Chum nsomba ya Chum imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yosamukasamuka ku banja la nsomba. Pakadali pano monga nsomba zam'mbuyomu, nsombayi ndiyosangalatsidwa ndi mafakitale chifukwa cha nyama yamtengo wapatali komanso yosafunikira.
Kwa nzika zakum'mawa kwa Far, chum chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la makumi awiri, makamaka ku Russia, panali nsomba zamtundu wamtundu wa salmon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa anthu ake. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zachilengedwe zikuipiraipira kwambiri.
Panthawi imeneyi, kunalibe zosankha ndipo chumacho chidatengedwa ndikutetezedwa ndi boma. Chifukwa cha zochitika ngati izi, zinali zotheka kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa nsomba zokoma izi. Masiku ano, zida zake zamagetsi zimapezeka pokhapokha ngati muli ndi zilolezo.
Chum General
Ngati titha kusamalira mayendedwe amoyo, titha kusiyanitsa nyengo ziwiri. Nthawi yoyamba ya moyo wake imadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe imayamba kuyambira kubadwa kwake, mpaka kutha. Mpaka pano, nsombazi zimalima ma expans aku nyanja ndi nyanja zamchere, komanso malire am'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ndi kutha kwa msambo, nsomba imapeza zinthu zosiyana siyana: nsomba zimachita ukali, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasintha kwambiri. Amayamba kusonkhana m'masukulu akulu ndikusamukira kumapiri. Kufika kumtunda kwa mitsinje, kutsutsana ndi zam'mbuyo, imayikira mazira, kenako nkufa. Pambuyo pazimera mwachangu, ndi nthawi yoyamba kupeza mphamvu, ndikukhala m'madzi atsopano. Kupeza nyonga ndi nyonga, mchere wa salmon pang'onopang'ono umalowa munyanja ndikukhala zaka zingapo pamenepo mpaka atayikira mazira ndipo moyo wawo umayima.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Magawo osinthika a nsomba samveka bwino chifukwa cha kusowa kwazinthu zasayansi. Ichthyologists amati oimira akale kwambiri a nsomba zamasiku ano adalipo m'mitsinje ya North America zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Linali laling'ono kukula komanso lofanana ndi imvi pamaonekedwe ndi moyo wawo. Chifukwa choti nthumwi za banja ili zinayenera kukhala moyo wovuta kwambiri munthawi ya chisinthiko, amakhala tcheru kwambiri ndikusintha kwa moyo wawo.
Malinga ndi zojambula za mphanga, titha kunena kuti makolo akale amakono a salmon amakono adakhala kale pagombe la Pacific zaka 10 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitundu ina ya nsomba imakhala m'madziwe akuluakulu.
Kodi chum chikuwoneka bwanji?
Mpaka pomwe nsomba imatha kuponyera mazira kale, thupi lake limakhala ndi siliva, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu komanso odutsa. Chumu cha Chum chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amtundu wokhala ndi nyama yofiyira yowala. Nsomba zikayamba kukonzekera kupita kukatola, thupi lake limakhala ndi machitidwe osiyana ndi nthawi yakukhwima.
Malo amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa mandala amawonekera pamtundu wa chum, ndipo utoto wonse umasandulika chikasu. Nthawi yomweyo, zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kukula kwake, makamaka m'lifupi. Khungu lake limameta ndipo mamba ake amayamba kuwonda. Nsagwada za nsomba ndi zopindika komanso mano okumbika a kukula kwakukulu kumawonekera. Mafuta a chum atayamba kutuluka, ndiye kuti amatenga tint yakuda kwambiri ndipo pompano mphindi iyi ndi yopanda phindu.
Kanema: Keta
Mitundu yambiri yamafuta inangosowa. Mtundu umodzi wamitundu yodabwitsa komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe yasowa akuti ndi nsomba yotentha kwambiri. Idatchedwa kambuku wamasamba-owaza chifukwa chakukhala ndi nsomba zazitali, zazingwe. Kutalika kwawo kunafika masentimita 5-6 mwa anthu akuluakulu.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri m'mbiri komanso kusinthika kwa mankhwala a chum salmon idabwera zaka pafupifupi 2,5 miliyoni zapitazo. Inali nthawi imeneyi ma salmonid omwe amagawidwa m'mitundu mitundu, iliyonse yomwe inkakhala mdera lawo.
Kukula ndi kulemera kwa nsomba
Keta imatha kukula mpaka kukula.Malinga ndi deta ya boma, munthu wamkulu kwambiri anali wamtali mita imodzi ndi kulemera kwa 16 kg. Nthawi yomweyo, nzika zokhala ku Khabarovsk Territory zimati anthu, kutalika kwa 1.5 metres, amabwera mumtsinje wa Okhota, ngakhale sizipezeka kawirikawiri. Chum salimoni ikuphulika, pafupifupi, imafikira kutalika kwa mamitala 0,5, ngati ndi nkhomaliro yachilimwe, ndipo ngati nthawi yozizira, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 70 cm ndi zina zambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi chum chikuwoneka bwanji?
Woimira uyu wa banja la salimoni amatha nthawi yayitali m'madzi am'nyanja. Motere, imakhala ndi mtundu wamba wa okhala m'madzi: siliva-buluu wokhala ndi mafunde ochepa. Kudera lam'mbuyo, nsomba zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, m'malo am'mimba ndizopepuka. Mtunduwu umalola kuti nsombazo zisaoneke mu mzere wamadzi ndi pansi. Chum ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Zizindikiro zakunja:
- thupi lalikulu lamtundu, lalitali,
- mbali zopindika pang'ono, zolimba,
- mapiko a caudal ndi adipose amasamukira pang'ono kumchira ndipo ali ndi nthenga 8 mpaka 11,
- Mutu ndikokulira motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi lalikulu ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe a chulu,
- Pakamwa pamakhala pakamwa, pakamwa paliponse pali mano.
- Kulibe mawanga amdima ndi mkamwa pakamwa,
- thupi lakutidwa ndi m'miyeso yaying'ono,
- pali ndalama yayikulu yopitilira yopanda mphako.
Chosangalatsa: Panthawi yowerengera, mawonekedwe a nsomba amasintha kwambiri. Thupi limakula ndikukulirakulira, mawonekedwe amtumbo kumbuyo. Nsagwada zimakhala zokulirapo, mano amawombera ndikukhala okulirapo komanso lalitali. Mtundu umakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, wachikasu, wobiriwira kapena maolivi. Mikwingwirima ya Lilac kapena rasipiberi imawoneka patsogolo la thupi, lomwe limada pakapita nthawi.
Nsomba zina zimatha kukula mpaka kukula kwambiri. Kutulutsa thupi kumatha kufika masentimita 60-80, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira 10 kilogalamu.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati mukukhulupirira deta yotsogola, ndiye kuti kukula kwa thupi la chum salmon inali mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo misa ndi 16 kilogalamu!
Nsomba zomwe zimakonda kupalasa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50-65. Kukula kwakuthupi kwamalimwe kwa chilimwe kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kukula kwa chum nyengo yachisanu.
Habitat
Ketu amatha kupezeka ku Pacific. Amatchedwa cheke chifukwa amakhala m'madzi am'nyanja, ndipo amapita kukawoneka m'mitsinje yamadzi a Far East, Asia ndi North America - kuchokera pagombe la California kupita ku Alaska yomwe.
Mitundu ya nsomba imeneyi imadyera kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, pafupi ndi madzi otentha a Kuro-Sivo, omwe amaphatikizapo nyanja ngati Nyanja ya Okhotsk, Nyanja ya Bering ndi Nyanja ya Japan. Kwenikweni, amawongolera malo osungirako madzi, akuya kwa mita 10 kuchokera kumtunda.
Pofika kumapeto kwa kasupe, imayamba kupita kumadera akumwera kumpoto kwa America ndi Canada, Far East, kukafika kugombe la Asia ku South Korea ndi Japan. Mafesi ambiri a chum salmon amalowa m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yomwe ili mu beseni la Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Komanso, imapezeka m'mitsinje ya Siberia monga Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka ndi Yana.
Pakapita kanthawi, masukuluwo amagawidwa kukhala anthu okhwima pakugonana komanso osakhwima. Anthu omwe sanakonzekere kutuluka amabwerera ndi kubwerera kum'mwera. Zofananira zomwezo zomwe zikukonzekera kuyikira mazira zimatumizidwa kumalo osungirako, komwe sizidzabweranso.
Kodi chumamu chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Keta ku Russia
Chum salmon amatha nthawi yayitali yonse moyo wake m'matupi amchere amchere pafupi ndi gombe. Malo okhala salmon ndi malo okhala ku Pacific. Mwachizolowezi kuitanitsa nsomba kuti ikudutsa chifukwa imakhaladi m'madzi am'madzi, ndikupita kukawotcha pakamwa kamtsinje kuti iphukire. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pakufunafuna nsomba zamchere zimayesetsa kupeza pakamwa penipeni pa mitsinjeyo, pomwe idachokera ngati udzu. Kukula kumachitika m'mitsinje yamadzi oyera ku Far East, mayiko aku Asia, ndi North America kuchokera ku California kupita ku Alaska.
Monga madera amoyo okhazikika ndi chakudya, nsomba imasankha madzi ofunda a Pacific Ocean - madzi apansi pa Kuro-Sivo.
Malo omwe nsomba za mchere zimapezeka:
Zomera zimapezeka pakamwa pa mitsinje. Munthawi imeneyi, nsomba zimatha kupezeka m'mitsinje monga Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana, Penzhira, Poronaya, Okhota, etc. Keta ndi nsomba yopanda madzi. Anthu ambiri amakhala pamtunda wosaposa 10 metres. Nsomba zimatha gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo posamukira komwe amapezeka. Nthawi imeneyi imatha kutalika kwa zaka 2.5 mpaka 10.
A Ichthyologists amati mwa oimira onse a banja la nsomba omwe amakhala mu Pacific Ocean, ndi salmon yomwe ili ndi malo ambiri kwambiri. M'madera ena a Russia, makamaka, ku Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin, chum salmon amakhala m'madziwe opangidwira kuti azigulitsa nsomba kuti azigulitsa mafakitale.
Kodi nsomba zamchere zimadya chiyani?
Zakudya za chum salmon zimaphatikizapo ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana, ma mollusks, komanso nsomba zazing'ono monga hering'i ndikusungunuka. Salmon ikamera, imakana chakudya, ndipo imagaya chakudya m'matumbo. Nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa monga momwe panthawiyi imagwidwa ndikugwira, pomwe nsomba za nyambo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo, kapena zojambulajambula. Izi sizikugwirizana chifukwa chakuti akufuna kudya phwando lalikulu, koma chifukwa choti mwanjira inayake amateteza ana ake amtsogolo ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
Nsomba zamtchire zikabadwa, zimayamba kudyera tizilombo tonse ndi mitembo ya makolo awo.
Njira zoberekera
Keta, pakubala, imagawidwa mchilimwe komanso yophukira. Njira yowerengera chuma cha chilimwe imachitika kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala. Chuma chimasankha malo oti zitheke mosamala kwambiri. Monga lamulo, awa ndi malo omwe pali pebu pansi ndi phokoso, osati lamphamvu. Nthawi zina nyengo yamvula ikayamba, madzi amatha kugwa pansi, kufa kwa ana kumatheka. Autumn chum salmon samayendetsedwa ndi nyengo yozizira, chifukwa amasankha malo omwe amapangika pomwe malo osungirako pansi panthaka amamenya.
Chumu la la Chum limadziwika ndi kuyikira mazira akuluakulu, m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 7.5 mm. Akazi amakonzekera bwino ntchitoyi. Amakumba mabowo pansi, ndipo atayika mazira mosamala kuphimba mazira ndi miyala. Imatha kukhala mulibe m'mphepete mwamitunda ya 2 mpaka 3 mita ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 mpaka 2 metres. Pokonza mazira, amuna amathamangitsa nsomba iliyonse posambira pafupi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Chum m'madzi
Woimira uyu wa banja la salimoni ali ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu kuti abwerere kumalo obadwira. Keta pafupifupi peresenti ya milandu nthawi yochulukitsa amasambira kupita kumalo komwe iye mwini anabadwira. Khalidwe ili lomwe lidakhala chofunikira kwambiri momwe akatswiri azanenedwe adagawa chum salmon m'magulu awiri molingana ndi chikhalidwe cha malo - North American ndi Asia. Mu vivo, msonkhano wawo suwachotsedwa.
M'madera a Russian Federation, taxon waku Asia amakhala ndi oswana.
Kutengera ndi malo omwe akukhalako, ichthyologists adazindikira mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu:
- taxon wakumpoto
- Sakhalin,
- Amur
- Nyanja ya Okhotsk.
Fry itasandulika kukhala anthu okhwima, achikulire, samakhalabe m'mitsinje, ngati nthumwi zina za banja la nsomba. Kuti apange unyinji wokwanira wa thupi, umapita munyanja zaka zingapo. Poyamba, anthu okhwima omwe anali ogonera anali kunyanja. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya tsiku lililonse, kulemera kwa thupi la nsomba kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 2.5-3%. Pamenepo, kukula kwa nsomba kudzafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40, kumapita kukafunafuna dera lomwe kuli chakudya chokwanira. Nthawi zambiri maulendo oterewa amatha zaka zingapo.
