Si umboni wa mafunde chimwemwe cha chokwawa pamaso pa wovulalayo, koma chabe amasonyeza anatomical Mbali - gawo khalidwe la pakamwa. Otsiriza, ndi momwe, maonekedwe ngati mamba nthawi zonse kutafuna blueberries, kutsuka izo pansi ndi inki. M'kamwa, si mtundu wa masikelo, anapereka dzina la njoka izi. Kuwaopseza, mamba atsegula kukamwa kwake, mu maphunziro amene munthu ndi m'maganizo otukuka mosavuta amaona bokosi.
Mbali yoyamba ya sayansi dzina Dendroaspis polylepis limanena za chikondi cha zomera zake, komwe njoka kawiri kawiri apuma, wachiwiri - anati lonse ake chodziwa.
Izi ndi wochepa chokwawa ku banja aspid, ngakhale nthumwi kuposa abale ake pafupi - yopapatiza-mutu ndi wobiriwira mambas.
Magawo avareji wakuda mamba: mamita 3 m'litali ndi makilogalamu 2 kulemera. Herpetologists timakhulupirira kuti mu pompo-pompo akuluakulu njoka Onetsani Miyeso chinanso - mamita 4.5 pa makilogalamu 3 kulemera.
Komabe, mamba wakuda Kodi sangafikire kutalika kwa malire achifumu mamba, koma patsogolo izo (monga anthu onse aspid) mwa mawu kukula mano chakupha, kukula iwo kwa 22-23 mm.
Mu unyamata, ndi zokwawa ali kuwala mtundu - siliva kapena maolivi. Kukula, njoka darkens, kukhala mdima maolivi, imvi ndi kulocha zachitsulo, maolivi wobiriwira, koma wakuda!
Chofukizira mbiri mwa njoka
Dendroaspis polylepis - uncrowned mwini maudindo angapo ozunguza:
- The njoka kwambiri Africa (ndi mmodzi wa poizoni kwambiri pa dziko).
- a Africa yaitali aspid njoka.
- Jenereta ya yachangu ululu wa njoka.
- The yachangu njoka pa dziko lapansi.
Mutu wotsiriza mbiri yabwino ndi Guinness Book of Records, ponena kuti pa mtunda waufupi ndi chokwawa Iyamba kwa 16-19 km / h.
N'zoona kuti mbiri mwalamulo mbiri ya 1906, anthu otchuka kwambiri adaletsa ali anasonyeza: 11 Km / h pa gawo la mamita 43 mmodzi wa nkhokwe ya Africa East.
Kuwonjezera la kum'mawa kwa Africa, wakuda mamba chikupezeka chochuluka mu theka-louma zigawo zake chapakati ndi kum'mwera.
Chimakwirira osiyanasiyana Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Senegal, Eritrea, Guinea, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Malawi, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia, Somalia, Tanzania , Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Republic of Congo ndipo Zimbabwe.
Njoka amakhala mitengo, udzu, zigwa za mitsinje ndi mitengo youma ndi otsetsereka miyala. Mtengo kapena chitsamba chilichonse amachita ngati wapa mpando ya mamba basking dzuwa, koma, monga ulamuliro, iye wakonda padziko lapansi, amalowetsa pakati pa zomera.
Nthawi zina njoka zakukwawa mu n'chodabwitsa akale nimu kapena voids mu mitengo.
Black mamba MOYO
Upainiya n'kukhutira wa Dendroaspis polylepis a herpetologist wotchuka Albert Günther. Iye anapanga anapeza wake mu 1864, kuthera mizere 7 kokha za njoka. Kwa zaka theka, chidziwitso cha anthu za nyama zimenezi zoopsa apindula kwambiri.
Tsopano ife tikudziwa kuti wakuda mamba njoka aziphedwa abuluzi, mbalame, chiswe, njoka zina, komanso nyama zing'onozing'ono: makoswe, damans (ofanana nkhumba mbira), galagos (chokhala lemurs) njovu jumpers ndi zibonga.
