Goldfish | |||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Zolembetsa: | Chiyopro |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Carp-ngati |
Onani: | Goldfish |
Carasius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)
Goldfish (Lat. Carassius gibelio, dzina lachi Latin lalimomial limavomerezedwa kuyambira 2003, kale Lat. Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782) - nsomba yamadzi amvula yatsopano kuchokera ku mtundu wa banja la crucian carp.
Kufotokozera
Carp ya Silver crucian imasiyana ndi golide m'miyeso yayikulu komanso yopepuka komanso kutalika kwa thupi. Monga lamulo, mtundu wa masikelo ndi wa imvi kapena wamtundu wonyezimira, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zofananira ndi utoto wagolide kapena wapinki. Kuyerekeza kutalika kwa thupi mpaka kutalika kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo yakukhala.
Kuwala koyamba kwa zipsepse ndi ma fine ndi chinsalu cholimba, chosalala, ma ray ena ndi ofewa.
Carp ya Silver crucian imafika masentimita 46.6 m'litali ndi kulemera mpaka 3 kg. Zitsanzo zaumwini zimakhala ndi zaka mpaka 10-12.
Dera
Poyambirira, carp crucian ankakhala m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Amur komanso malo ena oyandikana nawo. Mosakhazikika anakhazikika mu 60s ya XX century m'malo ambiri osungirako a Siberia ndi Europe. Tsopano yatumizidwa ku North America, India ndi madera ena. Nthawi yomweyo, ku European ndi Siberian reservoirs pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kwa wamba crucian carp (golide) ndi siliva crucian carp kunachitika, mpaka kumapeto kwathunthu.
Kuswana
Kuchulukitsa kwa gawo kumatha kuchitika kamodzi kapena katatu pachaka, kutengera kutentha kwa madzi. Monga lamulo, amuna amuna ndi ochepa nthawi 4-6 kuposa akazi. M'malo ena osungira, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumayimiriridwa ndi akazi. Mu malo osungirako, amtundu wamtundu wa siliva carp amatuluka ndi amuna amtundu wa nsomba (roach, goldfish, tench, bream, carp ndi ena). Umuna weniweni samachitika, chifukwa umuna sukumala, koma umangoyambitsa kukula kwa mazira. Poterepa, ndi akazi okha omwe amawonekera mwa ana. Njira yolerera imeneyi imatchedwa gynogeneis.
Mtengo wachuma
Siliva crucian ndi chinthu choyenera kulima nsomba, ngati carp, komanso chinthu chodziwedza, masewera ndi usodzi wa amateur. Zophatikiza ndi siliva crucian carp ndi carp zidapangidwa.
Kutengera ndi mtundu wa siliva crucian carp, nsomba za ku aquarium ndi mitundu ina yokongoletsera idapangidwa ku China m'zaka za zana la 11.
Chinsinsi chojambulira cha Silver crucian (kutalika pafupifupi 40 cm)
Carp wachinyamata. Kusintha kwamapangidwe amtundu ndi mawonekedwe a sikelo
Zizindikiro zakunja
Nsomba zokulirapo. Imakhala ndi thupi lalifupi, lolembetsedwa pambuyo pake, lotsika kwambiri kuposa nsomba zagolide. Ziwerengero zamiyeso mzere wotsatira ndizoyambira pa 27 mpaka 31. Zowoneka bwino za branchi ndizitali, chiwerengero chawo chimachokera pa 39 mpaka 50. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo amatha kupanga mitundu yamtundu ndi zina zakunja.
Mamba omwe amasungirako siliva ndi golide woyenga bwino, kumbuyo kwake kumakhala mdima, wobiriwira. Nthawi zina anthu okhala ndi tint yachikasu amabwera, pafupifupi osamveka kwa nsomba zagolide.
Kukula, kulemera
Nthawi zambiri mumphaka mumakhala anthu ena mpaka 20 sentimita - okhala ndi kulemera kosaposa 350 magalamu. Kukula kwakukulu komwe crucian carp ikhoza kufikira pazoyenera ndi kutalika kwa 40 cm ndipo kulemera mpaka 2 kg.
Ngakhale kuti carp siliva nthawi zambiri amakhala yaying'ono kuposa golide - amakula mwachangu kuposa omaliza.
Nsomba zofananazo
Mtundu wokhudzana - nsomba zagolide - ndizofanana ndi carp siliva. Oimira banja la a Chukuchanov nawonso ali ofanana ndi iye, mwachitsanzo, njati zazikulu, zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zonyansa zakuda, zosiyana ndi carcian carp ndi notch yotchulidwa kwambiri pa forsal fin.
Tinsomba tating'ono ta carp tokhala ngati kansalu kenakake kofananira ndi carp siliva, amatha kusiyanitsidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa kukhalapo kwa tinyanga komanso phokoso lalitali.
Goldfish
Carp Crucian (golide) adatchulidwa mtundu wa masikelo, omwe ali ndi golide wagolide. Kumbuyo kwa nsomba kumakhala kwakuda, imvi kapena bulauni. Mimba imakhala yopepuka nthawi zonse, ngakhale kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, imakhalanso ndi mthunzi wosiyana.
Mtunduwu umakhala m'malo omwe amakhala ku Europe ndi Siberia, komwe sikupezeka konse m'mitsinje. Itha kutchedwa wokhala pompo pompopompo. Amatha kupulumuka m'malo ovuta kwambiri. M'dzinja lowuma, dziwe litauma kwambiri, carc cruc m'manda amatayika, kudikirira chilala pamenepo. Mwanjira yomweyo, imalekerera kuzizira kwambiri kwa nyanja zazing'ono nthawi yozizira, kukumba mpaka pakuya pafupifupi mita. Woyendetsa miyamboyo, motero, mpaka ayezi amasungunuka. Pachifukwa ichi, pali malo ambiri osungirako komwe kumakhala nyama zanyama zanyama zokha.
Mitundu ina ya nsomba, ikagwera m'madziwe munjira zosiyanasiyana, tsoka, sizitha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale madziwo asakuzizira pansi, ndiye kuti palibe mpweya wokwanira.
