Pa Volga kapoloyu amatchedwa nsomba yoyera, ku Astrakhan - Belinkaya, pa Sura - chotenthetsera, m'mitsinje ya Siberia ndi nelma, nelmina, nelmushka, pa Surgut - samonkul.
Whitefish kapena nelma (lat. Stenodus leucichthys) - ndi amodzi mwa gulu la azinsomba kuchokera ku banja la ma salmonids (Salmonidae). Imapezeka kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, kuchokera pomwe imakwera ndikuponya caviar kupita ku Volga ndipo, pang'ono, kupita ku Urals. Imakwera Volga kwambiri - kwa Tver ndi Rzhev, kupita ku Oka kupita ku Serpukhov ndi Kaluga, kupita ku Sheksna kupita ku Beloozero. Koma kuchuluka kochulukirapo kwa nsomba zoyera kumadzera ku Kama ndi mabungwe ake: Ufa, Belaya, Chusovaya ndi Vishera. Whitefish siochuluka mumtsinje wakumpoto - ku Northern Dvina, Pechora, ndi Ob.
Mitunduyi imayikidwa pangozi. Adalemba Buku Lofiyira.
Whitefish - imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, zimatalika mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka m'litali ndi 15 kg yolemera kapena kupitirira. Kusiyana kwa kugonana kumawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, champhongo chimakhala chocheperako pang'ono kuposa chachikazi. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya nsomba ndi nsagwada ya m'munsi, ndi yayitali pang'ono kuposa kumtunda, kumtunda kumafikira kumaso. Thupi limakhala lokwera, lakuda. Mtundu ndi siliva, msana ndi mtundu wa buluu, m'mimba muli zoyera, zipsepse ndi zipsepse zamkati ndi zofiirira, zotsalazo ndi imvi. Nsomba zamalonda zamtengo wapatali kwambiri chifukwa cha nyama yapamwamba, yamafuta (18-26% yamafuta), yomwe mafuta osunthika amapangidwa.
Belorybitsa amalowa mu Volga kuchokera kunyanja kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira, mu February komanso kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, asanatsegule mitsinje, amasankha nthambi zazifupi kwambiri ndikupita pansi pa ayezi, motsutsana ndi magetsi amphamvu. Mu Volga yotsikirako, simakhalabe, koma imapita ku Volga yapamwamba ndipo makamaka ku Kama, imakhala pachilimwe m'malo ozama, imazizira pakugwa, ndikubwerera kunyanja. Nsomba zoyera zazing'ono sizodziwika konse kwa asodzi a Volga, mwanjira iliyonse, achisanu nthawi yachisanu kapena kusefukira kwamadzi amasiya mitsinje munyanja, pomwe amakhalapo mpaka atakula. Njira yamoyo ya nsomba zoyera sizidziwika pang'ono, chifukwa cha kukula kwake pang'ono, kusamala ndikukhala mozama, chakudya chake chimakhala, mwina, makamaka cha nsomba zazing'ono. Ku Volga, pafupi ndi Volgograd, mudakali nsomba yoyera - kumbuyo kwa Volga ndi manja a Volga kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Marichi mutha kugwira nsomba izi.
Whitefish ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa malonda, ngakhale kuti nsomba yake ndi yaying'ono malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa. Mtengo wake, nsomba zoyera zimakhala pamalo oyamba pambuyo pa nsomba zofiira (sturgeon). Nyama yake ndiyoyera, yosemedwa mosavuta m'mbale ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwake. Kugulitsa, nsomba zoyera ndizoyala kapena kuwotedwa kumene.
Kutulutsidwa m'madzi, kumadzakhala kotentha nthawi yachisanu, koma kumagona mwachangu kwambiri nthawi yotentha ndipo sikungasungidwe osayenera. White nsomba roe amayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Kugwira nsomba zoyera kumasinthasintha kwambiri, kutengera ndi omwe adasamba. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa zaka za makumi asanu ndi awiri komanso koyambirira kwa zaka zam'mbuyomo adagwidwa pang'ono ku Volga kotero adaganiza kuti adasamutsidwa kwathunthu, mu 1885 padali nsomba zoyera kwambiri zomwe zidagulitsidwa munyanja kotero kuti ku Astrakhan idagulitsidwa pa 1 p. za pood.
Masiku ano, nsomba zoyera zitha kugulidwa m'malo ophera nsomba makamaka m'mizinda ina yayikulu yomwe siikugwirizana ndi usodzi. Nsomba zimagulitsidwa chazira, zouma kapena zamchere. Nsomba zouma kapena zachisanu kuphika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi monga zatsopano: zimayesedwa, kupatsidwa mafuta, kuwiritsa m'madzi ndi kuwotchera, kuphika pa grill ndi uvuni. Nyama yoyera, yanthete ya nsomba zoyera imayenda bwino ndi masuzi osiyanasiyana ochokera ku zitsamba zatsopano, zipatso ndi tomato.
Malangizo ena ophikira nsomba zoyera
Nsomba zokhala ndi makala okazinga zimaperekedwa bwino ngati kutentha kwa makala ndi pang'ono, apo ayi pamakhala ngozi yoti nsomba iziphwanya. Nsomba zam'madzi zisanachitike ndi mchere, shuga, tsabola ndi zoyera, vinyo wouma (akhoza m'malo ndi mandimu pakati ndi madzi).
Nsomba zaphika zimaphikidwa muzidutswa zazikulu kuti zisungike juiciness ndikuthandizira ndi mpunga wophika, masamba kapena kuwonjezeredwa podzaza yisiti.
Msuzi Woyera wa nsomba umaphika ndi mbatata ndipo umaphimbidwa ndi mizu yowotchera: anyezi, kaloti, parsley, parsnips.
Mpunga ndi nsomba ndichakudya chamtundu wa Kalmyk. Konzekerani pamaziko a pilaf mu cauldron yayikulu. Amasenda tsabola ndi mchere. Tumikirani mbale mu mbale, kuthira ndi mafuta osungunuka. Pa Volga, nsomba yoyera imasuta mozizira, ndikupeza khonde labwino komanso lotchuka. Stroganina wochokera ku nsomba zoyera amaphika Kumpoto. Kuti muchite izi, ingoyimitsani nsomba ndikuyigwira kwa mphindi 5 kutentha kwa firiji musanatumikire, kenako ndi kuwaza bwino. Nthawi zina stroganina imasakanizidwa ndi anyezi yaiwisi.