The chokwawa amapha masana, pomenyana ku abisalire ndi kuluma, mpaka wovulalayo akumasula mpweya wake wotsiriza. Chimbudzi kupanga zimatenga tsiku limodzi kapena zambiri.
adani Natural mukhoza kuziwerenga pa zala:
- njoka mphungu (krachun),
- mongoose (pang'ono m'thupi poizoni),
- singano njoka (mehelya capensis), amene ali chitetezo chokwanira titadziwa kuti poizoni.
Black mambas kulibe singly, mpaka pa nthawi kupeza mwana.
Kuswana
M'chaka, bwenzi ikulowa yaikazi ndi "fungo" wa secretions, afufuze chonde ... ndi lilime kwathunthu mapanga sikani thupi lake.
Makamaka ogonana imfayo chiwonetsero pakati pa amuna: iwo unadzipiringiza mu kukumbatirana zolimba, kuyesera mitu yawo pamwamba pa mutu mdani wake. The manyazi anagonjetsa amakwawa kutali.
Ndi pakati pa dzinja, ndi mamba ukala kutchera mazira (6-17), kumene, pambuyo miyezi 2.5-3, mambos wakuda zimaswa - chibadwire "mlandu" ndi poizoni banja ndi kupeza chakudya.
Ambiri mwa ana zimafa mu nyengo koyamba kwa adani kusaka izo, matenda ndi manja a anthu.
Palibe deta pa moyo amayembekezeka wakuda mamba kuthengo, koma amadziwika kuti terrarium mmodzi wa anthu a mitundu anapulumuka kwa zaka 11.
Black mamba kuluma
Ngati inu mosadziwa pa njira yake, iye kuvulaza kuluma pa amapita, amene poyamba mwina anthu amuone.
Taganizirani khalidwe kuopseza a njoka monga mphatso ya tsoka (anakokomeza ndi nyumba, kuwukitsa thupi ndi pakamwa ukadalipo): Pankhaniyi, muli ndi mwayi duu pamaso kuponya fateful.
Pakuti kuluma, ndi zokwawa mungathe kubaya 100 mpaka 400 mg wa poizoni, 10 mg imene (pakalibe seramu) kupereka zotsatira amapha.
Koma choyamba, wodwalayo adzadutsa mabwalo zonse za Gahena ndi moto ululu, kutupa cholinga cha kuluma ndi isanafalikire necrosis a zimakhala ndi. Ndiye kukoma zachilendo pa kamwa, kupweteka m'mimba, kunyansidwa ndi kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, redness wa nembanemba mucous maso kuoneka.
Ululu wa wakuda mamba ndi oversaturated:
- poizoni amene amawononga minyewa
- cardiotoxins
- dendrotoxins.
Enanso amaonedwa ambiri amapha: iwo amapha ziwalo ndi kupuma kumangidwa. A kutayiratu ulamuliro pa thupi kumachitika mu nthawi yochepa (kwa theka la ola maola angapo).
Pambuyo kuluma, muyenera kuchita nthawi yomweyo - amene anapatsidwa adakalibe ndi olumikizidwa kwa yokumba kupuma zida mwayi.
Koma odwalawo kuti si nthawi zonse opulumutsidwa: malingana ndi kuwerengera Africa 10-15% ya anthu amene analandira tingadziteteze pa nthawi kufa. Koma ngati palibe seramu pa dzanja, imfa wovulalayo mosalephera.
Inde, wowopsa mambas wakuda ndi ayipanga osati kumalo osungira amati: pali cranks amene njoka izi mu nyumba zawo.
Mmodzi wa bravest ndipo wakhala zaka zambiri terrariums Arslan Valeev, amene mwadongosolo uploads makanema pa YouTube ndi nawo mambas wake, kwambiri limalangiza ndi ku nyumba kuswana.
Malinga Valeev, ndi mamba anathawa nthawi yomweyo kuthamangira pofunafuna mwini kumupha, ndipo mudzaphunzira za iye kuthawa ndi kuluma mphezi pakhomo la chipinda.
Njoka wodzala limatichenjeza kuti olakwika mutu wa mamba akhoza kuchitika nthawi ina, ndiyeno Buku kwathunthu (monga momwe Mumaganizira inu) chokwawa adzanditchula ndi chigamulo pa inu ndipo nthawi yomweyo motsatira izo.
