Dzina lasayansi limachokera ku mawu achi Greek Chaulios - lotseguka pakamwa ndipo Odus - dzino. Chinyama ichi chinali ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la mano akulu, komanso thupi lalitali.
Nsomba za njoka yokhala ndi kamwa yotseguka yokhala ndi mano okongola kwayamba kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuti kukula kwake sikuposa masentimita 35. Wina aliyense wofufuza nyanja yam'madzi, akudya pansi kupitirira mita 500
Poyang'ana pang'ono zitha kunenedwa kuti mano a njoka yam'mimba ndizofunikira chabe kuwopseza, chifukwa pakamwa pake sitha kutseka. Komabe, izi siziri konse zoona. Zithunzi zojambulidwa pa zipsepse zapakhungu ndi zam'kati zimakopa nsomba zazikulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaposa kukula kwa nsombazo. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wosasinthika, sawoneka mozama. Nyamayo ikayandikira mkamwa, pakamwa pa njoka zam'mimba zimatsamira, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mugwire nyama yolusa nthawi zitatu. Mano amatenga gawo lalikulu pakasaka, samangophera nyama, koma amangothandiza kuti nyama zomwe zadyedwazo zisakhale ndi thupi lozunzidwayo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa nyama yolusa. Wotopa akakhala kuti watopa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono njoka imayamba kukonza nsagwada zake, ndipo mano ake amatembenukira mkati, zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo gawo lamphamvu.
Ngakhale kuli anthu ambiri, ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika za zazing'ono zazing'onozi, chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala. Amakhala zaka 15-30, kuti azilankhulana ndi achibale komanso nyama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, ngati maulendo akuzama panyanja, zithunzi zojambula zomwe zimakhala pamakona am'kati mwa chimbudzi ndi zamkati, zimadyetsa akhungu ang'onoang'ono, agologolo, zibwanabwana kamodzi masabata awiri ndi atatu, zimasaka mozama masabata atatu aliwonse pafupifupi 2000 m, usiku amadzuka pafupi ndi 500 m, kubereka kumazungulira chaka chonse, pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamitala 1000, mazira akuyenda momasuka pa kuya uku, mdani wamkulu ndi chinjoka china - chinjoka
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25. Khansa ya Mantis
Kakhola wamkulu wamtunduwu, wokongoletsa, yemwe ali ndi maso ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngati munthu amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu yoyambirira, ndiye kuti khansa ya mantis ndi 12. Komanso, nyamazo zimazindikira kuwala kopepuka komanso mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndikuwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polarization ya kuwala. Panthawi ya nkhondoyi, nkhwangwa ya mantis imakankha mwachangu miyendo yake, ndikupangitsa kuti iwonongeke kapena kumupha. Amatha kugunda ndi zikhadabo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi 22, ena mwa ma shrimp akuluakulu akuluakulu amatha kuswa galasi ndi kumenya kamodzi kapena kangapo.
23. Giop Isopod
Giop isopods imatha kutalika masentimita 76 ndikulemera pafupifupi 1.7 kg. Amakhala ndi chikhazikitso cholimba, chomwe chili ndi zigawo zambiri, ndipo chimatha kupakidwa "mpira" kuti chiziteteza kwa adani. Nthawi zambiri Carrion amakhala chakudya, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 5 popanda chakudya.
22. Shaki wokhala ndi mutu wakuda
Choyipa chowopsa, chochokera ku Cretaceous. Shaki iyi imasaka ngati njoka, imapinda thupi ndikuchita kulumphira kutsogolo. Nsagwada zazitali komanso zosunthika zimakulolani kumeza nyama yayikulu kwathunthu, pomwe mizere ingapo yamano ang'ono ndi singano imalepheretsa kuthawa.
21. Mapira akuda
Nsomba imeneyi imatha kumeza nyama zolemera maulendo 10 komanso kuwirikiza kawiri. Nthawi zina nsomba izi zimameza nyama, zomwe sizingayigaya. Kuwonongeka kwa nyama yamezekayo kumayamba, ndipo mpweya womwe wasonkhanitsidwa umayambitsa kufa kwa wolusa ndikuwukweza pamwamba pa madzi
20. Zowawa zam'nyanja
Nsomba zam'nyanja zodya nyanjayi zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala pang'ono kumapeto kwa njirazo pamutu, zofanana ndi ndodo yakuwedza, ngati nyambo ya nyambo. Mimba zawo zotambalala bwino zimawalola kumeza nyama zomwe zimaposa kukula kwake. Mabanja ena a angler amakhala ndi ubale wachilendo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, amafotokozeredwa kuti amuna amtundu wamtoto amakhala mwamtundu wa majeremusi pa thupi la akazi. Wamphongo amamangiriridwa mbali ya mkazi ndi mano ake akuthwa. Posakhalitsa imakula limodzi ndi milomo yachikazi ndi lilime, ndipo nsagwada, mano, maso ndi matumbo ake amachepetsedwa kotero kuti pamapeto pake imasandulika gawo lophweka lomwe limatulutsa umuna. Wamphongo amadyetsedwa ndi magazi a akazi, chifukwa mitsempha yamagazi yawo imakulanso limodzi.