Mtanthauzira mawu ofanana. 2012.
Habitat
1. Mbedza imakhala ngati nsomba yeniyeni (Stedonus leucichthys leucichthys) m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Caspian, imayenda m'njira yozizira, nthawi yozizira munyanja, ndikusiya mu kasupe mumtsinje.
- Volga
- Ural
- Choyera
- Chusovoy
- Ufu
- Terek
- Kama ndi ena.Komwe amayimirira m'makola asanatulutse, kudya nsomba zazing'ono.
2. Mtundu wina, nsomba yoyera ya kumpoto yotchedwa Nelma (Stedonus leucichthys nelma), imatha kupezeka m'mitsinje ikuyenda ku Arctic Ocean.
Kufalikira
Kukula kwa nsomba zoyera kumachitika pazaka 4-5. Zimamera kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mbedza yoyera imalowera mu Volga ndikunyamuka mmalo mwake mpaka malo obalalirana. Kukwera kumatha kutenga miyezi inayi. Mu Okutobala Novembala, kusonkhana pazigawo za mitsinje yokhala ndi miyala kapena dothi lamchenga m'malo omwe muli makiyi, mateyala. Mkazi m'modzi amameza mazira 100,000 mpaka 500,000 omwe amata pansi. M'mwezi wa Marichi, madzi akuwotha, mwachangu kuwira mazira, omwe amaterera kulowa mnyanja, akudyetsa kwa nthawi yoyamba miyezi yambiri ya moyo, mphutsi zazomera ndi crustaceans. Popeza afika masentimita 30 kukula, amasintha kudya.
Zoyenera kugwira nsomba yoyera
Popeza nsomba zansomba ndizodyera nyama zokha, zimatenga zida zoyenerera kuti zigwiritsidwe. Amagwidwa onse ndi abulu, komwe nsomba zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo, komanso kudzera mu kuluka. Pongolota sonkhanitsani timitundu tating'onoting'ono tamitundu yoyera. Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira ndi nsomba yakufa kapena nyambo zingapo zaposachedwa zamitundu yayitali. Wagwidwa ndi ozungulirapo.
Monga nsomba zina zonse, ilinso kulumpha ntchentche pamene ikuwedza ntchentche. Zopaza za nyama zojambulidwa kupatula nyambo yamoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukamagwira nsomba yoyera
Amakhala bwino m'mawa komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Ndizosatheka kugwira usiku. Nthawi yosodza imatha kuyambira pa Epulo mpaka Novembala. Wotsogola amadana, koma amatopa msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutenga ukonde.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nsomba ndi za Buku Lofiyira ndipo m'malo ambiri kusodza nsomba sizoletsedwa.
Posachedwa, chifukwa chogwira nsomba zoyera ndi osaka komanso kuwononga nsomba m'malo obzala mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zoyera kumachepetsedwa, ndikupatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi zaka 8-10 ndipo amatha kubzala kamodzi kokha m'moyo wake. Zitha kuzimiririka ngati chinyama konse.
Chifukwa chake, kusodza nyama zodya sizoletsedwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo pang'ono, kugwidwa kumangochitika mwangozi, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha, kapena kugwa posakhalitsa pomwe kumatuluka kuchokera kumitsinje yatsopano kupita kunyanja.
Maphikidwe ophika
Ngakhale kuti nsomba zaletsedwa, palibe amene akutetezeka mwangozi. Mukatulutsira madziwo m'madzi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kuvulala komwe kumachitika mukataya kapena kuluma. Palibe chomwe chatsala koma kudziwa maphikidwe ophika nsomba zoyera.
Nyama ya nsomba yoyera yomwe nsomba imakhala yosakoma komanso yathanzi, imodzi mwa mbale zomwe zimatha kukonzedwa.
Chinsinsi chilichonse chotsatira
- nsomba (mutu, mchira, zipsepse, mafupa) 0,5 kg
- 6 mbatata zazing'ono
- anyezi 2govki ang'ono
- 1 karoti
- 7 nandolo ya tsabola wokometsera, tsamba la 3 Bay ma PC
- mulu wazinyalala
- mchere kulawa
- Timatsuka nsomba kuchokera pasikelo, kumatinya, timalekanitsa mutu, mchira, kudula filimu. Kuchokera ku nsomba zam'madzi ndizambiri zabwino kwambiri.
- Timachotsa zozungulira m'mutu, kuyika mutu, mchira, mafupa mumphika wakuya.
- Dzazani ndi malita atatu amadzi ozizira, mchere ndikuyika simmer pa moto wochepa mpaka thovu litawonekera.
- Chotsani chithovu, ikani tsabola wokometsera, lavrushka, anyezi umodzi, kuphika kwa mphindi 30.
- Timatenga zowonjezera kuchokera ku msuzi, mutha kupanikizana ndi sieve ndikuyika anyezi wosweka, mbatata zokometsera ndi kaloti. Kuphika moto wochepa pansi pa chivindikiro kwa mphindi 20.
- Kutsukidwa bwino ndi amadyera osenda bwino, azikongoletsa msuzi womwe unathiridwa m'migawo.
Yophika Whitefish
Nsomba yophika kapena yogula imatha kuphikidwa mu zojambulazo pogwiritsa ntchito uvuni kapena makala amoto, nthawi yophika ndi ola limodzi ndi ola limodzi ndi mphindi 10. 86 kcal pa 100 gr. Mwanjira imeneyi, nsomba ndizokoma kwambiri.
- nyama 850 gr
- chipatso cha ndimu
- adyo 2 cloves
- anyezi 2 ma PC. (kukula pa amateur)
- mafuta a maolivi 3 tbsp. malo ogona (amatha kusinthidwa ndi masamba)
- phwetekere, tsabola belu 1 pc.
- karoti wapakati 2
- nsomba zokometsera
- uzitsine mchere, makamaka nyanja.
- amadyera (parsley kapena katsabola)
Kuphika ndikofunikira
- Oyera, m'matumbo, nadzatsuka ndi kupukuta pang'ono ndi thaulo.