Terrarium makonzedwe
Ngati mfundo amenewa sanali kukhulupirira, kumbukirani zimene muyenera kusunga mambas wakuda kunyumba.
Choyamba, Voluminous terrarium okonzeka ndi zitseko mandala kutsogolo kwa penyani chimene chikuchitika mkati. Magawo a Njoka ndi kukhala ndi valavu Wopanda chipata:
- kutalika osachepera 1 mita,
- mozama 0.6-0.8 m,
- m'lifupi mwake 2 mamita.
Kachiwiri, Wandiweyani (moyo kapena yokumba) m'nkhalango pa snags ndi nthambi zimene zingakuthandizeni njoka atengere ku ukapolo. Nthambi Ndiponso adzateteza anthu mosaganizira anzawo kapena manyazi asavulale mwangozi.
Kachitatu, Zipangizo zirizonse chochuluka pansi: mambas wakuda ndi kagayidwe mwamsanga, ndi nyuzipepala singakwaniritse iwo.
Zokwawa mosavuta poona pa mpheto pang'ono mu malo obisalamo awo, kotero muyenera kuyeretsa terrarium ndi mambas mwamsanga ndipo nthawi zonse ndi magolovesi chapadera chimene chingathe kupirira mano yaitali njoka.
Zakudya
Kudyetsa mambas chikuchitika mwachizolowezi - 3 pa sabata. pafupipafupi Ichi ndi chifukwa wathunthu chimbudzi nthawi ya maola 24-36.
The zakudya mu ukapolo ndi wodzichepetsa: mbalame (nthawi 1-2 sabata) ndi makoswe ang'ono.
An mamba overfed adzakhala kumulavulira, kotero musati overdo izo. Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri chikumbutso: sizimadya njoka ndi tweezers - limayenda ndi liwiro mphezi ndipo sachita kulephereka.
Dendroaspis polylepis muyenera kupopera zonse. Ngati ndinu aulesi kwambiri kuchita zimenezi, kuika chadzaoneni. Mambas osamwa madzi nthawi zonse ntchito kumwa mbale monga fungo loipa, koma madzi akhale nafe.
Ngati simukufuna kuti Vulani zotsalira za khungu zakale ndi mchira wa zokwawa, onetsetsani kuti utsi njoka pa molting.
Ndingapite kugula
N'zokayikitsa kuti mudzapeza wakuda mamba wogulitsa pa msika mbalame kapena pa sitolo Pet. Terrarium maonekedwe ndi Intaneti kukuthandizani. Pofuna kuti alowe mu vuto mosamala onani wamalonda (makamaka ngati iye amakhala mu mzinda wina) - pemphani anzanu ndiponso kuonetsetsa kuti pali njoka weniweni.
Ndi bwino ngati inu kunyamula chokwawa nokha: Pankhaniyi, mudzatha kuti tichiphunzire matenda zotheka ndi kusiya nyama odwala.
Chomvetsa ngati njoka kugulitsidwa ku $ 1,000 kwa $ 10,000 maulendo kwa inu ndi katundu m'sitima. Chirichonse zingachitike pa msewu, kuphatikizapo imfa ya chokwawa a. Koma ndani akudziwa, mwina ndi mmene tsoka adzakutetezani ku chipsompsono koopsa wakuda mamba.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
The mamba wakuda ndi lalikulu kukula ndi kufika kutalika mamita 2.5-3, avareji kulemera kwa makilogalamu 1.6. Adzaupereka kwa banja aspid. Amaona motalikitsa wa njoka mu Africa. mchira wake ndi wautali. thupi flattened pamwamba ndi pansi. M'mimbamo mkati mkamwa ndi utoto wakuda ndi zoterozo kagawo wakupatsa njoka yomwetulira tione. Chotero ochekenera m'kamwa M'pofunika zokwawa adani mantha. Kutalika kwa mano chakupha ndi 2.5 mm. maso lalikulu, lakuda.