M'nkhokwe zambiri za udzu kapena mabango ndi nyumba ya munthu wokhala ndi dambo. Makonda okondedwa a crucian carp, uwu ndi malire pakati pa udzu ndi khola mwakuya. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka "m'mawindo" pakati pamiyala yayitali ya algae. M'matumba a nsomba amapeza chakudya, kutentha ndi malo abwino okhala.
Kuchulukitsa kwa nsomba
Carp ya Silver crucian imakula mwachangu kwambiri kuposa mnzakeyo ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri m'mafamu a nsomba. Kufika zaka ziwiri, nsomba zazing'ono zimalemera mpaka magalamu 400, makamaka kum'mwera. Ndi zaka, kulemera kwa nsomba zamtundu umodzi kumatha kupitilira 2 kg. Malek amadya kwambiri pa zooplankton ndi phytoplankton. Krupnyak, amadya nyama komanso ndiwo zamasamba, nthawi zina sizimanyoza kunyongedwa.
Siliva ndi golide amafanana zambiri, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Kuchuluka kwa carp yodziwika bwino yofikira pamafika ma kilogalamu awiri, malinga ndi malipoti ena, ndi zina zambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri, nsomba zolemera 0,5 makilogalamu zimadziwika kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kwa asodzi. Ngakhale zili ndi mphamvu zambiri, nsomba izi zikukula pang'onopang'ono. Pafupifupi, pazaka ziwiri, crucian wolemera pafupifupi magalamu 100. Uku ndikukula kocheperako, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya banja la cyprinid. Pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, amayamba kutha msinkhu.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti m'midziwe yaying'ono yokhala ndi forage osauka, owoneka bwino ochepa nyama amakhala. Komanso kukula kwake kunali kofanana. Kupezeka kwa mitundu inanso ya nsomba m'deralo kungakhudze kwambiri kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa nyamazo. Amadziwika kuti rotan ndi mdani wowopsa wa crucian carp, kudya mwachangu achinyamata. Amasaka nyama zazing'ono komanso amayenda pike.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Crucian imazizira m'madzi otentha mpaka madigiri 14-16, pakuya pafupifupi theka la mita. Nsomba zimakola nthambi zingapo zamasamba ndi zomera zam'madzi zam'madzi, zomwe zomata za caviar zimaterera. Njirayi imatha kuchitika kangapo nthawi yachilimwe, makamaka panthawi yomwe madzi amatentha bwino. Nthawi zina, carp ya crucian imatha kutuluka mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Izi zimawonedwa makamaka kum'mwera, kutentha kwa madzi madigiri 15-20.
Pali chinthu chosangalatsa pakupanga siliva crucian carp, makamaka akazi amatenga nawo mbali. Mwa mwachangu zomwe zimawoneka, zazikazi zimapambananso. M'malo ena osungira, ndi akazi okha omwe amatuluka. Potere, mazira amaphatikiza ndi ena, makamaka nsomba zam'mimba. Ikhoza kukhala nthochi, roach, carp, carp wamba, tench ndi ena. Crucian caviar imakhala ndi ma chromosome awiri ndipo safunikira kuphatikiza ma nyukiliya ndi nyukiliya ya umuna. Kuti dzira lipangike, umalowedwe wa umuna uliwonse mkati mwake, womwe umatsimikiza, umafunika.
Chifukwa cha umuna wachilendo chotere, nthawi ndi nthawi mitundu ya hybrid yama carp amaonekera. Tsoka ilo, ma hybrids sangapitirize mtunduwu monga mtundu wodziimira pawokha chifukwa cha kubereka. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi malire pakukula komanso moyo wautali.
Waterfowl nthawi zambiri amakhala onyamula mazira m'madziwe oyandikana ndi nyanja. Chifukwa chake, amathandizira kusungitsa zachilengedwe ngakhale matupi ang'ono kwambiri komanso osafikirika kwambiri.
Zowonadi, wina angafotokozere bwanji kuwonekera kwa crucian carp m'madziwe amtchire, omwe kukula kwake ndi mita zingapo. Mu "mafudiko" oterewa imodzi mwa mitundu yocheperako imakonda kukhala pafupi nayo.
Kusiyana kwa crucian carp ndi carp
Sitikukayika kuti msodzi waluso amatha kusiyanitsa nsomba izi popanda mavuto. Koma zovuta zina zimatha kukhalapo kwa asodzi oyamba. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa kufanana ndi kusiyana kwake.
Mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi ya banja limodzi ndipo ndi zofanana, mwachitsanzo:
- Colours,
- Thupi lalikulu
- Makala akulu
- Mtundu ndi kukula kwa zipsepse.
Izi zofananira zimatha kusiyanitsidwa, m'malo mwake ndikuwunika mwachidule. Ngati mungayang'ane kwambiri, kusiyana kwake kudzatchulidwa.
Pakusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nsomba izi, izi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:
- Mapeto ake a carp ndiwotalikirapo, koma afupikitsa kutalika.
- Thupi la carp ndi lokwera pang'ono, pomwe carp ya carp, makamaka golide, imapangidwa mozungulira.
- Carp masharubu
- Kuchuluka kwa carp wamkulu kumakhala kangapo
CarpCrucian
Ponyani pamphuno.
Milomo yofunda milomo
Thupi ladzaza, lalitali, limasinthasintha Thupi limakhala lokwera, lokakamizidwa
Mulingo wakuda, waukulu .Miyeso ndiyopepuka, yaying'ono, yolimba.
Kupukusa pa fin.