- Dulani ndimuyo mbali ziwiri ndikufinya imodzi kapu. Kuphatikiza adyo wosakaniza, onjezani adyo ku msuzi, uzipereka mchere ndi zokometsera. Sakanizani bwino komanso mowolowa manja pophika msanganizo ndi nsomba, kusiya kumayenda kwa mphindi 30.
- Sambani kaloti ndi kusenda, nadula mozungulira, anyezi, kotala ya mphete, udzu wa tsabola. Wotani poto wokazinga ndi mafuta ndi masamba a soseji. Onjezani zinthu zothira mchere ndi mchere.
- Dulani phwetekere ndi theka ndimu mu mphete.
- Pansi pa mbaleyo, ikani mbale yophika ndi chopondera pakati pa pepala la zojambulazo zokwanira kulunga nsomba. Mafuta ndi mafuta.
- Pangani mabala angapo mbali imodzi ya mtembo wochotsa ndi anyezi ndi phwetekere. Ikani chotsekeracho papepala lophika ndi mbali yonse. Mangani pamimba, mukusinthana ndi magawo a phwetekere ndi mandimu. Ikani masamba obiriwira pamwamba. Ikani ndimu ndi tomato otsalira paminyezo.
- Finyani zamasamba zotsukidwa ndi zosefera pamwamba pa nsomba. Pukuta m'mbali mwa pepalalo, kutseka mtembo ndikuyika kuphika mu uvuni kapena makala, kwa mphindi pafupifupi 30. Onetsetsani kuti kulibe moto waukulu.
Njira zogwirira nsomba zoyera
Kusodza kwa Whitefish sizachilendo, chifukwa nthawi yonse chifukwa cha chisamaliro imapezeka mu mtsinje ndipo anthu ake akumakhala akucheperachepera. Koma nthawi zina zimatha kudumphira ukonde kapena ndodo yopindika. Momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito ma baubles, zokopa, zazingwe, nyambo yamoyo. Akamamatira mbedza, amayamba kupita pamwamba pamadzi, poganiza kuti ndikosavuta kumasula. Chifukwa chake, mukangoluma, mzere umangodumphira. Kusodza kwa Whitefish ndi mphindi yosaiwalika m'moyo. Amalimbana ndikumenya nkhondo mpaka komaliza. Zonsezi zimatsatiridwa ndi kudumpha ndi maphokoso amadzi akulu. Kugwira kwake kumatha kupereka mulu wa malingaliro apadera.
Zithunzi: nsomba zoyera (zithunzi 25)
Zopindulitsa thupi la munthu
Whitefish ili ndi tanthauzo lakupatsa thanzi kwa thupi laumunthu malinga ndi zopatsa mphamvu ndi zakudya, komanso zomwe zili muzakudya. Nyama yake ikumbidwa bwino. Muli ndi zinthu monga:
- mapuloteni ambiri
- Vitamini PP (amatenga nawo kagayidwe kazakudya komanso mafuta a metabolism, kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi ndikuwonjezera zomwe zili lipoproteins, zomwe zimalepheretsa atherosulinosis ndi thrombosis),
- Vitamini D (wokhudzidwa ndi kupanga mapangidwe a minofu)
- Vitamini B12 (wokhudzidwa ndi hematopoiesis ndi kufalitsa kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha)
- omega 3 ndi 6 polyunsaturated mafuta acids, omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi metabolism. Amalepheretsa thrombosis, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, mitsempha ya varicose, zotupa,
- macro- ndi ma microelements (potaziyamu, phosphorous, sulufu, zinc, ayodini, fluorine, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, chlorine).
Izi zimawonedwa kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chithokomiro, zotupa ndi mtima dongosolo, mafupa ndi mafupa, mwa ana pofuna kupewa ma ricores. Nyama yoyera imatha kulimbikitsidwa kwa amayi apakati monga gwero la mafuta ochulukirapo a mavitamini ndi mavitamini, omwe amathandizira kukhazikitsa koyenera kwa dongosolo la mantha a fetal. Amalimbikitsidwanso kwambiri ndi madokotala kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi. Whitefish ndi nsomba yamafuta koma otsika-kalori (88 magalamu ali ndi magalamu 100).
Pali contraindication ntchito nsomba zoyera - thupi lawo siligwirizana nsomba, gastritis, kapamba, cholecystitis.
Kuphika nsomba zoyera
Nyama ya nsomba wosakhwima kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zonunkhira bwino. Imayimiriridwa ndi zigawo zoyera, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa bwino. Whitefish imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, motero, ndipo zofunkha mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, asodzi amakonda kupha nsomba nthawi yomweyo pagombe ndi mchere kapena utsi. M'masitolo, amangogulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe owundana, ndipo samapezeka kawirikawiri, chifukwa imawerengedwa ngati chakumpoto. Muyenera kugula nsomba zokhazokha m'malo otsimikiziridwa kuti mupewe mavuto.
Kuphatikiza pa salting ndi kusuta, njira zina zophikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepo. Itha kuphika, yokazinga, yophika, kuwotcha. Makamaka okoma ndi khutu ndi hodgepodge. Khonde lokhala ndi kukoma kosazolowereka ndilofala kwambiri.
Pansipa pali maphikidwe ena ophikira ndi nsomba.
Yokazinga mu poto - yoyera yoyera
- 1 nsomba yayikulu yoyera yoyeretsedwa m'miyeso,
- 1 tsabola yaying'ono yobiriwira tsabola
- mandimu,
- mafuta,
- tomato ena amchere
- mchere ndi tsabola kulawa.
Njira Yophika. Sungani njere pasadakhale ndikuwanyowetsa m'madzi ozizira kwa mphindi 30. Kenako kudula nsomba zowondedwazo kukhala ziwiri za masentimita awiri ndikuwazaza ndi citric acid. Preheat poto - grill. Thirani mafuta pang'ono a azitona, dikirani mpaka atenthe ndikuyika theka la tsabola ndi chidutswa cha tarragon pamenepo, chomwe chingapangitse mbale kukhala ndi chidwi ndi fungo labwino. Pambuyo pa mphindi 5 mpaka 10, mutha kuyika nsomba pansi pa poto. Popeza imaphika mwachangu, itatha mphindi zitatu imatha kusintha. Finyani tsabola ndi mchere kumbali yowotchera. Chotsani mbaleyo pamoto. Kenako ikani kagawo ka mandimu pachilichonse ndikuphimba poto kwa mphindi 5.
