Mchira wa Amur * Vertebrates

Send

R. Pushkin, E Shalaev Moscow

Mwa abuluzi omwe amakhala ku Primorye, mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu ndiwofunika kwambiri. Zachitali (Tachydromus). Dzinalo la nyamazo limadzilankhulira lokha. Mwa mitundu khumi yodziwika ya michira yayitali, kutalika kwa mchira kumakhala kokwanira anayi kuposa kukula kwa thupi. Kwenikweni, chiŵerengerochi ndi 2,5 mpaka 1.
Mchira wautali ndi wodziwika bwino ndi mkangano wama dorsal wakuda wokhala ndi nthiti zazitali, zomwe zimakonda kulumikizana. Zotsalira zomwezo zimatha kukhala kumbali ya thupi.
Gawo logawikirako la mitundu ya mtundu wa Tachydromus limafalikira ku ma Southeast ndi East Asia mpaka kuzilumba za Sunda kumwera ndi Japan ndi Primorye wa Russia kumpoto.

Mchira wautali umakhala pafupifupi mabatani onse, koma nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'malo opezeka m'mphepete mwa madzi. Monga pobisalira, mabowo, zinyalala za m'nkhalango, malovu a udzu, malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa khungwa lolocha amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amabisala mumakungwa a makoswe. Kusuntha limodzi ndi udzu, zolengedwa zachisangalalo izi zimagwidwa pamitengo mothandizidwa ndi zala khumi komanso mchira wautali wopindika. Ena owona amayerekezera kayendedwe kawo muudzu ndi kusambira - maphokoso kwambiri ndipo mwachangu abuluzi amasambira pakati pa zimayambira.

Chithunzi cha Amur Mchira

Timakumana mdziko lathu Amur (T. amurensis) ndi Koresi (T. wolteri) michira yayitali.
Mitundu iyi imasiyana kwambiri. Malo otalikirana aku Korea ali ndi pore imodzi ya mbali imodzi, ndipo phula la Amur limakhala ndi ziwiri kapena zinayi. Mu nkhonya yaku Amur intermaxillary, imagwira ndikutulutsa kokwanira kwammphuno yakutsogolo, ku Korea - ayi.
Zodziwika ku Korea ndi Southeast China yaku Korea yayitali ili ndi thupi lofiirira mpaka masentimita 6 kutalika kwake ndi mchira kutalika 15 sentimita. Mzere wakuda umayenda m'mphepete zotseguka, zomata m'mphepete mwa malire oyera kapena amtambo. Mimba ndi yoyera chikasu, mmero ndi chifuwa ndi chikasu. Buluzi limalowera kumadera akum'mwera kwa Primorsky Territory, komwe limakhala m'malo okhala udzu ndi mitengo yoterera, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango komanso masamba. M'masiku otentha, kusambira kumadzipereka mofunitsitsa. Usiku amakwera mumtengo ndikugwira, akugwira nthambi zake ndi mchira wake wokutira m'mphete. Chakudya chimapangidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, akangaude ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Nyengo yake iye amakwanitsa kupanga dzira 2-3.
Chifukwa chakugawa kochepa kwa malo ogulitsa ku Korea mdziko lathu, sayansi yake siyiphunziridwa pang'ono.

Zambiri zomwe zimadziwika ndi mtundu wina - Mchira wa Amur. Ndiwakulu kuposa Korea: kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 6.5-7, mchira 1.5-2.5 nthawi yayitali. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Manchuria ndi Korea, nafe kumwera kwa Primorsky Krai kupita ku Khabarovsk. Amakonzekereratu malo otentha kwambiri a m'nkhalango za oak komanso m'nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamiyala yamtsinje, m'mphepete mwa misewu, pamaulendo ndi m'malo ena.
Buluzi wothamanga uyu amapaka utoto pamwamba pamtundu wonyezimira, wonyezimira, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi mawanga akuda, osakhazikika kumbuyo. Mzere wakuda umayenda m'mphepete mwa dorsal-lateral scutes, kuchokera pagawo lakanthawi kufikira mchira. Mzere wopapatiza umakongoletsa mbali za khosi. Kuphatikiza pa izi, chovalacho ndi mmero wopepuka komanso mimba yobiriwira. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna.
Momwe zakudya zimakhalira m'chilengedwe zimapangidwa ndi akangaude, mbozi ndi mbozi: kachilomboka, milong'o, milulu, kafadala osiyanasiyana amatengako gawo laling'ono.