Kodi ngozi wakuda mamba zimawononga anthu
Monga mukudziwa, ululu wa njoka lagawidwa mitundu 2 kukhudzana ndi anthu: neurotoxic ndi hemavasotoxic. Mamba njoka kumakhudza neurotoxic, chifukwa cha zomwe HIV neuromuscular ali oletsedwa ndi ziwalo amapezeka. Pankhaniyi, zochita m'dera mu mawonekedwe a redness a khungu pa malo a kuluma ndi, edema pafupifupi sizichitika. Pali maganizo yomweyo ya ubongo ndi malo kupuma ziwalo, chifukwa mu imfa. Munthu amamva kupweteka moto malo kuluma, kumva kulasalasa milomo, masomphenya awiri, yeniyeni kukoma mkamwa amayamba kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, lakuthwa kupweteka m'mimba ndi mwachipembedzo. Thupi kutentha limatuluka, imfa ya mgwirizano kayendedwe amapezeka.
1 nthawi, njoka izi akhoza kumasula 400 mg poizoni, pafupifupi - 100-120 mg. Iye kangachititse kulumidwa osati angapo, koma anthu ambiri ina. Mlingo woopsa kwa munthu m'modzi 10-15 mg. Ndi kovuta kuti abuluke kulumidwa wa mamba a. Ndi kuluma mu chala, munthu amafa pasanathe maola 4, ndi kuluma mu nkhope - pambuyo 15-20 Mphindi.
Chipulumutso zitha kukhala yake, mkati mphindi 20, seramu jekeseni (mu nkhani ya kuluma mu mtsempha wa - mphindi zochepa). njira zina chikhalidwe ntchito kuluma njoka, monga woyamwa kunja poizoni, immobilizing nthambi, mukumwa mankhwalawa, etc., sizithandiza. The imfa ya zotsatira pamene seramu ndi sanalandire 100%.
Black mamba zili pa msika wa nyama zosowa ndi Ndipafupifupi $ 160. Iye amaonedwa kwambiri pakati okhometsa. Motero, munthu aliyense amene akufuna kuti amadziwa mmene angachitire njoka ndi zinthu zofunikira chifukwa tikukonza awo, angathe kukhala wakuda uyu ndi woyera zosowa.
Kudyetsa
Mamba ayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu pa mlungu. Kunyumba, kupereka mbalame ake ndi makoswe ang'ono. Pamene akudya njoka ndi kuchotsedwa zopangitsa chakupha chakudya moyo, mwini ayenera kupereka izo boma akufa.
Ngati mankhwala kuzizira, ndiye iwo ayenera thawed pamaso kudyetsa. Kupeza sipekitiramu zonse za mavitamini, zowonjezera ayenera anadzetsa zakudya za njoka, mwachitsanzo:
- Reptal
- ReptoKala
- ReptoLife.
Nyoka CHENJEZO wolunjika
Pamene kusunga zokwawa m'nyumba, muyenera kusamalira miyeso chitetezo:
- Ndikofunikira kuti ayeretse terrarium ndi magolovesi wapadera kapena kuchotsa chokwawa kwa izo.
- Ngati nkotheka, musati kunyamula njoka kapena kuchita icho ndi magolovesi wapadera.
- Odana ndi njoka seramu m'nyumba ndi kutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
- Ndi mwayi nthawi iliyonse kukaonana ndi herpetologist ndi madokotala.
- Onetsetsani kuti terrarium ndi airtight ndi adzatsekeredwa kutsekedwa.
- Ngati nkotheka, kuchotsa zopangitsa chakupha.
- Mulibe njoka mu mabanja ndi ana.
Choncho, wakuda mamba ndi mmodzi wa anthu ambiri oopsa pa dziko amene kuluma ndi oopsa kwa anthu. Komabe, okonda ankapitabe zosowa kuyamba kunyumba. Ngati muli a daredevils loterolo, muyenera kudziwa zimene amakonda wa njoka pamene wamoyo ndipo onetsetsani kuti mutidziwe ndi miyezo ya chitetezo pamene ungachite. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti zili kwa chokwawa chakupha amaika udindo yaikulu mwiniwake.
Nyoka kupuma ziwalo
Kodi njoka kupuma pakudya? Kodi iwo kukoka mpweya awo m'madzi? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi ena za njoka kupuma positi.
