Mtundu wa mahatchi ama Trakenen olimba ndi abwino kwa okwera. Ovuta kukhala odzichepetsa komanso odziletsa. Mahatchi okwiriridwa anakhazikitsidwa ku Germany, komwe anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito pankhondo zankhondo. Pakadali pano, opondaponda ndi otchuka otenga nawo mbali pamasewera olingana. Maonekedwe okongola a omwe akuyimira aberekawo ndi machitidwe awo amachititsa kuti mahatchi a Trakenen akhale okondedwa a obereketsa.
Chiyambi Cha Hatchi Yogwirika
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mtundu wa kubadwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1300, zochitika zake ndi Prussia. Munthawi imeneyi, ma traken ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati okwera pamahatchi pomenya nkhondo. Mahatchi anali opirira ndipo amawonetsa liwiro labwino kwambiri pakuyenda pansi. Oyambitsa matendawa ndi ma Prussian mares a mtundu wamtchire ndi mbola za magazi akum'mawa.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18, famu yoyamba yokongoletsa yopangidwa modabwitsa idapangidwa, amtundu wautali kuti akhale ndi mtundu, ndi gulu lankhondo laku Germany loyenda pamahatchi ndipo amapezanso ufulu wotengera mamembala achifumu achifumu. Nthawi yomweyo, nthumwi zobereketsa zikuyamba kutchuka pakati pa alimi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama zoyendera.
Akavalo anayambitsidwa ku Russia koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Nthawi zambiri, abulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pamahatchi. Pambuyo pa Great Patriotic War, famu yamakolo idamangidwa m'dera la Rostov, komwe akupitilirabe mitengo yaku Russia. Akavalo amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu ampikisano, momwe amapambana.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mahatchi okwiririka amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndikupeza malo awo m'masewera, kulima, ndikupeza mphotho pazowonetsa zosiyanasiyana. Ganizirani zakunja kwa amuna okongola.
Mbiri yakale
Mu 1732, m'mudzi wa East Prussia m'mudzi wa Trakenen, dzina lomweli loti "Trakenen" lidatsegulidwa, pomwe panthawiyo padali akavalo oposa wani ndi theka.
Cholinga chachikulu cha famu iyi inali kupatsa gulu lankhondo la Prussian mahatchi oyenda bwino kwambiri: okongola, osadzikuza komanso olimba.
Kudutsa pamtunda kunkakumana ndi maresi amtundu wamtchire (seagulls) ndi malo owoneka am'mawa - Aluya, Berberian, Turkey, Persian, Neapolitan ndi Spain.
Pambuyo pake, kudula mitengo kudayambanso kuchitika ndi zimbudzi za mtundu wachingelezi wosasamba. Ngakhale ma stallion awiri a Don Aybar ndi Baku adabwera ngati opanga.
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19, mahatchi ama Arabia okhaokha komanso ovunda bwino omwe adaloledwa kukhala opanga, komanso mitundu yayitali yamakolo ndi miyendo yokhotakhota yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zina: kutalika, thupi lalitali, miyendo yolimba, khosi lalitali, komanso miyendo yabwino.
Komanso, kuyambira hafu yachiwiri ya zaka za zana la 19, asitikali amayesedwa mu mipikisano yosalala, yomwe kenako idasinthidwa ndi kusaka ndi mapanga ndi parfors. Mares anayesedwa pantchito yaulimi ndi yoyendera.
M'mazaka amenewo, kuthamangitsa kwina kodziwika kwambiri ku Europe, anali akavalo a Trakenen omwe adapambana. Chifukwa chake mtundu wa kavalo wamkulu, wapaulendo, wamkulu, adapangidwa, womwe m'zaka za zana la 20 udali wofala m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, mtundu wa Trackenen ku Germany unatsala pang'ono kutha.
Mahatchi ambiri anafa atasamukira ku Western Europe, kapena anagwidwa ndi asitikali a Soviet. Chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa miyezi itatu kuchokera ku Trokeen kupita ku Western Europe, ndi akavalo 1,000 okha omwe adafika pamalowa.
Pali umboni woterowo kuti pambuyo pa kusuntha kwazanyama zochulukirapo komanso zochulukirapo (zolinga za 139 - pa sitima ndi zoposa 700 - pazokha), motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Ernst Elert, gulu lochotsa anthu opezeka ku Gradice, Neustadt ndi Perlin.
Pali mtundu womwe poyamba unkakhala ndi lingaliro lopanga mtundu watsopano - mtundu wa Kirov, "kusakaniza" ndi mahatchi ena a trophy. Komabe, lingaliro lamakono ili lidasiyidwa ndikupitilira kubereka mahatchi a Trakenen oyera.
Anatengedwa kupita kunkhondo, oyenda m'malire, gulu la masewera dziko la Soviets.
Mitunduyi idayang'aniridwa ndi Institute of Horse Breeding (MZIK) ndipo payekha ndi Pulofesa V.O. Witt. Tsoka la a Trakens linali m'manja mwa a S. M. Budenny.
Mtunduwu udasinthidwa pambuyo poti kuthamangitsidwa kwa apolisi mu 1953. Pansi pa Khrushchev, mafakitale athunthu adapita pansi pa mpeni
Mu 1956, mahatchi ochepa kwambiri a Trakenen adalembedwa m'mbiri yonse ya amitundu: ma 602 mares ndi ma boti 45. Mtunduwo udasungidwa chifukwa cha okonda masewera omwe adasunga pamahatchi awo a Trakenen, komwe kunali kunyada kwa dziko la Germany.
Mu 1960s, obereketsa mahatchi achijeremani adaganiza zoletsa mtundu wa Traken kuchokera pamahatchi kupita kumasewera.
Ndipo popeza mahatchi amtunduwu kuyambira pachiyambi adziwonetsa okha mu masewera apakale (kuwonetsa kulumpha, kupanga masewera ena ndi zochitika) kuchokera kumbali yabwino, chidwi cha mtunduwu wakula osati ku Germany kokha, komanso m'maiko ena aku Europe komanso ku USA. Mitundu ya Trakenen panthawiyi inali yowuma kale.
Kuphatikiza pa Trakenen, purebred trackenens idayamba kupasidwa famu ya Ganshu Stud yomwe idangokonzedwa mu 1965.
Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri pa mtundu wa ma Germany patenes idapangidwa ndi ma Albatzon stallions omwe adabadwa mu 1955 kuchokera ku Albatross, Ganshu Altgesell ziweto kuchokera ku Altzilber, Almanac aku Abendstern, komanso stallions omwe adagawidwa ku Poland ndi USSR Tower, Labyrinth, Vespažen, Colombo, Tra Tratt ndi Eol.
Khalidwe
Mahatchi amtunduwu ali ndi chikhalidwe chodabwitsa: pali akavalo amakonda kugwira ntchito, ndipo pali ena amene safuna kugwira ntchito konse. Anthu ena ndi ochezeka, ena ndi ankhanza.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, oimira aberekawa amakhala ofewa komanso osinthika, olimba mtima komanso osankha zochita. Ngati gululi lili ndi zofunikira, zimathandiza mokangalika kuti wosadziwa zambiri azitha kukwera m'masewera olimbirana.
Akavalo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutha kwawo komanso udindo wawo wophedwa ndi gulu lililonse, zomwe zimakopa kwambiri iwo omwe amakonda kusewera.
Kugwira ntchito
Makhalidwe okondwerera ndi okwera pamahatchi ndi njira yofunika yowunikira mtundu. Trakens imadziwika ndi kuthamanga kosavuta, makamaka pansi pa chishalo. Pakupanga ndi kukulitsa luso la ntchito ndi masewera, njira yophatikiza yophunzitsira imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zimaphatikizapo mayeso okonzanso, kuthamangitsa mayiko, kuthana ndi zopinga.
Chifukwa chakuti nyama zimangobwereka ndikuphunzira komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera, ndizoyenera pamtundu uliwonse wamasewera olingana.
