Sonya nyama * Zodzikongoletsera

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Nyumba yanyumba ndi m'modzi mwa oimira dongosolo la mbewa. Zing'ono kwambiri kuti zimakwanira bwino m'manja mwa munthu. Nyama zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi mchira wautali wofanana ndi agologolo.

Koma mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala pamitengo yomwe ili ndi kukongola mchira. Koma mtundu wina wa nyama izi umapatsidwa mchira wamba. Nyama yosangalatsa imatha kuonekera makamaka m'malo opezekamo ndi nkhalango. Ena mwa iwo amakonda kuphika padzuwa motero amapezeka kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Africa.

Habitat chinyama komanso wamba ku China, Japan, Altai ndi Asia Minor. Koma pakati pa makoko awa, pali mitundu yomwe imakonda mpweya wozizira. Nthawi zambiri kuposa nyama zokhala ndi dzinalo sony imatha kuwoneka m'nkhalango zowirira. Chifukwa chake, m'chipinda cham'makomo Nthawi zambiri moyo umakhala pakati panthambi za mitengo.

Mu chithunzi, Sonya Polchok

Malo ogona m'nkhalango amamanga malo awo okhalamo phompho la mitengo kapena amapanga chisa chotetezeka, cholimba, monga chizolowezi, chomwe chimapangidwa ngati nthambi zamphamvu. Ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito malo pansi pa mtengo wakugwa, kapena kukumba pansi pa mizu.

Ngati mwana wakhazikika pamunda wamaluwa, ndiye kuti mbewu zobzalidwa zimacheperachepera. Chifukwa chake anthu samakondwera m'munda wogona. Mpaka pano, chiŵerengero cha ogulitsa alendo chatsika kwambiri, motero adayamba kuwaberekera kunyumba, kuti asataye nyama zoseketsa zoterezi.

Mu chithunzi m'nkhokwe dormouse

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mafoni, salola kusungulumwa, amakonda kukhala pakati pa abale awo. Nthawi zonse amakhala okangalika ndipo samakhala panyumba. Sonya monga chiweto Amakhala bwino akakhala ndi banja, koma mitundu ina imakonda kukhala yokhayokha.

Nyama izi zimasamala kwambiri ndikuwopa phokoso lililonse losayembekezeka. Chifukwa chake, kwa chiweto, pogona pamafunika kukonzedwa, pokhapokha pentheyo itha kukhala yododometsa.

Hazel dormouse ndi dormouse amazolowera anthu mwachangu kwambiri, koma ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chiweto chokongola kuyambira ali mwana kuti pasakhale zovuta zochepa zokhala ndi chizolowezi. Kenako ana awa amayembekeza kudza kwanu kudzadyetsa manja anu.

Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi malaya okongola a ubweya. Chovala chofewa kwambiri komanso chofewa chamunthu aliyense wamkulu sichingasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi, ndipo mwana wamng'ono adzadabwa konse. Onani chithunzichi pomwe nyama yakuthengo imayang'ana ndi mikanda yaying'ono yakuda kuti munthu mosanyinyirika akufuna kukhudza chotumphukira ichi.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, ziyenera kudziwika kuti dormouse ikhoza kuluma mwamphamvu, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mwapanga naye ubale. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti ndi amanyazi kwambiri ndipo kukokomeza kulikonse kungayambitse chitetezo.

Komabe achinyama ndiwofatsa kwambiri, kotero kutenga nyamayi m'manja mwanu sikungayang'anire kuthawa kwake pompopompo. Zigawo zamasekondi ndi Sonya zidzakhala pamutu panu, kenako, mwina, pazenera ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhala mfulu.

Chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala atcheru komanso osapatsa mwayi othawa kwawo kuti asawonekere. Ndikufuna kuchenjeza kuti nyamayi singagwire mchira, popeza imatha kuthamangira kutsogolo ndipo mudzangokhala ndi khungu loonda kwambiri m'manja mwanu. Vuto ndiloti zitatha izi, mchira sukulanso.

Ndipo nyamazo zimakwawa mochenjera ngakhale m'mphepete zopendekera kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kudziwika kuti osati mitengo, komanso nyumba zanyumba. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mphatso yachilengedwe kuti ichoke m'mphepete.

Mu vivo, mwayi wapaderawu umapulumutsa miyoyo. Chifukwa cha kumva kwabwino kwambiri, tulo titha kubisala pachiwopsezo chapanthawi. Ma Auricles, ngati opanga, nthawi zonse amasinthasintha pawokha. Makutu akulu kwambiri ndi dormouse.

Sonya ndi nyama usiku, koma ali mu ukapolo mutha kusintha moyo wawo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwalitsa malo usiku, komanso masana kuti mupange kuwunikira ndi nyali ya buluu kapena yofiira.

Kuwona zovuta zawo, mutha kusangalala komanso kusangalala kwambiri tsiku lonse. Nthawi zambiri sonya chinyama imatha kuwoneka mu malo ogulitsira ziweto, komanso mu nazale yapadera, choncho ndizotheka gula mtundu wokongola kwa aliyense wokonda.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya za makoswe ndizosiyanasiyana. Pazakudya zazikulu, zimaphatikizapo mbewu za mpendadzuwa ndi mitundu yonse ya mtedza. Mano a Sonya ndi akuthwa kwambiri kotero kuti kutembenuza mtedza m'miyala, amalowa mkati mwa chipolopolo ndikupeza zipatso zabwino. Nyama zazing'ono ndizomera zamasamba, motero mitundu yonse yazipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba nthawi zonse zimakhala pamakampani awo.

Koma kwa mitundu yonse ya chakudya ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi muyezo. Chifukwa chake nkhalango, dimba ndi malo ogona ku Africa, chakudya cha nyama ndichikhalidwe. Komanso, nyama sizimakonda kuchitira nyama yosaphika, tchizi komanso tchizi. Mango, nkhata, zikwanje ndi chakudya cham'madzi ndichakudya chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri cha kugona.

Ngati atha kuthawa m'nyumba yokakamizidwa, makoswe ochepa, mbalame ndi abuluzi amatha kukhala chakudya chabwino. Koma dormouse wa mitengo amakonda zonse zomwe zimamera pamitengo.

Nthawi zina amakonda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Sonya, wokhala m'mitengo, amafufuza zisa za mbalame ndi kudya ndi mazira awo. Mtundu wamtunduwu umathanso kuukira nyama zing'onozing'ono.

Terrestrial dormouse herbivores. Zakudya zachikhalidwe zimaphatikizapo masamba a dandelions, clover ndi nettle. Munda wapanja Popeza sanakhazikike pafupi ndi zipatso, amadya maapulo, mapeyala ndi zipatso zina zochuluka limodzi ndi njere.

Mu chithunzi pinda mchipinda chodyeramo

Kukonzekera nthawi yozizira kugwa, dormouse la m'munda limadzisonkhanitsa mafuta, kenako nkugona modekha. Paukapolo, Dormouse amadya mbewu, mbewu, zipatso ndi mtedza. Chiphuphu chimakonda nyama yophika, mkaka, tchizi komanso tchizi.

Sony kuswana ndi kukhala ndi moyo

Amuna ndi akazi amakhala limodzi kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro koyambira, masewera aukwati amayamba pa Sonya. Munthawi imeneyi, "amayimba" moseketsa. Mzunguwo ndi wokwera kwambiri, chifukwa kukhala pafupi, mwina simungathe kugona usiku.

Masana, nyama zimachita mosamala komanso mwakachetechete.. Akamaliza kupakika, njirayo imathamangira kukamanga chisa chake chokondweretsa. Amayi amasamalira ana makamaka iwo eni.

Monga lamulo, ana a 3-5 obadwa. Sonia amaphimba bwino nyumba ya ana ake ndi udzu wofewa ndi masamba ofatsa. Pafupifupi masiku 27-30 pambuyo pa umuna, ana amuna amaliseche ndi akhungu amabadwa.

Nthawi zina pali ena okhala m'chipinda chocheperako omwe amakhala mgulu laling'ono. Pankhaniyi, osati amayi okha, koma mamembala onse a banja la mbewa amayang'anira akhanda. Kuyima pawokha kwa ana kumachitika pakadutsa miyezi 1-2. Ana ndi chifanizo chofanana ndi abale awo. Amakonda kusewera komanso kudya bwino.