Nsomba ya Chum salmon si nsomba yokhayokha; imasonkhana m'masukulu ambiri. Ambiri aiwo amakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Pacific Ocean. Masika akafika ndipo madzi afundira, amasamukira kugombe lakumpoto kwa America.Pakapita kanthawi, nkhosa zambiri zimagawidwa kuti zikhale zokhazokha komanso zopanda mwana. Zisomba zomwe sizinafike chifukwa chotaya mazira zimatumizidwa kumadera akumwera. Mwana wankhuku akamakula ndikukula, amasintha kukhala mdani weniweni.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka zapakati pa 3.5 mpaka 6.5. Nyengo yoyamba kubereka imatsegulidwa ndi anthu amtundu wa chilimwe. Azimayi ambiri omwe amatuluka mumsomba wachichepere, yemwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Makumi khumi ndi atatu okha ndi akazi ali ndi zaka zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Oimira fomu ya chilimwe amayamba kutuluka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koyambilira kwa nyengo yophukira, ndendende nthawi imeneyo pamene madzi amatentha kwambiri ndipo kutentha kwake sikumatsika madigiri 14. Oimira a nthawi yophukira amasintha ndendende ndi nthawi yozizira. Malo abwino kuponyera mazira si malo ozama kwambiri, pomwe kuya kwake sikupita mamita awiri. Kutuluka m'malo ngati amenewa sikuyenera kukhala kolimba, ndipo miyala, miyala ndi miyala kapena miyala yoyera ndiyoyenera bwino ngati pansi.
Malo abwino kwambiri akapezeka, wamkazi amakonzera malo kuti azinunkha. Choyamba, mothandizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yamphamvu, amatsuka pansi pamalo omwe adzaphulika. Pambuyo pake, momwemonso, amagogoda dzenje pansi pansi, kuya kwake komwe kumatha kufika theka la mita. Mu dzenje lirilonse, mkazi m'modzi amatha kuyikira mazira pafupifupi 6-7. Unyinji wonse wa caviar umatha kufika kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka mpaka awiri. Kenako anyaniwo amadzaza manyowa, ndipo chachikazi mosamala amakumba pansi.
Nsomba ya Chum ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi chonde kwambiri. Wamkazi m'modzi amatha kukhala atatu kapena anayi mwa timitengo tosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Chochititsa chidwi: Atayikira mazira ndikutulutsa, nsomba zonse zimafa mkati mwa mwezi umodzi. Nthawiyi imagawidwa mwachilengedwe kuti nsomba zizitha kusiya malo omwe zimapezeka ndikugawika mumtsinje kuti tipeze tsoka lachilengedwe.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupifupi masiku 120-140. Pambuyo pa nthawi yino, mazira amawoneka kuchokera mazira, omwe amayikidwa m'chiwaya chapadera cha yolk. Imagwira ntchito yoteteza ndipo imalola mazira kukula popanda kusiya malo oti aziikira mazira. Kutuluka koyamba kwa mwachangu wachikulire kumachitika kumapeto - Epulo, koyambirira kwa Meyi. Munthawi imeneyi, mwachangu amasonkhana m'magulu ndikubisala kumera zam'mera, miyala. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wamizeremizere, mwachangu amatha kusadziwidwa ndi adani ambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a ket
Chithunzi: Kodi chum chikuwoneka bwanji?
Chum adasinthidwa bwino kuti azikhala panyanja yayitali. Ali ndi utoto wabwino kwambiri, womwe umamupangitsa kuti asamangodikira nyama, kuphatikiza ndi pansi, kapena madzi am'nyanja, komanso kubisala motere kwa adani. Komabe, akadali ndi adani achilengedwe okwanira. Pa gawo lililonse la kukula kwake, amakhala ndi adani ambiri. Nyama zina zodya nyama zam'madzi zimawononga nsomba zamchere mwa kudya mazira ake ndi nyama mwachangu, komanso akuluakulu.
Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe a mwachangu:
Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi adani osati mkati mwa nyanja. Ali ndi adani okwanira okhala padziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti imatha kusambira m'madzi osaya ndikukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Adani achikulire:
Malo apadera pakati pa adani a nsomba amapatsidwa kwa munthu. Amamugulitsa pamsika wamafuta. Nyama yake yophika ndi yofiira ndi yamtengo wapatali. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi nsomba zamtunduwu zimadziwika kuti ndizopatsa thanzi, zaluso kwambiri, ndipo zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ngakhale pakati pa gourmets.
Ketu amagwidwa akugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ndi maukonde. Kudera la Russian Federation, nsomba za salmon zimagwidwa pakati pa mitsinje komanso m'chigawo cha nyanja.Zomera zopangira nsomba zikumangidwa pafupi ndi malo akuluakulu asodzi kuti zisawononge nyama ndi caviar.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa nsomba mdziko lapansi si nkhawa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi ntchito yayitali yobereka. Komabe, ku Russia, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi. Izi zinkathandizidwa ndi usodzi wosalamulirika komanso kuchuluka kwa ozizira. Kuti achepetse kupha nsomba kumadera okhala zachilengedwe, malo opangira zida zapadera adapangidwa ku Sakhalin ndi Kamchatka, momwe nsomba zimaberekera mafakitale.
Ku Russia, kuyang'aniridwa kwa nsomba kumayang'anira zigawo za nsomba zomwe zimapezeka ndikumenya asodzi. Komanso kuchuluka kwa nsomba za mchere kumakhala kotetezedwa ndi malamulo kuti asagwidwe osalamulirika pamafakitale. Usodzi wamba, monga kusodza kwa mafakitale, umaloledwa kupezeka chilolezo ndikupeza chiphaso chapadera.
Kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamchere kunalimbikitsidwa ndikugwidwa kwakukulukulu ndi aku Japan pafupifupi theka la zaka zapitazo. Nthawi imeneyo, adabalalitsa maulalo pamalire ndi USSR pamtunda wa 15,000 km. Chifukwa cha izi, chum sakanatha kubwerera ku Sakhalin, Kamchatka ndi malo omwe amakhala mwachangu. Apa ndipomwe kuchuluka kwa nsomba kunatsika kwambiri. Kukula kwa anthu omwe analipo izi zisanachitike.
Chum - Woimira wofunika kwambiri ku banja la nsomba. Amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi nyama yokoma komanso yathanzi, komanso caviar wokoma kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba
Chum salmon ndi mtundu wa gulu la nsomba la Pacific, banja la nsomba. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimakhala munyanja, zomwe zimasuntha kumapeto kwa moyo kumitsinje yamadzi abwino kuti ziziswana. Amangokhala nthawi imodzi yokha m'moyo wake, kenako nkufa. Mgawo la nyanja yam'madzi, chum chikuwoneka chodabwitsa kwambiri ngati nsomba. Koma ikafika kumadzi oyera, imasinthidwa kwambiri. Amuna ndi akazi onse amapanga mizere yamiyala yofiyira yowoneka bwino ndi yakuda. Salmon yaying'ono imakhazikika mumtsinje wawo, kuyesera kukhala pafupi ndi gombe kuti atetezedwe kwa olusa. Asanasamuke kupita kunyanja, amakhala ndi msana wakuda komanso kuwala kwa m'mimba. Nsomba zazing'ono zimafunafuna madzi akuya ndikupewera kuwunikirako, pomwe impso ndi gill zimasintha, kuzolowera malo atsopano am'nyanja.
Makhalidwe oyambira amtunduwu:
- dzina lasayansi: Oncorhynchus keta,
- mtundu: Zinyama zomwe zimasamuka (anadromous) kuchokera kumtsinje wamadzi kupita kunyanja koyambirira kwa moyo ndikubwerera kumapeto,
- malo: ku North Pacific Ocean kufalikira kuchokera ku Arctic gombe la Canada mpaka kumpoto kwa North America ndi Asia,
- kufalikira: kokha asanafe,
- nthawi yopangira: mochedwa yophukira - koyambirira kwa Disembala, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha,
- zakudya: mphutsi za tiziromboti, maepepododi, mapira ndi nsomba zingapo.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Atakula, nsomba zazing'ono zamtundu wa msonkho zimakhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwa mzere, wokhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono. Mchirawo umakhala wokwera bwino kwambiri;
Akulu akamayamba kuwaza m'madzi amtsinje, maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a akazi onse amasintha kwambiri. Amuna amataya mtundu wawo wa siliva ndikupeza hue kuchokera ku maolivi akuda mpaka bulauni yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira kapena yofiirira. Mano akumwetulira amawoneka mkamwa, ofanana ndi ma fangs agalu, ndichifukwa chake kumalo ena akunja chum salmon amatchedwa salmon ya galu. Zachikazi zimapakidwa bulauni kapena imvi zomwe zimakhala ndi mzere wamdima wakuda womwe umawoneka mzere wotsatira. Amapanganso mano mano, koma ochepa kwambiri kuposa amphongo.
Salmoni ya Chum yomwe imatuluka mazira imakhala ndi 8- 8 vertical, ofanana matupi akuda omwe sawoloka mzere wotsatira.Mtundu wofanana pakati pa akazi ndi abambo ndi wamtundu wakuda kumbuyo kwake ndi wobiriwira moyera kumunsi kwa mzerewo. Pofika nthawi yosamukira kumalo otseguka, achinyamata amakula mpaka 3-5 cm.
Ndi miyezo ingati, kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake?
Nthawi yayitali yokhala salmon kuthengo ndi kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka 7. Pomwe zimamera, zimayamwa mazira 1,500 mpaka 10,000, koma ndi 10 zokha mwa izo zomwe zimatsala mpaka kutulutsa. Kutalika kwa nsomba yayikulu ndi 60-70 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 4.5-10 kg. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mafuta a salmon kunali 100 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa fanoli kunali 15,9 kg.
Chum alibe mtundu wa nyama womwe wafotokozedwa. Zimangotengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana mu moyo wake wonse. M'malo mwachangu, nsomba zimasinthidwa ndikukhala m'madzi abwino, ndiye, asanatumizidwe kunyanja, thupi lake limasintha ndikusintha mtundu. M'moyo wonse wam'nyanjamo, nsomba zimadyetsa mafuta, ndipo ikafika yayikulu, imayamba kuwoneka mumtsinje womwe udabadwa. Pakadali pano, thupi lake likusinthanso.
Kutulutsa kumachitika kuyambira Juni mpaka Novembala. Zomwe nsomba zomwe zimachokera ku mazira omwe adayikidwa mchilimwe zimatchedwa chum chum, ndipo pambuyo pake - yophukira. Kutentha kwamadzi pa nthawi yooneka mwachangu kudzakhala kosiyana, choncho nsomba ndizosiyana pang'ono kukula ndi kukula. Zoyambira zimawonedwa zokulira.
Dera
Keta imakonda madzi amchere amchere, chifukwa simupeza m'madzi abwino. Mtundu wake waukulu ndi nyanja zam'nyanja kapena nyanja. Dera lalikulu la Pacific ndi Pacific Ocean. Sikuti pachabe amangotcha munthu woyenda payekha. Panthawi yotuluka, amasiya madzi amchere amchere ndikulowa mitsinje yatsopano, nthawi zambiri amafufuza pakamwa pawo, komwe amachokera. Samakonda kuya, kawirikawiri akamasambira kwambiri kuposa 10 m.
Ichthyologists adawona kuti chumacho chokha chomwe chimakhala chochulukirapo. Mdziko lathuli, imadzazidwa m'madziwe oyikiratu omwe amapangidwira mitundu ya nsomba yamtengo wapatali.
Monga tidanenera kale, nsomba za mchere zimagawika m'mitundu: yophukira ndi chilimwe. Kusiyanitsa pakati pawo kuli pa nthawi yofalikira, chonde ndi kukula. Nsomba zodzivulaza zimayamba kugwa. Kuponya kwa Caviar kumayamba mu September ndipo kumatha mu Novembala. Nsomba zampikisanowu ndi zokulirapo, kulemera kwake kumafika 20 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake kupitilira 100. Zimayenda mtunda wautali - mpaka 2000 km, zomwe sizinganenedwe za chilimwe. Zikuwonekeratu kuti liwiro lotere ndilofunika kwambiri posodza.
Kuchuluka kwa chilimwe kumachitika mu Ogasiti ndipo kumatha mu Seputembara. Ili ndi kukula kocheperako, kamodzikamodzi kuposa 50 cm.
A Ichthyologists adziwa mitundu iwiri ya nsomba: Asia ndi North American.
Kutengera mtundu wake, nsomba zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
Palinso mtundu wa Sakhalin, womwe tafotokoza kale pamwambapa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, ndikusintha kuchokera ku mwachangu ndikukhala munthu wokhwima, nsomba zimapita m'madzi amchere kwa zaka zingapo ndikuwonjezera unyinji wawo kumeneko. Choyamba, amatsatira malo obisika pafupi ndi gombe, kenako, atakhala kutalika kwa 35 cm ndipo atapeza mphamvu pang'ono, amapita pa "ulendo "kufunafuna chakudya chochuluka. Kusamukira ku chum salmon kumatha kukhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka zingapo. Koma sizinganenedwe kuti nsombayo imasungulumwa ndipo imasambira yokha. Imakumana m'magulu ambiri, omwe amatha kukhala owopsa, makamaka nthawi yopanda zipatso.