Dongosolo kupuma a njoka tichipeza mphuno Link (mphuno mu chithunzi), mphuno mwathu M'mimbamo m'mphuno, glottis, trachea, bronchi ndi mapapo imodzi kapena ziwiri. Palibe zakulera njoka, kupuma ikuchitika chifukwa cha ntchito minofu lili pakati pa nthiti. Inhalation ndi ndondomeko yogwira kuti amafuna minofu mavuto kuwonjezeka. Mpweya ndi ndondomeko chabe, yomwe ikuchitika chifukwa cha zosangalatsa minofu.
Mu chithunzi pamwambapa, M'mimbamo m'mphuno (inde, pomwe mkamwa) lili pakati pa mizere chachiwiri mano kumaoneka mwangwiro. Mphuno mkati chikugwirizana ndi kunja kupita mu izo. Pamene pakamwa njoka ndi yotsekedwa, M'mimbamo ndi chikugwirizana ndi glottis, kupyolera limene njoka kupuma.
Mosiyana ndi nyama, glottis njoka ndi yotsekedwa ndi kusakhulupirika (monga chithunzi pamwambapa), umathandiza lokha pa kupuma. The trachea zotsatirazi ndi mafoni ndithu, amene amalola njoka kupuma pakudya, kusuntha ndi glottis patsogolo kapena chammbali.
Wotchuka ukali wa njoka pa mpweya lakuthwa ali malinga ndi kugwedera waung'ono chichereŵechereŵe ndondomeko ili mkati glottis lapansi.
Pa mlingo wa mtima, trachea bifurcates ndi mipita mu bronchi, amene kugwirizana kwa mapapo imodzi kapena ziwiri.
Kapangidwe ka mapapo njoka mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi mtundu wa. The m'mapapo yotsalayi yafupika nthawi, kuti mwina kwina kapena alibe upambana 85% ya kukula kwa m'mapapo bwino. The m'mapapo lamanja zinchito ndipo lili pakati pa mtima ndi impso. mbali kutsogolo ndi atagonjetsa ndi maboti ndi nawo kuwombola mpweya (L), pamene kumbuyo gawo amachita ntchito ya kathumba mpweya (AS), malinga ndi kukula kwa amene njoka akhoza kukoka mpweya awo kwa nthawi zina (mitundu m'madzi tingakhale pansi madzi mpaka ola).
Zikomo kuwerenga, tsopano inu mukudziwa pang'ono pafupi :)
Chonyamulira cha imfa kapena kuyang'ana pansi pa mapazi anu! gawo III
Otsiriza za njoka kwambiri oopsa pa dziko.
* Tisanayambe zonsezi pamwambapa, kukaonana ndi herpetologist akatswiri *
Reticulated Python (Python reticulatus)
Lousy khalidwe ndi mano lakuthwa.
Reticulated Python ndi njoka yaitali pa dziko. Ngati iye akanakhoza kukweza thupi lake ngati mfumu mamba, iye kuyang'ana mu nyumba pa nsanja yachiwiri. The Python ali ndi kubisa mtundu wa mtundu nkhuni ndi chitsanzo mauna kapena woyera ndi chokongoletsera chikasu.
kukula pa avareji 7 m, koma khumi mita chitsanzo anapezanso.
Reticulated miyoyo Python mu nkhalango zotentha za South ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, angamasuke m'madera chinyezi pafupi mitsinje ndi mchere. Iye amasuntha pa mtunda ndi pa madzi, akwerera mitengo, relaxes m'mapanga ndi amakwawa m'madera anthu. Python A kupha nswala, kunyonga Ng'ona, kudya nguluwe kuukoka ziweto ndi kukoka tsinya pa munthu mu disapproving malangizo.
The kawopsedwe wa Python reticulated sayenera otonthoza.Ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu zam'mano zokutira kuti asiye chilonda chogontha, komanso thupi lamphamvu kuti athane ndi womutsutsayo.