Muukapolo, kubereka nyama kumayamba pambuyo pobisalira. Kwa mitundu yambiri yam'nyumba, khola si cholepheretsa kubereka, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ziweto zizikhala ndi chakudya chabwino komanso chokwanira.

Zokha m'chipinda cham'makomo osakhoza kubereka muukapolo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa, nyumba yogona pansi imatha kubereka. Nthawi zambiri ana amabadwa kamodzi pachaka.

Pali mpaka ana 10 obadwa kumene mu zinyalala. Kudyetsa kumatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu. Nthawi zambiri nyamayi imakhala mu ukapolo awiriawiri. Chifukwa chake, makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana. Zosangalatsa achinyama khalani zaka 3 mpaka 6. Kunyumba, mutha kuwonjezera nthawi imeneyi chifukwa chokonza nyamayo moyenera.

Mawonekedwe a chirombo Sony

Sony - nyama zazing'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo lozama ndi masentimita 6,5, mchira - 4-16,5 masentimita, iwo amalemera magalamu 15-200. Ubweya wawo ndi wofewa, wotikumbutsa agologolo, mtundu wake, kutengera mtunduwo, umasiyana kuchokera phulusa laimvi kukhala lofiyira komanso lofiirira. Mtundu wina, chigoba chakuda chimakongoletsa chizungulire. Mchira wake ndiwofewa m'mitundu yonse, kupatula womwe uli ndi mbewa, komanso m'gulu, hazel, munda, nkhalango ndi dormouse yaku Africa, mchira umatha kuthyoka ngati nyama yolusa ikudwala.

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi zazikulu, zozungulira, zonyezimira, maso akuda ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira.

Zala 4 kumiyendo yakutsogolo ndi 5 kumiyendo yakumanzere yonyamula zala zazifupi zokhota. Pansi pamiyendo mulibe kanthu komanso zofewa ngati pilo.

Mitundu ya mitu ya kugona, yogawa

Ponseponse, mitundu 28 ya dormouse imadziwika mu 8 genera ndi 3 subfamilies.

Subfamily Graphiurinae

Gulu laling'ono la ku Africa sony lili ndi mitundu 14, pomwe Sonya Christie, Sonya Kellen, miyala, savannah, Angolan ndi sony zina.

Sonya Kellen (Graphiurus kelleni)

Subfamily Leithiinae

The dormouse subfamily imaphatikizapo dormouse m'nkhalango (mitundu itatu), dimba (mitundu iwiri) ndi mbewa yolumikizira (mitundu itatu).

Sonia Forest (Dryomys nitedula)

Dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), ngakhale ili ndi dzina, amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za Central Europe, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala m'ma tchire kapena pamwala.

Subfamily Myoxinae

Dormouse yeniyeni yokhala ndi dormouse imaphatikizapo theka, Japan ndi hazel dormouse.

Wopakidwa utoto wokongola wa hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) amakhala m'mitengo ndikukula kwachilengedwe, ali wolumikizana kwambiri ndi hazel.

Sony amapezeka ku Europe, Africa, Asia, Turkey ndi Japan. Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango ndi miyala, maponda, minda. Mitundu ingapo amakhalanso ku Russia (alumali, dimba, makina a nkhalango ndi mbewa ngati mbewa).

Habitat ndi zizolowezi za m'zipinda zogona

Sony imatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, kugwiritsa ntchito maso akulu, ma ndevu ataliatali komanso lingaliro labwino la kununkhira poyenda m'malo. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zodalirika kuposa mbewa. Nyama zimatha nthawi yayitali kukwera mitengo ndi tchire, ndipo mitundu yokhala ngati dimba ndi dormouse nthawi zambiri imatsikira pansi, koma kuthekera kwawo kukwera mtengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza, makamaka akafuna kuchoka kutali ndi adani. Mtundu umodzi wokha - the Trans-Caspian mouse dormouse - umangokhala padziko lapansi.

Pakati pa nthambi iwo akuyang'ana maluwa, mungu, zipatso, mtedza ndi tizilombo. Sonya amafunikira malo okhala ndi mitundu yabwino yazomera kuti zitsimikizike popezeka chakudya.

Madzulo, Sonya amagona pabowo lamtengo kapena chisa. Chisa cha nyamayi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowumbidwa pafupifupi 15 cm kudutsa, ndipo kuti chimangire, nyamayo imaphwanya kortex, ndikuyala ndi mpira ndipo imatha kuzungulira ndi masamba. Nyama imadyetsa zosaposa 70 metres kuchokera ku chisa chake.

Kuchulukana kwa ziweto nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopanda kuchuluka kwa makoko ena (pafupifupi anthu 0 mpaka 10 mpaka 10 pa hekita). Sonya amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi malo amodzi payekha, omwe mulifupi mwake akhoza kukhala 100 mpaka 200 metres.

Nyamazo zimamva bwino, ndipo zimalankhula. Alumali, hazel, munda ndi dormouse mu Africa amatulutsa, mluzu ndi ma grunts.

Mu chilengedwe chilengedwe dormouse amakhala zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Kugona nthawi yayitali

Ku Europe, matalala amakhazikika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Nyama zimagona m'maenje kapena zisa, zopangika, mwachitsanzo, mu stumps. Amayala zisa ndi udzu, ubweya, masamba, etc. Nyama isanadutse, nyamayo imakonza chakudya chochepa ngati ikudzutsa ndipo imafuna kudya, ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira imayesetsa kudya yokha ndi kudziunjikira mafuta ochulukirapo. Kukonzekera nthawi yachisanu kumatha, Sonya amapindika ndipo amagona.

Kutalika kwa hibernation kutengera nyengo ndipo kumatha kufika miyezi 9 (pafupifupi, hibernation kumatha miyezi 7). Pamagona, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsikira kutentha, ndipo kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma kumatsitsidwa ndi 90% kapena kupitilira - izi zimapulumutsa mphamvu ndikulola nyama kuti ikhale ndi moyo pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yamafuta amthupi. Kutentha mumsewu kumawonjezeka, matenthedwe a thupi m'chipinda chogona nawonso amayamba kukwera, ndipo kuti adzuke kwathunthu, zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20.

Chotuluka

Atatuluka hibernation, dormouse imayamba nyengo yakukhwima. Udindo wofunikira panthawiyi umachitika ndi mawu. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, amuna achizungu amalira akathamangitsa zazikazi, ndipo akazi aku dimba achikazi amakopa amuna ndi azungu.

Mimba imatenga masiku 21 mpaka 32. Alumali ndi dormouse dormouse amabweretsa ana 1 pachaka, ndi hazel ndi nkhalango - mpaka atatu.

Atatsala pang'ono kubereka, wamkazi amayamba kumanga chisa, nthawi zambiri chozungulira, pakabowoleza mtengo kapena mphanda m'nthambi. Zomwe zimapezeka pachisa ndi udzu, masamba ndi mbewa. Chipinda chosanja ndi alumali pochepetsera nthenga ndi tsitsi.

Mu ana, pali ana awiri kuyambira 9 mpaka 9, kukula kwa ana pafupifupi onse m'chipinda chogona ndi ana anayi. Ng'ombe zimabadwa zamaliseche komanso khungu. Mu sabata yoyamba ya moyo, amayamba kusiyanitsa zonunkhira, ngakhale, mwachiwonekere, kusinthana kwa malovu pakati pa mayi ndi ana ndiyo njira yayikulu yodziwirana. Pazaka pafupifupi 18, achinyamata amayamba kumva, ndipo nthawi yomweyo maso awo amakhala otseguka. Pambuyo pobadwa, amakutidwa ndi imvi, ndipo pakatha milungu inayi amakhala amtundu wofanana ndi akulu. Ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 6 milungu, unyamata umayamba moyo wodziimira pawokha.

Mpaka nthawi ya hibernation ifike, ogona amakula mwachangu, kenako chitukuko chimachepa. Amakhala okhazikika pazaka pafupifupi chimodzi.

Adani ndi zokuopseza

Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, Sony anali ochulukirapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati ziweto kumidzi. Tsoka ilo, lero ndi mitundu yosowa komanso yokhala pangozi, ndipo owerengeka anali ndi mwayi kuwawona kuthengo.

Pakadali pano, theka la mitundu ya Sonya adalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red: Mitundu 4 monga yomwe ili m'malo okhudzidwa, 4 yokhala osatetezeka ndipo asanu monga omwe ali pafupi kuti awopseze.