Chiyambi cha mtundu
Ndizodziwika kuti oyimira gulu loyamba la akavalo a Trakenen adawonekera m'dera la Prussia m'zaka za zana la 13, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za obereketsa mahatchi am'deralo omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali kupanga akavalo olimba, olimba komanso osasunthika kuti atenge nawo mbali pazovuta. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kuswana sikunapereke zotsatira zabwino, ndipo mahatchi amikhalidwe yomwe amafunidwayo adatha kubadwa kokha mu 1732. Amitundu'wo adatchedwa tawuni ya Trakenen, komwe ntchito yosankhidwa idachitika. Mahatchi apamwamba kwambiri okhala kunkhalango, Belgian, Arab, Anglo-Scottish, Spain ndi Persian okwera mahatchi amasankhidwa kuti asankhidwe.
Mtengo
Kugula zodula kumawononga mlimi kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 10 madola masauzande.
Cholinga cha izi ndikuti ndi mtundu wosankhika. Mtengo wa nyama zimatengera mwachindunji zaka, jenda, mkhalidwe waumoyo, masewera opambana ndi mayendedwe ake.
Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo zodwala kapena zakale zimawononga ndalama zochepa - pafupifupi $ 1,000. Mahatchi achichepere opanda ma pedigree ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amagulitsidwa pamtengo wa 3 mpaka 6 madola masauzande.
Otsika mtengo kwambiri amawonedwa kuti ndi mahatchi achichepere, olimba komanso athanzi omwe ali ndi masewera ophunzitsira komanso oyenda bwino. Mwanjira zambiri, mtengo wa nyamayo umadalira makolo ake ndi zomwe wawachita.
Makhalidwe akunja
Tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe a phirili afotokozedwa mwanjira ya tebulo:
Mawonekedwe | Khalidwe |
Kutalika kufota | Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 166 cm, koma anthu pawokha nthawi zambiri amapezeka 175 cm kutalika. |
Kutalika | Pafupifupi 170 cm. |
Chotupa chakumaso | Pafupifupi, wamkulu ndi 195 cm. |
Metacarpus | Pafupifupi 21 cm. |
Chokwanira | Itha kukhala Bay, yakuda, yofiira, nthawi zina imvi. |
Mutu | Ili ndi mawonekedwe olondola, mizere yachisomo, mbiriyo imakhala yopendekeka pang'ono kapena yowongoka. |
Makutu | Wamng'ono, wokongola, wowongoka. |
Maso | Chachikulu, chofotokozera. |
Khosi | Wopanga mawonekedwe, ali ndi kutalika kwapakati. |
Mane | Imakulitsidwa m'litali, imakhala yosavuta. |
Kufota | Kutalika, kutalika kwa minofu. |
Crump | Amadziwika ndi kuchepa, kukhazikika, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. |
Mchira | Kutalika, modabwitsa. |
Kubwerera | Wamphamvu, wopanda minyewa. |
Pesi | Kutalika, komwe kali ndi masamba. |
Miyendo | Olimba kwambiri komanso otukuka, kutalika kwapakatikati, ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. |
Hooves | Amakhala akulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. |
Ndemanga
Malinga ndi ndemanga, zabwino za mtunduwu zimaphatikizapo:
- kuphweka pakuphunzitsira,
- Universal (amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana),
- kulimba mtima, kupirira, chiwopsezo,
- Zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri
- kusakhazikika
- wamtendere komanso wochezeka
- kuyenda ndi kusuntha kwa mayendedwe,
- Maonekedwe okopa
- kutumphuka kwambiri.
Zoyipa:
- Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimadwala matenda olowa ndi hernias.
- Zomwe adzapulumuke ndi 85%, chifukwa chomwe chofooka chitetezo chokwanira komanso mphamvu zochepa.
- Mahatchi ndiovuta kubereka m khola, chifukwa chakuti, poyerekeza ndi Mitundu ina, yosiyana paumoyo wabwino, nthawi zambiri imagwira matenda ozizira kapena chimfine. Ndikwabwino kubereketsa mosiyanasiyana ndi makola kuti zitheke kutentha.
- Chochititsa chidwi ndi kusangalala ndi kuwononga zinthu. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pakusamalira ndi kukonzanso mahatchi. Pakuswana, nyama zimasungidwa m'miyala yoyera, kuzisamalira zinali bwino kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, asayansi sanasamale kwenikweni pa maphunziro ndi ntchito yanyama.
Kutentha
Popeza ma trakens adadulidwa ngati akavalo ankhondo, ali ndi malingaliro osasunthika, olimbikira, komanso ofulumira. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, mahatchiwo ndi okhazikika, opirira ndipo amatha kusintha kusintha nyengo.
Ngakhale kupsa mtima kwapanja pamahatchi kuphatikiza nyama zina, zomwe mahatchi nthawi zina amatha kutenga ngati adani, kavalo amatha kutengera anthu mosavuta, amatha kuzolowera kuphunzitsidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino pamasewera.
Makhalidwe opindulitsa
Makhalidwe abwino komanso mawonekedwe osinthika amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mtunduwu m'masewera olingana. Okwera nawonso amatenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yaulimi komanso kukwera pamahatchi.
Nthawi yayitali yokhala ngati akavalo amtunduwu ndi zaka 30, nthawi yakutha ndi zaka ziwiri, koma amalimbikitsa kuswana pamene kavalo wafika zaka 4. Akazi amadziwika ndi kupanga mkaka kwambiri, ngati oimira mtundu wamasewera. Mkazi m'modzi pamwezi amatha kupanga pafupifupi malita 240 a mkaka, patsiku - malita 7-8.
Kuswana
Akavalo-amatumba amakhala pafupifupi zaka 30-35. Kukhwima kwa kugonana pamahatchi amtunduwu kumachitika pazaka ziwiri zokha. Koma obereketsa amalimbikitsa kudikirira zaka 3-4 - izi ndizofunikira pakukhwima thupi la nyama.
Mitundu nthawi zambiri imaberekana machitidwe ogulitsa munthawi ya kusaka nyama mwa akazi.
Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 320 mpaka chaka chimodzi. Pakadali pano, maula amachita mosamala komanso modekha, m'mimba mwake mwazunguliridwa theka lachiwiri la pakati.
Pa nthawi yojambula, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusiya mare kuti ayende. Mwana wa tonde akatsala pobadwa, nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kuchita zinthu zoipa, kenako kukagona, kenako kudzuka.
Kubala mwana kumapitirira mphindi 20. Mwana amabadwa wanyowa, mayi amayamba kuyinyambita. Tsiku lotsatira, amatha kuyenda ndi nyumba pabwalo.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, kuphatikiza mkaka, nguluwe imadyetsedwa ndi masamba. Pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, khandalo limasinthidwa ndikukhala payokha.
Kuti mahatchi a Trakenen amve bwino, kukhala olimba, olimba komanso athanzi, kuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino mumipikisano, ayenera kuwonetsetsa chisamaliro choyenera:
- Kuyeretsa khola ndi khola. Kuyeretsa kumachitika nthawi zonse. Kamodzi pamwezi, chipindacho chimathandizidwa ndi antiseptic agents kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi majeremusi.
- Onetsetsani kuti mulibe zolemba m'chipindacho. Akavalo sangalekerere kuwuma kwina, chinyezi chambiri komanso kuwinduka kwa mphepo - izi zimatha kubweretsa matenda.
- Konzekerani zodyetsa ndi mbale zomwera. Ayenera kukhala ndi madzi abwino akumwa nthawi zonse ndi chakudya chatsopano.
- Yesetsani kuyenda mtunda wautali. Chifukwa choti anyaniwa ndi nyama zomwe zimagwira, amafunika kuyenda kwakutali, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito msipu waukulu, kotero kuti akavalo ali ndi mwayi wothamanga kwambiri.
- Kuphatikiza ndikusamba mahatchi pafupipafupi. Njira izi zimathandizira kukhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Kamodzi pa sabata muyenera kutsuka akavalo anu ndi tsitsi lapadera ndi mankhwala osamalira a mane. M'chilimwe, izi zimayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.
