Osati kale kwambiri, asayansi ochokera ku University of Arizona adatha kudziwa kuti si akangaude onse omwe amadyera. Pakati pawo pali "khwangwala oyera" - kavalo wa kangaude wa Bagheera kiplingi. Akangaude ena atha kukumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya, ndiye kuti mndandanda wonse wa kangaude uwu ndi 100% wopangidwa ndi zakudya zamasamba.

Kangaude wamasamba Bagheera kiplingi (lat.Lathe Bagheera kiplingi) (wobadwa wazipanga wa masamba)

Akazi a Herbivorous amakhala ku Central America: ku Mexico, Costa Rica, Belize, Guatemala. Amakhala pamasamba a mthethe kuchokera ku mtundu wa Vachellia, pafupi ndi nyerere kuchokera ku mtundu wa Pseudomyrmex. Chomera ndi nyumba yawo komanso khitchini. Zikuwoneka kuti zimakhala ndi moyo ndikukondwa, koma pokhapokha ndi anansi awo omwe amakangana nthawi zonse.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kugundana ndimakonda chakudya - Matupi omata - mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a bulauni omwe amapezeka pamalangizo a tsamba lililonse la mthethe. Amakhala ndi ma lipids komanso mapuloteni ambiri. Matupi awa amapanga 90% ya kangaude, 10% yotsalayo ndi timadzi tokoma.

Zomwe zidapangitsa kukonda koteroko kwa kangaude sizidziwika bwinobwino. Pali lingaliro kuti kusaka ndi kusaka tizilombo kumawononga mphamvu zambiri ndi nthawi, ndipo mthethe wokhala ndi matupi ake opatsa thanzi nthawi zonse umakhala mbali yake, komanso chaka chonse.

Nyerere zomwe zimakhala pamacacia awa, zili ndi akangaude osachedwa kudana. Pang'onopang'ono amatha kumveka. Kupatula apo, amateteza chomerachi mosiyanasiyana ku tizirombo tina tosangalatsa, ndipo pobwerera imawapatsa chakudya. Akangaude azitsamba amangowabera chakudya ndipo amawachotsa msanga pamalo omwe anapalamulawo. Ndipo amachita izi modabwitsa komanso mwaluso. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola (maso asanu ndi atatu pambuyo pa zonse!), Amaonabe antchito akuyenda patali ndipo amasintha njira yawo poyenda. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Diso

Akazi amayikira mazira pachaka chonse. Akangaude amapanga zisa zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa mosataya ndi amuna ku chiwopsezo cha nyerere. Chiwerengero chawo pachomera chimodzi chitha kufikira anthu mazana angapo. Ana obadwanso posachedwa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi amayang'aniridwa ndi "abambo".

M'magulu a akangaude, akazi amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri. Amakhala pafupifupi 2 kuposa amuna. Zotsalazo ndizosavuta kuzizindikira powoneka. Amakhala ndi utoto wowala: cephalothorax kumbali ya dorsal imakongoletsedwa ndi malo obiriwira, pamimba yopyapyala imapakidwa utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mizere yayitali yobiriwira, miyendo ndi yofiirira yagolide. Mwa akazi, pamimba pamakhala zazikulu zokulirapo ndipo zimakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga a bulauni.

Kangaude wa Herbivore Mkazi wa herbivore kangaude

Ofufuza omwe adapeza kangaude wamtunduwu mu 1896 - awiriwa George ndi Elizabeth Peckham - anali ojambula otchuka a wolemba Rudyard Kipling, yemwe adatchulapo kangaude pambuyo pa m'modzi mwa otchulidwa mu The Jungle Book, Panther Bagheera.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Robert L. Curry Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Robert L. Curry

Ndipo patsamba lathu mupeza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za kangaude wokongola kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Repost

Ku Latin America, amakhala kangaude wina wapadera, dzina lake Bagheera Kipling. Uku ndi kangaude wolumpha, iye, monga gulu lonse, ali ndi maso akulu owoneka ndi maso ndi luso lodumpha lodabwitsa. Koma alinso ndi machitidwe omwe amamusiyanitsa ndi mitundu 40,000 ya akangaude - ali pafupifupi wamasamba.

Pafupifupi akangaude onse ndi adani. Amatha kusaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, koma pamapeto pake zimayamwa ziwalo zamkati mwa wozunzidwayo. Akamadya mbewu, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, mwangozi. Ena nthawi zina amatha kupaka timadzi tokoma kuphatikiza pa chakudya chawo. Ena mwadzidzidzi ameza mungu, kukonza maudzu awo.

Koma a Bagheera Kipling ndi ena. A Christopher Mian a ku yunivesite ya Villanova adazindikira kuti akangaude amagwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wa nyerere ndi mthethe. Mitengo ya mthethe imagwiritsa ntchito nyerere ngati zoteteza ndipo imawapatsa malo okhala m'mizu yopanda kanthu komanso zomera zabwino pamasamba otchedwa Belt. Ma bagging a Kipling adaphunzira kuba zakudyazi kuchokera ku nyerere, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, adakhala amodzi (pafupifupi) azinyama pakati pa akangaude.

