1. Mbalame ya marabou ndi ya banja la mbawala.
2. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala ku South Asia, komanso kumwera kwa Sahara. Amakhala kumayiko otentha pomwe nyengo ndi yotentha koma yabwino.
3. Mosiyana ndi agulu ena, mbalame za mbalamezo zomwe zimayenda m'mlengalenga sizoluka khosi, koma zimakweranso ngati mbalame
4. Ngakhale maonekedwe osawoneka bwino, Aluya amalemekeza kwambiri mbalameyi, kuiona ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru. Izi ndi zomwe zidamupatsa dzina loti "marabu" - kuchokera ku mawu oti "mrabut" - ndilo dzina la wophunzira zamasilamu.
5. Mbalamezi zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu - marabou aku India, African ndi Javanese.
6. Kutalika kwa mbalame zamtundu wa Marabu kumasiyana masentimita 110 mpaka 150, mapikowo - kuyambira 210 mpaka 250 centimeter. Kulemera kwa mbalame yotere kumatha kupitilira ma kilogalamu 8.
7. Thupi lam'mwamba ndi mapiko a marabu ndi akuda, mbali yakumbuyo ndiyoyera. Pansi pa khosi pali zoyera. Mbalame zazing'ono sizochepa motere kuposa okhwima.
8. Mutu uli ndi dazi, ndipo mulomo wawukulu komanso wokulirapo. Mu mbalame zazikulu, chikwama chachikopa chimapachikidwa pachifuwa. Khosi la pakhosi limalumikizana ndi mphuno, motero limatha kulowa m'mlengalenga ndikumapumula pomwe marabou amapumula.
9. Kusowa kwa madzi pamutu ndi m'khosi mwa mbalameyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakudya kwake. Kupatula apo, mbalame za marabou zimadya zovunda, mwanzeru chilengedwe chidawalanda chivundikirocho kuti nthenga zisadetsedwe pakudya.
10. Monga nthumwi zonse za ma Ciconiiformes, marabou amakhala ndi mulomo wokulirapo wowonekera masentimita 30. Ndi "chida" chotere mbalame imasweka mosavuta pakhungu la nyama, komanso kumeza mafupa athunthu. Komanso marabou amatha kuyamwa makoswe, ena am'mimba komanso tizilombo.
African marabou
11. African Marabou ndiye membala wamkulu wa banja la Stork. Kuchokera pa dzinalo nthawi yomweyo zimadziwika kuti mbalameyi ndi mbadwa za ku Africa.
12. Kukhazikika kwawo ndi pakati komanso kumwera kwa Africa; mbalamezi sizimapezeka ku South Africa kokha. Amakonda kukhala m'matanthwe, mapiri a savannah, zigwa za mitsinje ndi malo a marshy. Sichikhala m'nkhalango ndi m'zipululu.
13. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo opezeka malo okhala pafupi ndi mizinda yayikulu. Mutha kukakumana nawo pafupi ndi nsomba ndi malo ophera, kumene kuli zinyalala zambiri za chakudya, zina zomwe zimapita ku marabou.
14.African marabou imatha kutalika ndi masentimita 150 kutalika ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu 9. Wingspan - 2,5-3.2 mamita. Kutalika kwake, matupi awo amafikira mita 1.2-1.3. Palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, kupatula kuti amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
15. Oimira mtundu uwu ndiabwino kwambiri, zakudya zokhazokha zomwe mbalame zimasamba ndikuyamba kudya. Ndipo marabou aku Africa nawonso sakonda kusamba.
Indian marabu
16. Marabou m'chilengedwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: amadya mitembo, ndikuyeretsa dziko lapansi ndikupewa kuyambika kwa matenda ndi miliri.
17. Amathandizanso m'mizinda, momwe oimira ambiri a iwo otumphukira asonkhana pamiyala, akudya chilichonse chomwe angameze.
18. Maziko a mbalamezi ndi zovomerezeka, koma amatha kudya nyama yamoyo, ngati kukula kwa womenyedwayo kumalola kumeza nthawi yomweyo. Amatha kukhala anapiye a mbalame zina, achule, zala, zodzikongoletsera, nsomba, mazira.
19. Marabu khazikika m'midzi yayikulu. Osawopa kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, mwinanso njira ina yozungulira - nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimawoneka m'midzi, pafupi ndi zotayidwa, ndikulimbikitsa kuti mupeze chakudya kumeneko.
20. Ndi marabu ndi mimbulu yomwe imagwirira ntchito monga njira zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, miimba imayamba kudula mtembo wa nyama, ndikung'amba khungu. Ndipo marabou, kudikirira mphindi yabwino, ndikugwira nyama yakufayo poyenda kamodzi, pambuyo pake amapitikiranso kumbali kuyembekezera nthawi ina yabwino.
21. Chifukwa chake, ankhandwe ndi marabou amadya nyama yonse, kusiya mafupa okhaokha padzuwa. Khama la mbalamezi limatsimikizira kuti nyama zamtundu uliwonse zizichotsamo zinyalala.