Mahatchi opikisano amafunikira kuphunzitsidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati maphunzirowa amakhala osakhazikika, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mahatchiwo asakhale olimba mokwanira komanso olimba.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
- Ubwino waukulu wa kuswana umadziwika ndi:
- ntchito zosiyanasiyana
- ntchito yayikulu
- Kuyenda kosalala komanso kosalala, kulola kugwiritsa ntchito mahatchi mu hippotherapy,
- Kutha kudumphira m'mwamba kwambiri, kotero kuti akavalo amatenga malo oyambira,
- mawonekedwe okongola ndi oimira,
- wakhalidwe labwino
- kutsatira masitima apamtunda.
- Makhalidwe osavomerezeka ndi monga:
- kusokonekera ndi kuwonongeka pokhudzana ndi chisamaliro,
- kuvuta kwa kubereka modyetsa ziweto ndi kuchuluka kwa anyani - chifukwa chofooka,
- kukonzeratu kwa nyama kwa hernias ndi matenda olowa.
Kudyetsa
Kudya kwa mtundu wa akavalo a Trakenen ndi nkhani ina. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro oyambira:
- Ngakhale kuti mahatchi amtunduwu ndi ochulukirachulukira, ali ndi mimba yaying'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, amafunika kudya pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono.
- Pamafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi kuti nyamazo zimakhala ndi madzi oyera ndi ziwiya zakumwa. Imafunika kutsukidwa itatha chakudya chilichonse.
- Kuti mukwaniritse kuthekera kwa mahatchi, kugwira ntchito moyenera m'mimba, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza chakudya m'zakudya.
- Kuyambitsa chatsopano mu chakudya cha kavalo kuyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake m'mimba mumazolowera zakudya zachilendo.
- Patsani nyama zakudya zapamwamba zokha. Musadyetse mahatchi ndi zopangidwa ndi nkhungu, izi zingayambitse matenda opatsirana.
- Kukonzekera kwa zakudya kumadalira zochitika zake zolimbitsa thupi.
- Pambuyo podya, mahatchi amafunika kupumula - zimathandizira kuti chimbudzi chikhale bwino. Simungathe kulamula mahatchi nthawi yomweyo ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.
Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi la akavalo a Trakenen, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pafupipafupi, kulabadira maliseche.
Mlimi adzafunika kutsuka akavalo ake, kudula zooneka bwino, ndikuthirira nyama ndi nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana.
Onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi a veterinarian, pozindikira kuti kavalo wasintha kwambiri, ndipo thanzi lake likuipiraipira.
Zofunikira kuchipinda
Mahatchi amasungidwa m'nyumba yokhala ndi zida zapadera - khola. Potere, munthu aliyense ayenera kukhala mgulu laling'ono, lomwe lili ndi zida zam'madzi ndi madzi. Matanki amathanso kupanga nkhuni, chitsulo, chitsulo kapena pulasitiki (zodyetsa zokha), pomwe kumamwa mbale kuli bwino kusankha pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo chosiyidwa.
Chipinda chomwe mahatchi amasungidwa chimayenera kukhala ndi pansi konkire, osachepera 20cm. Konkriti imakutidwa ndi mphasa zapamwamba pamtunda, pafupifupi 5. cm.
Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mitengo yamoto yotentha imalephera kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo imatha kusintha kutentha kapena kuzizira. Pofuna kupatula kuthekera kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu pafupipafupi, komabe ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azitsatira boma lolimbitsa kutentha, m'chilimwe - 25 ° C, komanso nthawi yozizira - kuyang'ana kutentha kwanyumba kuti kutentha kusatsike pansi pa 8 ° C.
Mahatchi amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwa kuwala, choncho khola liyenera kukhala ndi mawindo okwanira kuti liziyatsidwa bwino masana. Madzulo, khola liyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi zowunikira zowunikira pazambiri zokwanira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuyatsa kwapadera pamwamba pa chosungira chilichonse. Mahatchi okwiririka salekerera kulembedwa, motero ndikofunikira kuti mpweya ukhale m'malo m'nyengo yozizira, atagwiranso ziwetozo pamalo otetezedwa.
Chinyezi m'khola sayenera kupitirira 70%. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti malo okhala mahatchi pawokha ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa zonyansa zazinyama.
Pofuna kupitirira zizolobezabwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa manyowa nthawi zonse ndikuwasiya zinyalala ndi zina zouma.
Katemera
Woyang'anira zinyama amayendera ndi kutemera nyama kawiri pachaka:
- Pambuyo pobwerera ku msipu wa chilimwe.
- Asanapite kukasambitsa msipu.
Katemera wolimbikitsidwa:
- kuchokera ku anthrax,
- Kuchokera ku dermatophytosis,
- motsutsana ndi chimfine
- motsutsana leptospirosis,
- kuchokera ku chiwewe
- kuchokera ku tetanus.
Kupewa matenda
Kupangitsa kuti hatchi ikhale yodwala, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu, zomwe zimaperekedwa:
- kuyeretsa malo ndi kusintha zinyalala tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti mupewe kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,
- kudya pafupipafupi komanso kudya pafupipafupi,
- kuyezetsa kwam pamwezi kukaonana ndi a veterinarian kuti adziwe zovuta zomwe zingakhale zathanzi ndikuthandizira chithandizo chakanthawi
- kupatsa anthu othandizira zovuta, momwe amapangira vitamini-mineral zovuta zokulitsa chitetezo chokwanira,
- ukhondo wamahatchi, kusamba kwawo nthawi zonse, kusamalira ziboda, mano ndi ubweya,
- Katemera wake pa nthawi yake
- kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba, zomwe zimayesedwa kale kuti zikhale zopezeka kwina, zosayenera za zomera zowopsa, zimbudzi zamtundu wazakudya, zowonda, zowola, nkhungu,
- kuonetsetsa kuti kupumula kwausiku ndikupumula nthawi zonse pogwira ntchito molimbika,
- kutsatira microclimate yofunikira mchipinda chomwe mahatchi amakhala.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Makola a akavalo amayenera kukhala oyera, chifukwa chake malembawa amayeretsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zinyalala zimasinthidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, odyetserako mbale ndi zakumwa zoyeretsa zimatsukidwa nthawi zonse, zimatsukidwa kwathunthu ku zinyalala zamafuta ndikuumitsa dzuwa. Mwezi uliwonse amatsuka, pochotsa matendawa ndi majeremusi.
Musaiwale za kusamalira thupi la nyamayo - muyenera kuyitanitsa wowonetsa veteru kuti ayang'ane mahatchi, kuyeretsa ndi kuvala nsapato zake, kukukuta mano ake, ndi katemera munthawi yake. Ndikofunikira kusamba mahatchi pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda pang'ono, ndipo kuti chikhalacho chikhale chowala, chimatsukidwa ndi shampoos apadera.
Zochitika zam'mawa zamasiku onse ziyenera kukhala kuphatikiza tsitsi ndi burashi yapadera. Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza tsitsi la kavalo kuyambira kumbuyo, kutsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamapeto pake, muyenera kuphatikiza mane ndi mchira.
Mukaphatikiza tsitsili, mutha kuwona mabala pamtembo wa nyama: kuwonongeka kwamakina kapena kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe timathandizidwa ndi antiseptics ndi njira zina povomerezeka ndi veterinarian. Makalasi ophunzitsira mahatchi amayenera kuchitika kuyambira ali aang'ono, munthu m'modzi ayenera kuchita izi mosalekeza. Makalasi amayamba ndi kuzolowera mawu a mwiniwakeyo, akumapereka malamulo oyambira ndikusintha kamvekedwe ka mawu ndi nyama.
Akavalo ayamba kumvera malamulo, ayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi zakudya - shuga, buledi, kaloti, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri kwa nyama.
Ziwerengero zakubala
Pakadali pano, kavalo wa Trakenen, monga mtundu umodzi wokha wamtundu wopanda mtundu wamagazi, womwe umabedwa ku Germany.