Mien adatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri akuwona akangaude ndi momwe amapezera chakudya. Adawonetsa kuti akangaude azitha kupezeka pa acacias momwe nyerere zimakhalira, chifukwa matupi a Belt amakula pa acacias pakakhala nyerere.

Ku Mexico, matupi a Belt amapanga 91% ya kangaude, ndipo ku Costa Rica, 60%. Pocheperako nthawi zambiri amamwa timadzi tokoma, ndipo nthawi zambiri - amangodya nyama, kudya mphutsi za nyerere, ntchentche ngakhale nthumwi za mitundu yawo.

Mian adatsimikizira zotsatira zake powunikira momwe thupi la kangaude limapangidwira. Adayang'ana muyeso wa isotopes awiri: N-15 ndi N-14. Omwe omwe amadya zakudya zam'mera amakhala ndi N-15 yotsika kuposa omwe amadya nyama, ndipo thupi la Bagira Kipling ndi ochepera 5% poyerekeza ndi isotope kuposa mahatchi ena. Mien adayerekezeranso mulingo wa isotopes awiri a kaboni, C-13 ndi C-12. Adapeza kuti m'thupi la kangaude wamasamba ndi m'matupi a Belt, mulingo wake ndi wofanana, zomwe zimadziwika ndi nyama komanso chakudya.

Kudya matupi a Belt kuli bwino, koma osati kosavuta. Choyamba, pali vuto la nyerere za alonda. Malangizo a Bagipira Kipling ndi osabisika komanso osavuta kuyenda. Amanga zisa pamiyala ya masamba akale, pomwe nyerere sizimapitako. Akangaude amayesetsa kubisala poyenda. Akakankhira pakona, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kuti alumphe. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito ukonde, atapachikika mlengalenga mpaka ngozi itadutsa. Mien adalemba njira zingapo, zonsezi ndi umboni wa chidwi cham'malingaliro omwe akangaude othamanga ali otchuka.

Ngakhale a Bagire Kipling atha kuthawa kupondaku, padakali vuto. Matupi omata amakhala olemera kwambiri mu fiber, ndipo akangaude, m'malingaliro, sayenera kupirira nawo. Akangaude sangathe kutafuna chakudya, amadyera anzawo kunja, akumagwiritsa ntchito poizoni ndi timadzi tam'mimba, kenako "timamwa" zotsalira zonyowa. CHIKWANGWANI chomera ndizolimba, ndipo sitikudziwa momwe Bagheera Kipling amachitira ndi izi.

Zonse, ndizofunika. Matupi omata ndi chakudya chopangidwa chopezeka chaka chonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamunthu wina, a Bagipers Kipling adapeza bwino. Masiku ano amatha kupezeka paliponse ku Latin America, komwe nyerere "zimagwirizana" ndi acacias.

19.06.2017

Bagira Kiplinga, kapena kangaude wamasamba (Latin Bagheera kiplingi), amasiyana ndi anzawo ambiri omwe amachita nawo zachilendo chifukwa chake amakonda kudya zakudya zamasamba.

Cholengedwa chapaderachi ndi cha banja la Spider-akavalo (Latin Salticidae) ndipo ndi m'modzi mwa anthu anayi oimira gulu la Bagheera lotchedwa sayansi. Imatha kukuta zidutswa zolimba, osadikirira kuti mkati mwa wozunzidwayo musanduke msuzi wopatsa thanzi.

Nkhani yopezeka

Bagheera kiplingi adapezeka mu 1896 ndi okwatirana awiri a George ndi Elizabeth Peckham. Iwo anali okangalika kwambiri azinyama zamtchire ku Central America. Munthawi ya 1883-1909. Anatha kudziwa ndikufotokoza mitundu 63 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 366 ya zinyama zam'deralo.

Chimodzi mwa akangaude omwe anapeza ku nkhalango ku Mexico chinali chofulumira komanso chodumphadumpha. Adali ndi mwayi wokhoza kufotokoza wamwamuna yekha, ndipo adamupatsa dzina la munthu wakuda kuchokera ku "Jungle Book" lolemba Rudyard Kipling. Akazi amangopezeka mu vivo mu zaka zana ndendende kuchokera kwa a American Naturalist Wayne Maddison.

Mu 2008, pamsonkhano wapachaka wa Ecological Society of America (ESA), a Christopher Meehan ndi anzawo aku University of Villanova (Philadelphia, PA) pazotsatira zakafukufuku wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za tizilombo wokhala ku Mexico komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Costa Rica.

Chosangalatsa kwambiri chinali lipoti la akangaude azamasamba. Zidapezeka kuti pa mitundu yopitilira 40 ya kangaude yemwe adaphunzira mpaka pano, ndi Bagheera Kipling yekha amene ali ndi chiyembekezo chazakudya zamasamba. Izi zisanachitike, amakhulupirira kuti akangaude onse ndi adyera ndipo mwakuthupi sangatulutse michere yokumba kwa zinthu zam'mera. G

Pambuyo pake, nkhani yokhudza nyama yodabwitsayi inatuluka mu magazini yotchedwa Current Biology.