Photo Korea Longtail

Nyengo yachisanu ikamaliza kuzizira, yomwe imatha mu Marichi-Epulo, abuluzi amayamba nyengo yakukhwima. Pamapeto pa Meyi, mkaziyo amakhalira mazira 2-8. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kulumikizana kwachiwiri. Akasungidwa mu ukapolo, zigawo zitatu zimasungidwa nyengo iliyonse. Zambiri, nthawi yotentha, abuluzi amaikira mazira 14 mpaka 23. Zachikazi zimamanga masonry mumchenga wonyowa, nthaka kapena fumbi.
Titafika banja Amur Tartar (kutalika kwa thupi laimuna ndi masentimita 6, mchira ndi masentimita 12, chachikazi ndi 6.5 ndi 12 motsatana), tidawaika pamalo otetezedwa a 30x40 centimeter pamtunda wa 40. Pansi pa chidebe chagalasi yonse yokhala ndi mabowo mpweya wabwino mkati mwa makhoma adakutidwa ndi pepala lalikulu masentimita 10 sphagnum. Tchire zingapo za chlorophytum ndi fern Phyllilis scolopendrum zidabzalidwa pansi. Oats adabzalidwa padziko lapansi ndipo mawonekedwe ake amayala pamwamba. Mafuta omwe amaphukira kudzera mu sod adapatsa kuchuluka kwamtali wamtali, pakati pomwe abuluwa amakhala nthawi yayitali. Hafu yakucha masana, nyamazo zinali pamiyala kapena pa udzu pansi pa nyali ya watt 40 ndikutsikira mu terrarium. Nyali idayaka maola 9 patsiku. Masana, matenthedwe pansi pake anali 27-30 ° С, usiku adatsika mpaka 18 ° С. Usiku, michira imabisala m'nkhalango za udzu, pansi pa mabatani kapena kumbuyo kwa khungwa, lomwe limakongoletsedwa ndi khoma lakumbuyo kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Zipilala zosambitsidwa mofunitsitsa, zimamwa kwambiri mbale yomwera, ndikugwetsa m'malovu achinyontho pamakoma a terarium kapena kuchokera kumera mutatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Trivitamin anali kuwonjezeredwa kamodzi pa sabata kuchakudyacho, chomwe chimakhala ndi nyongolotsi za ufa, gherishi, akangaude ndi maphemo, kusinthana ndi tetravit ndi vitamini Bg.
Chapakatikati, a Taisi adayamba kukondana wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, mating sizinachitike. Mwachidziwikire, kusapezeka kwa nthawi yopumula, yomwe nyama zambiri zimafunikira kuti zitheke bwino, zimakhudza.

Gulu

Mitundu yake ndi yaamagulu amunthu Lacertinaefuko Lacertini.

Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 21:

Takydromus amurensis - Amur Tartar
Takydromus dorsalis
Takydromus formosanus - Mchira wa ku Taiwan
Takydromus hani
Takydromus haughtonianus
Takydromus hsuehshanensis
Takydromus intermedius
Takydromus pejiensis
Takydromus kuehnei
Takydromus luyeanus
Takydromus sauteri
Takydromus septentrionalis - Chinese Longtail
Takydromus sexlineatus - mitengo yayitali-yamatumbo (probe) yayitali
Takydromus sikkimensis
Takydromus smaragdinus - Smaragd (wobiriwira) Mchira
Takydromus stejnegeri
Takydromus sylvaticus
Takydromus tachydromoides - Mchira wa ku Japan
Takydromus toyamai
Takydromus viridipunctatus
Takydromus wolteri - Mchira wa ku Korea

Mchira wa ku Korea - Tachydromus wolteri Fisch., 1885

Gawo Lofanana: Chemulpo (North Korea).

Chikopa chowongolera sichikhudza mphuno ndipo chimalekanitsidwa ndi mphuno. Kuyanjana koyambirira wina ndi mnzake kapena kupatulidwa ndi chishango chaching'ono. Pakati pazovunda zapamwamba kwambiri za lumbar ndi supraorbital, mpaka 7 zazing'ono. Chikopa cha occipital ndi chachifupi komanso chocheperako. Dera infraorbital limafikira m'mphepete mwa kamwa. Zowonongeka kwa infraorbital 4 (kawirikawiri kwambiri 3 kapena 5). Makala osakhalitsa osalala kapena nthiti zopota. Kugubuduza kwa ngoma kumakhala bwino. Zotchinga za mandibular ndi awiriawiri, zikopa za awiriwo ndizitali kwambiri, awiri awiri kutsogolo amakhudzana pakatikati pakhosi, mzere wam'mbuyo wakutchinga kwa zishango za awiriwo ndiowongoka. Milozo ya pakhosi ndiyosalala, ikukula pakhosi. Khola limafotokozedwanso. Kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi mizere yayitali yayitali 7-8, mulingo uliwonse womwe umakhala ndi nthiti yotalika koma yotalika, miyeso imodzi, nthawi zambiri mizere iwiri yapakati, ndiyocheperako. Mamba ofananira ndi okulirapo kuposa ma dorsal-lateral, koma ochepa kwambiri kuposa am'kati mwa dorsal ndipo mkati mwa thupi amapezeka mizere iwiri yayitali 2-3, tsamba lirilonse lokhala ndi nthiti yakuthwa pakati.