Zoyang'anira monga kadzidzi, kakhwangwala, nkhandwe, zoluka ndi zozungulira zimasokoneza nyama, koma kuchepa kwa nyumba yogona alendo pafupifupi kumakhala kofanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala nkhalango ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe oyang'anira nkhalango.

Kufalitsa

Ku Europe, malo okhala m'nkhalango ndi omwe amapezeka pamtunda wa oak. Ku Transcaucasia ndi Asia, dormouse yamtchire imalumikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo. Malire a kumadzulo kwa tsambalo ndi malo otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa Alps. Kummwera kwa Europe, dormouse dormouse mulinso lonse Balkan Peninsula ndi mainland Greece. Pa Peninsula ya Apennine, dormouse yamatchi imapezeka m'mapiri a Calabrian okha. Ku Eastern Europe, imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula kumpoto kwa Poland. Ku Ukraine, kulibe madera a Black Sea. Palinso ku Crimea. Anthu akumderali amadziwika ku Asia Minor, Iran, Turkmenistan, kumpoto kwa Pakistan, Afghanistan, komanso kumadzulo kwa China. Malire akum'mawa kwa tsambalo ndi malo otsetsereka a Mongolia Altai.

Ku Russia, dormouse m'nkhalango amagawidwa kumpoto kwa dera la Tver komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dera la Kirov m'chigawo cha Volga. Malire a nkhomo m'dera la Europe ku Russia amayenda mphepete mwa Don. Kumpoto kwa Caucasus, nyumba yogona alendo ili ponseponse, kuyambira pa chigwa cha Kuban mpaka kumwera, ndikutenga dera lonse la Caucasus.

Kufotokozera kwa Sony

Awa ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zazikazi yolimba, yokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, wokhala ndi maso akulu, pafupi ndi makutu - miyendo yakutsogolo imatha ndi zala zinayi zopangidwa bwino komanso kuyamwa kwa chala, chokhala ndi msomali yaying'ono. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yopindika kasanu, ndipo mchira, womwe ndi wolingana kutalika kwa thupi, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi komanso kuzungulira, mlomo wapamwamba umagawanika.

Sonya, mofanananso ndi moyo wawo ku agologolo, ali ndi miyendo yakufupi, ngakhale kuti ndi nyama zamakhalidwe, zopundira zawo ndizifupi. Sony imagawidwa ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia, kupatula maiko a Indo-Malaysia.

Maonekedwe a alumali

Woimira yekhayo ku genus ku Europe, regiment wamba (M. glis), ali ndi kutalika kwa thupi 16, ndipo kutalika kwa mchala ndi masentimita 13 ndi khutu, kutalika kwake komwe kumapitirira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mutu - pamwamba pamakhala utoto wonyezimira, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, ndipo Mzere wakuda wakuda ukugwera mpaka wokwera.

Pansi pali zoyera, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yoyera, miyendo yakumbuyo imayera, mbali yakumbuyo ya mchirayo ndi utoto wonyezimira, ndipo mbali yakumaso ndiyopepuka, mphete yakuda yofiirira kuzungulira maso.

Kufotokozera za moyo wa gulu

Alumali amatha tsiku lonse m'maloto, amasankha mabowo, ming'alu yamiyala ndi nyumba zosiyidwa ndi makoswe ena pamenepa. M'malo omwewo amanga chisa chake cha chilimwe, osachiyiyika poyera m'nthambi. Mukugwa, alumali amakhala olimba mtima kwambiri ndipo nthawi iyi ya chaka Aroma akale adatenga tebulo lawo.

Matenda ake amatenga miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, ndipo samadzuka m'mbuyomu kuposa theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Chifukwa chake, ana ake, kuyambira atatu mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi, amakula msanga, ngakhale amabadwa amaliseche ndi khungu. Kuphatikiza pa mtedza ndi zipatso, alumali amadya zipatso, mbalame zazing'ono ndi nyama zina. Adani ake ndi amphaka amtchire, martens, nyama zoyera-zoyera, zonyansa, ma eymines ndi ma weel.

Mtundu wa Sonya (Eliomys) umasiyana ndi gulu chifukwa mchira wake umakhala wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso loyandikana, chakumapeto komanso kwaulesi, makutu amatalika kuposa gulu, koma mtundu wa mbali zam'munsi ndi zotsika za thupi mulinso chimodzimodzi.

Habitat

Gulu lomwe limapezeka ku Central and Southern Europe, komwe kulibe ku Denmark ndi Sweden, kuchokera ku Spain, Italy ndi Greece, kumagawidwa kumpoto kwa Southern ndi Central Germany ndi Austria, komanso kummawa mpaka Kumwera kwa Russia ndi Syria.

Kufotokozera za moyo wa gulu

Mawonekedwe

Mitundu yapakati pa Europe ya mtunduwu, Garden Dormouse (E. nitela), yomwe makutu ake ndi kutalika kwa mutu, ili ndi thupi la 14 ndi mchira wa masentimita 9.5 kutalika.

Pamwamba pa nyamayo pali utoto wofiirira, wopepuka m'mmbali, ndipo pansi pazoyera - kuchokera kumbali yakumbuyo wamaso atatambalala, kudutsa khutu, mzere wakuda, ukukulira m'mbali mwa khosi kulowa pamalo, malo omwewo pamapewa.

Kutsogolo ndi khutu lakumbali kuli pamalo oyera. Mbali yakumwamba ya mchirayo imakhala yofiyira kumaso, yakuda kumapeto, ndipo pansi yonse ndiyera, yoyera.

Habitat

Chipinda chodyeramo dimba chimakhala m'minda ya zipatso ndi zipatso, zopezeka m'malo otentha a Western ndi Central Europe, monga ku France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Forest Dormouse

Banja la ogona limakhala ndi mitundu 28 ndipo limafikira 9 genera. Ku Europe, malo ogawikirawa ndi amitundu ambiri. Ku Asia ndi Caucasus, nyumba ya mpanda imakhala munkhalango zamitundu mitundu. Gawo lakumadzulo la malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa Alps. Kudera lakumwera kwa Europe, nyama izi ndizofala ku Balkan Peninsula komanso pang'ono ku Greece. Ndipo pachilumba cha Apennine, nyama zimangokhala m'mapiri a Calabrian. Panthawiyo, Sonya amakhala kum'mawa kwa Europe pafupifupi kwathunthu, kupatula kumpoto kwa Poland, ndipo ku Ukraine sikupezeka ku Crimea ndi madera a Black Sea.

Adagawidwa ku Republic of Belarus. Kuchulukana kumapezeka ku Asia Minor, kumpoto kwa Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, kumadzulo kwa China, komanso kumpoto kwa Afghanistan. Malire akum'mawa kwa malo okhala mitunduyi ndi malo otsetsereka a kumadzulo kwa Mongolian Altai.

Gawo la Russian Federation, dormouse m'nkhalango imapezeka m'malo a Pskov, Novgorod, Tver, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera la Kirov komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dera la Volga.

Ku mbali ya ku Europe ya Russia, malire ake amayenda kumphepete mwa dzanja lamtsinje la Don. Zodzikongoletsera zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Caucasus kuchokera kudera lamtsinje wa Kuban ndi kumwera, ndikugwira dera lonse la Caucasus. Imapezeka m'nkhalango za Central Asia, Southern Altai, ndi East Kazakhstan. M'mapiri, dormouse amatha kukwera mpaka 3000 m, mpaka ngakhale lamba lamiyala.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Animal Dormouse

Kunja, nyama zazing'ono zazing'onozi zimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi agologolo, kapena vole mbewa. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumafika 13 cm, pomwe mchirawo - pafupifupi 17 cm, ndipo unyinjiwo umakhala 40 g. Kuphatikizira kwa dormouse ndiwotsika, ma vibrissae ali pamenepo - masharubu omvera. Ndi thandizo lawo, nyama zimakhudza chilengedwe. Vibrissas ndi mafoni, chifukwa gulu lirilonse la gulu loyang'anira minofu limayang'anira. Nthawi zambiri amafika 20% ya kutalika konsekonse kwa thupi logona.

Maso ndi okulirapo, amdima, akuwala. Makutu a sing'anga kukula, wozungulira. Miyendo yakumbuyo kwake ndi yayikulu poyerekeza ndi kutsogolo. Zala zisanu zili pa iwo, pomwe zili kutsogolo - zala 4. miyendo ndi yocheperako komanso yaifupi. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa amuna.