Javanese marabu
22. Javanese marabu, iyi ndi mitundu yomwe yasowa.
23. Marabou ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malire. Amapeza malo awo, monga lamulo, pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto zosiyanasiyana za artiodactyl, komanso pafupi ndi minda ndi ma landfill.
24. Chifukwa cha mbalame izi, miliri yosiyanasiyana ikupewa, zomwe zimayamba kuphulika apa ndi apo mu nyengo zamapiri izi.
25. Mbalamezi sizimachoka komwe zimakhala, komabe, zikafunafuna malo oti zikadyere, zimayendera limodzi - ichi ndi chowoneka bwino komanso chopatsa chidwi.
26. Zidzu za marabou m'malo ambiri. Mbalamezi zimamanga zisa kuchokera ku nthambi ndi nthambi. Pakatikati, chisa cha marabou chimakhala cha kuya kwa mita - 30 mpaka 40 cm.
27. Zapezeka m'makona a mitengo pamtunda wa pafupifupi 15-25 mita pansi. Nthawi zina, zisa zimakhala pamiyala.
28. Marabou amakula pazaka 4-5. M'nyengo yamvula, marabou amayamba nyengo yakukhwima, ndipo anapiye amasaka pofika nthawi ya chilala. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama zambiri zimafa popanda madzi, ndipo nthawi yak phwando lenileni yafika ku Marabou.
29. Mphete zawo zimakhala ndi mazira awiri. Zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimaswa mazira. Onsewo, amasamalira mbadwo wachinyamata mpaka ana awo atadzilamulira okha.
30. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Mbalamezi ndi makolo osamala, amabweretsa anapiye awo kwa nthawi yayitali, kudyetsa, kuteteza, kuteteza ndi kuphunzitsa. Pachisa, anapiyewo amakhala miyezi 4, pambuyo pake amayamba kuwuluka.
31. Pomwe anapiye ali mchisa, amadya chakudya chamoyo chomwe makolo awo amawabweretsa.
32. Ndiye kuti mbalame za marabou zaku Africa zimawuluka ndikuyang'anira nyama. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Chimodzi chikangofa chiweto, mbalame za mkango zimasonkhana pomwepo.
33. Ku Kenya, ku Nairobi, mbalamezi zimakhala m'mizinda, kupanga nyumba pamitengo, ndipo palimodzi, awiriawiri, kuwaswa ana, osasamala phokoso ndi phokoso lozungulira.
34. Chiwerengero cha marabou aku Africa ali ndi anthu ambiri, motero sichowopseza chiwonongeko.
35. Komanso, mbalamezi zimagwira nsomba: marabou amakhala m'madzi osaya ndikutsitsa mulomo pang'ono m'madzi, nsomba zikangolowa mumtsinjewo, mulomo umagunda ndipo marabou ameza nyama yake.
36. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakakulu, marabou nthawi zina amalolera kuti adye chakudya kuchokera kwa ang'ono, owopsa, olusa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku chiwombankhanga.
37. Nthawi zina maraba amatchedwa mbalame yoyandikira chifukwa cha ulemu ndi mtundu wankhondo.
38. Pothawa, marabou amatha kutalika mpaka 4000 metres. Izi zikuwoneka zodabwitsa, poganizira kuti mbalame ya marabou ndiyoti imagwiritsa ntchito modekha, koma ndi mbalame yolemetsa, koma imawulukira modabwitsa.
39. Mukayang'ana mbalameyi ndipo simukuganiza kuti ndi luso lenileni pakuwongolera mafunde amlengalenga.
40. Pankhani ya zisa, marabou amasiyanitsidwa ndi nyengo yokondweretsa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti banja limakhazikika chisa chakale, chopezedwa "ndi cholowa", ndikungochikonza pang'ono.
41. Pali nthawi zina pamene marabou adakhala mbadwo kum'badwo wina m'malo amodzi zaka makumi asanu!
42. Mwambo waukwati wa marabou ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro athu. Ndi akazi omwe amamenyera chidwi cha amuna omwe amasankha kapena kukana onyengawo. Izi zikachitika, amayenera kuteteza chisa chawo kwa alendo osawadziwa.
43. Amapangitsa maraba iyi ngati mawonekedwe a nyimbo, koma kunena zoona, mbalame izi siziri konse zaphokoso ndipo sizokoma.
44. Phokoso lomwe apanga limakhala longa kulira, kuwomba kapena kuwomba mluzu. M'zochitika zina zonse, phokoso lokha lomwe limamveka kuchokera ku marabou ndikugunda kwa milomo yawo yamphamvu.
45. Mimbulu ndi mpikisano waukulu wa mbalamezi, koma mbalame ya marabou sichingachite popanda marabou kuphera nyama yakufa. Ndi okhawo omwe amatha kuthana ndi kutsegula kwa nyama yakufa, chifukwa cha mulomo wawo wakuthwa.