Ngati zooplankton, mphutsi ndi zotsalira za nsomba zakufa ndizokwanira munthu wachinyamata, ndiye kuti nsomba zazikulu za salmon zimafunanso chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chimatha kukhala nsomba zazing'ono, monga hering kapena kusungunuka, crustaceans, mollusks, etc. Nthawi yotalikilapo zaka 7.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa nsomba zamchere ndi pinki?
Salimoni ya pinki, monga salimoni, ndi wa banja la nsomba. Ali ndi mamba owala pang'ono ndi mamba. Panthawi yophukira, iye, monga "m'bale" wake, amasintha mtundu. Chowoneka ndi kupezeka kwa malo amdima kumbuyo ndi mchira.
Ndi yaying'ono kukula. Nyama ya nsomba ya pinki imakhala yofinya komanso mafuta kwambiri kuposa mafuta a salmon, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi zakudya zake. Muli zochulukirapo komanso zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, ngakhale sizikhala zazikulu.
Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri:
- Sayizi: chum ndichopambana kuposa nsomba za pinki.
- Mtundu: nsomba ya salmon ili ndi siliva wosalala, nsomba za pinki zimakhala ndi mthunzi wowala.
- Makala oyesa: Salmoni za pinki zimakhala ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi nsomba za chum.
- Nyama: mu salimoni ya pinki, imakhala yosalala komanso yofinya, koma ku salimoni, imakhala yofatsa.
- Kukula kwa mazira: mu chum ndi okulirapo kuposa salimoni ya pinki, komanso yowala.
- Ubwino wa caviar: nsomba za pinki zimatengedwa kuti ndizodzaza komanso zachifundo, chifukwa chake zimakhala zamtengo wapatali.
Kuphatikizika ndi zopatsa mphamvu
Kuthandiza komanso kufunika kwa chinthu chilichonse chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Mu nyama ya chum nsomba, kuchuluka kwa mchere, mavitamini, acid wofunikira m'thupi la munthu, komanso ma macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri.
Mwa mavitamini, ndikuyenera kuwunikira maguluwo:
Ndikofunikira kuti nsombayi ikhale ndi ma omega-6 ndi -3 acids, omwe amatha kuchepetsa kukalamba ndi kuvala kwa thupi, komanso kuthandizira magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zina.
Ndikufuna makamaka kuwunikira zinthu zotsatirazi zomwe zimapezeka munyama:
Kalori chuma chotsika. Pali 127 kcal kokha pa 100 g ya mankhwala. Koma zopatsa mphamvu za kalori zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kukonzekera kwake. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mumchere, umakhala wofanana ndi 184 kcal, ndipo utakhazikika, umachulukana nthawi zina ndipo umakhala wofanana ndi 225 kcal. Izi ndizofunikira kwa anthu omwe akuwona mawonekedwe awo ndikukhala wonenepa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndizambiri:
Phindu lonse
Ketu amatha kufotokozedwa motetezeka monga mankhwala azakudya momwe michere imasowa kwathunthu, koma pali mapuloteni ambiri. Nyama yothandiza kwa iwo omwe, chifukwa cha thanzi, amaletsa zoletsa kudya.
Timawunikira zabwino zazikulu za nyama ya chum:
- Imayendetsa magwiridwe antchito aubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lamanjenje.
- Muli ndi ma antioxidants, chifukwa chake limasintha thupi, mosakayikira limayambitsa kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka tsitsi, mbale za msomali ndi khungu.
- Zothandiza pa ntchito ya mtima.
- Zimawongolera kaonedwe ka munthu.
- Chifukwa cha phosphorous imalimbitsa mano, mafupa, tsitsi ndi misomali.
- Kuchulukitsa hemoglobin, chifukwa chake ndikothandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi magazi m'thupi.
- Amathandizira thupi kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana, chimfine ndi matenda ena komanso mabakiteriya oyipa.
- Amasintha kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.
- Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupewa matenda a thrombosis ndi atherosulinosis.
- Imatsuka thupi ku slagging ndi cholesterol yosafunikira.
- Imasintha zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukweza mtima ndi thanzi, kuthetsa nkhawa.
- Zimatsuka chiwindi ndikuthandizira maselo a ziwalo kuti achepetse mwachangu.
- Zotsatira zabwino pakubereka.
Pano, gawo lokhalo lazinthu zofunikira ndi zofunika kwa munthu zalembedwa, koma pali zochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, tikambirana mosiyana pagulu lirilonse.
Kwa akazi
Nyama ya Chum ndipo makamaka caviar yake idzabweretsa mwana wachiwiri kwa mkazi. Adzakonzanso khungu, kubwezeretsa kuwala ndi kutayika kwa tsitsi ndi misomali. Ngati mumaganizira kuti nsombazo ndizochepa-zopatsa mphamvu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwopa mapaundi owonjezera ndi chithunzi chowonongeka.
Chofunikira kwa akazi ndichoti ma omega acids, omwe amadziwika kuti amatha kuchepetsa kuchepa ndikukonzanso thupi, amapezeka mu nyama ya nsomba. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa methionine, ntchito zamatumbo ndi chiwindi zimayenda bwino, komanso maiko ovutitsanso mtima amathandizika, kusintha kumakhala bwino.
Keta caviar yomwe ili ndi vitamini E imapindulitsanso amayi, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kukhazikitsa ntchito zobereka. Zimadziwika kuti zimathandizira kubereka, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kubereka ana.
Kwa amuna
Kwa theka lolimba, makamaka kwa osewera, chum salmon imakhala ndi phindu pa minofu yambiri. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni okwanira mmenemo, minofu imakhala yolimba ndikuwonjezeka. Ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, nsomba zimatha kuyika munthu pamapazi ake, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa abambo.
Nutritionists amaona fillet ya chum salmon ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chothandiza kuti mtima ukhale bwino ndi mitsempha yamagazi.Chifukwa cha ma omega-3 ndi -6 acids, komanso magnesium, nsomba zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kugwidwa ndi matenda a mtima.
Kwa amuna, osati nyama yokha, komanso caviar imakhala yothandiza, chifukwa imawerengedwa ngati aphrodisiac yofunikira yomwe ingathandize ndi kusabereka.
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera
Chum ali pamndandanda wa nsomba zovomerezeka za amayi apakati. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, mutha kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndikupatsa mwana wosabadwayo chilichonse chofunikira kuti akule bwino. Chifukwa cha zinthu zofunika, monga omega-3, chitetezo chokwanira chimakulitsidwa, mafupa amalimbikitsidwa. Zinthu zomwe zili mu nsomba ndizofunikira kwa mwana wosabadwa kuti apangidwe moyenera ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo ndi ubongo wamanjenje. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ana obadwa kwa azimayi omwe adadya nsomba zofiira panthawi yoyembekezera amakhala patsogolo pa anzawo kuti akule.
Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nsomba zamchere, zouma kapena zosuta sizingathandize kwambiri monga zophika kapena zophika zophika zimatha kupereka. Zakudya zamatenda zimaloledwanso, bola ngati ndizabwino kwambiri.
Mukamadyetsa
Amadziwika kuti nthawi ya mkaka wa m'mawere, i.e. pambuyo pobadwa, mkazi amakhala ndi kusowa kwa mapuloteni m'thupi lake. Ndipo popeza nsomba zofiira zimakola thupi mosavuta, ndizotheka kudzaza kuchepa kwa zinthu zofunikira munthawi yochepa.
Kwa mwana, michere yofunika yomwe ili mu mnofu wa nsomba siyingothandiza, komanso yofunikira. Chifukwa cha ayodini, seleniamu, calcium ndi phosphorous, mafupa a mwana amalimbitsa, magazi amapezeka bwino, ndipo tulo timagwira. Mwanjira ina, fillet ya nsomba imalola mayi weniweniyo kuti akhalenso ndi mphamvu, ndipo mwana - amakula msanga komanso kukula.
Musanawonjezere chuma chanu m'zakudya zanu, muyenera kuyang'anira zomwe zimachitika mwana. Ngati alibe zizindikiro za ziwengo, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zomwe zimapangidwa pang'ono. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti ndibwino kukana kusuta kapena mchere wamchere kapena kumwa pang'ono. Ndikwabwino kudya nsomba yophika, yophika kapena yovuta.
Kwa ana
Ndikofunika kuti ana apereke chum. Kuphatikizidwa kwa nyama kumaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zofunika ndi mchere wothandiza mwana. Chifukwa chake, thiamine, yomwe imakhala mu fillet ya nsomba, imayendetsa ubongo, imawonjezera kugwira ntchito komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Chifukwa cha phosphorous, minofu yamafupa imalimbitsidwa. Vitamini A, yemwe ndi wokwanira mu nsomba, amasintha masomphenya.
Kumwa nsomba pafupipafupi kumalimbitsa thupi kukana mabakiteriya oyipa osiyanasiyana komanso matenda, kuphatikizapo chimfine.
Mukamachepetsa thupi
Anthu omwe akufuna kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera amatha kuphika mankhwala a salmon kapena kuwawasa. Ndi njira yotsiriza yophikira, nyamayi imakhala yowutsa mudyo komanso yofatsa. Kuti mumve kukoma kwakubwino, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mandimu atsopano ndi zitsamba. Mutha kuphika nsomba poyika zinthu zonse zomwe zatchulidwa mu zojambulazo. Zimatenga theka la ola kuti nsomba yophika ikhale yokonzeka.
Othandizira zakudya zam'madzi amati zakudya zam'nyanja sizothandiza zokha, komanso zofunikira kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri. Keta imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazakudya zololedwa kuti muchepetse thupi chifukwa chokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu.
Ndi kapamba
Wodwala kapamba ayenera kusamala ndi zakudya zam'madzi. Sizoletsedwa kuzidya zamtundu uliwonse panthawi yomwe matenda akuchulukirachulukira! Koma munthawi ya chikhululukiro, amaloledwa kuyambitsa nsomba yazakudya zoyenera, zomwe mafuta a salmon ndi ake. Sayenera kudyedwa nthawi zonse, ngakhale ili ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ndikwabwino kumadzilowetsa m'mavuto ocheperako pang'ono pang'ono kuposa kukhala ndi ululu wosapilira mwezi umodzi.
Ndi gastritis
Ketu wa gastritis osavomerezeka. Koma mukaganiziranso njira yophikira nyama, ndiye kuti mutha kudya pang'ono. Simungadye fillet yophika butha kapena osavala musanafike. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Koma yophika, yophika ndi zojambulazo kapena zovekedwa zophika zimaloledwa kutengedwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi gastritis, koma osati munthawi ya kukokomeza.
Kodi chum salmon caviar ndi chothandiza
Ndiwothandiza mosakayikira.Chakudya choterocho ndichosungira mchere, ma macro- ndi ma microelements, mavitamini, ma acid acid ofunika kwa anthu. Timayika mndandanda wazofunikira za caviar zokha kwa anthu:
- imadzaza ndi kukhuta thupi ndi zinthu zofunika,
- imalimbikitsa ntchito za ubongo, imakumbukira kukumbukira,
- amachotsa cholesterol yoyipa, komanso amachotsa poizoni,
- imathandizira njira zochizira minyewa pama cellular,
- amatulutsa kukakamiza
- imaletsa thrombosis, imalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi,
- imathandizira kukhazikitsa zochitika zamtima,
- imalepheretsa mapangidwe ndi zotupa za khansa,
- amawongolera shuga
- imaletsa mitsempha ya varicose,
- imathandizira machiritso a mabala, abrasions, mabala, ndi zina. pakhungu la munthu
- imalimbitsa minofu yamafupa
- ili ndi zinthu zina zofunikira chifukwa chazofunikira.
Mchere
Timapereka Chinsinsi chosavuta. Tikufuna caviar ya chum salmon, yomwe kale idachotsedwa pamtembo. M'matumba a film adayika mazira. Ayenera kuchotsedwa pamenepo. Kuti muchite izi, muzitsuka matumba m'madzi otentha. Iyenera kukhala yamchere, chifukwa mazira amatha kulimbitsa madzi atsopano. Tengani 30 g amchere pa lita imodzi. Tatha kupinya, pukutani filimuyo ndi manja athu kuti igulike m'manja, ndikuyang'amba. Chotsani mazira mu mbale ina.
Tsopano tikuyamba kukonza brine. Tikufuna 200 ml ya madzi otentha, koma osatentha, koma ofunda! Sakanizani ndi mchere. Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumakhala payekha. Kuti muwone kukonzekera kwa brine, mutha kuponyera mbatata yaying'ono pamenepo. Ngati ikwera, ndiye kuti pali mchere wokwanira.