Mchira wofewa wokhazikika umangokhala ngati chokongoletsera cha nyamayo, komanso umathandizanso kuyendetsa bwino poyenda limodzi ndi mitengo. Khungu la mchira limakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yamagazi, yomwe imathandizira kudziwa momwe Sonya amathandizira. Nyama ikakhala bata, tsitsi limakhala pampanipani. Koma ngati tulo takwiya kapena tili ndi mantha, shaft yomerayo imakhala yapinki yakuda, ndipo ubweya wake umakhala wofiyira, ngati mphaka, kuti uwoneke wamkulu kwa mdani wake.

Zala zosunthika zimathandizira dormouse kukwera mitengo molimba mtima, kumamatira ku nthambi zoonda. Pali chimanga 6 chachikulu komanso chopukusira pamiyendo. Nyamayo imakhala ndi imvi pamtunda, chingwe chakuda chochokera pamphuno mpaka khutu. Gawo lakumunsi ndi loyera kapena lachikasu chopepuka. Sonya ali ndi mano 20 mkamwa mwake.

Kodi nyumba yopanda nkhalango imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Ndi nyumba yochepetsera nkhalango imawoneka bwanji

Chofunikira chachikulu cha nyama kuti chizikhalamo ndi nkhalango zotambalala zokulira ndi zitsamba ndi malo owonda. Nthawi zina m'chipinda cham'makomo mumakhala minda, nkhalango zosakanizika, nkhalango, malo owonekera, komanso tchire ndi mapiri.

Tizilombo timeneti timakhala m'mabowo, osapewa zisa za mbalame, ndipo titha kumanganso tokha. Monga zida, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito khungwa la oak, moss, masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono. Tenthetsani zisa zawo ndi ubweya ndi pansi. Zimatenga masiku 2-3 kuti ogona apange “nyumba”. Nthawi zina amatha kuthamangitsa okhalamo m'nyumba yosungamo mbalame ndikukhazikika momwemo. Nthawi zambiri zinyama zimakhazikika patchire, chifukwa minga zam'mera zimapangitsa kuti malo awo ogona azitha kufikira ambiri.

Achinyamata, akukonzekera kukhala makolo, amasangalatsa zisa zawo, kuzikongoletsa ndi ubweya, osachepera theka. Osakwatira, m'malo mwake, amamanga nyumba zawo mosasamala, nthawi zina popanda kutentha. M'malo oteramo, makoswe nthawi zambiri samatha kuposa masiku 3-4 kupumula mkati mwa masana. Kenako amafunafuna nyumba yatsopano.

Monga lamulo, palibe khomo lolowera m'malo okhalamo. Podikira kungoopsa, mchipinda chamtchire chimatha kudumphira kunja kwa pobisalira pang'onopang'ono. Patsamba lokhalamo nyama imodzi, pakhoza kukhala nyumba 8 zotere. Izi zimachitika osati mcholinga chofuna kukhala otetezeka, komanso kuthekera kochoka chisa nthawi iliyonse ngati zili zovunda kapena kumakhalamo ndi majeremusi. M'nyengo yozizira, ma drowsies amadzimbira okha maenje akuya pafupifupi 30 cm, pansi pa mizu kapena milu yamatabwa, kuti asazizire pansi, ndikubisalira miyezi isanu.

Kodi nyumba yodyeramo nkhalango imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Rodent Forest Dormouse

Popeza Sonya ndi nyama usiku, masana amagona m'nyumba yake, ndipo madzulo amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Zakudya zawo ndizosiyanasiyana. Sonya samakonda kudya.

Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo:

njere ndi zipatso za mitengo, mitengo, zitsamba (mtedza wa hazel, linden lins, rose rose, sitiroberi zamtchire, mabulosi akutchire, raspberries, acorns, zipatso za hawthorn),
ogona kum'mwera amatha kudya zipatso za ma apulo, maapulo, maula, mphesa, maungu, vwende ndi mavwende,
kumayambiriro kasupe dormouse kudya masamba, makungwa a msondodzi, mbalame chitumbuwa, aspen,
Osanyalanyaza komanso mbewu za zipatso zokhala ndi hydrocyanic acid.

Ngakhale nyamazo zimakonda chakudya chobzala, ngati zikufuna kupita kukakumana ndi chisa cha mbalame ndi anapiye kapena mazira atsopano, mchipinda chodyeramo chimawadyera. Amadyanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mphutsi ndi mphutsi, komanso nkhono ndi mbewa.

Chifukwa cha kumva mwamphamvu, sony amakoka phokoso lanyimbo zamtchire. Adawundikira kwakanthawi, kuti adziwe komwe kunachokera phokoso, nyamayo imapeza mosavuta ndikugwira nyama. Buluzi zazing'ono kapena makoswe ena akhoza kukhala chakudya chabwino cha nyama izi.

Kutengera ndi komwe nyama zimakhazikika, zonse zomera komanso nyama zimatha kukhala chakudya chawo. Kwa nthawi yozizira, dormouse Sonya, monga lamulo, sakhala m'mwamba, koma nthawi zina amatha kupanga masheya m'mabowo.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Forest Dormouse

Ngakhale nkhalango ndi zitsamba zimawonedwa kuti ndi malo okonda kwambiri a Sonya, mutha kuonananso nawo m'malo osungirako nyama kapena m'munda. Nyama zina zimasankha moyo wamtchire, pomwe ina yokha. Oyamba amakhala moyo wawo wonse pamitengo. Nthawi zambiri, nyumba yakugona imagwira ntchito usiku wokha, koma nthawi yakubala, nyamayo imapezekanso masana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, mabanja amakhala nthawi yobala yokha.

Ndi isanayambike kuzizira kwambiri, Sonya hibernate. Pakadali pano, amadzaza mafuta ochulukirapo, motero amatha kulemera nthawi yozizira nthawi ziwiri. Kutentha kwamthupi m'malo ogona kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ngati nthawi yachilimwe itakhala yogwira imafika 38 C, ndiye kuti nthawi ya hibernation imakhala 4-5 C, kapena kuchepera.

Ngati panthawi yakudzuka kwawo kuzizira kukugwirabe, ndiye kuti nyamayo imatha kubwerera kudzenje ndikugona. Mukangokhala hibernation, nthawi yovuta kubereka imayamba ndipo Sonya amafufuza anzawo. Sony ndi yoyera kwambiri. Amatha kukhala maola ambiri kuphatikiza tsitsi lawo, kusanja mosamalitsa mosalekeza. Kuthengo, zimatha kukhala ndi zaka 6. Mutha kuwaweta pokhapokha ngati muwagwira ndi ana. Ma Sony sakonda kunyamulidwa ndi manja awo opanda kanthu.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Animal Dormouse

Sony yosiyanasiyana imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Chapakatikati amayamba masewera ophatikiza. Amuna amadzuka ku hibernation pamaso pa akazi ndikuyamba kulemba mitengo. Amadya kwambiri kuti abwezeretse atagona nthawi yayitali. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mbewa ndi zazikazi zimayamba kutuluka. Usiku amaliza mluzu, "ndikuyimba" ndikumasiya zikwangwani zawo.

Nthawi yakubzala, amakhala awiriawiri mchisa chimodzi. Koma atangobadwa, mkaziyo amathamangitsa mwamunayo. Mimba yake imatenga masiku 28. Pambuyo pawo, mpaka ana a 8 amabadwa. Kwenikweni, mbewu ndi nthawi 1 pachaka. Madzulo atabadwa, mkaziyo amakhala wachuma kwambiri ndipo amakhala akukonzanso malo okhala. Ndi chakudya chochuluka, mchipinda chogona chimakhazikika mu chisa chimodzi ngakhale mabanja.

Kanyumba kakang'ono kamabadwa osavala ndipo ali akhungu ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 2 g tsiku loyamba .. Mayi wosamala amakhala ndi zinyalala, amadyetsa ndikusambitsa ana, amatuluka kwakanthawi kochepa kukadyetsa ndikutseka chimbudzi. Mwana wina akasowa, mayiyo amawapeza ndi kufinya ndikubweza.

Pazaka ziwiri zokha, anawo amatsegula maso athu kwathunthu ndipo posachedwa adzatha kukwera panthambi za mitengo ndikudzipezera okha chakudya. Ali ndi zaka 45, amadzilamulira okha ndikusiya chisa.