Kukongoletsa nsomba ndi parsley ndi tomato. Tumikirani ndi mpunga ndi mikate yoyera kapena yoyera.
Yophika nsomba zoyera
Chokoma kwambiri komanso yowutsa mudyo ndi nsomba yoyera, yodumphidwa ndi boiler kapena yophika pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zonse zofunikira zimasungidwa mmenemo.
Koma anthu ambiri sakonda nsomba yowiritsa, poganiza kuti ndi yopanda vuto. Potsutsana ndi izi, njira yophikira nsomba yoyera yophika msuzi ikufotokozedwa pano.
- Whitefish kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono
- 3 anyezi,
- Mapesi angapo achikopa,
- Gulu la parsley,
- Gulu la udzu winawake
- 5-6 nandolo wazinthu zonse,
- 2-3 masamba ang'ono omwera.
Njira yophika. Wiritsani msuzi wamasamba, ndikuwonjezera zinthu zonse kupatula nsomba pamenepo. Ikaphika, onjezani nsomba zamphika ndikuphika kwa mphindi 20. Chotsani nsomba pamsuzi, valani mbale ndikukongoletsa ndi masamba. Tumikirani mbatata yophika kapena mpunga. Amatha kukonzedwa ndi horseradish kapena msuzi wa bowa. Komanso kulawa kwambiri ndi maapulo.
Nelma
Nthawi zambiri, nelmu ndi whitefish zimawonedwa ngati nsomba imodzi, koma izi siziri choncho. Ali m'gulu la nsomba zodziwika bwino ndipo amakhala m'mitsinje imodzimodzi. Kusiyana kwawo kuli ndi kuti:
- Nelma ndi mbadwa ya Arctic Ocean,
- Kutalika kwa nelm kumafika mita 1.5, ndipo kumatha kulemera makilogalamu 28 (nthawi zina, 40 makilogalamu),
- Kufalikira kwa Nelma kumachitika mu Seputembara.
Kupanda kutero, nsomba ziwiri izi ndizofanana.
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba zoyera
Nelma ndi nsomba yosamukira. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 1 cm 50. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu izi zimakhala ndi mutu wocheperako, kamwa yayikulu ndi nsagwada ya m'munsi yotalika, komanso lalitali komanso lakuthwa kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina.
Pathunthu pali zipsepse 8. Anal imakhala pafupi ndi mchira, komanso m'mimba yaying'ono - pakati pamimba. Zipsepse zam'malo zimapezeka pafupi ndi zotchingira, ndipo mchira wake umakhala wowoneka bwino. Zipsepse za dorsal ndi caudal zimawoneka zakuda kuposa zina zonse.Mtundu wa masikelo ndi siliva, koma kumbuyo kumatha kuoneka wotuwa, wabuluu kapena zofiirira. Nyama ya Nelma ndi yoyera, yopanda mafuta komanso mafuta. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu kuyambira 14 mpaka 25 kg.
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nsomba zoyera zimadya plankton, pambuyo pake zimayamba kusaka nsomba zazing'ono. Amakhala m'madzi amitsinje ndi m'mitsinje kapena m'madzi otsetsereka pafupi ndi nyanja. Pakutuluka, nelma imatha kusuntha kwa 1,500 km. Stenodus Nelma m'mbuyomu ankawaganizira kuti ndi mabungwe a Stenodus Leucichthys, omwe amakhala munyanja ya Caspian, ndipo tsopano akuti amwalira.
Ku North America, biology ya nsomba imeneyi sinamveke bwino, koma kafukufuku wachitika ku Siberia.
Moyo wa Whitefish
Kutambalala kumayenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa mvula, koma pakadali pano sipanaperekedwepo mwachindunji kachitidwe kamatenda a nelma kapena mafotokozedwe ake oyambira. Amaganiziridwa kuti munthu aliyense amatchera zaka 2-4 zilizonse. M'malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba zoyera zimakhala munyanja (nyanja), ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito mitsinje yamadzi abwino posamba. Nelma, yemwe amakhala m'madzi am'nyanja, amakhala m'madzi abwino moyo wake wonse ndipo amaterera misonkho.
Kukula kwachinyamata mwina kumakhala kumatsika mitsinje kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri, kenako nkutsikira mumadzi ambiri. Nsombazi zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka pafupifupi 7, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosaposa zaka 12. Komabe, ofufuza aku Siberiya analemba munthu amene anali wazaka 21. Mbedza zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kumayambira 45 mpaka 75 cm, ndipo fanizo limodzi lomwe linagwidwa pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Mackenzie linafika 1.5m kutalika ndipo linali lolemera kuposa 28 kg.
Kukula kwa nelma kumachitika chifukwa cha chakudya chake. Akuluakulu amadya nsomba zochepa. Kwenikweni, izi ndi nsomba zina zoyera, koma ma pike, ndodo, gudgeon, arctic lamprey ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nsomba zina zoyera zimatha kudya. Kukula kwazing'ono kumadalira mphutsi zamtundu ndi crankaceic crustaceans. Nthawi yayitali, kusintha kwa chakudya kumachitika pamene chinsomba chimasamukira kumadzi ambiri kuti akayambe moyo wachikulire. Pofika pano, nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulupo kuti isamaope adani ena. Komabe, munthu wamkulu kwambiri amadya wachinyamata mwachangu, osatchulanso zilombo monga pike ndi burbot.
Zithunzi: whitefish, kapena nelma (zithunzi 25)
Kugwira nsomba zoyera
Izi nsomba sizikuyenda bwino pamsika, koma zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ngati chakudya cha anthu ndi ziweto. Nthawi zambiri, ma nelma amagwidwa pamitsinje ndi maukonde kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pambuyo pake amadulidwa ndikuyimitsidwa panja kapena kusuta.
Nyama yamafuta a nsomba iyi ndioyenera kusuta kuposa kugulitsa mitundu yosaphika.
Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chomwe American Nelma imakhala yokulirapo kuposa Eurasian. Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti nsomba zimafunikira kuphunzira mosamala. Akatswiri opanga mawayilesi aku America agogomezera kuti Nelma ndiwowombera nkhondo wamkulu yemwe amakana kwambiri akakumana ndi mbedza. Amalolera nyamboyo mwakuya pafupifupi mamita 4, kenako atakwera pamadzi ndi liwiro labwino. Poyesera kuti amasuke ku mbedza, nsomba yoyera imayamba kudumpha.
Khalidwe la ma nelma owoneka ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi momwe nyanja zimachokera komanso momwe zimakhalira. Pambuyo kuluma, chingwe chodumphacho chimangonyamuka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo izi zikuwonetsa kuti nsombazo zimayamba kuyandama pamwamba. Mwinanso Nelma amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi zidzakhala zosavuta kuti amasule ku mbedza. Akatswiri opindika amati kulimbana ndi chinsomba ndi chiwonetsero chodabwitsa, chomwe chimatsatiridwa ndi kudumphadumpha kwakukulu komanso kukweza kwakukulu. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nsomba yayikulu siyodziwika ndi ma angler, chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yabwino yomenyera komanso katundu wabwino wapamwamba. Asodzi odziwa bwino nthawi zina amatha kugwira nsomba zomwe zimatalika kuposa 1 m.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza thupi la munthu
Akatswiri azakudya amazindikira kuti nsomba zoyera ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zamtundu wa munthu. Izi ndichifukwa chake zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimaphatikizapo calcium, mavitamini, zinc, chlorine ndi zinthu zina zambiri zomwe sizingachitike. Zopatsa mphamvu zake zopatsa mphamvu ndizongokwana 112 kcal pa 100 g ya mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, mafuta ochokera ku nsomba yomwe ikunenedwa ndi abwino kwa ana ndi chakudya chamagulu. Yophika nsomba zoyera zimatha kusangalatsidwa ngakhale pakudya kwamphamvu kwambiri.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya nsomba kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto m'mimba ndi matumbo, komanso akuvutika ndi zovuta za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro komanso mafupa. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti kuwonekera pafupipafupi kwa nsomba zoyera mumndandanda kumachepetsa chiopsezo chamikwingwirima ndi mtima.
Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a chiwindi komanso / kapamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kumadya nsomba zomwe zikufunsidwa mosamala. Zabwino koposa zonse - mu mawonekedwe owiritsa komanso magawo ochepa.
Contraindication ndi Kusamala
Ndani amalephera kudya nsomba yoyera?
Ndiwotetezedwa, koma omwe samakonda nsomba zambiri sayenera kudya nsomba yoyera. Nsomba zoyera zokhazokha sizifunikira kudyedwa ndi iwo omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba komanso matenda ena ammimba, ndipo nsomba zambiri zamafuta ziyenera kutayidwa ngati pali zovuta ndi kapamba ndi chiwindi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nsomba zoyera zimawonongeka msanga, chifukwa chake muyenera kuzigula m'masitolo odalirika omwe amalemekeza mbiri yawo, ndikuyang'anira kununkhira kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake - izi zikugwira ntchito kwa nsomba iliyonse yozizira.
Ponena za kuchepa thupi, mutha kudzikonzera nokha zakudya zapadera pa nsomba yoyera, ndikuchotsa kulemera kwakukulu pamlingo wa 2-3 kg pa sabata.
Nkhani yotetezedwa ndi ufulu waumwini ndi ufulu wokhudzana nawo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndikusindikiza, ulalo wolumikizidwa ku tsamba la akazi www.inmoment.ru uyenera!
Kuphika:
- Thirani zidutswa za nsomba limodzi ndi mafupa ndi madzi, mchere ndikutumiza kuti aphike.
- Pambuyo 17 - 20 mphindi kuwonjezera kwa iwo onse akanadulidwa masamba.
- Mchere msuzi kuti mulawe.
- Wiritsani mpaka nsomba zoyera ndi mbatata zikonzeka.
Zakudya zamtundu wachifumuwu zimakopa chidwi kwa anthu ochepa kwambiri m'banjamo. Mu mawonekedwe a purees opanda mbewu, amatha kuperekedwanso kwa ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi.
Lawani komanso kuphika nsomba zoyera
Nsomba yoyera imakhala yokoma kwambiri
koma sungagule ngakhale nsomba zowuma pamalo ogulitsira. Mwambiri, singangokhala mchere kapena kusuta, komanso kuwiritsa, kuwotcha ndi kuwupatsa mphamvu, mutapeza bwino hodgepodge komanso khutu lodabwitsa.
Akatswiri azakudya samalimbikitsa kuti azikazinga nsomba - kutumphuka kwamtunduwu sikuthandizira kulemera koyenera, koma kwa iwo omwe saopa mapaundi owonjezera, nthawi zina mungadye nsomba zokhazika - ndizokoma kwambiri. Kutiiphike kwa nthawi yayitali - zidzakhala zokwanira mphindi 20, koma zidzakhala zosangalatsa ndi zokometsera.