Thirani caviar ndi brine ndikusiya mchere. Kuthira mchere kumafuna osachepera maola atatu. Pambuyo pa nthawiyo, timathira madziwo. Timakonzanso brine ina, yofanana ndi yapita, ndikutsuka mazira ndi iyo. Timawiritsa mitsuko ndi lids ndikuyika caviar mwa iwo. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito muli ndi magalasi. Dzazani mazira ndi mafuta amasamba (150 ml), kutseka zotsekazo ndikuzitumiza ku firiji kuti zisungidwe.
Kuvulaza ndi zotsutsana
Nsomba sizimagwirizana konsekonse, koma anthu omwe amakonda kuchita ziwengo ayenera kusamala nazo kapena kuzichotsera pachakudya chawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zochita za mapuloteni kapena makamaka zakudya zam'nyanja zadziwika. Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito salmon ngati pali zizindikiro zotsutsana ndi malonda anu.
Nsomba yokazinga m'mafuta imaphatikizidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mavuto amitsempha yamagazi, mtima, chiwindi kapena impso. Ndikofunika kuwira nyama kapena nthenga. Chifukwa chake zidzakhalanso zokoma, ndipo koposa zonse - zotetezeka.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusunga
Kwa ogula osadziwa, pali maupangiri posankha nyama yoyenera "yoyenera" ya chum. Sizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi nsomba zotsika mtengo, monga nsomba zamtundu wa rose, chifukwa chake nkoyenera kutsatira upangiri wa akatswiri kuti asanyengedwe ndi ogulitsa osakhulupirika.
- Calm nsomba ya Chum ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa nsomba zamtundu wa pinki kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Ngati kulemera kwapakati pamapeto kumangokhala makilogalamu atatu okha, ndiye kuti chumacho chikhala ndi makilogalamu 5-6 kapena kupitirira.
- Nyama ya salimoni yatsopano yachinyamata imakhala yotuwa nthawi zonse.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kununkhira nyamayo. Kununkhira kwatsopano kwa nsomba kukuwonetsa kuti nsomba yotchedwa chum salmon idagwidwa posachedwa.
- Ndikofunika kuyang'anira maso. Sayenera kukhala matope.
- Ndiosafunika kusankha mtembo wokhala ndi mabala, mawanga kapena abrasions.
- Muyenera kuyesa kuyang'ana kutalika kwa nyama. Ngati mungodina nyama yanyanjayo, imazimiririka ndipo thupi la nsomba litatenga mawonekedwe ake, ndiye kuti mutha kulitenga. Ngati dentiyo ikatsalirabe, ndiye kuti nsomba ya salmon siyatsopano.
- Chuma chatsopano chimakhala ndi thupi loterera.
Kusunga
Kutengera ndi momwe nsombayo ilili, zosankha zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zatsopano
Salmon yatsopano ikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji kwa masiku osaposa masiku awiri, ndiye kuti china chake chofunikira kuphika mwachangu, apo ayi nsomba idzazimiririka. Musanatumize kuti isungidwe, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yokonzekera, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa kuchokera pamamba ndikuchotsa zonyamula.Kenako muzimutsuka bwino, ndikuwumitsa ndi thaulo zamapepala, ndikuyika mu mbale ina ndikuphimba ndi chivindikiro. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yowuma kapena thumba loyera la pulasitiki. Zosungidwa kuti zisungidwe zitha kukhala mchere kapena madzi a mandimu atsopano.
Amchere
Salmon yothiridwa mchere itha kusungidwa kunyumba nthawi yayitali kuposa mwatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, moyo wa alumali wa nsomba zamchere ndi masiku atatu, ndipo wamchere wosindidwa mu vacuum - 1 mwezi. Masiku 30 ovomerezeka kuti asunge nsomba zamchere kwambiri.
Kutukula moyo wa alumali wa chum salmon, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta azipatso momwe mungayikitsire nsomba kapena nyama yonse. Kenako nthawiyo iwonjezeka mpaka miyezi itatu.
Mutha kuthira mchere nokha, pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo onse komanso njira zopewera mchere. Salmon yothiridwa mchere moyenera, yophika panokha, ikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji kwa masiku 25.
Kusuta
Mitundu yansomba yofiira nthawi zambiri imasuta kutentha kapena kuzizira. Mawu oti nsomba yophika kale ndi masiku atatu, osatinso, pomwe nsomba zonenepa kwambiri, mpaka masiku 10. Ndikofunika kusunga zinthu ngati izi m'matumba a firiji.
Zouma
Njira yosuma ndiyodalirika kwambiri. Alumali moyo wake ulibe malire. M'chaka, mungasangalale ndi banja lanu ndimakoma owuma dzuwa. Koma kuti zisungidwe bwino, ndikofunikira kukulunga nsomba ndi pepala lakuda ndikutumiza ku alumali yapakati mufiriji.
Yophika chum nsomba
Nsomba yophika, kuwotcha kapena mtundu wina samasungidwa osapitilira masiku awiri. Koma masikono ndi Sushi pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zofiira, mawuwo ndi afupikitsidwe - tsiku 1.
Kuzizira
Kuti mumasulire nsomba, muyenera kukonzekera: kuyeretsa kuchokera kumizere ndikugawa m'matumba. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo. Mwakutero, ikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji kwa miyezi ingapo. Defrost imangokhala musanadye, komanso mwanjira yachilengedwe. Palibe madzi otentha kapena microwave, apo ayi nsomba zidzataya zina zake zabwino ndi kukoma kwake. Chilichonse chikuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono:
- Chotsani mufiriji kupita mufiriji.
- Khalani komweko kwa maola angapo, kutengera momwe alili.
- Nsomba zikayamba kuwonetsa zisonyezo zilizonse zakusoka, zichotsereni mufiriji ndikuziyeretsa kale m'chipindacho. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala kutentha kwa m'chipinda.
- Kukhazikitsanso kutentha sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa chake muyenera kunyamula nsombazo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono musanazizire. Kenako pezani kuchuluka kwa mafuta a mchere omwe amafunikira pokonza mbale inayake.
Momwe mungapangire nsomba ya mchere: maphikidwe
Pali njira zambiri zophikira. Koma choyamba ndikufuna kupatsa olera alendo malingaliro awo kuti mbale zawo za nyama zopeza bwino zizikhala bwino:
- Nsombazo zimaphikidwa bwino kapena kuphika pomwe kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu. Izi zikugwirizana ndi njira yophikira pa grill, komanso amamenya.
- Mukamakola zidutswa za nsomba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, zonunkhira, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kununkhira kwa nyama ndikupatsanso kukoma kwapadera. Zowonjezera zoterezi zimaphatikizapo zidutswa za ndimu, nthangala za sesame, basil, thyme, rosemary, etc.
- Mukamagula mchere wa mchere ku malo ogulitsira, ndibwino kuti muziwukhira pomwepo. Wopanga nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zingapo, kuphatikizapo mchere, kukulitsa moyo wa alumali ndi moyo wa alumali wazinthu. Koma kwa munthu sizingathandize, koma zowononga thanzi.
- Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziguba ndi mafuta a maolivi, mandimu ndi zonunkhira, zomwe banjali limakonda, asanaphike.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za nyama
Nsomba iliyonse, makamaka yofiyira, ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri popanga mbale zopanda mafuta. Zitha kukonzedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukazinga, kuphika, kutsatsa, kulakatula, kulanda, kuwira, ndi zina zambiri. Zimatha kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangira masaladi, masamba am'mbale, sopo, etc. nsomba zimatha kutumikiridwa ku tebulo ngati chakudya chosiyana kapena chowonjezera cha mbale yam'mbali.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nsomba za mchere zimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri.Kuti nyama ikhale yothandiza komanso kuti isataye mawonekedwe ake, ndikofunikira kuyandikira moyenera pakukonzekera kwake. Chum salmon ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira m'madzi ochepa omwe nyama (fillet) sayenera kukazinga. Mukukonzekera kubzala, sikuti katundu wake wopindulitsa amatayika zokha, koma chinthucho chimakhala chosakhala bwino komanso chopanda madzi (chouma). Ngati mukufunadi kuwaza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito amamenya. Njira yabwino yophikira ndi nsomba mu zojambulazo kapena m'matumba otsekedwa, monga mapoto.
Keta ikhoza kugulidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: yatsopano, yozizira, yotentha, yosuta, mchere, etc. Zatsopano, ndizoyenera kupanga sopo, makamaka msuzi wa nsomba. Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuphika mbale zina zotentha. Mu mawonekedwe amchere, chum salmon imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mbale yodziyimira payokha kapena monga chosakaniza ndi saladi kapena pulogalamu iliyonse yozizira. Nsomba zothiridwa mchere zimayenera kutsukidwa kwathunthu kuchokera kumchere wambiri, ndipo ndibwino kuti zilowerere pang'ono.
Zofunika kudziwa! Sikuti nsomba zamchere zokha zimawonedwa kuti ndi zabwino. Tambala tansomba sikhala otsika kuposa nyama pachilichonse. Mulinso wathanzi, wopatsa thanzi komanso wokoma. Poyerekeza ndi ena oimira nsomba zofiira, mazira a chum salmon nthawi zonse amakhala onenepa, otanuka, okhala ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje.
Mu uvuni
- filimoni ya salmon - 250 g,
- mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp.,
- mandimu - 2 tbsp.,
- mchere, zonunkhira, zitsamba ndi tsabola - mwakufuna kwa hostess.
- Choyamba, konzani marinade: kusakaniza mandimu ndi mafuta, kuwonjezera zonunkhira ndi zitsamba. Mchere wonse ndi tsabola.
- Phatikizani zidutswa za nsomba ndi marinade ndikuziwasiya ngati awa kwa mphindi 10. Pakadali pano, konzekerani uvuni mpaka 180 ° C.
- Timayika chum chosakidwa patsamba lophika lamafuta ndikutumiza ku uvuni. Mutha kuyika pepala lazikopa pamphika wophika.
- Tikudikirira osapitilira mphindi 15 kuti nsomba idziphika.
Mu poto
Muyenera kukonzekera malondawa pasadakhale:
- nyama ya chum - 700 g,
- anyezi - 1 pc.,
- msuzi (nsomba) - 200 ml,
- ufa - supuni 3,
- phala la phwetekere - 2 tbsp.,
- vinyo wouma - 50 ml
- citric acid - 5 g,
- mafuta masamba - 100 g,
- tsabola - 1 tsp,
- shuga - 2 tsp,
- mchere - 1 tsp,
- amadyera - mwakufuna kwa alendo.
- Timadula nsomba tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono, timazithira mchere, tsabola ndikuziyika mbale ina. Yophika filet mu ufa ndikuchoka.
- Timayika poto pamoto waukulu, kuthira mafuta ndi mwachangu. Nthawi yothira - mphindi 10.
- Dulani anyezi m'mphete zokhala theka, ndikuzikunguliza mu ufa ndikuwaza mu poto yokazira mafuta. Onjezani phala la phwetekere ku anyezi, kutsanulira msuzi pano ndikusakaniza zonse.
- Timatumiziranso kuno vinyo, citric acid ndi shuga. Sakanizani.
- Ikani magawo onyansa osakanizira osakaniza kale, kuphimba poto ndi chivindikiro ndikuyamba kuwaza nyama pamoto wochepa. Nthawi yophika - zosaposa mphindi 15.
- Chekani mafuta ake.
- Timalandila mafuta a chum, ndikuyika pambale, kuwaza ndi zitsamba ndikukutumikirani.
Wophika pang'onopang'ono
Tiphika nsomba. Zofunika:
- chum nsomba - 1 pc.,
- tchizi cholimba - 100 g,
- mafuta masamba - 30 ml,
- mchere ndi tsabola - mwakufuna kwa mlendo.
- Sambani chiwaya ndi kupukuta ndi thaulo la pepala.
- Mafuta ndi mchere, mchere, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, tsabola.
- Kuwaza ndi tchizi yokazinga pamwamba ndikugona pansi pa multicooker.
- Khazikitsani njira yophika kwa mphindi 35 mpaka 40.
Zokhutira
- nyama ya chum (fillet) - 1 kg,
- ginger - 45 g
- Mango - 2 ma PC.,
- adyo - 3 cloves, 4 akhoza,
- tsabola - 2 tsp,
- mowa - 400 ml
- mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp.,
- mchere - mwakufuna kwa alendo,
- mandimu - 1 pc.
- Nyama ya Chum imaduladula mbali zazing'onoting'ono.
- Konzani marinade: kudula mumango tating'onoting'ono ta mango ndi ginger, kusakaniza, kuwonjezera adyo wosankhidwa (mutha kuwaza ndi chosakanizira cha adyo), kumenya chilichonse ndi blender kuti mupange kusakaniza kopanda. Thirani mowa mu iwo, mchere, "sangalalani" chilichonse ndi tsabola ndikusakaniza bwino.
- Viyikani zidutswa zakakonzedwe mu marinade ndikuzilola kuti zizitulutsa kwa maola 1.5-2 mufiriji.
- Timalandila mafuta a mchere, kuwayika pa chidacho, kuwaza ndi mafuta, kukulunga. Mu zojambulazo, mwachangu nyama pa waya kwa mphindi 25, osachepera.