Adani achilengedwe a m'nkhalango

Chithunzi: Ndi nyumba yochepetsera nkhalango imawoneka bwanji

Mdani wamkulu wa makoswewa ndi kadzidzi wa imvi - kadzidzi wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafikira 38cm komanso kulemera mpaka g 600. Mapiko ake amafikira 1 m, ndipo mtundu wake umatha kukhala wamtundu wamtambo kapena wofiirira.

Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndimalo amdima komanso owala. Maso akuda. Mtundu wa kadzidzi umakhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nkhalango zowuma komanso zachilengedwe, mapaki ndi minda. Imakhala nthawi zambiri m'maenje, momwe imakhala zaka zambiri, ndikupumula nthawi yozizira. Nditha kukhazikika mu zisa zomwe zimadyera, masoka achilengedwe. Monga nyumba yopanda nkhalango, kadzidzi owuluka imakhala m'malo amodzi ndipo amakhala maso dzuwa litalowa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Rodent Forest Dormouse

M'malo omwe amagawikidwapo, malo okhala m'nkhalango za USSR kale amagawidwa mosagawanika. Ku Europe, pagawo la nkhalango zosakanikirana zosakanizika (Bialowieza, Russian ndi Belarusian, nkhalango-steppe Ukraine), kuchuluka kwake ndikwachizolowezi, koma kwakukulu ndizochepa.

Kumpoto chakum'mawa (Pskov, Tver, Volga, Baltic States) mtundu wamtulowu ukuyamba kuchepera. M'malo awa, malo okhala m'nkhalango amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro monga mtundu wovutikira komanso wosowa kwenikweni. Kwa zaka 20 zapitazi popenyerera nyamakazi ya VSU, zinavumbulutsidwa kuti mchipinda chimodzi chogulitsira nyumba komanso nyumba zingapo za hazel zomwe zidagwidwa usiku wamisala 9,800. Nthawi yomweyo, poyesa nyumba yam'madzi, anthu akulu 8 ndi ana awiri a ziweto 6 adapezeka.

Kuchuluka kwa nyama izi mdera lamapiri - Carpathians, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Codri, Kopet-Dag, ndi Central Asia - sikudandaula. Zinyama zamtchire sizimagwirizana ndi anthu. Amakhala mofunitsitsa m'minda ya zipatso, minda yamphesa, minda yamitengo. Ku Moldova, kuli malo ambiri ogona chifukwa cha malamba amitengo yamitengo yamapiri, malo oyala a mthethe, ndi caragana. Kuchokera komwe zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti dormouse yokhala m'nkhalango imafunikira chitetezo chapadera ndi chitetezo m'maiko a CIS kumpoto chakum'mawa komwe amakhala.

Kutchingira nkhalango

Chithunzi: Animal Dormouse

Mitundu ya dormouse yatchulidwa m'buku la Red Book la madera angapo a Russia - madera a Kursk, Oryol, Tambov ndi Lipetsk. Chipinda chamtunduwu chimatetezedwa ndi Msonkhano wa Vienna pamayiko onse. Komanso, dormouse yamatchi imaphatikizidwa ndi mndandanda wofiira wa IUCN, monga mtundu womwe umafunikira kuwunikira ndi kuwunikira nthawi zonse.

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zakutha kwa nyama izi ndi:

ntchito zam nkhalango zomwe zimawononga pachaka malo ambiri achitetezo,
kudula mwaukhondo ndi kudula kwa nkhalango zokulirapo kwambiri.
kuchepa kwakukulu m'dera lazoyimira zachilengedwe,
Kukula kopanda chonde,
kusakolola bwino
kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitengo yakale yopanda tanthauzo.

Oksky Reserve ku Ryazan Region, Belarus Berezinsky, Voronezh ndi Khopersky malo otetezedwa amateteza malo okhala m'nkhalango ndikuzindikiritsa zatsopano kuti azisungidwe, kuletsa mitundu yonse ya zochitika zamtchire. VGPBZ ndi KhGPZ amateteza nyamazo ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti zitetezere nkhalango zachilengedwe.

Okonda nyama yamtunduwu salimbikitsidwa kuti agwire nyumba yopanda nkhalango ndikubwera nayo kunyumba. Ndikwabwino kupita ndi mwana wanu m'misika yodziwika bwino. Kugula koyamba kwa nyamayo kuyenera kukhala khola lalikulu. Musalole kuti azingoyendayenda mnyumba mozungulira, apo ayi dormouse ayenera kuthawa kupyola pagawo loyamba.

Kodi mchipinda chamaluwa chimakhala kuti?

Chipinda cham'munda chambiri chimakhala m'madambo, makamaka paphiri, kapena m'malo ochepa mapiri. Titha kukhazikika m'minda yomwe yatsala.

Pomwe malo okhalamo dimba:

Madera akumpoto kwa Africa,
dera la kum'mawa kwa Europe,
Altai
pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Belarus,
pang'ono gawo la Russia - Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov madera, gawo la m'munsi a Urals, Lower Prikamye,
madera ena a Asia Minor
China
Japan

Dimba lodyeramo maluwa limakonda gawo la nkhalango, komwe mitengo yotambalala imakhala. Zochepa pakati pa nkhalango ndi conifers. Nthawi zambiri, madera osiyidwa kapena malo olimapo amasankhidwa ngati malo okhala. Kondani malo omwe ali ndi zitsamba zazitali, zazitali. Nthawi zambiri, minda yazipatso, malo okhala m'matauni amasankhidwa ngati malo.

Samawopa anthu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala. Palinso milandu ya kugona kwantchito. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi achinyamata okha omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndodo zazing'ono izi sizimakonda kwenikweni munthu wina akazikhudza.

Kodi mchipinda cham'munda chodyeramo amadya chiyani?

Munda wapa dimba amaonedwa ngati wopatsa chidwi. Chimadyanso pa zakudya zam'madzi komanso zanyama. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zanyama amati gawo lalikulu la chakudya ndilofanana ndi chakudya chamtunduwu.

Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za nyama:

mazira mbalame
anapiye omwe agwera pachisa,
Mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana,
dzombe,
mbozi
zipatso,
zipatso
njenjete
kafadala, akangaude, mphutsi, mphutsi,
Nkhono
masamba,
chipatso,
mbewu
mizu
mphukira zazing'ono zamitundu mitundu.

Pokhudzana ndi hibernation, anthu ambiri amadya kwambiri chilimwe chonse, ndipo kwa ena amakhalanso ndi zambiri. Minda yam'minda yotsekemera m'munda, monga dormouse wa hazel, imawonongeka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kapangidwe ka nthambi za m'mundawo kumalimbikitsa chakudya padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, amaonedwa kuti ndi alenje aluso. Amatha kugwira mbalame yaying'ono, kapena gulugufe. Wokhoza kukwera mitengo posaka zisa za mbalame.

Amamwa mazira a mbalame popanga mabowo mumazira ndi mano ake. Momwemonso, nkhono zimadyedwa ndikuluma kudzera zigamba. Munthawi ya njala ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, milandu ya kusaka ngakhale mbewa za imvi imadziwika. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti ngakhale ndi chakudya chambiri, mbewu ndi zipatso, amafunikira kudya zakudya zachikhalidwe. Ngati makoswe samadya nyama kwa masiku 5-7, amayamba kugwera.

Adani achilengedwe a dormouse

Adani achilengedwe a sony m'munda ndi:

Omwe akupikisana nawo pankhani ya chakudya ndi makoswe amadzimadzi, omwe amawononga mitu yogona anthu ambiri. Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa makoswe ndi anthu ndi zochita zawo. Munthu amaziwononga zochuluka mosamala komanso mosazindikira. Anthu amawononga nyama chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kumene amachita m'minda ndi minda. Zokongoletsera zimadya mbewu, zipatso ndi zipatso za mitengo. Agalu ndi amphaka amalanda agalu ogona, amene amasangalala nawo kwambiri.

Milandu yowonongeka ya nyama ndi cholinga chotulutsira zikopa imadziwika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati ubweya wachiwiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala, feteleza omwe si achilengedwe amathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa sony m'munda. Oimira banja logona ali ndi adani ambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe. Oopsa kwambiri ndi anthu, owotho ndi kadzidzi, komanso makoswe amtundu. Ngakhale kuthamanga ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri, nyumba yogona nyumba siitha kupulumutsidwa nthawi zonse ku nyama ndi mbalame. Kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amapanga kukhala chinthu cha ziweto.