19. Holothuria
Izi nkhaka zam'nyanja ndizachilendo chifukwa sizimakhudza tsiku la nyanja, koma zimayenda m'madzi. Amadyera holothuria ndi plankton ndi zotsalira za organic. Pakamwa pa holothuria pamazunguliridwa ndi mahema 10-30, omwe amatenga chakudya, ndipo amatsogolera m'matumbo opindika.
18. Chigoba
Mtundu wapansi pamadzi wam'madzi wa Venus flytrap. Podikirira, zida zawo zosakira zili zowongoka, koma nyama yaying'ono ikasambira pamenepo, "milomo "yo imakakamizidwa ngati msampha, ndikutumiza nyama m'mimba. Kuti akope anyani, amagwiritsa ntchito bioluminescence ngati nyambo.
17. Chinjoka cham'nyanja
Izi nsomba yokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu yobzalidwa ndi mano owongoka, pogwiritsa ntchito bioluminescence, imayang'anira nyama. Atagwira nyama, mtundu wa chinjoka cha m'dzinja chimada kuti kudzipatula kwa ena kuti ukhale nyama yolusa komanso kusangalala ndi nyama.
16. nsomba zanjoka za ku Pacific
Pakamwa ponse pali mano akuluakulu otuluka pakamwa. Ziwalo zowala bwino (zojambula) zimabalalikiranso pamutu ndi thupi, zomwe zimawathandiza kusaka ndi kusiyanitsa abale awo. Mothandizidwa ndi mano, wolakwiridwayo amakhala mwamphamvu pakamwa ndipo, pamene nsagwazo zikatsekedwa, amazikhomera mu esophagus, kutsogolo kwake kuli mitsinje ingapo yopindika. Mimba yayitali, yokhala ndi thumba la nsomba zotere imatha kukhala mosavuta ndi nyama yayikulu, yomwe imawathandiza kudikirira kusaka kwotsatira. Ma Howliode amadya pafupifupi kamodzi masiku 12 aliwonse.
15. Svima
Oyimira odabwitsa a mphutsi zamitundu yambiri. Zomera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono owala ndi kuwala kwamtundu wobiriwira, kukumbukira mawonekedwe a dontho. Mabomba ang'onoang'ono awa amatha kutayidwa, kusokoneza mdani kuti achite ngozi masekondi angapo, zomwe zimapatsa mphutsi mwayi woti athawe.
14. Mvuto lakufa
Kanthawi kochepa kozama. Kutalika kwa vampire infernal nthawi zambiri kumakhala kutalika kwa 15 cm.Akuluakulu amakhala ndi zipsepse zamakutu zomwe zimamera kuchokera mbali zamkati mwa chovalacho, zomwe ndi njira yawo yayikulu yoyendera. Pafupifupi nkhope yonse ya thupi la mollusk imakutidwa ndi ziwalo zowunikira - Photophores. Vampire ya infernal imayendetsa ziwalozi bwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kupanga kuwala kowunikira kochokera kumazana a sekondi imodzi mpaka mphindi zingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuwongolera kuwala ndi kukula kwa malo owala.
13. Stargazer
Iwo ali nalo dzina la maso awo akummwamba. Kuzindikira kokhako, momwe kuthekera kwa kupatsa mphamvu kwamphamvu (mpaka 50 V) kumadziwika. Nthawi zambiri amagona pansi, ataikidwa pansi kwathunthu ndikuyembekezera kudyedwa. Ena amamunyengerera ndi zowonjezera zapansi pamunsi pamkamwa
11. Kangaude waku Japan
Mmodzi mwa oyimira wamkulu wa arthropods: akuluakulu amafika masentimita 45 a carapace ndi 3 m mulifupi mwa miyendo yoyamba. Amadyetsa zodyeka ndi zotsalira za nyama, mwina amakhala zaka zana.
10. Monkfish
Nsomba zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana chikwi chimodzi. Yaikazi imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo imatha kukula mpaka mamita awiri. Pakamwa pake ndi lalikulu kwambiri, nsagwada chapansi pake komanso kumtunda kwautali, wokhala ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri.
6. Bolsherot kapena nsomba ya pelican
Nsomba ili ndi thupi lalitali komanso lopapatiza. Kunja, amafanana ndi eel, pomwe adalandira dzina lina - pelican eel. Pakamwa pake pamakhala phala lalikulu kwambiri lokhala ngati chikwama cha mulomo. Monga anthu ambiri okhala pansi panyanja, ma bolsherti ali ndi ziwalo zamatumbo zokhala ndi ma pimpopu - m'mbali yomalizira ndi mchira. Chifukwa chamilomo yake yayikulu, nsombayi imatha kumeza nyama zomwe zimakulitsa kukula kwake.
