Basket wa Venus, kapena Euplectella aspergillum - imodzi mwaziphuphu wokongola kwambiri. Ndizowona kunena kuti chinkhupulechi chimakhala ndi mafupa okongola kwambiri, omwe amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a cylindrical openwork plexus of skeletal element. Ndi mafupa a Basket of Venus omwe amawonedwa ngati chokongoletsera chamtengo wapatali komanso loto la okhometsa ambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake siponjiyo idalandira dzina lachikondi chotere. Thumba lake lapadera la chigoba, ngati basiketi, limapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wowonda, ndipo limatha kukhudza mulungu wamkazi wa kukongola, chikondi ndi minda - Venus.

Kulongosola koyamba kwa cholengedwachi kunapangidwa ndi katswiri wazopenda zanyama wazingelezi wotchedwa Sir Richard Owen mu 1841, pomwe amaphunzira nyama za ku Philippines.
Euplectella aspergillum ndi wa gulu Lyssacinosidawophatikizidwa ndi kalasi ya Sipon-rayed kapena siponji wagalasi (Hexactinellida kapena Hyalospongia) Chifundo Euplectella Pakadali pano amagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 15 ya masiponji, omwe amadzaza nthabwala kuti amatulutsa Madengu a Venus chifukwa cha kukongola komanso chisomo cha kapangidwe kake.

Izi ndi nyama zapamadzi zambiri, zangokhala zokha, sizikukhala nthawi zambiri, zimakhala m'malo akuya - kuchokera pa 100 m mpaka kuya, komabe, zimakonda kukhazikika pakuya kwa 400-600 m.
Dengu la Venus limapezeka kum'mawa kwa Indian Ocean komanso kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean, makamaka m'malo otentha. Wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masiponji amadzi ambiri m'dera la zisumbu za Philippines. Nthawi zambiri mabasiketi a Venus amakhala m'malo ozama am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba.
Masiponji agalasi ndi amtundu wakale kwambiri - zotsalira za mafupa awo ndi kuyambira pa nthawi ya Silurian, i.e., azikhala ndi zaka zosachepera 420-440 miliyoni.

Khalidwe la nyama izi siliphunziridwa bwino, popeza mabasiketi a Venus amapezeka mozama kwambiri. Monga masiponji onse, ndi nyama zangokhala zomwe zimangamira pathanthwe kapena pathanthwe pansi. Chakudya kwa iwo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madzi momwe siponji imayendetsa kudzera munsi mwa thupi lake.

Siponji Dengu la Venus limakhala ndi thupi loumbika, pomwe maziko ake ndi chigoba cha silicon cha singano zowoneka ngati zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mphezi za singano zimayang'ana mbali zitatu zaumboni, ma singano okhala ndi matayala osakwanira amapezeka. Mafupa a silicon amawoneka ngati galasi, kotero Basket of Venus, monga, moimira, ena ambiri oimilira kalasi yazowongolera isanu ndi umodzi, amalungamitsa dzina la gulu lake - masiponji agalasi.
Nyama zotere zimachotsa ma silicic acid m'madzi am'madzi ndikuwasintha kukhala silika, ndikupanga chigoba chovuta kwambiri cha fiberglass yachilengedwe. Kukula kwa zinthu za chimango chotere sikungakhale kopanda kuposa tsitsi la munthu, chifukwa chake mafupa amipweya yagalasi amakhala osalimba komanso osalimba.
Kutalika kwa mitundu yambiri ya Basket ya Venus sikudutsa 10-20 cm, koma kumatha kupitirira 30 cm (malinga ndi zina - mpaka 120 cm). Pamunsi pake pali pakamwa ponsepo, pomwe akuluakulu amatsekedwa ndi mawonekedwe a chigamba cha mafupa.

Mafupa a chinkhupule amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chofewa, choyimiriridwa ndi epithelium, mesoglay, makulidwe omwe mumakhala mitundu ina yamitundu yamitundu yambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kokha kuti mauthenga okhudzana ndi siponji yamagalasi mulibe maselo am'miycyte, okhala ndi masiponji amakalasi ena. Makulidwe am'maso pakati pa maselo a epithelial amalowetsedwa ndi ngalande zokhala ndi zipinda zazitali kutalika kwake, mkati mwake momwe mumakutidwa ndi choanocyte - maselo a flagellate omwe amaponyera madzi kudutsa njira kudzera mu siponji.