Zander
Sudak - Mayina amderalo Sudok, sula (pa Nyanja ya Azov), undercoat (osaya), kuwaza (cholakwika), chinsinsi (cholakwika), bershovnik, koha (Est.), Zandarts (Latvia), perch-pike (Eng. ), nsomba za btmia (Chibugariya), Zander (Chijeremani), gjors (Norwegian), sandacz (Polish), salau (rum.), buzoun levrek (Turkish), kuha (Fin.), gos (Sweden. )
Miyoyo ya m'mitsinje, nyanja ndi madera am'nyanja. Imagwira pansi, koma imakwera pamwamba. Pakati pa nyanjayi, iye amakonda malo owoneka bwino, okhala ndi plankton, komanso mpweya wabwino wa okosijeni, amasunga malo opanda masamba, pakuya kwa mamita 3-4, mitundu yamitundu isodzi yamadzi ndiyotchuka kwambiri pankhani zachuma. Pali mitundu iwiri yachilengedwe ya zander, madzi oyera (okhala) ndi theka-ndime. Kupendekera kwapadera, kupatsa pafupifupi 90% ya nsomba zonse zomwe zimapangidwa, mitundu yosiyanitsidwa, mitsinje yomwe madzi amatuluka (Don, Kuban, Volga, Kurinsky, etc.). • Kutumphuka kumachitika mu (Marichi) Epulo - Meyi (kumpoto - mu Juni komanso ngakhale Julayi) m'maenje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kutentha kwa madzi kwa 12-16 ° (makamaka pa 1920 °), nthawi zina kumatuluka m'madzi osakhwimitsa mpaka madzi a 2,5-3 ° / 0 °. Caviar imayikidwa pakuya kwa 0,5-1 m pazoyambira za mbeu. Masiku oyambilira amasungidwa ndi wamwamuna. Chonde mu ma pike akuluakulu amaikira mazira oposa 1 miliyoni, mu nsomba 40-60 cm kutalika kwa mazira 200-500. Mazira ndi omata, achikasu amtundu, 1.25-1.40 mm kukula, ndi dontho lalikulu lamafuta. Kukula kumatenga masiku 10 pamadzi otentha a 15 ° ndi masiku atatu kapena anayi pa 18-20 °. Mphutsi imakhala ndi 4 mm pamene ikaswa. Pazaka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka, akufika kutalika kwa masentimita 7-8, amathira kulowa kunyanja, komwe pofika nthawi yophukira amafikira 17 cm (m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupifupi 15 cm). Kutalika kwakukulu kwambiri kwa ma pike ndi 130 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 20 kg. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zander zimayamba kubadwa pazaka zitatu mpaka zinayi. Sewu la anyani am'madzi limadya ma crustaceans, mphutsi za chironomid. Akuluakulu zander ndi nyama yolusa: kumwera imadyera ma gobies, kilka (sprat), hamsa, ana achichepere, komanso ma mysids, gammarids, shrimps, mu nyanja - kusungunuka, kuwuma, Roach, etc. Amadyetsa kwambiri kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, nthawi yachisanu komanso nthawi yozizira. kuwaza nthawi kumadyetsa zochepa. Semi-bore pike perch (Don, Volga ndi Ural) amapita kumtsinje kawiri pachaka. Njira yayikulu ndi kuphukira, kuphulika, kumachitika mu Marichi - Epulo, lachiwiri ndi chilimwe-yophukira, kudyetsa ndi kuzizira m'maenje, mu Julayi - Okutobala. Gawo la zander, komabe, limakhazikika munyanja. Gawo la osaya limalowa mumtsinjewo limodzi ndi okhwima. Ku Kuban, zander ndizodziwika kwambiri nthawi yophukira komanso zazing'ono kwambiri pakugwa. Pa Kura, njira yopitilira zander imawonedwa kuyambira Novembala mpaka Meyi. Pike perch imakwera makamaka m'munsi mwa mitsinje (pa Don - ngongole ya Aksaysko-Donskoy komanso zochepa - kupita ku station ya Tsymylyanskaya, pa Volga - Volga-Akhtubinskaya riverplain kumtunda, ndi zina). Pambuyo pofalikira, ma pike amaterera kulowa m'nyanja, pomwe unyinji umamatira madera ovuta. Nyanja ya Azov, pike tating'ono timakhala kwambiri ku Taganrog Bay komanso mphepete mwa nyanja; ma pike akuluakulu amatalikirana kwambiri ndi gombe. Kumpoto kwa Caspian, m'malo mwake, timakhala tating'onoting'ono ta nyanja, ndipo kumatalikirana kwambiri m'madzi osaya.
Ruff Nosar
Ruff Nosar - Maina am'deralo a Don Ruff, spaghetti, spinning top, nkhumba (pa Don), squid, beaver (pa Dnieper).
Imangokhala m'mitsinje, pamtunda wothamanga, pamchenga woyera ndi miyala, pomwe sipapezeka nyanja. Kutumphuka kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, mumtsinje, pamtunda wamtsinje komanso pamchenga, pamadzi kutentha kwa 6-7 °. Caviar pansi, yomatira. Dongosolo la mazira otupa ndi 1.17 mm; yolk imakhala ndi dontho lalikulu lamafuta. Kutalika kwa chitukuko cha caviar ndi masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu pa kutentha kwa 14 °. Kukula kwa mphutsi ndi kuwaswa ndi 4.24 mm. Yolk atsimikiza pambuyo masiku 9-10. Kusinawa kumafikira kutalika (kut.) Kwa 16-20 masentimita, nthawi zina, komanso kulemera kwa 100 g kapena kupitilira. M'malo ogulitsira, kutalika kwake ndi 8-13 masentimita (kutalika kwa masentimita 10), kulemera kwa 9.5-37 g, ndi pafupifupi 19.4 g. ma mollusks ang'ono, crustaceans (daphnia, etc.) ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Chekhon
Chekhon - Mayina aku Cishe, saber, sedentary, rabid, sidewall, czech, balyk (Kazakh), noakala (Est.), Kase (Latvia), sabitsa (Bulgaria ndi Roman), Ziege, Sichling (German ), miekkakala (fin.).