- Timatulutsa zidutswa za zojambulazo, ndikuziikanso papulogalamu yophika mbali iliyonse kwa mphindi 10.
- Ikani chidutswa chofiirira pambale, kuwaza ndi mandimu ndikuwapatsa alendo.
Ma cutlets
Pophika muyenera:
- nyama ya salimoni - 500 g,
- mazira - 2 ma PC.,
- anyezi - 1 pc.,
- mayonesi - supuni 3,
- tchizi cholimba - 100 g,
- wowuma - supuni 3,
- zonunkhira - malinga ndi momwe alendo amakhala,
- mchere - 1 tsp
- Dulani nyama mu magawo.
- Opaka anyezi kapena kudutsa chopukusira nyama kapena kuphatikiza. Onjezani nsomba zosankhidwa bwino kwa nsomba.
- Onjezani mayonesi, pangani nyama yoboola ndikuyiwukitsa kwa maola angapo. Tchizi grated ndi lalikulu cloves.
- Timalandila nyama yokhazikika, kuwonjezera mazira pamenepo ndikusenda zonse mosamala. Kenako tsabola ndikuwonjezera mchere. Ngati mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira, mutha kuziwonjezera yomweyo ndi nyama yoboola, komanso mchere. Timasunsa misa mpaka yosalala ndikuisiya "kupumula" kwa mphindi 10 zina.
- Timayika poto pachitofu, kutsanulira mafuta ndikuwotha kwambiri.
- Falitsa nyama yoboola ndi supuni poto yokazika ndikuyamba mwachangu mbali zonse ziwiri. Motowo uyenera kukhala wocheperako.
Chilichonse chakonzeka! Tumikirani patebulo, yokongoletsedwa-kale ndi masamba. Khalani athanzi!
Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera:
- nyama ya salimoni - 500 g,
- anyezi - 1 pc.,
- mbatata - 4 ma PC.,
- kaloti - 1 pc.,
- parsley ndi katsabola - gulu limodzi,
- nandolo ya tsabola - 3 ma PC.,
- mchere - mwakufuna kwa mlendo.
- Kuphika nsomba: yeretsani mamba, chotsani zolowa mkati, muzimutsuka ndi kudula mzidutswa. Ikani mumphika wamadzi ndi kuvala kutentha pang'ono.
- Ndasambitsa mbatata zosenda mu ma cubes.
- Tidadula zokhomazi ndikusambitsa kaloti m'mabwalo.
- Timasenda anyezi kuchokera pamkono, kutsuka ndi kuwaza bwino.
- Madzi ndi nsomba zitangotha, timatumiza kaloti, anyezi ndi mbatata.
- Timaphimba mbale ndikupitiliza kuphika kutentha pang'ono kwa mphindi 15-20.
- Mphindi zochepa asanakonzekere, onjezani amadyera abwino.
Kebab
- nyama ya salimoni - 500 g,
- anyezi - 4 ma PC.,
- tsabola wa belu - 1 pc.,
- mandimu - theka
- mchere - mwakufuna kwa alendo,
- zokometsera - 2 tsp,
- msuzi wa soya - 2 tsp,
- mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp.
- Timatsuka masamba ndikuwasiya kuti aume.
- Konzani marinade: Finyani msuzi kuchokera mandimu ndikusakaniza ndi msuzi wa soya. Onjezerani kwa mandimuwo ndimu, anyezi wosankhidwa bwino, zokometsera, mafuta ndi mchere. Timasakaniza chilichonse.
- Kuchokera ku salmon yama chum
- Dulani tsabola wa belu m'ming'alu yaying'ono, anyezi - mphete.
- Thirani mafuta a salmon ndi marinade okonzedwa, sakanizani chilichonse ndikulola filimu kuti itsuke. Siyani nsomba mu marinade kwa mphindi 60. Preheat uvuni mpaka 230 ° C.
- Timayika nsomba pama skewera, kusinthana ndi zidutswa za tsabola ndi belu.
- Timayika kanyenya pa fomu kapena pepala lophika, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ogwirira ntchito samakumana nawo. Kutumizidwa ku uvuni.
- Pokonzekera kuphika skewing, timatembenuka kuti nyama idalidwe mbali zonse moyonso. Pambuyo pa theka la ola timapeza kebab kuchokera ku chum.
Chum nsomba
Malonda otsatirawa adzafunika:
- chiwindi nsomba ya mchere - 500 g,
- anyezi - 1 pc.,
- kaloti - 2 ma PC.,
- mafuta ophikira masamba
- batala - 150 g,
- mchere - mwakufuna kwa mlendo.
- Timatsuka chiwindi, ndikuchotsa filimuyo, tichotse misempha. Kenako, gawani tiziduswa tating'ono.
- Timayika moto woyaka ndi poto wokazinga ndi mafuta a masamba ndikuwotha kwambiri.
- M'mafuta otentha falitsa zidutswa za chiwindi ndikuwaphimba pamoto wokwanira mbali zonse ziwiri. Ndikofunikira kuti kutumphuka kuonekere.
- Dulani kaloti kukhala magawo. Timaphika anyezi.
- Mu chiwaya chokazinga ndi chiwindi, onjezani zidutswa za batala ndi masamba ophika. Pepper, ngati mukufuna, ndi mchere. Valani mbale ndi chivindikiro ndi simmer kwa mphindi 20.
- Zonse zikakhala kuti zakonzeka, chotsani poto pamoto ndipo musazizire. Timafalitsa mankhwala ogulitsira mu blender ndi pogaya. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chophatikiza kapena chopukusira nyama.
- Timayala phala mumbale ndikukonzekera masangweji.
Kodi ndizotheka kudya chum salimoni yaiwisi
Zachidziwikire, sibwino kudya nsomba zosaphika, mosatengera komwe zinkakhala kale komanso zomwe zidadya. Anthu akumpoto amakonza stroganin kuchokera ku nsomba zosaphika, i.e. Amayala nyama ku chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa "mantha", pomwe ma virus onse amafa.
Keta ndi munthu wam'madzi, ndipo m'madzi amchere, monga mukudziwa, mulibe mabakiteriya oyipa ambiri komanso majeremusi. Samapulumuka m'menemo. Koma ndibwino kukhala otetezeka ndikusonkha nsomba maola angapo musanadye. Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta: sakanizani madzi ndi viniga ndi mandimu, mchere ndikuyika zidutswa za nsomba kumeneko kwa maola awiri.
Zosangalatsa
- Amayi ochokera ku mazira a chum salmon akukonzekera masks odana ndi ukalamba. Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti mutha kuphika masks kuchokera ku caviar watsopano, osawonjezera zonunkhira ndi mchere. Ndikwabwino osagwiritsa ntchito nsomba zomwe zimagulidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu.
- Ngati mukukonzekera phwando, lamulirani chumacho kwa alendowo kapena muziphika nokha. Thiamine mu nyama amadziwika kuti amathandizira kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mowa ndi fodya m'thupi.
«Zofunika: Zambiri patsamba lino zimaperekedwa pazachidziwitso chokha. Musanagwiritse ntchito malingaliro aliwonse, funsani katswiri. Sikuti olemba kapena olemba ndi omwe amabweretsa vuto lililonse pazinthuzi. ”
Chum moyo wa nsomba
Kutuluka kwa nsomba kumapezeka mumtsinje pa kutentha kwa +3 .. + 5 ℃. Kubisala mphutsi kumatenga miyezi itatu. Chilimwe choyambirira, ana amakhala m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kenako amapita kumtunda. Apa, akuyenda, zaka 3 - 4 amapita ku nyengo ya kukhwima ”ndikupita kumtsinje wakwawo kuti akatumphe. Mwathunthu, mafuta a salmon amayambira 2000 mpaka 4000 km.
Mapepala awiri a nsomba amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yolowa m'mitsinje:
- chilimwe - kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembara,
- Yophukira - kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala.
Masamba a Autumn ndiakulu komanso okhazikika kuposa chilimwe. Kubzala kwanyengo yophulika kwa kalasi kumafikira mazira 44,000, ndipo nsomba za chilimwe zimafikira 25,000.
Salimoni imazungulira m'mitsinje kumtunda ndi mitsinje yabwino. Yaikazi imaponyera mazira m dzenje ndikuikuta ndi miyala. Kukula kwa chingwe chopendekera kumatha kulowa pakati pa 2,5 mita ndi 2 m mulifupi. Yaimuna nthawi ino imateteza mazira kwa adani.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, amayi ndi abambo amwalira mumtsinje mkati mwa masiku 10, kukhala chakudya cha mwachangu.
Chithunzi ndi kufotokoza kwa nsomba
Moyo wama salmon utha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ana ndi zaka zaukalamba. Pa gawo lililonse, nsomba zofiira zimasintha mawonekedwe, machitidwe ndi zina zopindulitsa.
Wachichepereyo amaphimbidwa ndi mamba owala a silvery, pomwe adalandira dzina laulemu "siliva". Nsombazo zimasaka mwachangu, zimadziunjikira mafuta osanjikiza, zimalemera makilogalamu 4 - 6, zimakula mpaka masentimita 70. Nyama ya "siliva" ndi yofiyira, yofiyira.
"Zovala zaukwati" zimasintha malongosoledwe a chum salmon, monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, adakutidwa ndi zovala zofiirira. Mamba a "siliva" amawola ndipo amakhala otuwa. Mutu ukusintha. Nsagwada zimatambasulidwa, zimapindika, zimayang'ana. Asodzi am'derali amatcha nsomba zamkati "nsomba".
Salimoni amakhala wankhalwe, amasonkhana pagulu ndipo amayenda kumadambo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, "catfish" imasiya kusaka ndikudya mafuta ake omwe. Nyama imawala.
Pambuyo pofalikira, masikelo a chum nsomba amasanduka akuda. Ziwalo zamkati mwa mphira. Chifukwa chotopa, nsomba zimafa.
Ubwino wa mafuta nsomba ku thupi
Kufunika kwa zakudya ndi kupezeka kwa nsomba zofiira kumawonetsedwa patebulopo.
Kuchuluka mu malonda pa 100 g
Kukula kwa zololedwa tsiku lililonse,%
Mtengo wamagetsi, kcal
Mavitamini B:
Chum salmon ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri, ali ndi mafuta acids, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Nyama yasiliva ndiyopukusidwa bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zofiira pa magalamu 130 katatu pa sabata kumawongolera momwe thupi liliri:
- Mafuta osasinthika amatsuka mitsempha yamagazi ndikuchepetsa magazi. Chiwopsezo cha kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroke
- Vitamini B1 imathandizira kukumbukira bwino, imakulitsa chidwi ndi malingaliro.
- Chifukwa cha mavitamini a B, chitetezo chokwanira chimakulitsidwa ndipo njira za metabolic zimasinthidwa.
- Vitamini D amalepheretsa kukula kwa rickets, khansa, chifuwa ndi ubongo. Amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Vitamini E ndi omega zimakhudza makwinya, kukonzanso khungu.
- Iodine imathandizira ubongo. Kuchulukitsa kutalika kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Imasintha khungu, tsitsi, misomali.
Salmon imachepetsa kupsinjika kwa thupi, imasintha magwiridwe antchito. Nyama ya Beta imalimbikitsidwa kwa ana, anthu okalamba, amayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera.
Ubwino wa keta caviar
Kettle caviar ndi mkaka sizofunikira kwenikweni monga nyama. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie ndi 250 kcal. Mazira akuluakulu - 7 mm m'mimba mwake, lalanje. Caviar imasungunuka mkamwa, mpweya wake umamveka.
Mchere wamchere ndi mkaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology, kupeza kuyera komanso kutsutsa kukalamba.
Zambiri zosangalatsa
Amuna amakhala onenepa kuposa akazi: chakudya chomwe chimakhala chambiri, chambiri ndipo chimapatsa thanzi. Nyama ya Keto imathiridwa mchere, kusuta, kupatsa kapena kuphika. Popanga mafakitale, nyama ya nsomba ndi zamzitini. Chifukwa cha madzi ambiri, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwaza: nyamayi imaphwa.
Khutu lofatsa komanso labwino ndi zonona limapezeka kuchokera ku keto fillet. Nyama yoyamba. Mwa zosakaniza, mbatata zosankhidwa bwino, kaloti, udzu winawake ndizoyenera.
Sungani "siliva" watsopano mufiriji kwa zosaposa tsiku. Pa -18 ℃, nsomba zofiira zimasungabe michere kwa miyezi itatu. Patulani mtembo wa chumacho pang'onopang'ono, osagwiritsa ntchito mayikirowevu. Kupanda kutero, mapangidwe ake a nyamayo adzagwa, ndipo kukoma kwake kumayamba kuwonongeka.
Cold wosuta wambiri amatha kudya kwa masiku 10. Kusuta kwanjala kumasunga zopindulitsa zake mpaka masiku atatu.
Usodzi wa nsomba za Chum: mawonekedwe
Msodzi adzafunika luso kuti agwiritse nsomba za siliva popondaponda. M'madzi amphepete mwa nyanja, chum chimayandama pakuya kwa mita 10: kuwedza ndi bwato kumamuwopseza.