M'dzikoli, muli maitala pafupifupi 5,000,000 ndi ma boti 300. Ziweto zobereketsa zomwe zikuchitika m'maiko ena, pakati pawo: France, Denmark, USA, Poland, New Zealand, England, Croatia, Russia.
Titha kunena kuti ziyembekezo za mtundu wa Trakenen ndizabwino kwambiri, kufunikira kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha deta yabwino yakuthupi, kulola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akavalo.
Kukwaniritsa Masewera ndi Mphotho
Mahatchi okwiririka amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri, komanso otsogola kwambiri. Nyamayo imakhala mthandizi wabwino komanso bwenzi la wokwera mulingo uliwonse.
Posachedwa, ma trakens amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamipikisano padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri amakhala opambana, osati otayika. Mtundu wa akavalo a Trakenen umawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pamakhalidwe ambiri ofanana.
Kutha kulumpha kwakwe ndi kulimba mtima kwa mahatchi amenewa kumaonekera kwambiri m'mipikisano komanso kuchita zisudzo. Pochitika, ma trakens nthawi zambiri amapambana mpikisano.
Mu 1972, pamipikisano yampikisano yochitira masewera antchito wamba, kavalo wochokera ku Russia wotchedwa Ashes adakumbukiridwa kwambiri. Wokwerapo wake E. Petushkova adalandira mphotho yayikulu kwambiri pamasewera olimbana ndi timu ndipo adakhala katswiri padziko lonse lapansi mu masewera apamwamba.
Wopeka waku America Abdullah sanakumbukiridwenso - adalandira golide ku Olimpiki ya 1984. Oyimira bwino kwambiri amtunduwu ndi akavalo ochokera ku Germany ndi ku Russia - awonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Oimira otchuka
Akavalo otchuka a Trakenen adakhala othokoza chifukwa cha zomwe amachita pamasewera. Masiku ano, m'maiko a ku Europe ndi USA, ndiwosewera pamasewera apamwamba a equestrian.
Woimira odziwika kwambiri wa mtundu wa Trakenen ndi kavalo wotuwa Abdullah, yemwe adasewera timu ya US ndikupambana Olimpiki mu 1984. Wodziwikanso anali wa akavalo waku Russia Pepel, yemwe anathandiza a Honored Master of Sports Elena Petushkova pa Masewera a Olimpiki ndi World Championship mu 1970 motsatira momwe angatengere. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa akavalo a Trakenen ukadali wotchuka masiku ano, makamaka m'mafamu akulu, monga ali ponseponse. Ndipo kuti akule bwino ngati nyama yabwino, yogwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kumamupatsa chisamaliro choyenera, zakudya zabwino komanso moyo wabwino.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
Popeza mtunduwo udawoneka kopitilira kamodzi pakutsirizika, nthawi yotsiriza malo ake adabwezeretsedwa m'malo abwino, omasuka, omwe sangathe koma kukhudza mikhalidwe ina. Nyama zoterezi ndizosowa kwambiri mokhudzana ndi zakudya komanso mikhalidwe. Mukawalera ng'ombe, ziweto zimachepera, kudwala, ndichifukwa chake amalangizidwa kusamutsa mahatchi kumalo odyetserako chilimwe ndikuwasunga otsala.
Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa. Mwa zabwino za trekens, ndikofunikira kufotokoza izi:
- amaphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo amaphunzitsidwa mosavuta,
- kusinthika kwa kubereka kumathandizira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana,
- akavalo saopa chilichonse ndipo atha kutenga zoopsa, chifukwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba mtima,
- chizindikiro chaumoyo chiri pamlingo wokwera,
- chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri ndichabwino,
- mayendedwe ake ndi osalala, opepuka, omwe wokwera sangakhale koma,
- Maonekedwe okopa
- kutumphuka kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yoti zomangamanga ndizosavomerezeka pakusungidwa, zilinso ndi zovuta monga:
- yamavuto ambiri pamahatchi - hernias ndi matenda ophatikizika,
- chitetezo chofooka ndichomwe chimapangitsa kuti mtunduwu uzikhala ndi 85% yokha,
- sioyenera kuweta ng'ombe, mahatchi amayamba kudwala,
- muyenera kuyang'anira zakudya zokha ndikupereka zakudya zapamwamba zokha.
Ngati simutsatira zomwe akumangidwa, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira chidzaposa 85%. Makampani odziwa kubzala amapereka upangiri wawo pankhaniyi ndipo amalimbikitsa kuti mutsatire malamulo otsatirawa:
- sikokwanira kukhazikitsa Kutenthera m'khola, kuyeneranso kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri,
- kwa aliyense payekhapayekha malo omwe akufunika amayang'aniridwa,
- bedi la mares limatsuka nthawi, ndipo zinyalala zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse, ngati izi sizingachitike, imakhala malo osungira mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi,
- chakudya cha mahatchi chiyenera kukhala chokwanira komanso osaphatikiza tirigu wokha, komanso nsipu; zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimayambitsidwa ngati feteleza wowonjezera, zimapereka madzi ndi mchere woyera nthawi zonse,
- ngakhale atakhala nyengo yotani, kavalo amayenera kukhala ndi katundu wofanana - awa akhoza kukhala maulendo apafupi,
- kuyeretsa ndi njira zina zaukhondo zimachitika nthawi ya chilimwe komanso nthawi yozizira,
- ziboda zake zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chifukwa cha ntchito yawo amatcha katswiri yemwe amatsuka ndi kuvala nsapato,
- maneti ndi mchira walekeka,
- molingana ndi mawu okhazikitsidwa ndi veterinarian, katemera ndi kuyesedwa kwa nyamayo kumachitika.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala kavalo wa Trakenen
Akavalo okwera idawerengeredwa m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ku East Prussia. Ili ndi dzina lake kuchokera ku famu yoyamba ya ma Stud, pomwe Trakenen adabedwira. Izi ndi zomwe zokha sizinasakanizikane ndi ena. Ndibwino kukwera pamahatchi. M'mbuyomu, kavaloyu anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamavalo, tsopano apeza ntchito m'masewera olimbirana.
Gait mtundu wamahatchi sichimasiya kukhudzana kosiyanasiyana kwa kukongola poyenda. Akavalo ndi akulumphira kwambiri komanso okongola, ndikupanga mawonekedwe odabwitsa.
Ndi olimba mtima, olimba komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Chachikulu ma suti okwera akavalo: wofiyira, Bay, wakuda ndi imvi. Roan ndi karakova ndizochepa kwambiri.
Akavalo a Trakenen ndiwotalikirapo, owuma bwino komanso mizere yokhazikika. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 168. Mutuwo uli bwino bwino wokhala ndi mphumi komanso maso owoneka bwino.
Mbiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindika, komanso yowongoka. Hatchiyo imakhala ndi khosi lalitali, loonda, komanso lozungulira. Imadutsa mu minofu kufota ndi kukhazikika masamba, kumathera ndi thupi locheperako ndi crump yotsekemera. Mtunduwo uli ndi miyendo yolimba kwambiri ndi ziboda zazikulu zokutidwa ndi nyanga yolimba. Palibe zovuta ndi mawu kufotokoza kukongola konse Akavalo okwera.
Hatchi yokhazikika bwino ili chizindikiro ku Germany. Ku ntchafu lake lamanzere, chithunzi cha anyani akhungu chikuwomba. Mwambo uwu unayamba cha mu 1732, pamene mtunduwu unabadwa koyamba.
Kuoloka kudachitika pakati pa ma Zhmudskie mares ndi mahatchi akum'mawa, kenako owoneka mwanzeru omwe adatenga nawo gawo pazankhondo ziwonjezeredwa .. Iwo adabwera ku Russia kuzosowa gulu la okwera pamahatchi a Budyonny chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idatsala pang'ono kufafaniza iyi yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma chifukwa cha Germany izi sizinachitike. Mpaka pano, iye adakali mtsogoleri pakufalitsa mahatchi a Trakenen. Amathandizidwa ndi Denmark, France, Poland ndi Russia. Koma polowa mu bukhuli, ma mait ndi omwe amasankhidwa kwambiri, komwe amawunika magawo awo.