Chekhon ndi gulu la nsomba zomwe zimasamukira kumadzi ndipo zimabisala. Mochulukitsa, osungidwa m'mitsinje. Kuphatikiza pa sabrefish yocheperako, mitsinje yonse imakhala ndi sabrefish yamoyo. Chekhon imayamba makamaka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni, mkati mwa Amu Darya - kumapeto kwa Epulo. Pa Volga ndi Don amawaza kulikonse, makamaka m'maenje. Caviar amagona m'malo ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi masamba. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, imayenda kuchokera kuminda kupita kumitsinje, komanso kuchokera kumunsi kwa mitsinje kupita kumapiri ndi nyanja. Chekhon wokhala pompano amakhala pafupi ndi malo omwe amawaza. Chonde chimakhala mpaka mazira 100, mu Azov sabrefish kuyambira mazira 10 mpaka 58,000, pafupifupi mazira 33,5,000. Semi-pelagic caviar, m'mimba mwake wamtunda wa 3.8-5.9 mm, wokhala ndi malo akulu owoneka achikaso. Kutalika kwa mphutsi zomwe zaswa kumene ndi 7 mm. Kumapeto kwa Meyi, mwachangu ndi 12-25 mm kutalika, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba, ali ndi 9-10 masentimita ndipo akulemera magawo 10. Ana azaka ku White Lake amafikira 5.2-7.3 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa 2-3 g. Chekhon amafikira kutalika kwa 60 masentimita ndi kulemera 1 kg. Makulidwe wamba a Don sabrefish: kutalika kwa 30-40 masentimita, kulemera kwa 300-400 g, Aral, motero, 21- 35 cm ndi 300 g, Volga-- kulemera 80-80 g.Pakati pa Volga ndi Don amakhala ana atatu azaka zinayi. Ku Volga Delta, ku Kuban ndi Lake. Ilmen akukula pang'ono Pang'onopang'ono kuposa Don. Zimakhala zokhwima pakugonana mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi. Koyamba kukula, mwachangu amadyera pa zooplankton (Cladocera ndi Copepoda), pomwepo mphutsi zophukira, amphipods, komanso tizilombo touluka tomwe timalowa m'madzi. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu, sabrefish imadyanso achinyamata a nsomba zosiyanasiyana. Pa Volga ndi Don, sabrefish imayenda kawiri: kasupe (ofooka) mu Epulo ndi Meyi komanso chilimwe-yophukira (misa) kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka pakati pa Novembala (ku Don, ngakhale asanazizidwe). Kusuntha kwakukulu kwa Chekhon mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. Mukasamuka nthawi yotentha, khunguni yoyamba imapita, kenako imapita nthawi yozizira. Pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa masika, ana a sabrefish amatsika m'minda ndikuwerekera mumtsinje. Pa Volga ndi Urals, malo otsetsereka achangu amapezeka theka lachiwiri la June. Gawo la ana achichepere limatchinga m'madziwe othamangitsidwa. Kuchokera m'malo otsika a mitsinje, maulesi ena amasamukira kudera lamadzi. Kutulutsa mwachangu kumafikira 32 mm ndi kulemera kwa 0,42 g.
Njira yosuta
Pali njira ziwiri za kusuta nsomba - kuzizira komanso kutentha. Mosiyana ndi njira yozizira, kutentha kumapangitsa mbale kukhala ndi chowala ndipo chimasunga mafuta ake. Kusuta kozizira kumafuna nthawi yambiri ndikuisunga michere yambiri momwe idapangidwira kale.
Kusuta kozizira kumawoneka ngati kovuta, kumafunikira maluso ena ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chovuta chovutirapo chovuta kwambiri.
M'mbuyomu, osuta amayenera kupanga zomangamanga pazokha kuti asangalale ndi fungo la nsomba zosuta. Tsopano mutha kugula chogwiritsira ntchito mosuta chazira kapena njira yotentha ngakhale pa intaneti.
Nsomba zotentha zimasungidwa kwa masiku 2-2 okha, mpaka chaka chimodzi mufiriji. Mitembo yozizira kwambiri imatha kugona masiku 14 mufiriji ndi mpaka zaka 3 mufiriji.
Kodi kusankha njira izi? Onse omwe amasuta komanso madokotala ali ndi chitsimikizo cha chinthu chimodzi: mankhwala osuta sangathe kuzunzidwa. Zotsalira ziyenera kutsogozedwa ndi zomwe mumakonda, kuthekera kwanu ndi zomwe mukufuna!
Zosunga
Ndikofunika kusunga balabu yotsirizika mufiriji, ndikuyamba kuipukuta. Amaloledwa kuyikanso mumtundu wapadera kapena thumba la vacuum. Chifukwa chake, nsomba imakhala yatsopano. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi nyumba ziyenera kusungidwa osaposa mwezi umodzi, chifukwa mtsogolomo ziwuma komanso kutaya kununkhira kwake.
Kwa anthu ambiri, m'maganizo, khonde ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadyedwa patebulo la zikondwerero. Komabe, kuphika kunyumba ndi kosavuta. Monga zopangira, sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana; mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba, carp kapena siliva.
Zoyipa ndi nsomba
Timayika supuni ziwiri za batala ndi mafuta a masamba mu poto. Mafuta akatentha, ikani chikho cha bowa wokonzedwa pamenepo. Mphodza kwa mphindi zinayi, kenako onjezani ndi spoonful wa masamba atsopano a thyme. Mwachangu kwa mphindi zina ziwiri. Onjezerani mpunga ndi vinyo woyera. Mphodza mpaka madzi atuluka. Mu poto wosiyana, mwachangu wowonjezera mchereyu. Nsomba (ndemanga zimatchula izi) sizimafuna mafuta ambiri. Ndikokwanira kuthira mafuta poto, monga zikondamoyo. Escolar amawotchera kwa mphindi zitatu mbali iliyonse. Timayika zidutswa za nsomba pamwamba pa risotto. Ikani mu uvuni kwa mphindi zinanso zisanu.
Malangizo Ophika
Musanapange mwaluso, muyenera kusankha njira yabwino yokhala ndi nsomba yotsalira ndikutsata ukadaulo wawo. Koma kuti tipeze zotsatira zomwe zimaposa zomwe tikuyembekezera, ndikofunikira kumvera malingaliro a akatswiri:
- Ngati nsomba yophika bwino yophika nthawi yotentha, ndibwino kuwonjezera nthawi yokoka, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti malonda ake akhale otetezeka.
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa zidutswazo ndi 2-2,5 masentimita, kukula ukukulolani kuti musadzimeze, ndiye nsomba zouma kunyumba.
- Kuti muteteze ntchentche nthawi yauma, muyenera kukulunga theimbayo ndi gauze ndi viniga.
- Pakati pofota, ikani mtembo pansi pa kuponderezedwa kuti ukhale wokongola.
- Osagwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zachitsulo pokonza mchere.
- Mukamayenda, gwiritsani ntchito shuga, chifukwa imathandizira kuti mcherewo ulowe mwakuya mu fiber.
- Mutha kufulumizitsa kuyanika ndi fan. Upangiri ndiwofunikira pakuyandikira, nyengo yotentha.
- Kuti muwone kukonzekera, mtengo umakanikizidwa ndi chala. Dentiyo ikazimiririka, pomwe chinyezi sichimadziwika ndi nyama, mankhwalawo ndi okonzeka.