Nthawi yabwino yosodza imawoneka ngati chiyambi cha njira yotambalala ya gulu la nsomba la mchere. Pafupi ndi malo omwe amatulutsa, nsomba zam'madzi zimataya michere yake ndi kukoma kwake, chifukwa chake kuwedza kotereku sikothandiza. Pafakitale yamafakitale, nsomba zimagwidwa mumakonde kapena kukwera.
Okonda chisangalalo ndi adrenaline amagwira nsomba zofiira ndi kuwedza kwa ntchentche. Zojambula za Keta mwachangu komanso modzidzimutsa. Msodzi sangazindikire kuluma, pomwe "mphira" imasiya kutambalala kuti ikung'ung'udze, osamasula chingwe cha 100 m. Asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zamphamvu za 9 kapena 10th nyambo ndi nyambo - ntchentche za 10-15 masentimita, zozungulira.
"Catfish" m'mitsinje sidyetsa. Komabe, iye amawakumbukirabe. Asodzi akumaloko amagwiritsa ntchito zopota ndi kusinthana nyambo ngati nyambo yoluka. Musanagwire nsomba, muyenera kufufuzira dziwe, kenako munyamula ndodo yosodza, mtanda ndi spinner. Mwachitsanzo, ndodo zazitali zimasankhidwa kuti zikagwire nsomba zazikulu, koma sizoyenera kuwedza kuchokera m'bwatomo kapena m'matumba.
Mavuto ake ndikuwopsa kwa nsomba
Mchere wamafuta komanso wosuta fodya umavulaza matenda:
- dongosolo la impso ndi urogenital,
- m'mimba
- Mitima
- gout.
Mchere wambiri wamtundu wa nyama ya keta, caviar ndi mkaka umabweretsa kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi mawonekedwe a edema. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhalawo m'magawo kuti musavulaze thupi.
Nsomba zofiira zokhala ndi minda zingakhale ndi zitsulo zovulaza ndi zinthu za GMO chifukwa zimadya mwakudya.
Opanga nsomba zamzitini amagwiritsa ntchito nsomba “zosintha pang'onopang'ono” pomwe phindu la nyama ya keto imachepa. Makampani osagulitsa amatha kuyika zotsalira za nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimafa zitamera.
Kusungidwa kosayenera kumayambitsa kusintha kwamapangidwe amtundu wansomba. Chifukwa chake, amino acid histidine imasandulika kukhala histamine, milingo yayikulu yomwe imayambitsa poyizoni ndi chifuwa.
Kusankha "siliva" m'sitolo, muyenera kuyang'anira mosamala malo osungirako, kuti musawononge thanzi lanu. Makala amagwera a nsomba, zotumphukira za bulauni, maso akhungu ndi chizindikiro cha chinthu chooneka bwino. Nsomba zouma ziyenera kupakidwa utoto wokwanira kuti uziwatchinjiriza.
Mitengo yofiira nsomba
Serebryanka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi nyengo. Usodzi waukulu wa nsomba nsomba umapezeka mchilimwe. Mtengo wapakati mu 2019 wa nyama yamatumbo ya Far East chum salmon ndi ma ruble 450. pa kilogalamu. Nsomba za nsomba za Salmon zimawononga ma ruble 490 / kg. Fillet pakhungu - kuyambira 630 rubles / kg. Mchere wamchere umagulitsidwa mumapulasitiki ndi magalasi okhala ndi voliyumu 250 kapena 500 pamtengo wa ma ruble / kg 4250.
Pomaliza
Nsomba yaku Pacific ndi nsomba yofiira, yamphamvu komanso yolimba. Usodzi waku Far East umapereka adrenaline ndi malingaliro osayiwalika opambana. Nsomba zokazinga zimatha kuthiridwa mchere, kuwotchera, kuphika, kuwotchera, kusuta.
Nyama ya "Silverfish", caviar ndi mkaka zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta athanzi, mavitamini ndi michere. Nsomba zofiira zimalimbikitsidwa kwa ana ndi akulu, koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti chum salmon iyenera kusungidwa bwino.
Kodi mudakhalapo ndi CATCH YOLALIKIRA YONSE?
Munali liti komaliza kugwirira mapiritsi / mitembo / mitembo yambiri?
Nthawi zonse timafuna kupeza zotsatira kuchokera ku usodzi - kugwira nsomba zitatu zokha, koma ma kilogalamu khumi ndi awiri - izi ndi zomwe adzagwidwe! Aliyense wa ife amalota za izi, koma si aliyense amadziwa bwanji.
Kugwidwa kwabwino kumatheka (ndipo tikudziwa izi) chifukwa cha nyambo yabwino.
Itha kukonzedwa kunyumba, mutha kugula m'masitolo asodzi. Koma m'masitolo ndi okwera mtengo, kuti muziphika nyambo kunyumba, muyenera kuthera nthawi yambiri, ndipo, molondola, nthawi zambiri nyambo zanyumba zimayenda bwino.
Kodi mukudziwa kukhumudwitsidwa pamene mudagula nyambo kapena kuphika kunyumba ndikugwira mapaundi atatu kapena anayi?
Ndiye mwina ndi nthawi yoti mutengere mwayi wogulitsa chinthu, ntchito zomwe zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi komanso machitidwe pamitsinje ndi m'madziwe aku Russia?
Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kuyesa kamodzi kuposa kumva kangapo. Makamaka tsopano - nyengo yenyewe! Kuchotsera kwa 50% mukamaitanitsa ndi bonasi yabwino!
Kodi ndi salimoni iti ya chilimwe ndi yophukira
Ichthyologists amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya Oncorhynchus keta, yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kufalikira, chonde, kukula komanso kukula. Udindo wotsogola umaseweredwa ndi mpikisano wa m'dzinja, womwe umapita kumitsinje kukatulutsa mu Seputembara - Novembala ndi zida zachiwerewere zomwe sizikupezeka. Kutalika kwa maphunzirowa kumatha kutenga milungu 2-4 (mpaka 2,000 km). Ino ndi yokwanira kusasira mazira ndi mkaka wonse. Kukula kwakulu kwambiri kwa chilengedwe chotchedwa salmon kumafikira masentimita 100-110 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 18 mpaka 19 ndipo ndi mbiri ya mtundu wonsewo. Koma nthawi zambiri mumakagwidwa masentimita 60-70 okhala ndi kulemera kwa 3-5 makilogalamu.
Nthawi zoberekera za mpikisano wa chilimwe zimayamba kuchokera kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka Seputembara. Nsomba zimapanga kale zopanga, chifukwa chake sizimayenda mtunda wautali, koma zotumphuka pafupi ndi kamwa. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mchere wa chilimwe ndi 6,7 kg. Pakuwedza, anthu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa ma 50-60 cm (2,5 makilogalamu).
Kodi chumamu chimakhala kuti?
Chifukwa chosasunthika komanso kukana kwambiri kutentha, nyanjayi idasinthasintha magawo a Arctic ndi Pacific Oceans, komwe imakhala nthawi yayitali moyo wake pamalo odyetsa. Keta ili ndi malo ochulukirapo kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zonse za Pacific, koma imapezeka kwambiri ku Nyanja ya Laptev ndi Bosphorus, Alaska Bay, East Siberian, Chukchi, Okhotsk, Barents Seas.
M'malo omwewo, nsomba zimasamukira kumtsinje wa Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Yakutia, Magadan Region, Primorsky Territory, Canada, USA, Japan ndi South Korea. Ku Russia, nsomba zamchere zimakonda kupita kukaona matupi a madzi a Lena, Amur, Yana, Anadyr, Penzhina, Okhota, mabeseni a Poronai. Dera lalikulu la nsomba zozikika ndi nsomba za Salmin ndi Sakhalin Oblast, ndipo lachilengedwe ndi Kamchatka.
Mitundu ya Chum
Salmon imadziwika ndi kutchulidwa kwakubwera (kubwerera kumalo komwe kunabadwira). Keta nthawi zonse amasamukira kukaberekera mumtsinje, komwe adachokera ku caviar, ndikuyesera kupeza malo obisalirako.Mtunduwu unaloleza akatswiri a ichthyologists kugawanitsa mitunduyi kukhala mitundu iwiri yodziyimira payokha - North American ndi Asia, zomwe sizimadutsana mwakuthupi.
Samatekisi aku Asia amakhala ndipo amakhala ku Russia. Kutengera zitsanzo zamaphunziro a meristic and genetic, asayansi adatha kuzindikira mitundu ingapo yamasamba a Asia chum salmon:
- Nyanja ya Okhotsk - kumwera chakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Sakhalin,
- kum'mwera - Primorye, Kunashir, Iturup,
- Amur - Amgun, Ussuri, Zeya, Bikin, kumpoto kwa Chitar Strait,
- Sakhalin - kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Sakhalin,
- kumpoto - Kamchatka, Chukotka.
Mitundu yonse yamitundu ndiyofanana mawonekedwe ndipo imagawidwa mu mitundu yachilimwe ndi yophukira. Chosiyana ndi nsomba ya Sakhalin chum salmon, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chopangira fakitale ndipo ili ndi gawo lakunja mu matoni obiriwira a siliva.
Chum moyo ndi zakudya
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yosamukasamuka, nsomba zamchere ku Pacific sizimakhala m'mitsinje kwa zaka zingapo kuti zimere ndikukula ndikukula kukula kwake. Akangochoka chisa, gulu la nsomba zazing'ono zimayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Atapita kunyanja, amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, natenga malo obisika ndi chakudya chochepa chambiri. Kudyetsa koyamba kumatenga miyezi 6-10. Kulemera tsiku lililonse ndi 3-3,5% ya kulemera konsekako.
Atafika kutalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40, nsombayo imayamba kusamukira kudera lomwe limatha kukhala zaka zitatu mpaka 10. Chifukwa chake, chum salmon amakhala pafupifupi moyo wake wonse m'madzi amchere kutali ndi gombe.
Nyanja, nsomba zimadya zokhala ndi nyama, zolengedwa zokhala ndi mapiko, anyani, ma ctenophores, mwachangu nsomba zina. Momwe chumacho chimakulira, chimadutsa kukhala moyo wokonda kudya, kusaka kusaka nyama yokhala ndi ma gerbil, hering'i, kusungunuka, tinthu tating'ono, anchovy, squid, sardines, gobies. Nthawi yocheperako yakudya panyanja ndi zaka zitatu.
Chum kufalikira
Kukula kwa mchere wa salmon kumachitika zaka 3-7. Oyimira mpikisano wocheperako, wotentha ndi woyamba kukhala okonzeka kubereka. Akazi ambiri omwe amakhala ndi zaka zitatu kapena kupitirira (pafupifupi 80%). Otsala a 15-17% amagwera azaka za 4 ndi 5. Anthu omwe amakhala ndi zaka zapakati pa 6 kapena 7 ndizosowa. Mu vuli chum, nyengu yinyaki yo akutumika ndi azaka zinayi.
Mitundu ya chilimwe imafalikira mu Juni - Ogasiti pakukonzanso kwamadzi mpaka + 12-14. Dulani - mu Seputembala - Novembala pa malo ochulukirapo otsika (+ 3-8C) .pamene malo osunthika adzasankhidwa madera osaya ndipo akuya mita 0,2,5,5 ndi malo oyenda (0.1-1.0 m / s) ndi dothi lotayirira (miyala, miyala, miyala miyala).
Akapeza malo abwino, wamkazi amayamba kukonzekeretsa chisa. Poyamba, amatsuka ndikumenya mchira mbali yayikulu ya kukula kwa 1.5-3.0x1.0-2.5 m. Kenako amagogoda dzenje lalitali lakuya masentimita 15-50, pomwe amayikira mazira chikwi chimodzi ndi mainchesi 4-6 mm ndi kulemera kwa 180- 300 mg Amuna atakonza ubwamuna, mayiyo amafukula pansi mosamala, ndikupanga chifuwa chachikulu. M'masiku 3-7 okha, mayi m'modzi amatha kupangira zisa 2-3 m'malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wakubereka bwino.
Pambuyo pofalikira, nsomba zonse zimafa masabata 1-3. Nyengo iyi ndikwanira kuti chum ichoke m'malo obisika, ibalalike pansi ndikulephera kubweretsa tsoka lachilengedwe mkati mwa mtsinjewo.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe a zomangamanga imatenga masiku 120-150. Maimuna omwe amatuluka mazira amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la yolk, lomwe limawathandiza kukula molimba mtima osasiya kutetezeka kwa phirilo. Kutuluka koyamba kwa mphutsi zamphamvu kwambiri kumagwera mu Epulo ndipo kumatha mpaka Julayi. Frying (swtled) yosambira yosambira yosambira m'matumbo ndi zobisalamo m'mera zam'mera, m'maenje, pakati pamiyala. Utoto wonunkhira kuchokera ku mikwingwirima 10 mpaka 14 umathandizira kuthawa adani.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-2, mwana wachinyamata amatalika kutalika kwa 4-6 cm ndipo amatumizidwa kukadyetsa kunyanja.Pofika nthawi iyi, mwachangu imawoneka mwachangu, thupi limakulitsa ndikutenga mitundu yodziwika ndi mitunduyo, thupi limamangidwanso kuti lizikhala ndi madzi amchere.