Ngati anaconda si kugwa kwa kupha anthu, ndiye Python ukonde anatha kupanga phokoso. Poyamba, iye ndi wankhalwe ndikumaliza ndi mphamvu zakupha munthu. Munthawi zosiyanasiyana, anthu ankalandira zambiri zokhudzana ndi ana omwe aphedwa, achinyamata ndi achikulire. Chitsanzo chimodzi zinachitika mu 1998 pachilumba cha chisumbu cha Mindoro, Philippines. Wosowayo adapezeka mkati mwa phanga lalikulu. Zoterezi zidachitikanso pachilumba cha Sulawesi, Indonesia, pomwe bambo wosowa adapezekanso mkati mwa chitseko.
Black khosi mamba (Naja nigricollis)
Amafuna kukuvulira.
Cobra wopanda mkondo ndi njoka yomwe yazindikira kuti adani sangangoluma. Iye ali ndi mdima mtundu ndi kolala wakuda ndi khalidwe lalanje lamizeremizere pa mimba.
Cobra wakuda wakuda umakongoletsa ndi kukongola kwake ku Africa yonse. Imadyetsa makoswe, abuluzi, mazira ndi njoka, ngati sichingakhudzidwe ndi zilombo zina. Zilibe zoperewerazo ululu wamphamvu kwambiri ndi luso lapadera: iwo amalavulira ndi izo. Atangomva zowopsa, cobra imakwera m'mkatimo, kuthira zingwe, kupezeka ndi diso ndikuthira mtunda wa 3 mita.
«Mukakumana ndi maso, muzimutsuka ndi madzi ambiri"Ndipo kunena tiwonana kuti maso! Choyipa chachikulu, khungu khungu ndilo gawo lomaliza lowonongeka kwa ziphuphu, kupatula kupweteka kwambiri, kupsinjika pakhungu ndi kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano m'malo. Koma pafupifupi samwalira ndi kuluma.
Chaka chilichonse, wakuda khosi mamba ambiri intersecting ndi anthu. Dziko laulimi likukulira nthawi zonse, ndichifukwa chake njoka ili kufupi ndi malo okhala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala antchito akapunthwa pamphira, ndikungomata udzu, ndikulandidwa malovu m'maso.
Kambuku Nyoka (Notechis scutatus)
Wampikisano wina wochokera ku Australia. Adandiwuza nthabwala.
Atangotuluka kulowa Amabereka bala, Amabereka nsombazi ndi Amabereka njoka. Wofesa akuti:
"Imani pang'ono, koma kulibe akambuku ku Australia!"
Poof, akambuku kusiyiratu.
Shaki sangathe kuyenda! "
Poof, shaki imasowa.
Ayang'ana bartender pa njoka, njoka amayang'ana pa iye, ndipo akuti:
Mfuti imabwera moyenera mukakumana naye. Njoka ikaluma ikaluma kutali ndi malo azachipatala, ndikosavuta kudziwombera nthawi yomweyo. N'zosavuta kuzindikira mwa mtundu wake: ku chikasu wakuda ndi khalidwe nyalugwe chitsanzo. Imagwa pansi pa mapazi m'dziko lonselo, makamaka m'madambo pafupi ndi mitsinje yamadzi abwino. Pamenepo, njokayo imadyera mileme, abuluzi, achule, anapiye ndi njoka zina.
Kambuku njoka ndi mwamakani. Akamuopseza, amakula m'khosi, ndikupangitsa kuti awoneke ngati akusunthidwa ndi njinga. Ngati njirayi singathandize, koma mwina sichingachitike, imawukira. ululu wake ndi osakaniza a poizoni amene amawononga minyewa, coagulants ndi hemolysins. Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi yodziwika bwino: imapangitsa ntchito yamanjenje, imatulutsa magazi ambiri, ziwalo komanso asphyxiation. Imfa imapezeka mu 60% ya milandu. Ngati inu kuluma, muyenera mwachangu funani thandizo ndipo lowetsani mankhwala pamaso ziwalo amapezeka. Kupanda kutero imfa.
Nayi kanema wonena za tsiku wamba la Australia. Inu mukudziwa, nthawi iyi pamene inu muzituluka pa khonde la nyumba kupuma mpweya wabwino, ganizirani wosatha, ndipo apo bulauni mauna njoka kumenyana ndi nyalugwe.