Akuluakulu komanso olemera Aang'ono, opepuka
Moyo
Nthawi zambiri, nyama yamtundu wa cruci imasungidwa pansi, kapena m'nkhalango zam'madzi zam'madzi. Itha kumera m'madzi apamwamba, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yayitali yakuwuluka kwa tizilombo. Apanga masukulu, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zokha. Ndiwosasimbika kwa madzi amtundu, ngati pali zovuta zina (kupukuta kapena kuzizira kwa chosungiramo, mpweya wochepa wam'madzi) - imayikidwa mu siltali ndi hibernated. Munthawi imeneyi, zitha kukhala nthawi yayitali.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa crucian carp ndi buffalo
Nthawi zambiri, ndimamva kwa asodzi omwe ndimadziwa za kubedwa kwa njati. Atafunsidwa kuti akuwoneka bwanji, aliyense amafotokoza za carp wamba. Izi zidandidabwitsa, chifukwa adasakira nsomba pamtsinje wodziwika. Palibe koma carp wamba, roach, scavenger, nsomba ndi gudgeon, sindinabwerepo. Ndidafuna kudziwa zambiri za iye, komanso ubale wake ndi carp waku crucian.
Kodi ndi zozizwitsa zamtundu wanji izi, zokhala ndi dzina losakhala lachilendo? Izi ndi zomwe ndakwanitsa kudziwa:
- Nsomba zamtunduwu zimachokera ku America. Yalandilidwa dzina kuchokera kuboma lomwelo la Buffalo. Ndi komwe komwe adaleredwa, ndipo pambuyo pake anasudzulana bwino.
- Ku USSR, nsomba idayambitsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndi cholinga chofuna kubereka. Mulinso m'mazamba apadera.
- Pakadali pano, pali mitundu itatu ya haibridi iyi: yakuda, yaing'ono komanso yayikulu njati. Unali womaliza mwa iwo omwe adayamba mizu ku Soviet Union, tsopano ku Russia ndi maiko ena a CIS.
- Chifukwa chakuchepa mphamvu zachilengedwe za Russia, msewuwu suzuzika ndi ife. Nthawi ndi nthawi amachokera ku khola kupita kumitsinje, kugwidwa ndi asodzi.
- Nyama ya buffalo imakhala yosalala komanso yopanda mafuta kuposa carp ya crucian, komanso imakhala ndi mafupa ochepa.
- Unyinji wa munthu wamkulu wakunja wosakanizidwa wakula kangapo kuposa unyinji wa carp.
Monga momwe tikuwonera pachithunzichi ndi mafotokozedwe, nsomba izi ndizofanana kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zozizwitsa zakumayiko akunja, nthawi ndi nthawi zimabwera mbedza ya asodzi, nthawi zambiri, anthu amagwira siliva wosavuta crucian carp.
Kutanthauzira Carasius auratus gibelio, carasius auratus
Gawo lonse la Belarus
Banja la cyprinids (Cyprinidae).
Mpaka 2003, adatchedwa Carasius auratus gibelio, ngakhale kale Carasius auratus.
Kuphatikiza siliva crucian carp m'malo osungira ku Belarus kunayamba mu 1948. Gulu la nsomba lomwe lidayesedwa kudera la Belarus lidatengedwa kuchokera kosiyanasiyana ndikuphatikiza mitundu ya amphymtic ndi gynogenetic. Amphimictic crucian carp (1000 toyesa) adalowetsedwa kuchokera beseni lamtsinje. Cupid mu famu ya nsomba ya Volma, pomwe adakhazikika pamafamu ndi nsomba m'malo osungira kumpoto komanso pakati pa Belarus. M'mafamu a nsomba "White" ndi "Red Dawn", omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero lokonzanso siliva wa crucian carp kumwera kwa dzikolo, fomu yake ya gynogenetic (1250 toyesa) idachokera ku Sabvinsky hatchery (dera la Moscow). Komabe, pambuyo pake panali kusakanikirana kwa anthu ochokera kuma famu osiyana siyana komanso mayendedwe amtunduwu asodzi amateur. Mpaka pano, kufalitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya siliva crucian carp ku Belarus sikunaphunzire.
Pakadali pano, ma crucian a siliva amapezeka kwambiri m'malo osungira mitsinje ya Dnieper, Pripyat, Zapadnaya Dvina ndi Neman.
Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, ma crucians a siliva amafika kutalika kwa 10cm komanso kulemera kwa 25-30 g.Msodzi wa nsomba wazaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi wa moyo umatha kutalika 30-30 cm ndikulemera kuposa 1 kg. M'mawonekedwe, siliva wa crucian carp ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi carp wamba, wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wina, komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa branchial stch koyambirira kwa branchial arch komanso matumbo amatalika. Makala ndi akulu, oyenera-olimba, mzere wotsatira muli masikelo 27-33. Mapeto ake ndi aatali. Lingala lomwe lili kumapeto kwa carc cruc ndi lalikulupo kuposa carp wamba. Mano a Pharyngeal ndi mzere umodzi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi crucian carp.
Mtundu, carp crucian amasiyana ndi wamba crucian carp m'mbali mwa thupi ndi pamimba, komanso mumdima, pafupifupi wakuda, mtundu wa peritoneum.
Mosiyana ndi carp yodziwika bwino, carp ya cruci imakonda kupezeka m'madzi ndi mitsinje yayikulu, m'madzi oyenda. Amatsatira malo omwewo, osapanga maulendo ataliatali komanso kutalikirana mu dziwe.
Amakhala ndi moyo wabwino, amakonda madzi osungirako ndi madzi osayenda kapena kuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso pansi. Amapulumuka pamavuto pang'ono kapena nthawi yonse yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala masango m'malo ozama. Pakatentha, ndikusiya malo omera nthawi yachisanu komanso nthawi yotentha, imafalikira pamadzi onse, ikumakonda malo osaya. Zodzikundikira zimapanganso mu Meyi - June m'malo otetemera komanso nthawi yophukira ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madzi mukamapita m'malo achisanu.
Carp ya siliva imakhwima pofika zaka 3-4, ndipo m'mikhalidwe yabwino ngakhale kale ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 18. Kutumphukira kumachitika mu carp yasiliva yofanana ndi momwe zimakhalira pakukula kwa Carp, koma imakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo imatha kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Kubalaza kumagawika, kumayambira pa kutentha kwa madzi pansi pa 16-18ºС. Kukwanira kwathunthu kwa akazi, kutengera zaka, kutalika ndi kulemera kwa thupi laanthu ndi mazira 90-650.