Nsomba zatsopano za salmon - zopindulitsa nazo
Salmon mbale zimapangitsa kagayidwe kachakudya njira, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kupewa kukalamba ndi matenda a mtima dongosolo. Nyama yofiira ya chum salmon imakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zazing'ono zamitundu iliyonse. M'magalamu 100 a zinthu zosaphika, ma kilocalories a 128 okha. Mulingo womwewo wamagetsi ndiwofanana ndi nsomba zamchere, zophika kapena zophika. Ngakhale nsomba zokazinga zilibe 200 kcal / 100 g, choncho, akatswiri azakudya amasamalira chakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba
Ketu amatchedwa nsomba za Pacific kapena siliva. Thupi lalitali lomwe limapanikizika pambuyo pake limafanana ndi torpedo. Mutu wake umakhala wonyezimira, ndi kamwa yotakata, mano opindika. Kutalika kwa akuluakulu kumafika 110 cm, kulemera - mpaka 15 makilogalamu. Amadyetsa mapiko am'mapiko, anyansi, ndi mwachangu.
Pakutuluka, imasamukira kumitsinje yomwe imadzipatula kuchokera mazira. Chifukwa cha izi, nsomba za salmon zimagawidwa ku Asia ndi North America.
Waku Asia ku Russia. Zimachitika:
- kumwera (Iturup, Primorye),
- Kumpoto (Chukotka, Kamchatka),
- Amur (Bikin, Ussuri),
- Nyanja ya Okhotsk (kumpoto chakum'mawa, kumpoto kwa Sakhalin),
- Sakhalin (gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Sakhalin).
Kutengera nyengo ya kutchera, chilimwe ndi nyengo yophukira ya mchere imasiyanitsidwa. Zomwe zimagulitsa anthu m'chilimwe sizimaposa cm 60. Autumn chum salmon ndizazikulu komanso zowonjezereka.
Salmon yokha ya Sakhalin, yomwe ikuchulukitsidwa kwambiri, ndi yosiyana. Amakula m'minda yapadera. Makala a nsomba amapakidwa utoto wobiriwira.
Usodzi
Nyanja, nsomba za salmon zimakhalabe m'madzi ambiri - sizimagwera pansi pa 50. Malo ozama okhala ndi malo okuya ndi 13 m kuchokera pansi masana ndi 5 m usiku. Hafu ya dziko lapansi igwera asodzi aku China ndipo pafupifupi kotala limodzi ku gawo la Russia ndi USA, motsatana. Kugulitsa kwampweya wa nyama zakutchire mu 2019 (kuyambira pa Seputembala) ku Alaska kudafika ma PC 17,186,000.
Chum nsomba ya Chum imadziwika kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali pa mitundu yonse ya nsomba. Nyama yomwe idalandidwa ndi yoyera, ya pinki kapena yachikasu, yotsika mafuta. Ndiwosalala mtundu osati wonenepa ngati mitundu ina. Ikagulitsidwa mwatsopano, youma, youma, mchere, kusuta kapena zamzitini. Ponena za usodzi wamasewera, amawononga pakamwa - pomwe mitsinje imalowa munyanja, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Amakhulupirira kuti kuwedza nsomba za nsomba ndi zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsomba.
Kupangidwa kwamankhwala ndi zopatsa mphamvu
Keta ili ndi kununkhira kofatsa. Nyama yake imadziwika ndi sodium yochepa, kuchuluka kwamafuta a omega-3 acid, niacin, vitamini B12 ndi selenium. Imakhala yogulitsa yatsopano komanso yowuma, komanso imapezekanso mu zamzitini kapena yosuta. Nyama yake ndi yapinki, yosiyana ndi nsomba. Kusiyanaku kukuwonekera pokhapokha malo ocheperako kutsogolo kwa mchira. Salmon, kusintha kwa mchira kupita ku madambo a caudal kumakhala kotsika.
Muli (mu 100 g yazinthu):
- zopatsa mphamvu: 120 kcal,
- mafuta: 4 g
- cholesterol: 4 mg
- sodium: 50 mg
- chakudya: 0 g,
- mapuloteni: 20 g
- Omega-3 acid: 0,7 g.
Nsomba imalimbikitsidwa kwa ana azaka 4 ndi akulu.
Ubwino wa nyama ndi caviar wa chum nsomba ku thupi
Chum nsomba ya Chum ndi imodzi mwazakudya zopatsa thanzi. Muli mapuloteni, vitamini B12, selenium komanso mafuta acids. Zotsirizazi ndizofunikira kuti tikhale ndi maso athanzi, ubongo ndi mtima. Nsomba ndizofunikira pakukula ndi kukula kwa ubongo mu makanda ndipo ndi wofunikira kwambiri akamadyedwa panthawi yoyembekezera. Mwatsatanetsatane, momwe mcherewo umapangidwira komanso michere ya Vitamini amaperekedwa pagome pansipa. Zambiri zimaperekedwa pa 100 g yazogulitsa.
Dzinalo | % ya mtengo watsiku ndi tsiku | Kulemera (mg) |
Mavitamini | ||
Wapadera | 7,5 | 30 mcg |
Niacin | 53 | 8,4 |
Pyridoxine | 31 | 0,4 |
Riboflavin | 19 | 0,11 |
Thiamine | 4,5 | 0,05 |
Vitamini A | 15 | 453 IU |
Vitamini C | 6,5 | 4 |
Vitamini D | 131,5 | 526 |
Vitamini E | 7 | 1,22 |
Ma Electrolyte | ||
Sodium | 3 | 47 |
Potaziyamu | 8 | 392 |
Madera | ||
Calcium | 2,6 | 26 |
Chuma | 3 | 0,25 |
Magnesium | 24 | 95 |
Phosphorous | 41 | 289 |
Zinc | 4 | 0,44 |
- Ponena za phindu la nyama ya nsomba, zotsatirazi zimanenedwa ndi akatswiri azakudya nthawi zambiri kuposa ena:
- Kuchepetsa nseru pa mimba,
- Kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi, kuphatikiza womwe umapezeka m'malo ophatikizana,
- kupewa mapangidwe a maselo a khansa,
- kukhala ndi khungu labwino
- kukhathamiritsa kwa dongosolo
- kudzaza thupi ndi mphamvu,
- kutsitsa shuga
- kuteteza tsitsi
- kukula kwa ubongo kwa ana,
- kulowererapo kwa njira zingapo zotupa,
- kupewa matenda am'mimba,
- kupewa matenda a mafupa ndi mano.
Kudya zakudya zam'madzi kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kukulitsa ntchito yamaubongo komanso kukhalabe ndi thupi labwino. Nyama ya chum salmon ndi nsomba zina zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizidyedwa kawiri pa sabata kuti zithetse zosowa za thupi zofunikira zamafuta acid, mapuloteni, michere ndi mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta.
Chum salmon caviar wopaka utoto wowala wa lalanje chifukwa cha antioxidant astaxanthin. Zimawonjezera kukana kwa khungu ku ultraviolet ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi njira za oxidative. Caviar ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omega-3 acid ndi vitamini D.
100 g ili ndi:
- 250 kcal
- 14 g mafuta
- 29 g mapuloteni
- 3 g chakudya.
Izi ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amafunikira othamanga komanso anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
Lawani ndi ntchito kuphika
Mwabwino, mafuta a salmon amakhala ndi mafuta ochepa kuposa salmonids, chifukwa chake amakhala ndi kakomedwe kofatsa komanso kosalala, pomwe samataya maantiids opindulitsa ndi zinthu zina monga selenium ndi niacin. Chifukwa chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso kukoma kwake pang'ono, ndi koyenera kwa iwo omwe samakonda fungo labwino la nsomba zina. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba za mchere zimakoma kwambiri kuti mupeze kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe osiyanasiyana.
Mbiri ya chum:
- nyama: pinki yowala kapena lalanje,
- kapangidwe: wandiweyani, wowuma kuposa nsomba,
- kulawa: zofewa
- ntchito: akhoza kuphika, kukazinga, kukazinga komanso kukazinga kwambiri,
- gawo la fillet: 70% ya kulemera kwa nsomba,
- zopezeka: kuyambira Julayi mpaka Novembala.
Zopindulitsa
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitsinje, nsomba za Pacific zimaganiziridwa molakwika kuti ndi madzi abwino. Koma samapezeka m'mitsinje. Chum salmon ndi nsomba yam'madzi yamtengo wapatali, ili ndi katundu omwe amapindulitsa anthu. Thupi lake limakhala ndi michere yambiri, kumeza pafupipafupi kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muthetsenso zomwe asungidwa, kupewa hypovitaminosis.
Kodi phindu la chum pa ntchito mwadongosolo ndi lotani?
- Zoyeretsa, zimabwezeretsa maselo owonongeka a chiwindi.
- Atsuka magazi. Kuthana ndi cholesterol yoyipa imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupewa atherosulinosis, matenda a mtima a ischemic.
- Amakhala ndi odana ndi kutupa.
- Chimalimbikitsa kuchira msanga pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena matenda opatsirana akale.
- Kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuvutika kwa thupi komanso m'maganizo.
- Imathandizira kulingalira, kumalepheretsa zochitika za kuzindikira kuzungulira maziko a Alzheimer's, pambuyo poyambitsa matenda.
- Zimalepheretsa kukula kwa dementia woyambirira, kumachepetsa kukalamba.
- Imathandizira kuti poizoni wamavuto amkati usasute fodya komanso mowa.
- Amatenga nawo mbali mu hematopoietic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a magazi apangidwe.
- Imalimbitsa minofu yamtima, imasinthasintha kugunda kwa mtima.
- Imalimbana ndi zovuta m'matumbo a chithokomiro omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ayodini.
- Amawonjezera kukana kwa thupi kumatenda, mabakiteriya, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Amachepetsa kugona, amathandizira nkhawa yamavuto chifukwa chokhala ndi nkhawa.
- Imawongolera mkhalidwe wamalingaliro, kuletsa kukulitsa kwa kukhumudwa ndi kusachita chidwi.
- Zabwino pa metabolic njira.
- Imalepheretsa kuchepa kwa masankho okhudzana ndi zaka, kusungitsa kuchepa kwake, kumachepetsa kutopa kwa maso.
- Imalimbitsa dongosolo la minofu ndi mafupa, kuletsa kukula kwa mafupa, kukokoloka kwa enamel ya mano.
- Ili ndi katundu wa antitumor chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi antioxidants ambiri.
- Ngakhale kamvekedwe ka khungu, ndikubwezeretsa kutanuka kwake, kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa tsitsi.
Contraindication ndi zotheka kuvulaza
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe chumon nsomba sizothandiza, komanso zovulaza thanzi:
- kusalolerana kwama protein
- nsomba zam'nyanja
- pachimake kapamba
- gastritis,
- gout.
Monga nsomba yofiira iliyonse, nsomba ya salmon ilibe vuto lililonse pakapanda kuponderezedwa.
Amimba komanso kuyatsa
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, nsomba zofiira ndizofunikira kwambiri, sizimagwira chofufumitsa m'matupi amadzi, chifukwa chake sizowopsa. Maminolo mu kapangidwe kameneka amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamaganizo a mayi woyembekezera, komanso amatenga nawo mbali pakapangidwe mafupa, minyewa ya minofu, ndi ubongo wa mwana wosabadwayo.
Pofuna kupewa kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana wakhanda, nsomba za siliva siziyenera kudyedwa katatu pa sabata kwa 100-130 g. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo kumalepheretsa kukula kwa zipatso zamwana m'mimba, komanso mwana wakhanda akamayamwa.
Ubwino ndi kupweteka kwa matenda
Ndi matenda oopsa oopsa, mafupa am'mimba, matenda ashuga, keta imachiritsa, koma ndi matenda ena amatha kuvulaza.
Pancreatitis ndi chotupa chachikulu cha kapamba. Matendawa amafunika malamulo oletsa kudya. Zakudya zolemera, zamafuta sizikupezeka muzakudya. Chum amawonedwa kuti ndi nsomba yamafuta ochepa, koma osayenera kudya.
Pambuyo pakuchepa kwa kukokoloka, amaloledwa kudya 50-70 g ya fillet steamed 2 kawiri pa sabata.
Gastritis ndi kutukusira kwa mucous membrane am'mimba. Ngati muli ndi matenda, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zopepuka zama protein kuti muchepetse katundu pazakhudzidwa. Mafuta, zakudya zama calorie ambiri ndizoletsedwa.
Mu gawo la matenda, simungadye nsomba; mukachotsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa kapena owira pang'ono.
Ndi kuphwanya kwa uric acid metabolism, mafupa amakhudzidwa, ndipo gout imayamba. Matendawa amatenga kuphatikiza kwathunthu kwamapuloteni a nyama ndi zakudya zopezeka mu uric acid. Zakudya za gout siziyenera kuphatikizapo nsomba zofiira pamtundu uliwonse.
