mumadzaza anthu okhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya Mbuna, malinga ndi momwe aliyense wamwamuna aliri ndi malo omwe amamuteteza ku nsomba zina. Chiwerengero chambiri cha nsomba ndizodziwika bwino zachilengedwe ndipo zimalolera kuti adani azibalirana.

Kuswana / kuswana

Maonekedwe a mwachangu amatha ku aquarium. Ndi nyengo yakukhwima, mamuna amasankha malo abwino pansi. Amatha kukhala mwala wosalala kapena woyimitsidwa mumchenga - ukhala malo owonongera mtsogolo. Kenako imayamba chibwenzi champhamvu, chomwe akazi nthawi zambiri amabisala m'misalo. Akadzakonzeka, amatenga chibwenzi ndikuyika mazira angapo, ndipo umuna ukawatenga mkamwa. Nthawi yonse ya makulidwe adzachitika mkamwa mwa akazi, ndipo mwachangu sangathenso kukhala kwawo kufikira atakula mokwanira. Njira yofananira yoteteza ana imadziwika ndi ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Malawi.

Matenda a nsomba

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ambiri m'Malawi cichlids ndi malo osayenera komanso chakudya chosakwanira, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda monga kufalikira ku Malawi. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zapezeka, muyenera kuwunika magawo am'madzi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa (ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, zina), ngati kuli kofunikira, bweretsani zonsezo ndikuzindikira pokhapokha pokhapokha potsatira chithandizo. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.