Chizindikiro chapadera cha Basket la Venus wokhala ndi ma shrimp akuya panyanja ndi mitundu ina ya crustaceans idapanga maziko a chikhalidwe chokongola cha ku Japan - kupatsa anthu omwe angokwatirana kumene chigoba cha siponjiyi ndi awiriwa osakhazikika atakhazikika pamkati mwake wamkati.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timalowa mkati mwa mkamwa mwa siponji ndikumakhalamo, tikudya zamoyo zophatikizidwa ndi choanocyte komanso madzi. Mkati mwa Basket wa Venus, shrimps ndi crustaceans amamva otetezeka, opeza bwino komanso opatsidwa madzi abwino, motero samamva ngati asiya woyang'anira wawo, kukhazikika m'khola la siponji kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakapita kanthawi, khungubwe limakula ndikukhala andende a Basket of Venus, chifukwa sangathe kusiya izi kudzera pakamwa kamatseguka. Komabe, ma shrimps (ndipo nthawi zonse pali angapo a iwo - amuna ndi akazi) sakhudzidwa konse ndi izi - akumva bwino mu "kukhala m'ndende". Amaberekanso ana m "ndende" yawo, ndipo ana achichepere amasambira mkamwa mwa siponji, nthawi zambiri amafunafuna pobisalira lomwe limawoneka ngati "nyumba ya makolo".
Malinga ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe, kachiromboka kamadya m'mphepete mwa phwando la Venus osati "zipsinjo" zokha - zimadziwika kuti mumdima wambiri, chinkhupulacho chimatha kuyatsa, kukopa nyama zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala chodyera osati chinkhupule chokha, komanso chofanizira chake. Anthu ochita masewera olimbana ndi amuna okhaokha amakhalabe ndi moyo chinkhupule mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku awo, kukhalabe okhulupirika kwa okwatirana. Ndizowona kuti ichi chomwe chidapereka chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chomwe chawoneka pamwambapa - kupatsa anthu omwe angokwatirana kumene ukwati kuti Basket wa Venus ndi awiri ogonana mkati, monga chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika muukwati.
Zikuwoneka kuti, maubwenzi ophatikizika pano omwe akuyenera kufotokozedwa pano akuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha mgwirizano, popeza palibe phindu lililonse kwa chinyawu chifukwa chogwirizana ndi crustaceans ndi shrimps, ndipo palibe vuto, ngakhale, zowonekeratu.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti akatswiri azachipatala adachita chidwi ndi masiponji a galasi - magawo omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwechi mwanjira yomweyo amafanana ndi zofunikira za "mawaya" a fiber Optics. Tekinoloje yopanga ma fiber opanga pano imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwongolera mtundu ndi katundu wazinthu zomwe zidapezeka.
Masiponji agalasi amatulutsa "fiber" yawo mwakuya kwakukulu, komwe kutentha sikupita madigiri 2-10. C. Kuchotsa kwa nyama izi ukadaulo wopanga mafupa amtundu wa silika pamtunda wotsika, akatswiri azamankhwala amatha kupeza ulusi wopangira bwino ndi zida.
Kuphatikiza apo, mafupa a masiponji agalasi amatha kuthandizira kupanga zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zoyenera zama cell a dzuwa.

Koma pakadali pano mafupa a Basket of Venus ndi amtengo wapatali kwambiri monga mphatso yamtengo wapatali yodzikongoletsera yopangidwa ndi chilengedwe.

Onani zomwe "Basket la Venus" lili mu mabuku otanthauzira ena:

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nsagwada-zamiyendo isanu ndi umodzi - ((Masiponji agalasi), gulu la nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zokhala ngati siponji. Mafupa amakhala ndi singano 6 zowoneka bwino. Pafupifupi mitundu 500, yakuya kwa 100 m kapena kuposerapo kuphompho, ku Russia kuli mitundu 34. * * * Siponji yoloza-6-yayikulu ... ... Dictionaryedic

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Venus de Milo okhala ndi zokoka - Salvador Dali Venus de Milo okhala ndi zojambula, 1936 Venus de Milo yokhala ndi Drawers Gypsum. Kutalika: 98 cm Kutolera kwapadera "Venus de Milo okhala ndi Drawers" chosema ... Wikipedia

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa basiketi ya Venus ndi oyimira chinkhupule china?