Mu kuchuluka kwa siliva crucian carp, mawonekedwe apadera a kubereka ndikukula kwa nsomba amawonedwa - gynogenesis (kuchokera ku Greek gyne wamkazi ndi genesis chiyambi). Zimadziwika chifukwa chakuti kulowerera kwa umuna kulowa mu dzira, ma nuclei awo samalumikizana, ndipo pakupititsa patsogolo kwa mluza kokha khungu la dzira limagwira nawo. Mu gynogeneis, mbewu imakhala ya akazi okha, ndipo mazira amaphatikizidwa ndi umuna wa mitundu yapafupi. Chifukwa chake, siliva carp caviar akhoza kulowetsedwa ndi umuna wa carp, roach, wamba crucian carp, tench, loach ndi mitundu ina yapafupi, koma ana amtsogolo adzalandira zikhalidwe zokhazo zoyambirira za mtundu wa siliva crucian carp. Chiwerengero chachilendo chachilendo chimawonedwa m'mitundu yasiliva. Monga lamulo, pali amuna ochepa kuposa akazi. Komabe, pamakhala anthu ambiri omwe amuna palibe. Ziwerengero zofanana za kugonana ndizosowa. Mpikisano wama gynogenetic wa crucian carp uli ndi ma chromosome atatu, pomwe nsomba za anthu ochulukirapo zimasunga ma chromosomes awiri.
Silver crucian imadyanso ma invertebrates am'madzi monga wamba crucian carp - ma invertebrates apansi, makamaka mphutsi za chironomid, amagwiritsanso ntchito zooplankton ndi phytoplankton ndi zakudya zamasamba. Samadya nthawi yozizira.
Kuchulukitsa kumadalira mtundu wamalo osungirako, koma mwachilengedwe malo osungirako zachilengedwe sakhala okwera. Mwa nyama zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, matupi osaya am'madzi (Nyanja ya Chervonoe) ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, amatha kufikira thupi lolemera mpaka 1 kg.
Popanda kusunthira kwakutali panthawi ya moyo wawo, siliva wa crucian carp nthawi yomweyo adagunda maulendo ataliatali ngati chinthu chodziwika bwino. Chifukwa chozolowerana ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, carp siliva ndi chinthu chodziwika kwambiri chobala nsomba m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi m'mafamu.
Siliva crucian ndiwodziwika chifukwa cha kupangidwe kwake kodabwitsa ndipo ndi kholo la mitundu yambiri yamakono ya nsomba zagolide.
Imapezeka paliponse mumisika yamalonda ndi masewera. Pamodzi ndi carp wamba, ndi chinthu chotchuka kwambiri pakusodza. Carp nthawi zambiri imagwidwa ndi ndodo za nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi, mafunde am'magazi, mkate wowonda kapena mtanda womwe umakonzedwa pang'ono ndi zopindika, hemp, mafuta a anise, peppermint kapena laurel. M'malo osungira osiyanasiyana, "zokonda" zamtundu wamiyala zimasiyana, ndipo zimachitika kuti m'malo osungira ena tsiku lotsatira amafunanso phokoso. Chifukwa chake, posodza kwa anthu amtondo amatenga nawo mphenzi zosiyanasiyana. Carp yasiliva imakonda mphutsi zazing'ono zofiira. Asodzi amasankha malo akuya pafupi ndi zomera zam'madzi. Karasey atha kugwidwa kuchokera pansi, kuchokera pakati pamadzi ndi pafupifupi kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, mu tsiku limodzi amagwidwa bwino kuchokera pansi, enawo - kuchokera theka lamadzi, kotero pamene asodzi ndi ndodo zingapo akuyenera kuyikidwa kuzama zosiyanasiyana kenako ndikuyang'ana pa yomwe carp idayamba. Kugwira mochita bwino kwambiri kwa anthu oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi pambuyo pake. Pakati pa chilimwe, crucian carp sagwidwa bwino, koma zimachitika kuti masiku ena zimachitika bwino.
Mwambiri, kuluma kwa crucian ndikosakhazikika. Kuluma crucian carp tsiku lonse, koma nthawi yabwino yoluma imakhala m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo, makamaka masiku opanda phokoso nyengo yabwino.
Kuluma kwa crucian kumakhala kwadekha komanso kosatha, choncho ziboko zam'mbuyo komanso zazitali sizitha. Nthawi zambiri Crucian amatenga ulesi ndikumeza khungubwe posachedwa, pokhapokha ngati ali ndi njala kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyandama kumayamba kunjenjemera, kenako ndikuyamba kupita pang'ono. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuwedza. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti kuluma kwa chimphona chachikulu chofanana ndi kuluma kwa tench komanso kuphika, pomwe imasunthira kumbali kapena pakati. Ndikuluma kofowoka, zimachitika kuti kuyandama kumaterera pamadzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yodula isanafike: nsomba zikuyesa phokoso. Ndikofunika kudikirira mpaka kuyandama kuyambe kusuntha (nsomba yomwe ili ndi mphuno mkamwa), kenako ndikudula. Kututa ma crucians sikuti kuli ndi mavuto akulu. Kuluma kwa woyendetsa siliva kumakhala kwanzeru ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ngati kuluma kwa phula.
Carp Crucian ndi gawo lodziwika bwino komanso lofala kwambiri pophika nsomba. Zokoma kwambiri ndizokazinga, zopaka kapena kuphika.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina
Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imasiyana mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Kusiyanitsa kumadalira malo okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Mu mitundu ya silvery, thupi limakhala lalitali, mzere wam'mbuyo ulibe ma bulge, notch pa caudal fin imakhala yayikulupo.
Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yosiyana: ozungulira golide ndi siliva wosakaniza. Kuzungulira kumutu, mzere wakumbuyo umakwera m'malo otsetsereka. Mtundu wazowoneka mozungulira umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku golide wakuda kupita ku golide wofiirira. Anthu oyenda ndi siliva, mosiyana ndi ozungulira, ngati madzi oyenda kapena mabatani abata, komanso madzi oyera oyenda amadzi ndi mitsinje yamadzi osefukira.