Nyumba yopangidwa ndi khonde malinga ndi mayendedwe omwe atchulidwa idzakhala yokoma komanso yathanzi. Fungo lake ndi kununkhira kwake kudzadabwitsa aliyense.
Zovulaza zamavuto
Vuto lalikulu la nsomba ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda am'mimba. Chithandizo cholondola chimathandiza kuti muchepetse mavuto. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati timaphika khonde kunyumba. Mchere umafunika kukhala wautali, chifukwa njirayi imakulolani kuti muchotse zinthu zosatetezeka ku nyama.
Kuphatikiza apo, khonde lomwe mwapeza kuchokera ku nsomba limatha kukhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma, kuwonjezera kuchuluka, kupereka mtundu wokongola, womwe umavulanso thupi.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kulingalira balani wosuta kuchokera ku nsomba, chifukwa kusuta kumatha kukhutiritsa mankhwala ndi ma carcinogens, omwe amathandizira pakupanga maselo a khansa. Komanso, zigawo zina payokha zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Ndikothekanso kupatula kuwoneka kwamavuto kumamwa ngati kukonzekera ndi kusungidwa kosamalidwa bwino.
Zolemba
- Onani Whitefish
(Chingerezi) mu World Register of Marine Species. - Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Russian T.S., Shatunovsky M.I.
Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Nsomba. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French. / kusinthidwa ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Russia. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 71 .-- makope 12,500. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0. - ↑ 12Usacheva V.V.
Slavic ichthyological terminology. Mfundo ndi njira zosankhidwa. Kutanthauzira Mtanthauzira mawu. - M: "Indrik", 2003. - S. 330-331, 336. - ISBN 5-85759-221-6.
Kuyanika
Gawo lomaliza pokonza chakudya choterechi ndi kupukuta, ndiko kuti, kuwumitsa nsomba. Ndikofunikira kuti poto isungidwe mufiriji, ulumikizeni zidutswazo pa ulusi wina wolimba, ndikusiya mtunda waung'ono pakati pa zosefera. Poyamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kupachika nyama kwa maola angapo pansi pa dzuwa lowala kuti gawo lirilonse lophimbidwa ndi kutumphuka. Pambuyo pa izi, filletayo amayenera kuyanika m'chipinda chowuma komanso chotentha, momwe mulibe tizilombo. Monga lamulo, dongosolo lonse louma limatenga masiku atatu mpaka 7.
Ruff - Mayina am'deralo York (Chiyukireniya), bubyr (pa Dnieper), tas-bass, hahynay (Yakut.), Kiisk (Est.), Kisis (Latvian.), Jazge (lit.), Papa, ruffe (Eng. ), Kaulbarsch (German), hork (Norwegian), jazgarz (Polish), ghigort (rum.), Kiiski (Fin.), Gremille (French).
Nsomba wamba zamnyanja zatsopano ndi mitsinje yochepetsetsa, komanso zopezeka m'madzi otsekemera (Gulf of Finland). Imafunika mpweya wambiri. Imasungidwa m'matumba, makamaka pansi pa malo osungira. Kuchulukitsa kwa zipatso kumachitika kuyambira mwezi wa Epulo mpaka Juni, pafupi ndi magombe amtsinje, pamiyala yamchenga ndi miyala, m'malo ena osefukira komanso pakati pamadzi osefukira ndi madzi, pamtunda wamadzi wa 4.5 mpaka 18 °, pakuya kwa 1,5.5 m. Nsimba ya nsomba yotalika masentimita 8-10 ndi mazira 4-5.6 (Lake Ilmen), yotalika (kutali.) ya 16-18.7 cm - 29-104 zikwi (Dnieper), mwa anthu akuluakulu mazira oposa 200,000. Caviar wodalilika, m'mimba mwake mazira ndi 1 mm. Mazira ndi achikasu ndi dontho lalikulu lamafuta. Mphutsi zamadzimadzi pambuyo pa masiku 5.5 pa kutentha 15 °, kutalika kwawo ndi 3.36 mm. Kubwezeretsanso kwa yolk kumatha masiku 4.5-6.5. Chaka chatha mumtsinje. Yenisei imafika kutalika kwa 6 cm ndi kulemera kwa 4 g. Imafikira kutalika kwa 25-30 cm ndi kulemera kwa 200 g, monga rarity (ku Western Siberia) - mpaka 50 cm ndi 400 g (ndipo ngakhale 600 g). Ruff wamba wabwinobwino ndi 10 cm masentimita ndipo amalemera 20-50 g, koma ana aang'ono olemera 2-5 g nthawi zambiri amakumbidwa m'madzi (pamodzi ndi ana azitsamba amatchedwa "pinworms"). Kukula kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu. Muubwana, ruvu imadyetsa ma benthic crustaceans (Alona, Chydorous), pambuyo pake imasinthira kumadyetsa pansi: mphutsi za Chironomidae ndi Corethra, mabulangete ang'onoang'ono, Amphipoda (Corophiiim, gammarids, Pontoporeia), ndi maids. Amadyanso caviar ndi mwachangu a nsomba zina (zoyera, ndi zina). Samapanga kusuntha kwakukulu. Yoyenera kufalikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo kugwa kumachokapo. Kusunthira kwa Autumn kupita kumilandu ndi malo otsetsereka masika m'mphepete mwa mizere akufotokozedwa bwino mu Narym Ob. Pamutu wa Kalendala ya asodzi:
- Khalenda ya nsomba ya Okutobala Okutobala: Khalenda ya Fisherman - OCTOBER 2013
- Khalenda ya nsomba ya September: Kalendala ya Angler - SEPTEMBER 2013
- Kalendala ya August Fish: Khalenda ya Angler - AUGUST 2013
- Kandulo ya July Fish Biting: Khalenda ya Angler - JULY 2013
- Kalendala ya nsomba ya June: Kalendala ya Asodzi - JUNE 2013
- Kandulo ya May Fish: Khalenda ya Angler - MAY 2013
- Kalendala ya asodzi 2013 ya June Julayi August: Kusodza pa Akhtuba ndi Lower Volga m'chilimwe
- Kalendala ya asodzi 2013 ya Seputembara Novembara: Kusodza pa Akhtuba ndi Lower Volga pakugwa
Andrey Shalygin PhD, DBA, Mkonzi-wa-Chief wa National Explorer