Nyama zamtunduwu zimafanana ndi chotengera chomwe chapangidwa ndi mpweya. Kunja, chinkhupule chimawoneka ngati basiketi yosalimba. Mafupa a nyama amatengera kapangidwe ka silicon. Ili ndi singano zambiri za ray, choncho chinkhupule ndi cha gulu lagalasi - pambuyo pake, mafupa ake amawoneka kuti ndi osawoneka, ndipo m'malo mwake ndi "zingwe zapamwamba" zokha.

Venisi zakudya ndi mabasiketi

Oimira amtunduwu amakonda kukhala payekha. Ziphuphu zadengu zambiri zimasiyana ndi malamulo. Khazikikani kuzama kwambiri, zophatikizidwa ndi miyala ndi zina zapansi pamadzi. Zambiri, khalani moyo wokhazikika.

Mabasiketi amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Chakudya cha basiketi ya Venus ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, komanso zotsalira. Siponji imayendetsa chakudya kudzera m'thupi lake, potipatsa thupi ndi michere.

Ntchito zofunikira masiponji kwa anthu komanso dziko la sayansi

Zosadabwitsa, koma zoyambirira, poyang'ana koyamba, zolengedwa zimagwira ngati mzati wofunikira kwambiri wa sayansi, makamaka mu sayansi ya sayansi. Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi aganiza kuti masiponji agalasi (ndipo makamaka mabasiketi a Venus) ndi chitsanzo pakupanga m'badwo watsopano wa fiber fiber.

Dengu la Venus limapangidwa ndi mitengo isanu ndi umodzi.

Poyang'ana okhala pansi pano, asayansi akuyesera kuti atenge luso la kupanga mafupa a silicon pamtunda wotsika kwambiri (pambuyo pa zonse, kuzama kwakukulu, kutentha kumachokera ku madigiri 2 mpaka 10).

Dengu la Venus ndilamtundu wokongola, chifukwa mafupa ake ndiwofunika kukumbukira, komanso monga chokongoletsera.

Zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi mtanga wa Venus

Mwambo wina wakale wakale waku Japan umalumikizana ndi masiponji amenewa, womwe umakhala kukhulupirika kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Ndipo mwambo udachokera komwe: mtanga wa Venus umakhala ndi chidwi ndi shrimp ndi crustaceans yaying'ono. Pokhala adakali achichepere, otumphukira awa amalowa m'dengu ndikukhalamo mpaka wamkulu, chifukwa mafupa a siponji amatenga ngati "nyumba" yawo. Koma shrimp kapena crustaceans akamakula, amakhala "omangidwa" kosatha, chifukwa sangathe kutuluka.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe angokwatirana kumene patsiku laukwati adaganiza zopereka basiketi ya Venus ndi makola awiri mkati kuti ana asakhale osagwirizana.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kodi masiponji otchedwa mabasiketi a Venus amakhala kuti?

Zilombozi zimatha kupezeka kumadzi akumadzulo a Pacific Ocean komanso kum'mawa kwa Indian Ocean.

Mumakonda mabasiketi a Venus kuti muzikhala m'malo otentha. Makamaka ambiri a iwo pafupi ndi zilumba za Philippines.

Zomwe zimasamaliridwa dengu

Kupanga nyimbo m'mabasiketi kumafuna chisamaliro chosiyana kuposa maluwa apamwamba. Kusiyana kwakukulu komanso kofunikira ndikuti poyamba pomwe vase safunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chowonjezeranso kutsuka ndi botilo ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi chlorine.

Kupanga nyimbo m'mabasiketi, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito chinkhupule chapadera - bioflora, chomwe kunja sichawonekeratu. Amayikidwa pansi pa dengu. Zinthuzo zimamwa ndi kusunga chinyezi bwino, kotero zimadyetsa mbewuyo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, chinkhupule chimathandizira kupanga ndikusunga mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bioflora:

Momwe mungasamalire maluwa mu mtanga ndi chinkhupule kumatengera kutentha ndi chinyezi m'chipinda chomwe mphatsoyo ilipo. Kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa, madzi ochokera ku bioflora amasintha msanga, motero muyenera kubwezeretsanso madziwo munthawi yake.

Momwe mungamwetsere zikuchokera

Zomera mudengu ziyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse. Ngati chipindacho chili chotentha - nthawi zambiri. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyima wamba. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira maluwa ndi madzi apampopi. Moyenerera, madziwo ayenera kukhazikika kwa pafupifupi maola awiri.