Malangizo othandizira odwala kuchepa thupi
Mukamachepetsa thupi, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse thupi ndi zakudya zokhwima. Kuti muchepetse kunenepa mwatsatanetsatane, akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti azidya zakudya zamafuta ochepa.
Keta imadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kalori, ilibe mafuta ndipo imakhutitsa thupi ndi mapuloteni ofunikira. Kuti khungu lisasunthike ndikuyamba kuwonongeka ndi ma kilogalamu otayika, muyenera kuphatikiza zakudya zoyenera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mtengo wazakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu
100 g atsopano ku salmon watsopano ali ndi 127 kcal.
Mtengo wamagetsi (BJU) pa 100 g:
- chakudya - 0 g
- mapuloteni - 19 g
- mafuta - 5.6 g
- phulusa - 1,2 g
- madzi - 74.2 g
- cholesterol - 80 mg.
Chifukwa cha zomanga thupi zopezeka mosavuta, munthu amadzala msanga ndipo amasiya kumva njala.
Fillet imakhala ndi mafuta acids ofunikira, komanso michere yofunika ya michere ndi mavitamini:
- phosphorous ndi chlorine,
- potaziyamu ndi sulufule
- ayodini ndi sodium
- magnesium ndi molybdenum,
- calcium ndi faifi tambala
- fluorine ndi cobalt,
- chromium ndi manganese,
- mkuwa, chitsulo, nthaka,
- H (biotin),
- D (calciferol)
- B1 (thiamine),
- B2 (riboflavin),
- B5 (pantothenate),
- B6 (pyridoxine),
- B9 (folic acid),
- B12 (cyanocobalamin),
- PP (ndiacin ofanana),
- E (tocopherol)
- C (ascorbic acid).
Kusuta, kouma wowuma wa dzuwa
Mafuta owuma ku Pacific omwe amawoneka kuti ndi abwino ndipo amatha kukongoletsa tebulo lililonse.
Kwa nsomba zofiira, kusuta fodya komanso kuzizira ndizoyenera. Kunyumba, ndikosavuta kuphika mafuta osuta otentha.
Zochita Kuphika:
- Gwiritsani ntchito nsomba zatsopano; nyama zouma sizabwino.
- Nthawi zonse onjezerani mafuta a azitona ndi mandimu ku marinade.
- Sansani nsomba zonse ndikuchotsa ma gill ndikuyika tsamba la bay m'malo mwake.
- Osaika zonunkhira zambiri zosiyanasiyana, kuti zisasokoneze kukoma.
- Msuzi wowonda kapena wokoma ndi wowawasa ndi woyenera kutumikiridwa.
Fananizani ndi nsomba zina
Mwa okonda zakudya zam'nyanja, pamakhala mikangano yokhudza ngati nsomba zonse zofiira zilinso zathanzi komanso zoyenera kudya. Ganizirani kufanana kwake ndi kusiyana kwake.
Zosiyanasiyana nsomba | Zopatsa mphamvu pa 100 g | BZHU pa 100 g |
Chum | 127 kcal | 19/5,6/0 |
Salimoni yapinki | 152 kcal | 25/5/0 |
Salimoni | 190.3 kcal | 20,8/11,3/0,3 |
Nsomba ya trauti | 152.44 kcal | 20,3/4,6/0,04 |
Nsomba yaku Atlantic | 208 kcal | 20/13/0 |
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusunga
Wogula wopanda nzeru nthawi zambiri amatenga nsomba zotsika mtengo za chum salmon. Pofuna kuti musapusitsidwe, posankha, yang'anani pazinthu izi:
- Nyama yonse ya nsomba za Pacific yomwe imapitilira kugulitsa imalemera kuchokera 3 mpaka 7 makilogalamu, pomwe kulemera kwa nsomba za pinki kumasiyana 700 g mpaka 2,5 kg.
- Kukhalapo kwa chimbudzi kumbuyo kumatsimikizira kuti muli ndi nsomba za pinki.
- Ngati nsombayo yadula kuti ikhale nato, muyenera kulabadira mtundu wa nyamayo. Ku chum salmon ndi pinki yowala, m'mafuta a pinki amatuwa.
Gulani malonda apamwamba okha. Chatsopano ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa:
- Ndi fungo. Fungo liyenera kukhala lopepuka, osati lankhanza.
- Kukhudza. Khungu limakhala louma, lopanda mawanga amwazi, osaphimbidwa ndi ntchofu.
- Mwa zotanuka. Mukapanikizika thupi, palibe mano omwe atsala, mawonekedwewo amabwezeretsedwa mwachangu.
- M'maso. Ziyenera kukhala zowonekera komanso zowala.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaphatikizidwa
Mphamvu zamkati mwa nsomba za ku Pacific zimakumbidwa mosavuta, sizimapangitsa kuti m'mimba muzikhala zolemera. Kuti izi zisachitike mwadzidzidzi, muyenera kudya nyama zansomba zofiira molondola, kuphatikiza ndi zakudya zoyenera zokha.
Zabwino | Ghee, Whey, amadyera, kabichi, kaloti, beets, pickles, masamba obiriwira |
Zovomerezeka | Mpunga, buluwheat, ndimu, quinoa, phwetekere, batala, mafuta a masamba, dzungu, biringanya, zukini |
bwino | Nyama, nkhuku, mazira, bowa, kirimu, kirimu wowawasa, mafuta anyama, njere, mbatata, mkaka, tchizi, feta tchizi, tirigu, rye, oats, mkate, nandolo, anapiye, nyemba za nyemba, nyemba, nyemba, mphodza, |
Zinthu zophika
Pofuna kuti musawononge malonda athu ndikukonzekera mankhwala a salmon, gwiritsani ntchito malingaliro athu:
- Keta si nsomba yamafuta, choncho mukamayambitsa amatayika ndikuwonekanso kuti ikhale youma. Gwiritsani chinyezi kupulumutsa chinyezi. Njira yabwino yophikira ndi kuwotcha.
- Samitsani nsombazo osapitirira mphindi 15 musanaphike. Sipuni yabwino kwambiri ndi mafuta a azitona omwe ali ndi chithokomiro, rosemary ndi mandimu. Mafuta wowawasa zonona amawononga kukoma.
- Kuti muchepetse kuwinduka, gwiritsitsani kwa mphindi 4-5 mu brine pamlingo wa 2 tsp. mchere mu 500 ml ya madzi, youma ndi pepala pepala.
- Fungo la nsomba lotchulidwa limatulutsa mbatata zomwe zimayikidwa mu poto kapena pa pepala lophika pafupi ndi chum.
- Kuti muyeretse nyama yakufa ndi masikelo, itsanulira madzi otentha ndikuphika kwa mphindi zitatu m'madzi ofunda aviniga pamlingo wa 3 tbsp. viniga pa lita imodzi yamadzi.
- Thirani nsomba pamawotchi osayiyika m'madzi ofunda kapena pogwiritsa ntchito ma microwave. Chifukwa chake kukoma kwake kudzasungidwa.
Maphikidwe osavuta, otchuka
Timapereka kukonza mbale za nsomba zoyenera masiku onse ndi zikondwerero.
Steam Chum Steak
Pophika, timagwiritsa ntchito chowiritsa chowirikiza kapena chophika pang'onopang'ono, koma poto wamba ndi chidebe chapadera chomwe chili ndi mabowo pansi pobera chidzachita.
Zosakaniza:
- nsomba ya nsomba - 4 ma PC.,
- nyemba zobiriwira - 200 g,
- kaloti - 1 pc.,
- broccoli - 100 g
- mandimu - 1 pc.,
- mchere, tsabola wakuda - kulawa,
- rosemary - 1 sprig.
- Mchere nsomba, tsabola mbali zonse ziwiri.
- Finyani madzi ku mandimu, viyikani mafuta.
- Onjezani rosemary ndikuwola kwa mphindi 10.
- Dulani kaloti kukhala ma cubes, gawani broccoli mu inflorescence.
- Ikani nyemba mu chidebe chonyowa, pamwamba ndi kaloti ndi nsomba, ndikuyika broccoli pakati pa zotentha.
- Kuphika kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20, kumaphika ndi mbale yamphongo.
Chum nsomba zodula
Chofufumitsa chofufumitsa chadzakudya chimakopa ngakhale gourmet wovuta kwambiri.
Zosakaniza:
- filimoni ya salmon - 500 g,
- mkate crumb - 150 g,
- mkaka wa chum - 2 ma PC.,
- kaloti - 1 pc.,
- anyezi - 2 ma PC.,
- dzira - 1 pc.,
- mkaka - 150 ml
- adyo - 2 cloves,
- ufa - 2 tbsp.,
- mafuta ophikira ophika,
- mchere, zonunkhira - kulawa.
- Zilowerere mkate ku mkaka kwa mphindi 10.
- Pakani karoti mwachangu, mwachangu mu mafuta a maolivi.
- Timadyetsa nsomba zamkaka ndi mkaka ndi anyezi kudzera mu chopukusira nyama.
- Mu mbale yakuya, sakanizani minced nyama, mkate, kaloti.
- Onjezani dzira, zonunkhira, pofinyira adyo kudzera pa Press.
- Menya chifukwa chosakanikirana ndi chosakanizira mpaka yosalala.
- Timawotcha poto, kudzoza ndi mafuta.
- Ndi manja akunyowa, timapanga ma cutlets, kuwaza ndi ufa ndikufalikira mu poto. Osaphimba kuti zinthuzo zisamathere.
- Mwachangu pa kutentha kwapakatikati mpaka golide wagolide.
- Tumikirani ndi mbale yakumbuyo yamasamba.
Salmon wapamwamba wakale mu uvuni
Kuyambitsa njira yachikhalidwe yophika mafuta a salmon mu uvuni.
Zosakaniza:
- nsomba ya nsomba - 5 ma PC.,
- anyezi - 3 ma PC.,
- phwetekere - ma PC atatu.,
- mandimu - 100 ml,
- mafuta a azitona - 3 tbsp.,
- tchizi cholimba - 200 g
- mchere, tsabola wakuda, thyme, rosemary.
- Mu mbale, sakanizani mafuta a azitona ndi zonunkhira, zitsamba, mandimu.
- Pakani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mcherewo ndi mchere ndikuyika mu marinade kwa mphindi 15-20.
- Adagawa anyezi m'mphete zokhala theka, tomato m'mazungulira.
- Preheat uvuni mpaka madigiri 180.
- Timayika nsomba pansi pa fomu yolimbana ndi kutentha, kuwaza ndi anyezi pamwamba ndikuyika tomato.
- Phimbani ndi zojambulazo, tumizani kuphika kwa mphindi 35.
- Mphindi 10 musanaphike, chotsani zojambulazo ndikutsanulira tchizi yokazinga pamasamba.
- Denga lapamwamba likapakidwa bulauni, timachotsa nsomba mu uvuni.
- Tumikirani ndi mpunga kapena ngati mbale yodziyimira payokha.
Momwe mungapangire mchere kunyumba
Kuti nsomba isakhale youma, ndibwino kuti mutenge mitembo yonse osaphika kuti muimitse mchere munyumba ndikuduleni nokha.
Sikuti zonunkhira zonse ndizoyenera nsomba zofiira. Gwiritsani ntchito zonunkhira zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma kwa malonda:
- njere za mpiru
- Tsamba la Bay,
- rosemary,
- nati,
- parsley wouma
- thyme,
- nsomba,
- zovala
- korona wonse
- allspice nandolo.
Ngati nthawi yophika ndi yochepa, njira iyi ya mchere imathandiza mayi aliyense wapakhomo.
- fillet - 1 makilogalamu,
- shuga - 2 tbsp.,
- mchere - 2 tbsp.,
- mandimu - supuni 5,
- allspice - 7 ma PC.,
- tsamba la Bay - 2 ma PC.
- Timatsuka choimbira kutsukidwa kuchokera mafupa, kudula mizere 0,7-1 cm.
- Sakanizani mchere, shuga, zonunkhira.
- Phatikizani zidutsazo ndi zosakaniza ndikuyika zigawo m'mbale.
- Thirani gawo lililonse ndi mandimu.
- Phimbani ndi mbale, ikanikeni atolankhani ndikupita kwa mphindi 40 kutentha kwa firiji.
- Timachotsera zokometsera ndi mchere zotsalira, ndikudya.
- chum - 1 kg,
- mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp.,
- mchere - 2 tbsp.,
- shuga - supuni 1,
- adyo - 3 cloves,
- ma cloves - 4-5 ma PC.,
- tsamba la Bay - 2 ma PC.
- Ketu adadula mainchesi 1.5-2 cm.
- Timadula adyo kukhala magawo, ndikuyika nsomba.
- Sakanizani shuga ndi mchere, pakani chidutswa chilichonse.
- Ikani mwamphamvu mu chidebe cholimba, kuwaza ndi zonunkhira.
- Thirani mafuta a azitona ndi kuphimba ndi chivindikiro kapena mbale wina wokulirapo kuposa mbale ndi nsomba.
- Ikani katunduyo pamwamba. Botolo lamadzi lidzachita.
- Siyani kwa ola limodzi, kenako chotsani katunduyo, sakanizani filimuyo.
- Phimbani, tumizani ku firiji kwa maola 1.5.