4. Cetaceans, Titali-tali, ndi Mchira Wamisala
Kwa zaka zambiri, gulu la nyama zolusa zakuzama kwambiri zam'madzi zimatchedwa "cetaceans." Amadziwika ndi akazi okhaokha ndipo adalembedwa kuti Cetomimidae. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, gulu lina la nsomba limatchedwa Megalomycteridae kapena "lalitali-lalitali"; amuna okha ndi omwe amapezeka m'gulu la nsomba. Mwanjira yodabwitsa, adawoneka kuti alibe gawo logaya chakudya, lomwe limatanthawuza nthawi yayitali kwambiri, yomwe amafunika kupeza okwatirana. Pomaliza, mtundu wachitatu wa nsomba zam'nyanja yakuya, womwe umadziwika kuti "t-tailed", unawoneka kuti wangokhala ndi anthu omwe sanafike pa kutha, okhala ndi michira yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja. Zidapezeka kuti zolengedwa zitatu zosiyana zonsezi ndidakali amtundu womwewo. Tepi ikamakula imakhazikika ndikuzama, imayamba kukhala ndi "zinzake" zazikulu, zomwe zimadyera nsomba zina ndi makosi awo ngati pakhosi, kapena mwa "amuna opindika", omwe amadya ndi kukhala ndi moyo bola amafunika kukwatirana.
2. Octopus wa Blue-Ringed
Ngakhale ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, ndizolimba kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndipo zimadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa nyama zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mphamvu ya poizoni wake ndi yokwanira kupha munthu. Pakadali pano, mankhwala a poizoni wa octopus a buluu mulibe. Poizoni wa octopusyu ali ndi mphamvu yamanjenje. Njira za sodium zimatsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa ziwengo zam'magazi amanjenje, kumangidwa kwa kupuma ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumangidwa kwamtima chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya.
1. Giid squid (architeutis)
Kaonedwe kakang'ono ka anthu, kawirikawiri squid wakhala akudziwika ndi nthano kwazaka zambiri. Imakhala pansi pamadzi, mdani wake weniweni ndi khwangwala wa umuna. M'malo mwake, zimphona ziwirizi zimadziwika chifukwa cha nkhondo zawo zakuzama panyanja, ndipo matupi awo amapezeka kawirikawiri ndi zizindikiro za nkhondo yakufa. Kutalika kwa squid wamkuluyu kumafika mamita 18, womwe ndi wofanana ndi nyumba yazitali zisanu ndi chimodzi
Khalidwe la Habitat
Monga taonera kale, iyi ndi nsomba yakuzama panyanja. Malo okhalamo omwe amakhala pafupifupi mita 2000 kapena kupitirira. Usiku, pofunafuna nyama, nyama yolusa imeneyi imadzuka kukafika pafupi ndi madzi. Komabe pamwamba pamamita 500 sikungoyandama. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kumtunda kumakhala chakudya chochulukirapo ndipo nsomba zamasamba ndizosavuta kupeza chakudya.
Akagwira nyama yake, nambwayo amakumba ndi mano ake akuthwa, kenako nkukhala osapulumuka. Nsomba zikagwira munthu amene wamugwirayo, zimameza kwathunthu. Zida zake zogaya chakudya zimasinthidwa motere: m'mimba ndi yokulirapo.
Kodi chimadya ndi ndani ndipo "njoka" zam'madzi zimasaka ndani?
Chakudya chachikulu komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri cha hauliode chimadziwika kuti ndi chinsomba. Koma ngati simungathe kugwira zakudya zomwe mumakonda, ndiye kuti nsomba imatha "kudya" crustaceans, shrimp ndi squid.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nsomba za njoka zimadya kamodzi masiku 12 aliwonse! Ine ndikudabwa chomwe chimamupangitsa iye kukhala "Zakudya" zazitali chotere?
Msodzi wa njoka ndi m'modzi wa oimira asanu ndi amodzi a asliode.
Kodi asayansi akudziwa chiyani za kubadwa kwa nyama yodabwitsayi?
Tsoka ilo, sizingatheke kufufuza bwino momwe nsombazi zimaberekera. Zimangodziwika kuti nyanjayo imayikira mazira pakuya kwa mita 1000 kuchokera pamadzi.
Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe chimachokera zaka 30 mpaka 40. Zomwe sizinganene za moyo wokhala mu ukapolo. Kuyesera kugwira nsomba izi ndikuyika mu aquarium sizinaphule kanthu - zimangokhala dziwe lochita kupanga kwa maola ochepa okha!