Zofunikira zowumirira zimakhazikitsidwa pama stallions, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala opanga 3% yokha ya omwe alipo, koma zilibe kanthu mtundu wakehatchi yapamwamba.
Chisamaliro ndi mtengo wa kavalo wokakamizidwa
Mahatchi oterowo amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso amafuna malo abwino okhala. Akavalo okwera amayenera kutsitsidwa, kutsitsidwa ndi kusambitsidwa ndi nthawi.
Zitsulozo ziyenera kutsukidwa tsiku lililonse ndipo chithandizo cha majeremusi chiyenera kuchitika. Kutsuka kofana ndi antiseptic wothandizila kumachitika kamodzi pamwezi. Hatchi iliyonse imayenera kukhala ndi khola lake, momwe mumakhala madzi ndi udzu nthawi zonse.
Popeza mtundu uwu ndiwothandiza kwambiri komanso ndi mafoni, oimira ake amafunika kuyenda nthawi yayitali tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamalo abusa a fakitale, zazing'onozing'ono.
Zochitikaakavalokutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano ya ma equestrian ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa kupirira ndi kukulitsa maluso ena, mutha kuyang'ana izi zingapo Chithunzi.
Njira zaukhondo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mahatchi a Trakenen kuti asapweteke komanso akhale ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso okonzedwa bwino m'mipikisano yambiri. Kuwala, ubweya ndi ma mane amagwiritsa ntchito shampoo yapadera ya kavalo kapena sopo ochapira. Kamodzi pa sabata, madzi amaperekedwa m'malo okhala ndi zida zapadera.
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ali paphiri lambiri. Kuti muwonjezere kukongola, ndikung'amba, onjezerani mchere pang'ono. Ndikosatheka kutsanulira pamutu ndi makutu kuchokera kumtunda, kavalo amatha kuchita mantha ndikuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo.
M'nyengo yotentha, akavalo amatha kutsukidwa mumsewu, koma kawiri pamlungu. Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera, izi zimabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana apakhungu. Njira zamadzi zikatha, akavalo ayenera kupukuta. Akatswiri azamalonda amakono amaphatikizapo trokeenskyakavalo kwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake ma purebreds pamsika amakhala okwera kwambiri mtengo.
Mutha kuyang'ananso njira yotsika mtengo ya bajeti. Ndikwabwino kugula mahatchi ama trakenensky pamafamu aku Stud. Mtengo wa iwo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, kuchokera ku ma ruble 50 000-500 000, ndipo zimatengera zinthu zingapo: mtengo wabanja, zaka, kukwaniritsa masewera ndi jenda.
Ngati mtengo wopemphedwa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa ndi wotsika, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu wogula nyama yodwala kapena yachikale. Mulimonsemo, chikalata chachipatala chiyenera kuperekedwa.
Mbiri yakubadwa
Mu 1732, m'mudzi wa East Prussia m'mudzi wa Trakenen, dzina lomweli loti "Trakenen" lidatsegulidwa, pomwe panthawiyo padali akavalo oposa wani ndi theka. Cholinga chachikulu cha famu iyi inali kupatsa gulu lankhondo la Prussian mahatchi oyenda bwino kwambiri: okongola, osadzikuza komanso olimba. Kudutsa pamtunda kunkakumana ndi maresi amtundu wamtchire (seagulls) ndi malo owoneka am'mawa - Aluya, Berberian, Turkey, Persian, Neapolitan ndi Spain. Pambuyo pake, kudula mitengo kudayambanso kuchitika ndi zimbudzi za mtundu wachingelezi wosasamba. Ngakhale ma stallion awiri a Don Aybar ndi Baku adabwera ngati opanga. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19, mahatchi ama Arabia okhaokha komanso ovunda bwino omwe adaloledwa kukhala opanga, komanso mitundu yayitali yamakolo ndi miyendo yokhotakhota yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zina: kutalika, thupi lalitali, miyendo yolimba, khosi lalitali, komanso miyendo yabwino. Komanso, kuyambira hafu yachiwiri ya zaka za zana la 19, asitikali amayesedwa mu mipikisano yosalala, yomwe kenako idasinthidwa ndi kusaka ndi mapanga ndi parfors.Mares anayesedwa pantchito yaulimi ndi yoyendera. M'mazaka amenewo, kuthamangitsa kwina kodziwika kwambiri ku Europe, anali akavalo a Trakenen omwe adapambana. Chifukwa chake mtundu wa kavalo wamkulu, wapaulendo, wamkulu, adapangidwa, womwe m'zaka za zana la 20 udali wofala m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, mtundu wa Trackenen ku Germany unatsala pang'ono kutha. Mahatchi ambiri anafa atasamukira ku Western Europe, kapena anagwidwa ndi asitikali a Soviet. Chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa miyezi itatu kuchokera ku Trokeen kupita ku Western Europe, ndi akavalo 1,000 okha omwe adafika pamalowa. Palinso umboni woterowo kuti pambuyo pa kusuntha kwazanyama zochulukirapo komanso zochulukirapo (zolinga za 139 - pa sitimayo ndi zoposa 700 - pazokha), motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Ernst Elert, gulu lomwe linatulutsa linapezeka ku Gradice, Neustadt ndi Perlin.
Pali mtundu [ Kuti? ] kuti poyamba panali malingaliro opanga mtundu watsopano - Kirov imodzi, "kusakaniza" ndikutsata ndi mahatchi ena oyendetsa. Komabe, lingaliro lamakono ili lidasiyidwa ndikupitilira kubereka mahatchi a Trakenen oyera. Anatengedwa kupita kunkhondo, oyenda m'malire, gulu la masewera dziko la Soviets. Mitunduyi idayang'aniridwa ndi Institute of Horse Breeding (MZIK) ndipo payekha ndi Pulofesa V.O. Witt. Tsoka la a Trakens linali m'manja mwa a S. M. Budenny. Mtunduwu udasinthidwa pambuyo poti kuthamangitsidwa kwa apolisi mu 1953. Pansi pa Khrushchev, mafakitale athunthu adapita pansi pa mpeni
Mu 1956, mahatchi ochepa kwambiri a Trakenen adalembedwa m'mbiri yonse ya amitundu: ma 602 mares ndi ma boti 45. Mtunduwo udasungidwa chifukwa cha okonda masewera omwe adasunga pamahatchi awo a Trakenen, komwe kunali kunyada kwa dziko la Germany.
Mu 1960s, obereketsa mahatchi achijeremani adaganiza zoletsa mtundu wa Traken kuchokera pamahatchi kupita kumasewera. Ndipo popeza mahatchi amtunduwu kuyambira pachiyambi adziwonetsa okha mu masewera apakale (kuwonetsa kulumpha, kupanga masewera ena ndi zochitika) kuchokera kumbali yabwino, chidwi cha mtunduwu wakula osati ku Germany kokha, komanso m'maiko ena aku Europe komanso ku USA. Mitundu ya Trakenen panthawiyi inali yowuma kale. Kuphatikiza pa Trakenen, purebred trackenens idayamba kupasidwa famu ya Ganshu Stud yomwe idangokonzedwa mu 1965. Mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri pa mtundu wa ma Germany patenes idapangidwa ndi ma Albatzon stallions omwe adabadwa mu 1955 kuchokera ku Albatross, Ganshu Altgesell ziweto kuchokera ku Altzilber, Almanac aku Abendstern, komanso stallions omwe adagawidwa ku Poland ndi USSR Tower, Labyrinth, Vespažen, Colombo, Tra Tratt ndi Eol.
Akavalo amakono a Trakenen
Masiku ano hatchi ya Trakenen ndiyo mtundu umodzi wokha wa akavalo azamasewera ku Germany omwe amaweta popanda kuwonjezera magazi owonjezera. Monga momwe opanga amagwiritsira ntchito masitepe a Trokeensky okha, komanso Arabia, mitundu yamahatchi yopanda bwino ndi mitanda yawo. Kavalo wa Trakenen, wotetezedwa ku Germany, nthawi zonse amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi chisokonezo chachilendo: nyanga za elk kudzanja lamanzere.