Kugawa ndi moyo

Mitundu ya Bagheera kiplingi ndiyofala ku Mexico, Ecuador ndi Costa Rica. Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha, pomwe maphiri amtundu wa Vachellia amakula.

Pofuna kudziteteza ku nyerere za Pseudomyrmex zomwe zimakhala mu khungwa lawo, mitengo imeneyi imapanga matupi a Belt, chinthu chapadera chomwe chimawonekera pamtundu wa masamba omwe amatseguka ndikuthandizira ngati chakudya. Pothokoza, tizilombo togwira ntchito molimbika timateteza ma acacias opatsirana ambiri.

Ma spider a ng'ombe onunkhira omwe amakhala panthambi zawo amatithandizanso ngati chakudya chachikulu komanso amakhala ndi 90% yazakudya zonse. Kuphatikiza pa iye, amadya mungu ndipo nthawi zina amaba mphutsi, kuthawa omwe akuwakalipira pamiyendo yawo yayitali.

Amawopa kwambiri nyerere ndipo samapewa kulumikizana nawo mwachindunji, koma tsanzirani munjira zonse. Mwachidule, amathandizira anthu ogwira ntchito, mwabwinobwino amabera nyama zawo.

Akangaude achichepere mawonekedwe awo amakumbukira kwambiri Pseudomyrmex wamkulu. Kuyerekezera koteroko kumadziteteza ku mbalame zosavutikira komanso mwina ndi nyerere zokha.

Akangaude amapanga zisa zodziwika, zomwe zimakhala mu chomera chimodzi ndi mazana aanthu ndikupanga magulu azimuna ambiri kuti athane ndi vuto la nyerere. Zachikazi zimayikira mazira awo chaka chonse popanda kutanthauza nyengo iliyonse.

Pali zitsanzo zosintha kuchokera ku kusaka kopanda zipatso kupita kokayenda kopindulitsa kwambiri, komwe kumabweretsa mayendedwe azikhalidwe komanso ngakhale kusintha matumbo a microflora. Amuna okhaokha adayamba chidwi chakulera komanso kutetezedwa kwa ana, zomwe zikuwonetsa mpangidwe wovuta wa gulu la ochita zamasamba.

Kufotokozera

Amuna ndi ocheperapo kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa akazi, okhala ndi cephalothorax yayikulu yakuda yokhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira kumbuyo ndi pamimba pamimba okhala ndi mizere yobiriwira yautali.

Mwa akazi, cephalothorax ndi yofiirira yokhala ndi mawanga oyera, ndipo mikwingwirima ya bulauni imadutsa pamimba zawo. Ali ndi chiwonetsero champhamvu, yayitali komanso yocheperako kuposa zina zonse. Amakhala achikasu achikasu kapena lalanje.

Mimba imakulitsidwa, pomwe pali masamba obiriwira kapena amtundu wakuda pamaso oyera.

Mose wa zofunikira, nkhani ndi zithunzi

Pafupi nafe tikukhala mitundu 42,000 ya kangaude. Onsewa ndi nyama zolusa, zomwe amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo kapena nyama zina zazing'ono. Zonse koma chimodzi. Kumanani: kangaude wazipinda zamasamba zokha Bagheera Kiplinga (Latin Bagheera kiplingi).

Ili ndi mtundu wa kangaude wa mahatchi ochokera ku subfamily Dendryphantinae. Amagawidwa ku Central America ku Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica ndi Guatemala. Amakhala pamalaya, amadya zakudya zam'mera, zomwe amalandila kuchokera ku Belt matupi a nsonga za masamba a mthethe,, mpaka pang'ono, kuyambira timadzi tokoma.

Okwatirana a George ndi Elizabeth Peckham, omwe adafotokoza zamtunduwu mu 1896, adatcha kangaudeyo polemekeza Bagheera - dzina la "Jungle Book" lolemba Rudyard Kipling. Sindikudziwa zomwe adakumana nazo zofanana ndi panther, ngakhale mutawona kuti Kipling ndi wamwamuna. Chozizwitsa, kufotokozera kwa Packham kudali kangaude wachimuna wamtunduwu. Zachikazi zimapezeka patangotha ​​zaka zana limodzi mchaka cha 1996 ndi wofufuza wina waku America, Wayne Madison.

Amuna a Kipling a Bagira amakhala okha ndipo amayendetsa mpikisano kutali ndi nthambi zawo. Koma zazikazi zimatha kupanga mazira ambiri, kuzisungitsa komanso kusamalira ana akhanda, omwe amafunikira chidwi chapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zabwino pamtengo umodzi mutha kupeza mpaka kangaude ndi theka la akangaude awa.

Pamene ndimakonzekera zojambulazo, mizere ya Vysotsky inali kutuluka m'mutu mwanga: "Ndipo platoon adachita bwino kulamula, Koma pali amene sanawombere." Chabwino, ndizabwino.

Kodi mumakonda kangaude wamasamba? 😁🕸