Ponena za kutentha kwa madzi othirira, sayenera kukhala okwera. Mulingo woyenera - kutentha kwa chipinda kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Madzi ozizira amachepetsa njira yotsegulira masamba, pomwe madzi otentha, m'malo mwake, amafulumira.

Momwe mungathirire maluwa mu mtanga pa chinkhupule? Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:

• botolo wamba ndi khosi loonda,
• kakang'ono kuthirira
• teapot wokhala ndi mphuno yopapatiza.

Lamulo lalikulu ndikuletsa madzi kuti asadutse pamitu ya chomera. Mutha kutsuka masamba kuchokera kufumbi kamodzi masiku angapo. Kuti muchite izi, pukutani pang'ono ndi nsalu yonyowa.

Malamulo ofunikira pakusamalira basket

Kuti maluwa azikhala omasuka nthawi yofunda, chotsani kapangidwe kake pa khonde. Musaiwale kupukuta fumbi ndikutsuka ndikuyeretsa m'nyumba. Yesani kuchotsa zoyeserera mwamphamvu mchipindacho (zatsimikiziridwa kuti phokoso sililekerera bwino komanso kuzimiririka mwachangu).

• Sungani mbewu pafupi ndi zipatso kwanthawi yayitali (chomeracho chimayamba kumasula ammonia nthawi yayitali),
• kukoka maluwa kuchokera phula,
• kuyika mabasiketi pafupi ndi malo otentha,
• thirirani chomera pamadzi.

Ndizo zonse. Sikoyenera kukhala katswiri wa maluwa kuti mbewu zisangalatse inu momwe zingathere. Njira zonse zomwe tatchulazi sizitenga mphindi 5-10 za nthawi yanu.

Chisamaliro cha maluwa okongoletsa

Maluwa omwe ali m'bokosi la chipewa amafunikira chisamaliro chofanana ndi maluwa omwe ali mudengu kupatula zina. Choyambirira, musatulutse maluwa kuchokera mu oasis, ndizokayikitsa kuti mutha kuwayikanso. Kachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito madzi othirira ndi kachotsekera kautali kuti muchepetse kuyamwa. Ena otulutsa maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito syringe pamenepa. Chachitatu, ndibwino kuchotsa pomwepo masamba omwe agwera pa chinkhupule kuti asayambe kuvunda. Siponji wamaluwa kuchokera m'basiketi kapena bokosi ungagwiritsenso ntchito. Maluwa atatha, amayenera kutsukidwa ndikuwuma, ndikokhapokhanso madzi okha.

Zolemba posamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa odulidwa

Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti maluwa osiyanasiyana amafunika chisamaliro chosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kuyimilira chinkhupule kapena mpweya kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, duwa limatha kuyimirira mu siponji kwa masiku 30 ngati mukuthirira ndi madzi owiritsa. Cloves adzakusangalatsani kwa milungu iwiri popanda chisamaliro chapadera. Maluwa a masika monga irises, tulips ndi daffodils amakonda chinyezi ozizira. Siponji komwe amayimapo amatha kumazisunga ndi madzi oundana. Koma peonies amakonda madzi ofunda, chifukwa kuthirira kwawo kumatha kuwotha, kapena kukakamizidwa kutentha kwa firiji. Freesias imazimiririka mosiyanasiyana, nthambi zomwe zidayimbidwapo zimayenera kuchotsedwa pakapangidwe. Hippeastrum si duwa lokhalitsa kwambiri; imatha kuyimirira siponji pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Orchid ndiwofunika kwambiri: ngati mutapumira pa bud mukathirira, ndiye kuti madzi omwe agwera pamiyala amatha kuyambitsa mawanga.

Kusamalira Hat

Maphwando a tulips omwe ali mu bokosi la chipewa amasiyana ndi ena onse chifukwa chofukiza chamaluwa sichikhala pansi. Tulips wokutidwa ndi kanema wamadzi ndi osakaniza michere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maluwa oterowo amatha kuyimilira popanda tsiku limodzi. Tsiku lotsatira, muyenera kutulutsa maluwa m'bokosilo, kumatsuka, kudula ndikukhazikitsa malo osungiramo madzi osungika koma madzi okhazikika ndikuwonjezera osakaniza.

kuwunika "kochepa" ... ngati kuti mwachangu kwina