46. Ku Kenya, ndi ku maiko ena a ku Africa, mbalameyi imatha kuwoneka ikuuluka m'mwamba ndikuyang'ana nyama.
47. Chilichonse chomwe chidalipo, koma m'maiko ambiri a ku Africa kuti akumane ndi maraba ndi chizindikiro choyipa. Amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi ndi yoyipa, yachinyengo, yoyipa komanso yonyansa.
48. Ku Africa, mbalame za marabou zidadzaza mizinda yonse, sitingathe kuzipeza, simungazipeze ku malo osungira nyama, ndipo zili ngati akhwangwala, koma sizingasinthike mu mzindawu, chifukwa ngakhale kuli mizinda ikubwera, kuli zinyalala zambiri pamenepo.
49. Utali wonse wa mbalamezi kuthengo ndi zaka 22-25, zaka 3032 mu ukapolo.
50. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame za m'madzi zilibe mdani, koma kuchuluka kwa mitundu iliyonse panthawiyo sikungathe kupitirira 1000 chifukwa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwawo.
Kufotokozera kwa African Marabou
Pafupifupi, mtundu wa marabou uli ndi oimira atatu - Indian, Javanese, koma ndilankhula za ku Africa.
Mbalamezi zimatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Ndipo mapiko amatha kufikira atatu. Mwa unyinji, amatha kufikira ma kilogalamu khumi.
Mbalameyi ilibe nthenga pakhosi ndi pamutu, imangoyatsidwa pang'ono. Zachilengedwe zinawonetsetsa kuti sizisambitsa zodetsa pamene zikuwononga zovunda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi yomwe amathawa samatambasulira makosi awo, mosiyana ndi abale awo, koma amawafinya m'thupi.
Omwe amakhulupirira kuti mbalame imangonyamula mavuto ndi matenda, koma sichoncho.
Kodi Africa Marabu amakhala kuti?
Sikovuta kumvetsetsa kuchokera ku dzina loti dziko la marabu ndi Africa. Ambiri amakhala kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Amapezekanso pakatikati komanso kumwera kwa kondinendi.
Marabou sakonda nkhalango zowirira, chifukwa ndizovuta kufunafuna chakudya kumeneko. Amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso pafupi ndi dziwe komanso madambo. Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimayamba kukhazikika pafupi ndi anthu. Kupatula apo, komwe anthu - pali zovuta zowonongeka, komanso kutulutsa kwamtunda kumakhala chakudya.
Amakhala ndi abale mwamtendere ndipo amasonkhana pagulu lalikulu. Ngakhale pamtengo umodzi mabanja angapo amatha kupangira chisa nthawi imodzi.
Kuswana kwa Marabu
Kukula kwa kugonana kwa mbalamezi kumachitika pazaka chimodzi. Amatenga banja moyo wonse. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, mbalameyi, mbalame yaikazi imafunafuna yamphongo.
Kusankha mnzake, amapangira chisa. Ndipo amachita izi molimbika kwambiri - miyeso imakwana mita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 40 kutalika.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri kapena atatu. Patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kukwatula, anapiye amatuluka. Amayamba maulendo awo oyamba pafupifupi miyezi inayi, ndi m'badwo uno kuti maula ake amapangidwa mokwanira. Ndipo akafika pa kutha, makolo amachokapo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chachimuna chimathandizira chikazi mosamala nthawi yonseyi. Samangodyetsa banja ndikubweretsa osaganizira, komanso gawo loyamba limathandizira mkazi kuti aswe mazira.
Kodi marabou amadya chiyani?
Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalamezi ndi zovalazo. Mlomo wamphamvu wam'mentimita 30 umapangidwa kuti ulekanitse mnofu ndi mafupa. Zachakudya zabwino zopezeka kumapfumbi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti agulugufewa ndi oyera kwambiri. Ndipo ngati chakudyacho chili chodetsedwa, sangadye mpakachichotsa padziwe.
Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa zovunda ndi zinyalala zochokera kumapangidwe amtunda kumapangitsa ma dokowa kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri chilengedwe. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri amagawana zovunda ndi mimbulu yakumaloko.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kuseketsa ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amadziwanso zam'madzi. Makamaka, osagwira, koma kudikirira nthawi yomwe iye mwini adzalowa mkamwa mwawo. Kuyimirira m'madzi, amatsitsa mulomo wawo m'madzi ndikudikirira nthawi yayitali.
Onani Mkhalidwe
Chifukwa chakupsa msanga, kuchuluka kwa mbalame za marabou tsopano kwawonjezeka pang'ono, ngakhale mpaka posachedwapa kunali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Koma abale achi India a mbalamezi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Dinani zithupsa, siyani ndemanga ndikutsatira njira, kuti musaphonye zofalitsa zaposachedwa.
Mutha kuwona zolemba zabwino kwambiri (malinga ndi owerenga) za njira yokhudza nyama zosowaLINANI