Kuyang'ana siliva ndi njati kuyeneranso kusiyanitsidwa. Pamimba, miyeso ya carp ya cruci sichitsukidwa bwino - ndikosavuta kudula, ndipo mu njati imachotsedwa mosavuta. Buffalo amakula kukula kwakukulu, nthawi zina anthu amafika 15 kg. Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa siliva crucian carp kuchokera ku buffalo momwe mutu: mu buffalo, imafanana ndi mutu wa carp siliva.
Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi carp posakhala masharubu m'makona amkamwa. Nyama ya crucian ndi yoyera, pomwe carp ndi pinki. Mutu wa carp wapindika nthawi, ndipo masikelo ndi okulirapo. Carps ikhoza kukhala yayikulu - mpaka 20 kg, komanso yayitali kuposa mita.
Usodzi wam'madzi
Madzi akatentha mpaka 15 ° C, anthu oyenda panyanja amayamba kutuluka, nthawi zina asodzi amakhala akuwoneka akutalika pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse. Kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kokwezeka kwa zhor crucian carp kumapereka usodzi wabwino. Pakadali pano, nsomba zimaba pa nyambo iliyonse mosasamala. Zochulukirazi zimayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimaloleza kuti usodzi ukhale kumtunda.
Kusodza m'chilimwe
M'chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamasamba kumapangitsa kuti nyambo ya crucian ikhale ndi nyambo. Asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakaniza: mkate, mtanda, nyemba zotentha, zokometsedwa ndi hemp, adyo, vanila. Masana, nsomba zimayenera kugwidwa pafupi ndi matope, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo ndi usiku zimaluma m'malo apamwamba am'madzi ambiri. Mvula ikatha, mitunduyi, mosiyana ndi ena, imatsika ndikuletsa kuluma.
Usodzi kugwa
Mu nyengo yozizira, nsomba imachepetsa njira zofunika, imayamba kuyankha molakwika ku zakudya zowonjezera. Zomwe nsomba zimachepa, zimayamba kufunafuna madzi otentha m'malo matope. Kusodza kumakhala kwabwino kwambiri ndikutulutsa kwakutali mpaka nsombazo sizinapite kukazizira nyengo yachisanu. Masiku otentha otentha ndi mwayi wotsiriza kwa asodzi kuwedza nsomba za crucian carp.
Kuswana kwanyumba
M'mafamu ambiri a nsomba kubereka bwino ku Karasi. Kusadzikuza kwawo komanso kuchita bwino kwawo kumathandizira kuti asodzi apange nsomba. Tsopano carp yasiliva imamera m'madziwe aliwonse osayenera kwa mitundu ina ya ichthyofauna chifukwa cha kusowa bwino kwa nkhokwe. Ndi kuswana kochita kupanga, nsomba imakonda kudya zakudya zophatikiza.
Madera akumpoto, komwe madzi ozizira salola kukula kwa carp kapena carp, nsomba yosakhulupirika imeneyi imapereka maula akuba. Matenda akayamba kupezeka dziwe, alimi a nsomba amasiya carp carp (osatetezedwa ndi matenda) kwa zaka zingapo kuti azilamulira dziwe. Pulasitiki wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu umalola obereketsa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano ya mitundu yofunikira.
Mawonekedwe
Carp yasiliva yasiliva imasiyana mosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mitundu yodziwika bwino - Golden, kapena otchedwa Common Crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Pakamwa pa Cassius gibelio, kapena C. auratus gibelio wamtundu wotsiriza, popanda antennae. Dera la peritoneum mu nsomba zam'madzi zatsopano, monga lamulo, silikhala ndi utoto. Malipiro a dorsal ndiwotalikirapo komanso amakhazikika mkati. Mano amodzi a pharyngeal.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kumatha kudziwika ngati sikelo yayikulu, yooneka ngati kuwala, komanso kutalika kwenikweni kwa thupi. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ya sikelo ya munthu wotchedwa crucian imakhala ndi mtundu wa siliva kapena imvi, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zoyerekeza zomwe ndi zagolide komanso za mtundu wa lalanje. Zipsepse zimakhala zowonekera, maolivi opepuka kapena imvi, pang'ono pang'ono.
Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa kutalika ndi kutalika kwa thupi zimatha kusintha mothandizidwa ndi zina zakunja, kuphatikiza makamaka momwe zinthu ziliri mu nsomba. Chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe a ray yoyamba yains ndi zipsepse za dorsal, zomwe zimakhala zolimba ndi serase. Kuphatikiza apo, ma ray ena onse opanga bwino amadziwika ndi kufewa kokwanira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa crucian carp kusinthika mosavuta ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe komanso kusinthika kwa mawonekedwe awo, zidatilola kupanga nsomba zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa, zomwe zimatchedwa "Fish Fish".
M'malo okhala ndi vuto la kudyetsa, ngakhale achikulire samakula ngati kanjedza. Kulemera kwambiri kwa nsomba za golide pamaso pa chakudya chochulukirapo komanso chokhazikika nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa ma kilogalamu awiri kapena kupitirira apo, kutalika kwakanthawi kwamunthu wamkulu ngati masentimita 40-42.
Zochita ndi moyo
Nthawi zambiri, crucian carp imasungidwa pafupi ndi pansi kapena kukwereredwa m'nkhokwe zamitundu yambiri yam'madzi. Pa gawo la tinthu tambiri tambiri, nthawi zambiri nsomba zamphongo zomwe zimakonda kudya zimadzuka.
M'moyo wawo, nyama zamtundu wa cruci zimakhala m'gulu la nsomba zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa, koma anthu akulu akulu amatha kukhalanso ndi imodzi.