Kutchingira Dimba Lamasamba

Kutetezedwa kwa mitunduyi kumatanthauza kutetezedwa kwa dormouse mundawo ku zochita za anthu. Nyamayi idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Pankhaniyi, chiwonongeko cha nyama pa chifukwa chilichonse chimaletsedwa mwamphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, palibe njira zapadera zosungira ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zimapangidwa ndikuchitidwa.

Munda wapanja kunja kwambiri ofanana ndi mbewa imvi, zomwe zidasintha mtundu wa chovalacho. Nthawi zambiri chimayerekezeredwa ndi gologolo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuthamangathamanga kudumphira nthambi ndi kukwera mitengo.

Zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera pamoyo wa Sony

Ngakhale kuti penti imayendetsa usiku wokangalika, masana sawona zoyipa. Nyamayi ili ndi mafupa apaderayomwe imatha kukanikizidwa molunjika. Izi zimathandiza kuti makoswewo athe kulowa mu ming'alu yopapatiza yomwe ili pamtengo. Chifukwa chake apeza malo otetezeka kupumula ndikupanga chisa chamtsogolo. Chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wofunikawu, nyamayo imakhalabe ndi moyo ndi kubereka.

Atatuluka m'malo ake obisala kukafunafuna chakudya, ngakhale kuti anali ndi maso okoma, Sonya amadalira kumva kwake kwapadera. M'malo mwa opeza ochepa, makutu ozungulira omwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake pamutu pake. Kusuntha kwa makutu sikogwirizana, palokha. Makoko a munda ali ndi makutu akuluakulu, hazel ali ndi kukula kocheperako, koma nkhalangoyi imakhala malo lachitatu. Zithunzi za nyama zodabwitsazi komanso zopanda pake zimatha kupezeka pa intaneti.

Pamadya zakudya zolimba Sonya tingayerekezeredwe ndi gologolo. Amagwira nyama yake ndi kutsogolo kwake ndikuyiyendetsa mwachangu. Chifukwa cha zinthu ngati izi komanso zida zake zakuthwa, amatha kutsegula mosavuta chipolopolo cha mtedza ndi njere zosiyanasiyana.

Nyama izi sizingatchedwe kuti zochulukirapo. Choyamba, zimacha mochedwa mokwanira, ndipo chachiwiri - sizikhala ndi ana opitilira 5. Chifukwa chachitatu chimatchedwa kuchuluka kwa mating pachaka - alipo awiri okha. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti amakonda kugona ndi kutalika kwa nthawi.

Ngati tizingolankhula pazifukwa zonsezi nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti mitundu sony ikadakhala kuti idakhalapobe. Koma zenizeni, zonse ndizosiyana. Mwachibadwa chamayi, chomwe chimapangidwa mwamphamvu mwa akazi, chimapangitsa kusamalira mwana aliyense mwachikondi ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera thanzi labwino komanso moyo wautali. Likukhalanso anthu okhazikika omwe chitetezo chawo sichowopsa.

Kodi kujambula nyumba yapanja? Izi zikuthandizira chithunzi kuchokera pa intaneti.

Hazel dormouse

Mtundu wamtunduwu umapatsidwa kukula kocheperako. Kutalika, safika kuposa masentimita 10. Amapezeka mu chilengedwe tchire:

Zokongoletsera zimamanga zisa zawo zolimba kwa ana awo kuchokera masamba ndi udzu, ndipo zimakhala pamitengo yamitengo.

Mtundu wamtunduwu umapezekanso pamitengo, ngati mwadzidzidzi pali bowo lopanda kanthu, lopanda kanthu. Sonya amathanso kukhala mokhalamo mbalame, bola atakhala mfulu.

Mitengo ndi zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyamayi kokha munthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira amasankha malo odalirika komanso otentha. Ichi, mwachizolowezi, ndi mbewa yaying'ono, yabwino, yomwe imapezeka kumizu yamitengo.

Kunyumba mtundu uwu uyenera kusungidwa m'maselo apamwamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti Sonya amakonda kukwera mitengo, ndipo atakhala mu chidebe chochepa sadzakhala ndi mwayi wotere. Mu khola lalitali, mutha kum'pangira osati imodzi, koma nyumba zingapo zamakatoni, ndichifukwa chake kutonthoza kwake m'moyo kumakulira kwambiri.

Kusakaniza kwa tirigu ndi koyenera ngati chakudya, ndipo mtedza ndi maswiti zingakhale zabwino.

Zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimakhalira zovuta kusamalira kunyumba:

Nyamayi ndi yaying'ono komanso yothamanga kwambiri. Ngati mwangozi atathawa m'khola, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuti amugwire. Uku ndikuyamba kuvutika mipando ndi zinthu zonse.
Nyama yamtunduwu imakhala ndi fungo linalake, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa khola nthawi zambiri. Fungo lomwe lili m'chipindacho limakhalabe, chifukwa ngati m'nyumba mwake muli chifuwa, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kukana chiweto.
amafunika kudya kwapadera - amafunika tizilombo.

Munda wapanja

Iye ndi wokongola kwambiri. Chovala cha ubweya ndi chofiirira chakuda, chowoneka bwino padzuwa, kumaso ndi "chigoba" chosangalatsa chomwe chimapereka chithunzi chodabwitsa komanso chanzeru. Mimba ya pafupifupi aliyense ndiyoyera ngati matalala, kumapeto kwa mchira - bulashi, pamazira am'maso - makutu akulu ndi makutu. Sikuti aliyense angathe kujambula nyama yokongola chonchi.

Nyamayi imayenda kwambiri, imayenda mofulumira kudzera pamitengo, zitsamba ndi nthaka. Chakudya chake chachikulu ndi tizilombo. Itha kugwiritsanso ntchito chakudya chomera, koma imakonda zokonda nyama.

Ngati nyama yotere imakhazikika kunyumba, ndiye kuti mukufunikira khola lapadera, komanso malo abwino opatsirana. Kuyambira forage ndikofunikira - tizilombo ta mphutsi ndi mphutsi za ufa. Dzira lophika ndiloyenera monga chakudya chowonjezera.

Munda Wamaluwa Buku Lofiyira ndi buku lapadera.

Malo ogona m'nkhalango

Uyu ndi mlongo wake wa nyama yammunda, ndiye malo ayenera kukhala osakhala. Kunyumba, akatswiri salimbikitsa kukhala nayo. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

zakudya zovuta
aliyense amakonda china chake chosiyana, pali ma gourmet pakati pawo,
ndizovuta kugula kapena kubereka chakudya chapadera cha makoswe otere.

Kudyetsa

Kuchipinda cha m'nkhalango kumakhala kopatsa chidwi. Izi zili choncho pomwe mawu oti "maonekedwe amanyenga" akhale oyenera: nyama yokongola yovuta kudya yomwe imadya yomwe nyama zake zokha sizimadya.

Mwachilengedwe, kakang'ono kameneka kamasaka tizilombo (achikulire ndi mphutsi), timawononga mbalame, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka sikukana mwana wankhuku kapena mbewa.

Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa nyama pazakudya ndizofunikira. Izi zitha kukhala dzira losaphika, nyama, tambala yayikulu, mphutsi za ufa, tizirombo touluka.

Malo ogona m'nkhalango, omwe amangolandira chakudya chokha, amasiya ntchito patatha sabata, ndipo zazikazi zimatha kudya ana awo.

Zakudya zamasamba ndizoyenera aliyense - zonse zimatengera zomwe nyama zimakonda.

Mwachitsanzo, kasupe, nyama zikatuluka, amazipeza kuti? Pokhapokha ngati impso ndi makungwa alinso ogona akukhala mnyumbamo ndipo ali ndi chakudya chilichonse chomwe angasankhe, nthawi yachilimwe iwo amakonda impso ndi makungwa.

Pazinthu zomwe sizipezeka mwachilengedwe, nyumba yogona nyumba mosangalala imadya uchi, shuga, kupanikizana, makeke, mkate woyera wophika mkaka, msuzi wokoma wachilengedwe.

Koma ziribe kanthu kuti nyama zimakonda bwanji zinthu zotere, payenera kukhala zochuluka kwambiri pakudya kwawo.