Kukula pakufota kwa kavalo wokokedwa ndi masentimita 162-165. Mwakuyerekeza kwamahatchi apakati pa Trakenen:
- stallions 166.5 - 195.3 - 21.1 cm,
- maresi 164.6 - 194.2 - 20.2 cm
Akavalo aku Trakenen akuberekera konsekonse ku Germany, lero chiwerengero cha mitunduyi chimakhala pafupifupi ma 2 500 ndi ma boti 270. Amadyetsedwa m'maiko ena - Lithuania, France, Denmark, USA, Poland, New Zealand, England, Croatia, Russia. Popanga maressi mubookbook, njira yowunikira yamagawo khumi imagwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha: mtundu, thupi, miyendo, mizere, lynx, ndulu, komanso malingaliro. Malonda amakakamizidwa kusankha mwamakani kwambiri. 3% yokha mwa chiwerengero chonse cha stallions chimalandira chilolezo chogwira ntchito ngati opanga. Mu mtundu lero muli mizere ya Dampfross, Fetish, Ararad, Pythagoras ndi purete wopalasa pasteur.
Akavalo okwera ku Russia
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, akavalo a Trakenen ku Russia adawonekera nkhondo yayikulu isanachitike. Mochulukitsa adabwezedwa mu 1925. Ma stallions amapita ku akavalo, ndipo maresi abwino kwambiri anali okutidwa ndi ma stallion osadetsedwa makamaka pafamu yamapulogalamu. Gulu lankhondo loyamba la akavalo. Komabe, ana kuchokera ku mauma amenewa sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa: chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kunali ku Germany ndi Russia nthawi imeneyo, ambiri mwa ochita kuchotsedwa anachoka. Kachiwiri mtundu wa Trakenensky unalowa m'gawo la dziko lathu mu 1945. Mahatchi awa anasonkhanitsidwa ndi ma famu a famuyo. Kirov, yomwe ili kudera la Rostov. Kuphatikiza kwa ambiri mwa mahatchiwa ku mtundu wa Trakenens kudangokhazikitsidwa ndi Tauris, popeza zolemba za akavalo zidatayika. Zoyambira pafupifupi akavalo onse adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo adaphatikizidwa pantchito yoletsa kubereka. Mpaka pano, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yodziwika bwino ku famu "Russian trakenen" ndiyo famu yaulimi. Kirov.
Miyeso yapakati ya akavalo aku Russia a Trakenen ndi awa:
- stallions 167.4 - 195.1 - 21.4 cm
- mares 163.6 - 192.3 - 20,8 cm.
Masuti ndi bay, wakuda, bulauni, karak ndi ofiira, ochepa imvi, palibe mikwingwirima ina. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha tražia yaku Russia idawonetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri pamasewera a equestrian pamilingo yonse. Ash stallion ndiodziwika kwambiri, yemwe adakhala wochita masewera a Olimpiki mu 1972, adapambananso ndi mipikisano yambiri ku Europe ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pa ochita zamakono, Al Passal, yemwe adalankhula posonyeza kudumphadumpha ndipo Dressage, yemwe amayankhula mu dressage, akuwonekera. Ena mwa oyeserera a Trakenen, obadwira ku Russia kenako ndikugulitsa kunja, adawonetsa bwino machitidwe awo othamanga m'manja mwa anthu aku Europe, kuphatikiza othamanga ku Germany. Pakati pa mahatchiwa pali Prince, Biotope, Harpoon, Chlorophyll (aka Waitaki). Mizere yayikulu kwambiri yamahatchi aku Russia a Trakenen ndi mzere wa Pythagoras, Pilger, Parsival ndi Arabia stallion ya Surf.
Ku Russia, mtundu wa a Trakenens umawetedwa ku KZ ya Moscow, omwe amaphunzira nawo famuyo. Kirov, Kaliningrad Stud famu, Yoyeserera famu, komanso mu famu ya Stud. Dovatora ku Belarus.
Zinthu Zapanja
Mtundu wokongoletsedwa bwino komanso wokongola, womwe simungathe kuuchotsa pamaso panu, ndiye mwayi wokongola wosangalatsa. Mutu wa mawonekedwe olondola, kulowa m'maso akulu, mawonekedwe owongoka, miyendo yowala, tsitsi lowala, kutalika - hatchi imawoneka yangwiro.
Mtundu wawukulu wa sutiyi ndi wakuda, koma imvi, bay ndi mtundu wofiyira umapezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, amtchire ali ndi mtundu wamtendere, chifukwa chake, zoyerekeza zamtunduwu zimavomerezedwanso, m'mbuyomu oimira oterowo adakanidwa.
Masitepewo amasiyanitsidwa ndi chifuwa champhamvu komanso yotakata, masamba ataliatali komanso thupi lamphamvu. Kukhazikitsa kwa miyendo nkolondola, kutalika kwa kufota kwa amuna kumakhala masentimita 173, ndipo mwa akazi - mpaka sentimita 165. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa kavalo ndi ma kilogalamu 500.
Ubwino ndi Kupeza Zambiri
Kupanga "chithunzi" chokwanira cha nthumwi ya mtunduwu, tikuwonetsa mbali zoyipa ndi zoyipa za akavalo aku Prussian. Ubwino:
- Maonekedwe - ndizosatheka kuchotsa maso anu kukayikira kavalo wokongola.
- Ogonjera komanso ochezeka.
- Luntha, kuthekera kwa kuphunzira ndi kuphunzitsa.
- Kupirira komanso kulimba mtima.
- Kuyembekeza ndi kuthamanga.
- Universal ikugwiritsa ntchito.
- Kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso kugwira ntchito.
- Chisomo.
Zoyipa zama akavalo aku Germany zikuphatikiza:
- Matenda ofooka, omwe amakonda matenda osiyanasiyana, amafa pafupipafupi ndi ana.
- Matupi ofooka, kupezeka kwa hernias ndikotheka.
- Wotengeka, chisangalalo pamahatchi oswana bwino.
Zovuta mu mtunduwu ndizosavuta kukonza powapatsa mahatchi malo oyenera komanso chisamaliro mwatsatanetsatane.
Mbiri yakale
Kuwonekera kwa mtundu wa Trakenen kudayamba mu 1732, pamene famu yokhala ndi ziweto imodzi ndi theka idatsegulidwa motsogozedwa ndi Frederick I. m'mudzi waku East Prussian ku Trakenen (mayiko a Germany amakono).
Ngakhale mbiri ya a Trakens, kwenikweni, imayamba kale kwambiri - ngakhale panthawi yolamulidwa ndi Prussia ndi Teutonic Order, pomwe mipiringidzo inali yopanga akavalo atsopano, konseko pamahatchi komanso kukwera pamahatchi.
Magulu ankhondo ambiri nthawi imeneyo anali kupititsa patsogolo zofuna zatsopano za akavalo, omwe amayenera kukhala olimba mokwanira, olimba komanso othamanga. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, olemekezeka amphamvu komanso owoneka bwino akum'mawa adawoloka ndi ma Zhmud mares.
Zotsatira zake, pofika chapakati pa zaka za zana la 15, Teutonic Order inali kale ndi mafamu oposa khumi ndi atatu okhala ndi zoweta pafupifupi anthu pafupifupi 15,000 zamahatchi ndi mahatchi apakavalo. Pofika nthawi yomwe Frederick I adakwera pampando, dziko la Prussian lidafunikira okwera pamahatchi. Chifukwa chake, wolamulirayo adapanga famu yoyamba yachifumu ku Trakenen, yomwe amayenera kupatsa okwera pamahatchi ndi akavalo amphamvu.
Chomera cha Trakenen chinayamba kugwira ntchito mbali ziwiri - kupanga mahatchi okwera pamagulu ankhondo ndi akavalo olimbikira olima malo olima.