M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana, zizindikiro za nsomba za tsiku ndi tsiku sizofanana. Nthawi zambiri, zochitika zapamwamba zimachitika nthawi yamadzulo komanso m'mawa kwambiri, koma m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe, carp crucus amadya usiku okha, chifukwa cha nsomba zowopsa. Zochita za Cassius gibellio zimakhudzidwanso ndi nyengo komanso kusintha kwakanthawi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Siliva Carp Carp ndi nsomba yosamalitsa, koma yogwira ntchito kwambiri, yokhala moyo wokhazikika, koma panthawi yopanda kanthu, anthu akuluakulu amatha kusiya madzi am'madzi kupita kumilandu kapena kukwera mitsinje yambiri.
M'madzi a dziwe loyenda komanso chimbudzi choyera chokwanira ndi boma labwino la okosijeni, carp crucian amatha kupitiliza kuchita chaka chonse. M'madzi osasunthika omwe amatha kufa ndi njala, mpweya wabwino nthawi zambiri umakhala m'malo obisika. Zinthu zomwe zimakakamiza nsomba kuti muchepetse ntchito zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo "kutulutsa" kwamadzi oyambitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa phytoplankton.
Utali wamoyo
Monga momwe kuwonera kwa nthawi yayitali kukuwonetseranso, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa nsomba za golide kumakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, komanso achikulire ndi anthu akuluakulu, omwe zaka zawo zimatha kupitilira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, ndizofala kwambiri.
Habitat, malo okhala
Carp yasiliva imapezeka m'munsi mwa mitsinje monga Danube ndi Dnieper, Prut ndi Volga, komanso kumapeto kwa Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya. Oimira nsomba zam'madzi zoterezi okhala ndi madzi abwino amakhala ponseponse m'madzi amphepete mwa mitsinje ya Siberian komanso mu chidebe cha Amur, m'mitsinje ya Primorye, komanso m'malo osungirako ku Korea ndi China. Dera logawidwa kwachilengedwe la siliva crucian carp limabwezeretsedwa molimbika, koma nsomba yotere imasinthidwa bwino mafunde, mitundu yonse ya mitsinje ndi nsomba zam'madzi, chifukwa chake imagwirizana ndi nsomba za golide.
Zaka zaposachedwa, carp ya crucian yakhala ikugawidwa mokhazikika m'malo okhala zatsopanozi, ndipo imathanso kuthamangitsa golide, chifukwa cha kupirira kwa mitundu yabwino komanso kuthekera kopulumuka m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. M'nyengo youma, ndi kuwuma kwachilengedwe kwa chosungira, carp carp imaboweka matope, ndikuzama ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, pomwe "amayembekeza" nthawi yabwino kwambiri.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti oimira amtunduwu amatha kukhalabe ndi vuto nthawi yachisanu m'matupi amadzi omwe amaundana mpaka pansi. Anthu opangidwa ndi ma cruci amatha kukhala m'mizimba kapena mabasiketi omwe ali ndi udzu wothira bwino kwa masiku atatu. Komabe, kufa mwachangu kwa nsomba ngati imeneyi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide, komanso zinthu zina zapoizoni poizoni kwambiri.
Kuthamanga kwa colonization kwachosungira chatsopano ndi siliva crucian ndikosatheka, ndipo malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa, mtunduwu umatha kupikisanirana ndi pamwamba kwambiri. Alimi ena a nsomba anena kuti ma carp a siliva m'malo osungiramo dziko lathu atha kuthamangitsa abale awo ambiri apamtima. Komabe, carp crucian amakonda malo osungira okwanira ndi madzi okhala ndi pansi komanso pansi. M'mitsinje, nsomba zamtunduwu ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimayesetsa kukhala m'malo omwe amapita pang'onopang'ono.. M'madzi oyenda ndimadziwe amadziwe oyandama, ma carp a mtunduwu nawonso ndi osowa kwambiri.
Zakudya za siliva crucian
Zakudya zazikulu za omnivorous siliva crucian carp zimaperekedwa:
- ma invertebrates am'madzi,
- pafupi ndi ma invertebrates,
- tizilombo ndi gawo lawo lophuka,
- mitundu yonse yamtchire,
- masamba apamwamba
- chosokoneza.
Pazakudya za nsomba za golide, kufunikira kwakukulu kumaperekedwa kwa chakudya choyambira, komanso nyama zam'madzi zokhala ngati zonyansa. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, zakudya za nyama zimakonda.
Malo omwe amatopetsedwa m'madzi amadzi ndi amadzi am'madzi ali ndi matope pansi ndi malo oyandikana ndi gombe, okhala ndi mitengo yayitali yamadzi. Ndi m'malo oterowa pomwe zimakokoloka ndi masamba osiyanasiyana osalimba. Pakudya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba zimapanga phokoso lalikulu. M'madzi amtsinje, siliva carp amasungidwa mumitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'ono kapena pang'ono. Nthambi zazomera zam'madzi ndi pakamwa pa misonkho, mitundu yonse yamtchire zomwe zimapendekera pamadzi ndizokongola kwa oyenda panyanja.
Adani achilengedwe
Poyerekeza anthu a morphological omwe amakhala ndi siliva carp wokhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, zinali zotheka kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwakapangidwe kazachilengedwe komwe kumapezeka mu mtunduwu. Tsoka ilo, m'malo osungira ambiri, nsomba zagolide, limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, zimadzaza ndi "adani achilengedwe", omwe ndi makina ozungulira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kumbukirani kuti, ngakhale kuti achikulire omwe amapita kunkhondo sanakhale ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, nsomba zotere zimakonda moyo wosamala kwambiri.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi golide, siliva waku carc sangaonongeke konse ndi rotan, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zazikuluzikulu zamtunduwu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Panthawi yokwaniritsa ntchito yakukhazikitsa zoweta zapamadzi ndi ichthyology, kafukufuku wa nsomba zonse zomwe zimapezeka mthupi lathu mdziko lathu lapansi zimakhala zofunikira. Malinga ndikuwona, pazaka makumi asanu zapitazi mitundu ya Redfin yakhala ikukulirakulira mochulukirapo kuchuluka kwake kwakumapezeka m'madzi osiyana siyana ndi matupi osiyanasiyana am'madzi, motero nsomba zamtunduwu ndizambiri.