Mosasamala kanthu za kupezeka kwa zokometsera, madzi abwino ayenera kukhalabe m'khola. Zimakhala zodetsa msanga, choncho muyenera kusintha madzi tsiku lililonse.

QuIET HOUR

Zipinda za nthawi yozizira za Rodent zimapezeka pansi pa nthaka, pamulu wa burashi kapena pansi pa mizu. Kuzama kwa dzenje lotere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30: pafupi ndi pansi, nthaka imatha kugwedezeka ndipo nyama imafa.

Nyumba yogona nkhalango imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Amadzuka kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi, pomwe matalala onse adzachoke ndipo matenthedwe abwino adzakhazikitsidwa usiku. Ngati nyengo ikadali yozizira pa nthawi yakudzuka, dormouse ikhoza kubwerera kudzenje ndikugona pang'ono. Atangochoka kumawoko, zinyama zimapita kukafunafuna zibwenzi: nthawi yakubzala iyamba.

Kufotokozera za banja la Sony

Mitundu yonse ya banja la Sonya, ndipo ilipo yoposa 28 ya iwo, ali ofanana ndi agologolo ndi mbewa. Osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, onse amakhala ndi chithokomiro chokhala ndi buluzi wautali, makutu ang'ono ndi maso akulu. Mchira wautali ndiye chokongoletsera cha mchipinda cham'makomo, chomwe chimawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati agologolo. Chochititsa chidwi ndi makanda awa ndikuti ngati pachitika ngozi, mchipinda cham'makomo chitha kutaya chinsalu chake ndikuthawa mdani. Mwakutero, dera lowonongeka lidzachira msanga.

Monga ndi makoswe onse, kapangidwe ka mano a Sonya akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamasamba, mtedza ndi zipatso zazakudya. Mapuloteni azinyama monga mawonekedwe a tizilombo ndi mphutsi ndizothandiza kwambiri mchipinda. Kukula kwa nyama zimatengera mitundu, komanso mtundu. Sonya kwa onse amakhala makamaka wosangalatsa komanso nthawi yayitali yozizira yoimitsidwa. Amagona mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, ndipo adatchulira dzina.

Chiyambi cha Sonya ndi komwe amakhala

Sonya ndi cholengedwa chokongola, chaching'ono chomwe chikuyimira ufumu waukulu wa nyama. Pophunzira nyama zodetsedwa izi, asayansi adaziika m'gulu la nyama zoyamwitsa, makoswe, ndi banja la carotid.
Kuchulukitsa kwachilengedwe nkwakukulu kwambiri ndipo kutengera mtundu wapadera wa dormouse, koma ngati muli ndi chidwi chakuchezera izi, ndiye kuti simuyenera kupita kutali, nyama izi zimapezeka pafupifupi ku Europe ndi Asia.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Malo okhala nkhalango zambiri za m'nkhalangozi ndi nkhalango zobiriwira zomwe zili ndi masamba obiriwira, nthawi zina amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, minda, komanso tchire losakanikirana. Nyumba yogona nkhalango imatha kukhazikika m'maenje, zisa zakale za mbalame, ndipo imathanso kumanga zisa zake. Chakudya chamafuta chimakhala chosiyanasiyana ndipo chimaphatikiza masamba ndi nyama. Mwa zakudya zamtchire, dormouse m'nkhalangoyi amakonda mbewu ndi zipatso za mitengo yamtchire ndi shrubby (ma acorns, linden ndi beech mtedza, mbewu za apulo, zamkati wazipatso zam zipatso. Mwa zakudya zazinyama, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana timakonda, koma mazira ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono amatha. Kutengera nyengo ndi malo okhala, zonse zomera ndi nyama zimatha kukhala patsogolo pakudya kwamtchire.

Selo

Zosankha zabwino kwambiri pakusamalira nyumbayi ndizochepera, hazel, munda, nkhalango ndi mitundu:

Zalala ndi hazel chifukwa chocheperako, amatha kukhala m'khola.
Kwa gulu, zonse khola ndi chiwongolero ndizoyenera.
Munda ndi nkhalango ziyenera kusungidwa zokha mu ndege.

Khola liyenera kusankhidwa ndi chitsulo ndi ndodo pafupipafupi, kuti chiweto sichithawa. Zitsulo ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito, mosiyana ndi nkhuni ndi pulasitiki, zomwe pakapita nthawi ndizodzaza ndi fungo losasangalatsa, ndipo makulidwewo azithana nawo kawiri ndikuthawira ku ufulu. Matayala obwezeretsedwa amathandiza kuyeretsa komanso kufalitsa nkhani mosavuta. Sawdust, tchipisi chabwino yamatanda ndi mchenga wouma ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zofikira zofunda.

Poganizira kuti nyamazo ndizothandiza kwambiri, ndibwino kuti musankhe khungu lomwe ndi lalikulu. Iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mbale yolemera ya nyama kuti nyama isatembenuzire, komanso ngati amamwa yokha. Makwerero osiyanasiyana, mapaipi, chingwe ndi gudumu zidzakwanira ngati zosangalatsa. Mutha kulumikizanso nyumba ina ku khola, komwe Sonya adzapangira chisa.

KUMASULIRA! Nsipu, udzu, pepala loyera logawidwa mizere ndiloyenera kudzaza.

Habitat iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse:

mbale ndi zakumwa - tsiku lililonse,
sinthani zinyalala - kawiri pa sabata,
kusamba - 1 nthawi mu miyezi 2-3.

Mutha kupha tizilombo ta khungu ndi madzi otentha.

Sonia iyenera kukhala m'malo osavomerezeka ndi kutentha. Ndi bwinonso kuteteza makentekete kuti asayang'anitsidwe ndi dzuwa ndikuboweka zingwe kutali ndi batri.

Matenda

Kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro ndicho chinsinsi cha moyo wautali komanso wathanzi la nyama. Eni ake a ziweto izi amadziwa kuti thanzi la makoswe ndi labwino. Chifukwa chake, mukaona kusintha kwamakhalidwe, kukana kudya, ulesi, uwu ndi nthawi yolumikizana ndi veterinarian.

Matenda amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Matenda osagwirizana. Nyama zimakonda kukhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kutsegula m'mimba, komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
Matenda opatsirana. Kukhalapo kwawo kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi veterinarian. Amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso majeremusi. Zosankha zovuta kwambiri zimaphatikizapo zotupa za khungu, colibacteriosis, salmonellosis, brucellosis, listeriosis.

Kufotokozera zamitundu ya Sonya ndi mawonekedwe awo

Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi ena apeza, pali mitundu pafupifupi 25-30 ya oyimira mitundu kwambiri padziko lapansi pano, kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo, mwatsoka, sinakhalepo mpaka nthawi yathu ino. Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imakhala pafupi na ife ndipo yoyenera bwino ngati ziweto.

Sonya Polchok

Choyimira ichi cha padziko lapansi chimasiyana ndi abale ake onse malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake - iyi ndiye nyumba yayikulu kwambiri. Thupi la chinyama chachikulire limakula kutalika kuyambira 15 mpaka 20 cm, unyinji wa matupi awo limachokera ku magalamu 150 mpaka 200. Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 10-13 cm.Ngati simukuyang'anitsitsa za kachidole aka, ndiye kuti mutha kumukayikira chifukwa cha ubale wapamtima wa agologolo, ndipo ndiwofanana. Makutu ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono okha omwe alibe mabulashi oyambira.
Thupi la nyama imeneyi limakulungidwa mu ubweya wonenepa kwambiri, koma ubweya sufupika. Poyerekeza ndi nkhalangozi zake, mtundu wa nyamayi nthawi zonse umakhala wofanana ndipo chilengedwe sichimawakhudza. Nthawi zambiri chipinda chokongoletsera nyumba chimakongoletsedwa mu zofiirira zofiirira bwino pang'ono. Mimbulu yam'mimba imakhala yopepuka kuposa msana ndipo imapakidwa utoto wamiyala yoyera ndi yachikaso. Pamaso okongola a cholengedwachi, "zida zake zachilengedwe" nthawi yomweyo zimawoneka ngati mphete zakuda kuzungulira maso, zomwe zimakumbukiranso mawonekedwe a magalasi, koma mwa oimira ena amtunduwu samadziwika.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba izi makulidwe apakatikati akufotokozedwera ku UK, ngakhale kuti magawidwe achilengedwe ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amapita kutali kwambiri ndi Asia. Izi zosemphana ndi michira ya fluffy zimatha kuwoneka mukuyenda ku France, Italy, Spain komanso ngakhale kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Chifukwa chakuti mwachilengedwe nyama zokongola izi ndizodyera kwambiri, amasankha nkhalango kuti azikhalamo, pomwe mitengo yambiri yazipatso imakula, sangadye zipatso za zipatso komanso mtedza moyo wawo wonse, alibe nzeru kudya zipatso chipatso. Masheya amatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi minda yaulimi, monga minda yamphesa kapena zipatso. Nyama imadya kwambiri, kotero iye sangadzetse mbewu yayikulu, koma iye yekha adzakhala wokwanira ndi wokhutitsidwa. Amakonda kwambiri maapulo, mapeyala, dogwood, plums, yamatcheri ngakhale rasipiberi ndi mabulosi akuda. Asanayambe kudya, nyamayo imayenera kuonetsetsa kaye kuti chakudya chake chacha, sichidzadyanso ngati nkhomaliro yake sinakhwime mokwanira.