Poyamba, ma mafish ochepa a nkhalango komanso ma stallion olimba mtima akummawa - Persian and Turkish, Arab and Berberian, Spanish and Neapolitan, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubereka, chifukwa cha ichi adabweretsa ngakhale ma stallion awiri a Don. Pambuyo pake, oimira mtundu wa Chingerezi adalowa nawo.
Kanema: Zonse za mtundu wa akavalo a Trakenen Pakufika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, akavalo abulu oyera ndi mitundu ya ku Arabia adadziwika kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri kuswana.
Kusakaniza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amodzi kunaloledwa, komabe, amayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika:
- zazikulu zazikulu
- kukula kwakukulu,
- thupi lalitali
- khosi lalitali komanso lolunjika
- miyendo yolimba
- mawonekedwe osinthika.
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1900, akavalo omwe adawanga ku Trakenen akwaniritsa izi. Stallions idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mu masewera - mipikisano yosalala, kuthamangitsa malo otsetsereka, kusaka parfors, dressage, kuwonetsa kulumpha, triathlon, ndi mares amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi.
Chifukwa chake, kavalo wotsimikizika, wamphamvu komanso wolimba wa Trakenens adapangidwa. Izi zimatsika m'mbiri kuti ndi imodzi mwa masewera otchuka kwambiri. M'zaka zonse za zana lino, ma trakens adalandira mphotho m'mipikisano yambiri. M'mafakitale amahatchi amtunduwu, adadziwika chizindikiro m'dera la ntchafu lakumanzere ndi cholembera champhongo zisanu ndi ziwiri.
M'mbiri yawo yonse, mitengo yamtengo wapatali yatsala pang'ono kutha. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, panthawi yotulutsa mahatchi ku Germany kupita ku Western Europe, anthu ambiri adamwalira. Pamalo omwe amafikirako sanafikire oposa akavalo chikwi.
Pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, sitimayi inali yowerengeka pang'onong'ono - pafupifupi 50 amphongo ndi maresi 600. Zinali zotheka kupulumutsa mtunduwo ku kuzimiririka kokha chifukwa cha obereketsa okangalika omwe adadziyambitsa cholinga chosungira ma tracens.
Kuyambira 1960, kavalo wa Trakenen adayamba kuyeretsedwa ndipo anaphunzitsidwanso ndi obereketsa mahatchi achijeremani kuchoka pa akavalo kupita kumasewera.
Kodi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?
Mahatchi okwiririka akugwiritsidwa ntchito paliponse. Ma stallions amagwira nawo ntchito mwachangu, oimira abwana amapambana kwambiri pamasewera a olimba. Amphongo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana, kukonza mitundu yayikuluyi m'khola.
M'mizinda yayikulu, ma traken amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito ya apolisi oyendayenda kuti ayende m'misewu. Mahatchi amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda maulendo ena m'malo omwe sizingatheke kuyendetsa galimoto.
Zinthu zake
Chofunikira chachikulu pakusunga mahatchi ndicho ukhondo. M'mataulo tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zonse. Nyama ziyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi akumwa oyera. Mahatchi ayenera kutsukidwa ndipo ziboda zawo zimayang'aniridwa.
Kudyetsa kwakukulu
Maziko a chakudya cha akavalo'wo ndi udzu, masamba ndi chakudya cha nyama. Kuchulukitsa kwa chakudya kumawerengeredwa potengera zaka komanso ntchito yanyama. Kudyetsa Malamulo:
- servings iyenera kukhala yaying'ono
- M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mavitamini,
- chakudya chatsopano chimayambitsidwa m'magawo,
- feeders ndi kumwa mbale ziyenera kukhala zoyera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachitidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kutentha kumafunikira,
- mutatha kudyetsa kavalo, muyenera kupuma pang'ono, chiwetocho chimatumizidwa kuti chizikayenda ola limodzi mutatha kudya.
Zofunika! Mchipinda chomwe ma artiodactyl amadyedwa, sipayenera kukhala makoswe. Makoswe ndi mbewa ndizonyamula matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kupatsira akavalo.
Malingana ngati nyama ili m'khola, iyenera kukhala ndi madzi abwino akumwa.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Chakudya chachikulu chodyetsa mahatchi chimalimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi mavitamini a proxes. Mchere uyenera kupezeka nthawi zonse muzakudya za akuluakulu artiodactyls. Zofunikira zowonjezera zofunika zamahatchi:
- Retinol
- Carotene mu mafuta.
- Granuvit E.
- Kashiamu pantothenate.
- Trivitamin.
- Mankhwalawa a methane nayonso mphamvu.
- Yisiti.
- Lysine Ganizirani
Kuphatikiza pazowonjezerazi pamwambo wazakudya zamahatchi ndi mahatchi otsogola amaphatikiza mavitamini oyera ndi zina zowonjezera zachilengedwe, monga mafuta a linse, adyo, kelp wouma, nettle ndi ena.
Zofunika! Ngati mungasankhe kusinthanitsa zakudya zamahatchi amasewera ndi zowonjezera, chitani izi mosamala ndikuwona mlingo, zinthu zina zimatha kuyambitsa kuyeserera kochita bwino.
Zaukhondo ndi Kusamalira Akavalo
Pofuna kupewa matenda, thanzi la nyama komanso mawonekedwe ake oyera, ziweto zimayenera kutsukidwa. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, kamodzi pa sabata, nyengo yotentha, mahatchi amakhala nthawi yochulukira. Mane ndi mchira zimatsukidwa ndi shampoo wowongoletsa. Akatsuka, mahatchiwo amapukuta ndi kuwaza. Kuti mupewe matenda abwinobwino, samalani bedi loyera komanso louma la nyama.
Msipu
Maphunziro oyenda ndi akavalo samachitidwa osadutsa ola limodzi mutatha kudya. Mahatchi ochita ntchito amayenera kuyenda tsiku lililonse ndikudyetsa msipu. Kutalika kwa kuyenda ndi maola atatu. Mukamakonda kuphunzitsa kavalo, nyamayo imakhala yabwino pamasewera komanso olimba. Zinyalala sizitha kusungidwa m'miyala popanda kubzala msipu.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za akavalo
Mitundu ya Trakenen ndiyotchuka m'mabwalo amasewera ndipo imayamikiridwa chifukwa chanzeru komanso kupirira. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kukongola kwapamwamba kosankhidwa:
- Pamiyendo ya maiwe opindika bwino ndi ma stallions pamakhala mawonekedwe onyansa, osakumbukira za nyama yomwe ili ya mtundu wa Trakenen.
- Trakens ndi mtundu wokhawo wa akavalo amasewera omwe amawetetsedwa popanda kuwoloka ndi mitundu ina.
- Mu gombe la nkhumba la masewera akwaniritsa zakusaka - zopambana mu Masewera a Olimpiki ndi mpikisano wapadziko lonse.
- Kupirira, chisomo, luntha, mawonekedwe ndi kuthekera kugwira ntchito ndi machitidwe omwe amaphatikizana mu mtundu umodzi.
Trakens amayamikiridwa ndi obereketsa, amtunduwu amaonedwa kuti ndi osankhika. Ngakhale atakhalapo kalekale, mtunduwu wasungidwa mwa mtundu wake ndipo udakali m'gulu labwino kwambiri m'bwalo lamasewera.
Kudyetsa Akavalo Akavalo
Kuti mahatchi akhale athanzi komanso mafoni, ayenera kulandira chakudya choyenera. Kuti trokeec ikule bwino, ndipo matumbo agwire ntchito moyenera, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza chakudya menyu.
Chakudya chokha chikuyenera kugawidwa komanso chochepa. Mukamayambitsa chakudya chatsopano, muyenera kuchipatsa pang'ono, simungasinthe kwambiri. Izi zidzatsogolera poyizoni wa mahatchi.