Zovala za ventral zimapezeka m'mizere 8 yayitali. Chishango cha anal ndi chachikulu, kutalika kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa kutalika. Milozo yam mchira imakhala yopanda phokoso, yomwe ili ndi nthiti zotsika kwambiri.

Pamwamba pa mtundu wa bulauni, waimvi kapena wonyezimira wonyezimira, womwe uli pachingwe ndi zingwe zazitali zofiirira kapena zakuda. Chingwe chofunda, chakuda, chofiirira, nthawi zambiri chimayamba m'mbali za dorsal-lateral ndi mizere yakunja ya dorsal, kuyambira dera lanyengo ndikudutsa mbali zam mchira, pomwe imayamba kuchepera pang'ono pang'ono kenako; pa thunthu izi zimadulidwa kuchokera pansi ndi chingwe chaching'ono kapena choyera. kuchokera kuchikopa cham'maso chakumaso ndikudutsa mbali ya mutu ndi khosi.

Mimba yake ndi yoyera chikasu, pakhosi ndi pachifuwa ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo (Mateyo 15, 9).

Kugawidwa kum'mwera kwa Primorsky Territory, pafupifupi kuchigwa cha mtsinje. Iman kumpoto (map 78). Kunja kwa USSR, ku Korea, pachilumba cha Soisyu, ku Southeast Manchuria, ndi East China.

Map 78

Zamoyo sizimamveka bwino. Imapezeka m'malo omwe muli udzu ndi msipu wam'mera, kuthengo kwa nkhalango komanso madambo. Mukakhala pachiwopsezo, kulolera kulowa m'madzi ndi kusambira bwino. Zikhalapo pansi pa miyala, m'miyala ya makoswe ndi udzu wandiweyani wa udzu. Akakwera zitsamba, amadzithandiza yekha pogwirira nthambi ndi mchira wake. Amadyetsa tizilombo, akangaude ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Pali magulu awiri munthawi imodzi.

Kodi nyumba zazitali zaku Korea zimakhala kuti?

Mabuluwa amakhala pachilumba cha Soyshu, ku Korea, East China ndi Southeast Manchuria. M'dziko lathu, amapezekanso, koma kumwera kwenikweni kwa Primorsky Krai, kukumana mpaka kuchigwa cha Iman River.

Buluzi limakhala ku Asia ndi Asia.

Kukhazikika kwa michira yayitali yaku Korea, mosiyana ndi abuluzi a Amur, ndi malo otseguka. Ngati malo okhala ma Amur ndi aku Korea achitali atatembenuka, ndiye kuti malo awo amagawanika momveka bwino: michira italiitali ya Amur imakhala m'madambo, otsetsereka ndi m'mphepete, ndipo aku Korea amakonda malo owombera komanso maudzu. Zitali zazitali ku Korea zimawoneka m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'mabedi amiyala ndi m'malo otsetsereka.

Anthu okhala ku Korea nthawi yayitali amakhala m'malo obisika.

Monga abuluzi onse, michira yayitali yaku Korea imabisalira m'makola, mu udzu wandiweyani, kapena m'miyala pakati pa miyala. Pakachitika ngozi, imatha kulowa m'madzi, chifukwa imatha kusambira bwino. Ziwombankhanga zaku Korea ndizovuta kwambiri, zimathamanga mwachangu ndikukwera pa udzu ndi zitsamba.

Kubala Korea michira yayitali

Zitali zaku Korea zimatulukira nyengo yachisanu mozizira kuposa nthawi yayitali ya Amur, zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimayikira mazira, monga abuluzi ambiri, kamodzi pa nyengoyo. Nthawi yakubzala, zazikazi zimayikira mazira 17. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti - kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, michira yayitali imatha kuwoneka kale m'mbali mwa njira za dziko.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya abuluzi ataliitali.