Boomslang (Dispholidus typus)
"Njoka yakufa ya Boomslang imakupangitsani magazi kuchokera kumabowo anu onse mpaka mutafa," adatero Google Tafsiri.
Boomslang ndi njoka Ninja amene amawapopa ndi luso kuphatikiza chilengedwe, amaundana kwa nthawi yaitali aima wina ndi kuukira ndi liwiro mphezi. Akazi ndi a bulauni komanso akuda, amakonda kutsanzira nthambi. Amuna, obiriwira owala, amakonda kubisala masamba. Boomslang ali maso waukulu pakati njoka ndipo maso zazikulu. Amawona mu chithunzi cha mawonekedwe atatu ndipo amatha kuwerengera gawo lomwe lingamugwire.
Boomslang amakhala kumadera otentha a Africa, m'mitengo ndi mitengo. Izo zimakonda kudya abuluzi nkhuni, mbalame makamaka chameleons. Amagwira nyama patsogolo, ndipo imaponyera kutsogolo kwa thupi.
M'mbuyomu, ndiye kuti, mpaka pa Seputembara 26, 1957, sizinadziwike kuti ndi mtundu woopsa wa poizoni. Zinthu zinasintha pamene Boomslang inamuluma chala chachikulu cha herpetologist wotchuka Karl P. Schmidt. Schmidt anali wotsimikiza kuti njokayo, ikailidwa, sinatulutsireni poizoni wakupha ndipo sikhala ndi chilichonse. Ndipo anafa.
chiphe Boomslang ndi sioneka, monga zizindikiro za poyizoni kuonekera pamene tisachedwe kupulumutsa. Hemotoxins amawononga maselo ofiira amwazi, amasokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi ndikupangitsa magazi kutuluka mkati ndi kunja. Pambuyo kupweteka mutu, mseru ndi kugona, mano, mphuno ndi ... mabowo ena amayamba kutuluka magazi. Pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndithu ndipo iye afa.
Titanoboa (Titanoboa cerrejonensis)
Uyu ndiye mulungu wa njoka zonse. Malinga ndi nduna zambiri, iye anamwalira, koma kubadwa mwa namwali kwa njoka kale, ndipo, kotero, tsiku lina Iye adzabwerera. Titanoboa adawoneka ngati mgwirizano pakati pa anaconda kuchokera pa kanema Anaconda ndi chojambula chochokera kanema Harry Potter ndi Chamber of Zinsinsi. Anaconda adamasulidwa mu 1997, ndipo zotsalira za Titanoboa zidapezeka mu 2009 zokha.
Zonse zinayamba zaka 58 miliyoni zapitazo. Dzikoli lisanapume patatha ma dinosaurs atasowa, nyama zotsalazo zidakhala malo awo. Asayansi amati nyengo yotentha komanso kusakhalako kwa adani achilengedwe zinalola titanoboa kukula kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, iwo anakhala zinatha.
Chithunzi chachikulu cha titanoba chikuwonetsedwa ku Smithsonian University Museum of Natural History ku Washington. Malinga ndi asayansi, inafika kutalika kwa 15 m ndi kulemera pa tonne imodzi ndikutuluka mu Gigantofisa woyala, yemwe zotsalira zake zidapezeka m'zaka zapitazi. Titanoboa ndi Baibulo zikuluzikulu za anaconda lapansi. Anakhala nthawi yake yambiri m'madzi, pomwe amatha kukulitsa kuthamanga komanso kuthamanga. Adasaka ng’ona zazikulu, akamba ndi nsomba.
Kodi zingakhale zowopsa anthu? Funso lazopeka. Titanoboa inali kutalika kwa nyumba yazitali zisanu komanso kulemera kwa Toyota Selika (ton). Malinga ndi asayansi, 15 mamita si malire. Titanoboa ndiye njoka yayikulu kwambiri, yayitali kwambiri, komanso yoopsa kwambiri yomwe idakhalapo padziko lapansi.
Ndi njira zingati za imfa zomwe zadutsa vuto la chimphona ichi?