Nthawi yogwirira ntchito zamtunduwu imagwera usiku, kutacha, pansi, nyama zazing'onoting'ono zoterezi zimasiya nyumba zawo zabwino ndikuyang'ana zinthu zabwino zosiyanasiyana. Amakhala nthawi yayitali mumitengo, kuyenda pansi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Koma sikuti amagwira ntchito motalika, popeza kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala ayamba kugwera maloto am'nyengo yachisanu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti abambo akuluakulu amachoka ku tchuthi cha nthawi yozizira, kenako pakumakula.

Zambiri nthawi yozizira, regiments nthawi zambiri imakumba mabowo akuya kwambiri omwe amayambira kutalika kwa masentimita 180-200. Koma ngati safuna kuchita nawo ntchito zomanga, ndipo pali malo okhala anthu pafupi, ndiye kuti zanzeru izi zimatha nthawi yozizira mu hayloft komanso pansi pa zipinda za nyumba. Samapanga masheya nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa cha ichi, nthawi yachisanu, nyama zambiri zimafa, omwe analibe nthawi yokwanira kudyetsa chilimwe, chifukwa ngati amasokoneza tulo, amadzuka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo alibe chakudya m'nyengo yachisanu.

Wowoneka bwino, Dormouse waku South Africa

Mtunduwu umagawidwa kwambiri kupyola malire athu, amakhala m'malo amiyala kumadzulo kwa Africa.
Chipinda chogona ku Africa ndi nyama yaying'ono, thupi lake yaying'ono sapitirira 15 cm, ndipo limalemera pafupifupi 25-45 magalamu. Ubweya wa eccentric uyu wochokera ku Africa ndiwosangalatsa mawonekedwe, ofewa, wopaka utoto wamtundu wakuda. Malingaliro am'mimbamo am'madzi amakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yoyera, nthawi zina ndimakoma phulusa. Mwa anthu ena, potengera izi, zikuwoneka ngati zotheka kuwona mawonekedwe ena opangidwa ndi timayala tating'ono tofiirira. Zithunzi zomwezi zimatha kukhala pankhope ya nyama.

Mosiyana ndi abale awo apabanja, luso la ku Africa kuno sililekerera kusungulumwa, chifukwa cha kutchire nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu.

Kodi chikuwoneka bwanji?

Banja losanja kapena sony (Gliridae) ndi la dongosolo la makoswe. Izi makamaka ndi nyama zazing'ono, koma kutalika kwa thupi la mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imatha kufika masentimita 20. Mchira wawo, monga lamulo, ndi wamfupi pang'ono kuposa thupi. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, imasiyana mchira wamaliseche kapena wamphongo ndipo imawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi mbewa wamba. Mitundu yomwe imakonda moyo pamitengo imakhala ndi michira yobiriwira ndipo imafanana ndi agologolo mawonekedwe ake. Nthawi zina nyamazo zimatchedwa azungu-azungu, koma ndizosiyana kwathunthu ndi makoswe. Makoko ang'onoang'onowa ndiofala m'malo ambiri. Amatha kukumana ku Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia Asia, kumapiri a Altai, ku Japan. Palinso mawonekedwe aku South Africa.

Kodi mumadziwa?Dormouse yaku Japan ndiye yaying'ono kwambiri pabanja lanyumba (kukula kwa thupi mpaka 8 masentimita, kulemera pafupifupi 20 g) ndipo imatha kuyendetsa nthambi zodutsa. Amamadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu.

Alumali

Mtunduwu ndiwopambana kwambiri m'zipinda zonse zam'makomo. Zitha kukhala zolakwika kwa gologolo wamng'ono. Kutalika, thupi la chinyama limatha kufika 20 cm, mchira wake umakhala wofinya, wamfupi pang'ono kutalika kwa thupi. Ubweya pamwamba ungakhale waimvi kapena waimvi, kuchokera pansi mtundu umasintha kukhala imvi kapena yoyera. Mphete zakuda zimawonedwa mozungulira maso. Sonya Polchok amakonda nkhalango zachidwi komanso zosakanikirana. Amakonda mbali zotere za nkhalango komwe kuli mitengo yambiri yazipatso zamtchire ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi zipatso zokoma (hazelnut, hawthorn, honeysuckle, etc.). Nkhondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mayenje. Nthawi zina imatha kumanga chisa pakati pa miyala kapena pansi pa mitengo yakugwa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mnyumba zosungira mbalame, kuthamangitsa mbalame kwa iwo. Alumali amangodya zakudya zamasamba - zipatso, mbewu, zipatso. Hibernates kugwa, amadzuka mu Meyi yekha, ndipo ngakhale mu June.

Kodi mumadziwa?Aristotle adalongosola nyumba yapanja komanso yolimira dimba. Adatcha nyama izi "eleos", zomwe zitha kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek yakale kuti "zokongola" kapena "zokongola".

Zinthu zake

Musanagule Sony, muyenera kukonzekera. Ngakhale safuna khola lalikulu kwambiri, osagulanso lingaliro lokwanira. Monga makoswe onse, amamva bwino m'mikhalidwe yotere. Mu khola, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi bwalo loyendayenda ndi mitengo yambiri. Izi zimatenga chiweto chanu ndikupatsani mwayi kuti musunthire mwachangu.

Posunga banjali, ndikofunikira kupezera kukhalapo kwa nyumba ziwiri - nthawi zambiri wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amakonda kukhala payokha. Amakonda kwambiri kukweza komanso kupukuta nyumba yawo. Apatseni zomwe adzaphunzirepo - masamba ndi udzu. Ali mu ukapolo, ogona sagona nthawi yozizira, koma ntchito zawo zitha kuchepa.

DEEP DREAM

Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, Sony ayamba kukonzekera hibernation. Amakwera mumtundu wa antics kapena amapangira mabowo padziko lapansi mpaka 1.5m kutalika. Pafupifupi nyama khumi zimatha kukhala yozizira m'malo amodzi, nthawi zambiri zazikazi kapena zazing'ono kuchokera ku ana amodzi. Pofika nthawi yophukira, Sonya ndi wonenepa kwambiri ndipo amasungitsa nthawi yozizira mu zovala zapadera. Chovuta posankha "nyumba yozizira" chitha kukhala chamtengo mchipinda chogonamo - malo osazizira osazizira. Pa hibernation, monga lamulo, mpaka magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu okhala ndi zaka zochepa amafa, omwe sanathe kudziunjikira mafuta osungirako kapena kusankha malo olakwika.

Kagayidwe ka nyama kamachepa mpaka 2%, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika mpaka 3 ° C. Chiwerengero cha matenda amtima chimachepa. Kupuma kumachepera 25 mpaka 4-5 pamphindi, ndipo nthawi zina kumayima kwakanthawi. Poterepa, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizoyenda ndi mtima chifukwa chokhala ndi mtima wosowa wamtima zimapangitsa kuti mpweya usakanikirane. Izi ndizokwanira kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa mpweya kwa thupi. Kupuma kotereku kumatha kupitirira mpaka mphindi 11.

Mlengalenga ukafika mpaka + 6 ° C kumapeto, kutentha kwawoko kumabwezeretsedwa m'gumbi ndipo nyamayo imayamba kudzuka. Kuphatikiza apo, minofu yake ya adipose imayamba "kutentha" chifukwa cha ma redox omwe amapezeka mkati mwake nthawi imeneyi.

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