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimagawidwira pogawana ndikuti ndikuwonjezera fomu ya Amur, kupanga ma hybridizing ndi golide komanso mitundu ina ya cyprinids. Mwa zina, crucian carp imakhala ndi chilengedwe chochulukirapo, motero, chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chimasungidwa ngakhale akukhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, osati nthawi zonse yabwino. Mkhalidwe wamtundu wa siliva crucian carp: nsomba ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chosawedza wamba, komanso masewera asodzi amateur ndi masewera.
Mtengo wosodza
Oyimira ambiri a cyprinids, kuphatikiza ndi nsomba zagolide, ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda. Oimira mtunduwu adalowetsedwa m'madzi m'dera la North America, m'madziwe a Thailand, Western Europe ndi India.
Posachedwa, carp yaku carc yakula bwino, chifukwa chake akhala nsomba yodziwika bwino mdziko lathu, kunyanja za Kamchatka. M'zaka zaposachedwa, crucian carp nthawi zambiri amakulira m'mama dziwe kapena kufamu. Mwa zina, ma subsfish a golide ndiwo adakhala maziko opangira ma aquarium golide ndi mitundu ina yokongoletsera ku China.
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zanyengo
M'malo osungira osiyanasiyana, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za crucian carp sizofanana.Nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, koma m'madziwe ena ndi dziwe limatha kudya usiku zokha. Izi ndizowona makamaka m'malo osungira pomwe nyama zamtchire zimagawana malo ndi nsomba zodya nyama.
Mwa zina, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo. Mwachitsanzo - mu kutentha kwa chilimwe, carp crucian amatha kudya m'mawa - pamene kutentha kwa madzi mu dziwe kuli kochepa, komanso kwamitambo komanso nyengo yabwino - tsiku lonse.
Zochitika zina zamtundu wa carp zimatengera nyengo zosungira. M'madziwe oyenda ndi akasungidwe okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, carp ya crucian imatha kukhala yogwira chaka chonse. Nyanja zanyanjayi, momwe mumatha kufa ndi njala mu nthawi yozizira, carp crucian nthawi zambiri imatha kugwa. Itha kubisikiranso pakati pa chilimwe - ngati madzi am'madzi momwemo akukhalamo. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa carp chifukwa cha phytoplankton kungachititsenso kuti carp ya crucian ichepetse ntchito. Pa mitsinje, crucian carp nthawi zambiri amagwira chaka chonse.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
- Khalidwe: zopatsa chidwi.
- Zinthu: ma invertebrates am'madzi ndi pafupi ndi madzi, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake, algae, mbewu zapamwamba, detritus. Mosiyana ndi nsomba za golide, zakudya zam'mera komanso crankaceic crustaceans ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za siliva.
- Zokonda Nyengo: imakonda chakudya cha nyama munyengo yachisanu, komanso yopatsa mphamvu nthawi yonseyo.
- Malo okhalamo: m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe, awa ndi matope pansi, kapena madera oyandikana ndi gombe lanyama zam'madzi zamadzi am'madzi, pomwe zozungulira za crucian carp zidakhazikitsa detritus ndi ma invertebrates kuchokera ku zimayambira. Nsomba zikamadya m'malo amenewa, nthawi zambiri zimapereka mawonekedwe ake ndikumveka kwamveka. M'mitsinje, crucian carp imayenda m'mayendedwe ochepetsetsa. Zomera za pansi pamadzi, komanso pakamwa pa misonkho ndi tchire lomwe limapendekera pamadzi - zonsezi zimakopanso crucian carp.
Kufalikira
- Zaka zakubadwa: Zaka 2-4.
- T ° Yofunikira madzi: 13-15 ° C.
- Zomera: zigawo zakumera zokhala ndi mbewu.
- Khalidwe Lofalikira: Nthawi zambiri amagawika, koma m'malo ena osambira, caviar imatha kutsukidwa mu gawo limodzi.
- Mawonekedwe: zazikazi carp zazikazi zimatha kukhala ndi gynogeneis - kubereka popanda kutengapo gawo kwa amuna a mitundu yawo. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndikuti caviar wagolide amatha kumeza ndi mkaka wa ma cyprinids ena (carp, carp, tench, goldfish). Pankhaniyi, umuna wobzala kwathunthu suchitika - caviar imangolimbikitsidwa kuti ipange, ndipo mphutsi zonse zomwe zimabisala ndi makina amtundu wachikazi omwe amayikira mazira. Chifukwa chaichi, m'malo ena osungira, anthu okhala ndi nyama zakuthwa amatha kukhala achikazi.
- Nthawi (ya Middle Urals): theka lachiwiri la Meyi - kuyambira Juni.
Kulamula
Carp siliva nthawi ina idalimidwa ku China ndipo adakhala woyamba wa mitundu yambiri yamakono ya nsomba zagolide. Poona umboni wa mbiri yakale, ntchito yoyamba kuswana mbali iyi idachitidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 13.
Chithunzi 2. mawonekedwe okongoletsa a siliva crucian carp (nsomba wamba).
Chithunzicho pamwambapa chimafotokoza mtundu wina wa nsomba ya golide, wakunja kwambiri wofanana ndi kholo lawo. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Carp yokongoletsera kapena yakuda. Mtunduwu suwopezeka mu ma aquariums, komanso umapangidwira kumalo osungira kunja, komwe umakhala bwino - chifukwa cha kupirira kwachilengedwe komanso kudzipereka kwake.
Chithunzi 3. Padziwe zopanga ndi zokongoletsera za crucian carp ndi koi mitembo.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire siliva ndi golide
Ndikothekanso kusiyanitsa siliva crucian ndi golide makamaka mu mawonekedwe a dorsal fin - poyambirira imakhala ndi notch yosavuta, yachiwiri ndi convex. Zina ziphuphu za siliva crucian carp nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuzungulira kuposa golide.
Chithunzi 4. Dorsal fin ya crucian carp.
Chithunzi 5. Dorsal fin of goldfish.