2. Iye anagwa pa inu.
3. Anakunyengani ngati SUV.
4. Adakubweretsani ku vuto la mtima pakuwoneka kamodzi.
6. Iye anawona mokakamiza wanu.
7. Anaphwanya gulugufe.
Njoka izi ndi amodzi mwa owopsa padziko lapansi, ngakhale mndandandawo suhera pamenepo. Iwo akhoza anapitiriza. Kupatula apo, pali mayi wosamala wowopsa kwambiri - ndi njoka za ku Texas, zotchedwa zazitali kwambiri - njoka ya ku Gabon, oyandikana nawo kwambiri - phokoso lanyenyezi komanso phokoso lamchenga. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi njoka zapoizoni, zonena zake zidzakhala zothandiza: mukazindikira pang'ono, ndiye kuti muzigona bwino.
Infuraredi "pamaso" njoka
Kodi mudaganizapo za cholinga cha maenje pankhope za oyimira ena a mabanja Python (Pythonidae), onama miyendo (Boidae) ndi subfamily Pit-mutu (Crotalinae)?
Carpet Python Harrisoni, Morelia spilota Harrisoni
Dog mutu boa constrictor, Corallus caninus
Kufiy Vogel, Trimeresurus Vogeli
Izi si mphuno zowonjezera komanso osati zokongoletsera zachilengedwe. Ichi ndi wapadera kutentha tcheru limba kuti amalola njoka (ngakhale akhungu!) "Kuona" nyama ndi zolusa mu mdima. Pankhani ya njoka za dzenje, amatenganso gawo pa thermoregulation, kuzindikira malo omwe ali ndi malo oyenera. Omalizira adawululidwa chifukwa chotsatira zoyesa ma Y-mawonekedwe owoneka ngati Y, pomwe kumapeto kwake kunali kutentha kwa njoka, ndipo kumapeto kwake kunali kambiri kwambiri. oimira onse a pitheads akanasankhidwa kuyesera mwamsanga anapeza zone omasuka, pamene nthumwi za Viperinae sanali kupirira ntchito (Tiyenera kudziwa apa kuti njoka sizimamva bwino kutentha kwa thupi, zomwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutentha ngati njoka zisasungidwe bwino).
Kusiyana pakati pa ziwalo mu pitheads ndi ma pythons okhala ndi boas sikugwira ntchito kokha, komanso kumatomical. Pitheads ndi lina lalikulu kutentha tcheru fossa pakati pa diso ndi mphuno mbali zonse za mutu, pamene pythons ndi boas ndi ku magulu atatu a fossae ochepa ili kumtunda ndi / kapena kuchepera mlomo. Bowo lililonse ndi thumba lakuya lomwe lili ndi nembanemba yomwe imatha kutola mafunde kuchokera ma maikuloni 5 mpaka 30 kutalika kwa mtunda wa mita 1. Mu ma python ndi boas, nembanemba imakwirira dzenjelo kuchokera mkati, pomwe njoka za dzenje, membrane amatambasulidwa, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli mawonekedwe odzaza ndi mpweya. Kakhungu imakhala ziwiya zambiri magazi ndi maselo mitsempha; dzenje la kumutu, zolandilira Komanso ili pa izo, zomwe ndi mbali ya mitsempha trigeminal.
Choyamba, minyewa yamanjenje imazindikira kutentha komwe kumadziwika, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwapakati pazinthu zozungulira. Chilichonse chikangowoneka pafupi ndi njokayo yomwe kutentha kwake kumapitirira malire osafunikira a gawo (lolondola mpaka chikwi cha digiri Celsius), ulusi wamitsempha yama membala umagwira ma radiation yowonjezera ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwawo, kutumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo. Pamene nzothandiza masamba "munda wa masomphenya" njoka, omwe akamazizira Kakhungu kutentha ndale chifukwa Mitsempha mu 50-150 milliseconds.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi cholandiracho chimakhala chatsatanetsatane, chimazindikira komwe chimagona ndi mtunda kwa icho ndikulola njokayo kulowa m'malo osatetezeka kwambiri a thupi (mutu, khosi, thupi lapamwamba).