Ziwiya zonse zodyetsa ziyenera kuphikidwa komanso kukhala zoyera nthawi zonse. Nthawi zonse mumakhala madzi akumwa abwino oyera modyera. Imafunika kusinthidwa kamodzi pa tsiku, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha. Mukatha kudya, zimatenga nthawi kanthawi kuti Hatchi Yotengedwa isanapite kapena kukayenda. Pamaso pa mpikisano, zakudya za chimbudzi ziyenera kusinthidwa.
Zakudya zomwe zimayikidwa ziyenera kusungidwa m'zipinda zoyera komanso zowuma. Pasakhale makoswe ndi tiziromboti.Ngati zinthu zawo zonyansa zikulowa m'thupi la mahatchi, kukula kwa matenda kumatha kuchitika komwe kungaphatikizitse imfa ya nyamayo.
Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali kwa kavalo wa Trakenen
Kutalika kwa moyo wa akavalo a Trakenen kuli pafupifupi zaka 30-30. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka ziwiri, koma oweta amadikira 3-4 kuti athe kumaliza kusasitsa kwa thupi.
Izi zimaswanidwa, monga lamulo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochita kupanga. Izi zimachitika panthawi yakusaka kwanyengo ndi mares. Nthawi ya zojambulazo imatenga masiku 320 mpaka 360, pomwe nthawi imayamba kukhala bata komanso kusamala. Mimba yake imakhala yozungulira pakadutsa theka lachiwiri la mimba.
Munthawi imeneyi, amayenera kumayenda. Panthawi yamapiko, kavalo amakhala wopanda mpumulo: amagona pansi, kenako nkuwukanso. Kutalika kwa kubadwa pakokha ndi kochepa, pafupifupi mphindi 20.
Thumba limabadwa lonyowa, ndipo amake amayamba kunyambita. Tsiku lotsatira, atha kupita kunja ndi chipinda chamkati. Patatha mwezi umodzi, nyamayo, kuphatikiza mkaka, imalandira masamba. Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amachotsedwa kwa mayi ake ndikupita kumalo ogulitsira.
Kunja
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa kavalo wopusitsika:
- mutu wopangidwa pafupipafupi, wowuma bwino, wokhala ndi mizere yabwino, yayikulu, yonyezimira ndi maso akuya, pamphumi yokulirapo komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kapena mbiri yowongoka,
- khosi m'litali, ndi mizere yowongoka, yoboola pakati, yopyapyala, yokongola,
- chifuwa chake ndi chachikulu komanso chakuya.
- mlanduwo ndi wamphamvu, kutalika kwapakatikati,
- Mapewa agona, mapewa awo ndi aatali.
- fota lalitali, lamphamvu, ndi minofu yolimba
- mzere wapamwamba ndi wolunjika ndi wowongoka,
- minofu ya kumbuyo
- chophimba chowuluka ndi minofu yayitali,
- miyendo ya mawonekedwe olondola ndi kukhazikikako, komwe kumalumikizidwa momveka bwino ndi minofu yolimba
- ziboda zake ndizazikulu komanso zamphamvu, zazikulu, zamtundu woyenera.
Masuti omwe amapezeka mkati mwa mtundu uwu:
- zakuda
- Bay
- mutu
- nthawi zina imvi.
Ma trakens amawoneka bwino, amawoneka ngati akavalo abwinobwino komanso otchuka. Mayendedwe awo ndi opepuka komanso achisomo, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kumveka bwino, mtundu komanso chisangalalo chambiri.
Kukula kwake
Mtundu wa Trakenen ndiye mwini wake wamkulu komanso wokulirapo.
Ma stallions ali ndi izi:
- Kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala pafupifupi 166 masentimita, ngakhale kuli oyimilira atali kwambiri omwe amafikira 174 cm,
- chifuwa chachikulu - mpaka 195 cm,
- metacarpal zone - 21 cm.
- kutalika kwapakati - pafupifupi 164 cm,
- chifuwa kuzungulira - 194 cm
- metacarpal zone - 20 cm.
Makhalidwe
Ma trakens ndi anzeru kwambiri komanso abwino. Khalidwe lawo limagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi izi:
- madandaulo, kudekha ndi kumvera, zomwe zimapangitsa ophunzirawo kukhala ophunzira abwino, chifukwa amadzibweretsera bwino maphunziro,
- ulemu wapamwamba, womwe umawonekera modekha, modabwitsa, modekha,
- chipiriro ndi chipiriro,
- nzeru,
- Luntha
- kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
- ntchito ndi kuyenda
- kulimba mtima, mantha, komanso kutha kuchita chiopsezo pakafunika kutero,
- kuthekera komvetsera kwa munthu ndi kulumikizana naye pamiyeso yofanana.
Ma trakens samangokhala nyama zomwe zimakhala zoyenera kukwera ndi masewera, amathanso kukhala bwenzi la munthu, amamva chisangalalo ndikuchitapo kanthu.
Popeza mahatchi awa adalembedwera gulu lankhondo la oyenda pamahatchi, machitidwe awo amaphatikizika mogwirizana kuti athe kutenga ziwopsezo molimba mtima, kupirira, kuyenda komanso kudzipereka kwa munthu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti akavalo oyenda pamahatchi apangike.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza trakens
Kuti ma trakens azimva bwino, anali athanzi komanso amphamvu, adawonetsa zotsatira zapamwamba mumipikisano, amafunika kupereka chisamaliro chabwino.
- Makola ndi makola azikhala oyera. Kuyeretsa kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Kamodzi pamwezi, chipindacho chimathandizidwa ndi antiseptic agents polimbana ndi tiziromboti ndi tizirombo. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala chowuma, chopanda kukonzekera komanso chinyezi chachikulu.
- Khola la kavalo aliyense liyenera kukhala ndi chodyetsa ndi mbale yomwera, momwe mumakhala chakudya chatsopano ndi madzi akumwa oyera.
- Trakens ndiyotakataka motero amafunika kuyenda mtunda wautali. Mabusa akulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda, kotero kuti akavalo amatha kuyenda mopepuka.
- Anthu omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano amafunika kuphunzitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kulimbikira. Kusakhazikika kwa maphunzirowa kumabweretsa kuti akavalo sangaphunzitsidwe mokwanira, mwamphamvu komanso molimba.
- Kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe okongola a mathirakiti, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza ndikusamba nthawi zonse. Kamodzi pa sabata, mahatchi amatsukidwa ndi tsitsi lapadera ndi zida zosamalira ma mane. M'chilimwe, njirayi imachitika nthawi zambiri - kawiri pa sabata. Madzi osamba ayenera kukhala otentha firiji, ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito madzi ayenera kukhala okonzekera bwino komanso otentha. M'chilimwe, mumatha kusamba kavalo pamsewu ndikusiya kuti liume padzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mutatha "kusamba", nyamayo imafunikira kupukuta.
Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa pazakudya za kavalo wa Trakenen ndikutsatira malangizo otsatirawa:
- ngakhale kuti matupi ake ndi nyama zokulirapo, m'mimba mwawo akadali ochepa. Izi ndizofunikira pakudya pafupipafupi komanso kwakanthawi pang'ono,
- pakugwirira ntchito moyenera kwam'mimba komanso kukhutiritsa zofunika kwa kutafuna, nyamazo ziyenera kudyetsedwa
- kuyambitsidwa kwa chinthu chilichonse chatsopano m'zakudyaku kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kuti m'mimba mukhale ndi nthawi yoti muzolowere zakudya zatsopano,
- kavalo ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi akumwa oyera. Ndikwabwino kupereka madzi oyeretsedwa, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, mwaimirira. Sinthani zakumwa kamodzi patsiku, ndipo nthawi yotentha - kawiri,
- Zakudya zomwe mahatchi amadya ndi kumwa nthawi zonse azikhala oyera ndikusamba
- Zakudya za nyama zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zolimbitsa thupi,
- atatha kudya, kavalo amafunikira kupuma kuti agaye chakudya. Osam'nyamula nthawi yomweyo,
- Zakudya zomwe mahatchi amadya ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba komanso zoyesedwa. Pewani nkhungu ndi kufinya m'menemo.