Chizindikiro chotsatira ndi mawonekedwe a muzzle. Mu nsomba zagolide zimazunguliridwa, zasiliva - zowongoka pang'ono.
Chithunzi 6. Kumanzere - crucian carp, kumanja - golide.
Mutha kusiyanitsanso nsomba ndi kuchuluka kwa mamba mzere wotsatira. Mu siliva crucian carp, masikelo ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa golide, chifukwa chake masikelo pang'ono amayikidwa mzere wotsatira - kuyambira 27 mpaka 31. Mu golide, alipo ena ochulukirapo - kuyambira 32 mpaka 35.
Monga chowonjezera, koma osati chachikulu, kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa mitundu yonseyi kungatchulidwenso. Siliva crucian, monga lamulo, ali ndi mtundu wa imvi-siliva wokhala ndi kuwala kwa bronze. Goldfish imakonda kupakidwa utoto wagolide. Komabe, pakati pa achifwamba amtundu wa siliva, anthu omwe amakhala ndi golide wachikasu nthawi zina amapezeka, motero sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito izi posankha nsomba.
Chinthu chinanso chomwe chikhoza kusiyanitsa pakati pa ana a siliva ndi golide ndi malo amdima kumunsi kwa mchira womaliza.
Chithunzi 7. Chithunzi chakuda m'munsi mwa mchira wa nsomba yagolide.
Mu siliva crucian carp, mawonekedwe awa samakhalapo konse pamtunda wa chitukuko.
Wophatikiza, wogulitsa, mestizo
Onse awa ndi mayina am'deralo a siliva crucian carp. M'malo mwake, palibe kusinthika kwapadera ndi kusakanikirana kwa mitundu komwe kunachitika. Kuphatikiza pa kuswana ku China kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa nsomba zam'madzi za aquarium. Inde, ndi nsomba yagolide yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku siliva Amur crucian carp.
Mutha kupeza malingaliro oti crucian carp ndi wosakanizidwa, chifukwa idawolokoka ndi carp, kapena china chake. Koma sizinachitike. Zophatikiza, mestizo, dushman - mayina odziwika bwino, kutengera dera.
Ku Astrakhan, komanso a Muscovites ena (mwina atayenda ma bizinesi a Astrakhan), nsombayi amatchedwa kuti Buffalo molakwika. Komabe, njati ndi nsomba yosiyana (zina pamenepa). Maonekedwe a thupi la crucian amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe akukhalira. M'mitsinje, haibridi nthawi yayitali imakhala yotalikirapo, yothamangitsidwa. Mu ma dziwe - wokulirapo, wozungulira. Utoto umakhalanso kuchokera ku golide wa siliva mpaka wakuda. Komabe, ofiira ngati golide, Dushman-hybrid-crucian sizichitika.
Miseche yonseyi imachitika chifukwa chosadziwa kuchulukana kwa nsomba komanso mphekesera. Njira zolerera siliva - gynogeneis . Mwachidule, abambo a nyama yodziwika bwino imeneyi amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa akazi. Nthawi yomweyo, amayi a carp amatuluka limodzi ndi nsomba za ma cyprinids - bream, carp, roach.
Makamaka, Carapace caviar umuna ndi mkaka wa ena cyprinids. Pankhaniyi, kudutsa sikuchitika - caviar imachulukitsa yokha, ndipo spermatozoa ya nsomba zina zimangokhala zothandizira. Zotsatira zake, carp wamba siliva wa carp amabadwa, ndipo, kachiwiri, makamaka akazi.
Palibe zosakanizidwa za carp ndi crucian carp, ndi zina zotero, monga chozizwitsa chachikulu, zilipo. Ngati nthawi zina zenizeni zoberekera (crucian carp, roach, crucian carp) zimapangidwabe, ndiye zazing'ono, ndipo sizikhudza mtundu wa anthu, popeza sangathe kubereka. Zophatikiza zonse (dushman, mestizo, Astrakhan buffalo), kupatula njati yeniyeni yaku America, yomwe ndi yosakwatiwa komanso ya crucian carp, sikuti imasiyana pokha, komanso mu banja la nsomba - wamba siliva crucian carp. Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe madzi amasungidwira komanso zosowa zina zowoneka bwino ndi ma cyprinids ena (omwe angathe kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa amapezeka pakati pa mitundu ina yonse ya nsomba, koma sitimatchula nsomba zonse padziko lapansi pozungulira).
Buffalo
Nthawi zina m'mavidiyo ndi zolembedwa za siliva crucian, buffalo amatchedwa molakwika, monga zanenedwa kale, pozindikira kuti izi ndizofanana ndi wotsutsana ndi wosakanizidwa.
M'malo mwake, njati ndi nsomba yosiyana kwambiri, ngakhale pabanja. Buffalo - mitundu ingapo ya nsomba ku North America ya banja la a Chukuchanov. Mu 70s ku USSR adayesetsa kupanga njati yaying'ono ( Ictiobus bubalus ) komanso njati yakuda ( Ictiobus niger ).
Kuyambira 1971, nsomba izi zidakulira m'mphepete mwa nsomba za Goryachy Klyuch, kenako kuyesako kunapangidwa kuti aziswana m'madziwe, komanso m'malo osungira ku Kuibyshev ndi Saratov. Kuyesera kwa kubereka kwanenedwanso ku Belarus ndi Ukraine. Komabe, njatiyo sinakhale nayo mizu - ndipo inasowa. Ndipo kubereketsa kunalibe phindu.
Komabe, m'malo osowa kwambiri mutha kugwirabe nsomba kuchokera kwa ife mpaka lero, makamaka kumwera. Mlendo wakunjayu sakuchita chilichonse ndi crucian carp. Komabe, mu makanema ambiri a YouTube, "akatswiri" ena osawadziwa amawautcha kuti carp wamba. Mwachilengedwe, njati yeniyeni, yomwe yatulutsira pang'ono m malo athu osungirako chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa zinthu izi, singasokoneze carp ya crucian. Alibe banja la carp, koma a Chukuchan.