Mwina njuchi ndiye tizilombo tothandiza kwambiri padziko lapansi pano pafamuyo, chifukwa chifukwa chake, anthu akale anali ndi mwayi wokonda uchi. Ngakhale mu nthawi zakale, anthu adaphunzira kupangira njuchi zapadera, ndipo uchi wopezeka ndi chithandizo chawo, kwa zaka zambiri, udakhala mankhwala abwino kwambiri monga mankhwala ndi mankhwala, komanso chofunikira popanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa, monga Mead, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri za makolo athu akale panthawi ya Kievan Rus. Chifukwa chake njuchi yochokera kale ndi mnzake wa munthu ndipo ndi nkhani yathu lero

Njuchi: kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi njuchi imawoneka bwanji?

Malinga ndi gulu la zoological, njuchiyi ndi ya banja la stinger, dongosolo la Hymenoptera ndi abale ake apafupi ndi mavu ndi nyerere.

Mtundu wa njuchi umadziwika bwino, umakhala ndi maziko akuda okhala ndi mawanga achikaso. Koma kukula kwa njuchi, kutengera mtundu wake ndi kalasi yake, imatha kukhala ndi 3 mpaka 45 mm.

Popanga thupi la tizilombo, magawo atatu amatha kusiyanasiyana:

• Mutu wa njuchi, womwe umakhazikitsidwa ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, timaso tating'ono, timakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Maso a njuchi amapangidwa bwino, motero amatha kusiyanitsa pafupifupi mitundu yonse, kupatula mithunzi yofiyira. Komanso, mutu wa kachilombo kamakhala ndi buluzi wapadera wopangidwa kuti atenge timadzi tokongola timaluwa. Chida cha pakamwa pa njuchi chili ndi malangizo odulira.
• Chifuwa cha njuchi, chomwe chili ndi mapiko awiri okhala ndi mbali ziwiri zazikulu ndi miyendo itatu. Mapiko a njuchi amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mbedza zazing'ono. Miyendo ya njuchi imakutidwa ndi villi, yomwe imagwira ntchito moyenera - kuyeretsa tinyanga, kuchotsa maula, etc.
• Mimba ya njuchi ndiyo cholandirira chakudya cham'mimba ndi chonde cha tizilombo. Palinso zida zopopera ndi zisa za sera. Mimba yotsika imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe limapangitsa kuti mungu uzisungidwa.

Kodi njuchi zimakhala kuti?

Njuchi zimakhala mdera lalikulu kwambiri, kotero ndikosavuta kuyankha komwe njuchi sizikukhala kuposa komwe zimakhala. Chifukwa chake, palibe njuchi zokha m'malo omwe mulibe mbewu zamaluwa: zipululu za mchenga wotentha ndi ozizira a arctic tundra. M'malo ena onse pali njuchi.

Ponena za malo omwe mbalamezi zimakonda kwambiri, zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mapiri, kukonza mikoko yawo m'miyala ya mitengo yakale ndi zomangira zadothi. Kwa njuchi, ndikofunikira kuti malo awo azitetezedwa ku mphepo, ndipo pali dziwe pafupi.

Khalidwe la bee

Njuchi ndi tizilombo tamadonthoni timakhala m'mabanja akuluakulu a njuchi ndipo timayang'anira magwiridwe antchito. Zomwe zalembedwa ndi banja la njuchi zikuphatikiza:

Matriarchy amalamulira m khola la njuchi, ndipo ndi pa akazi pomwe moyo wa mng'oma umagona kwathunthu, pomwe amuna, ndi akazi, amangokhala akubereka.

Chiberekero cha njuchi ndi mfumukazi ya mng'oma, ndi iye amene amayambitsa kubala ana, ndiye mlengi wa mng'oma ndipo poyamba amachita nawo makonzedwe ake, mpaka munthawiyi amasinthidwa ndi njuchi zomwe zidabadwa.

Ntchito ya njuchi zazimuna, ma drones, ndi imodzi yokha - kuphatikiza chiberekero.

Moyo wachuma wonse wamng'oma umagona ndi njuchi zogwira ntchito, njuchi zazikazi, zomwe sizitha kubereka. Akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti atolere timaluwa ta maluwa, titeteze mng'oma kuti tipewe ngozi, tikonze, tisinthitse uchi, etc.

Kodi njuchi imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi yokhala njuchi imadalira malo ake manjuchi, komanso nthawi yakubadwa.

Kodi njuchi yogwira ntchito imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kutalika kwa moyo wake sikutalika, ndipo ngati abadwa m'chaka cha chilimwe kapena chilimwe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mwezi umodzi wokha. Kutalika kwa nthawi yochepa chonchi kumachitika chifukwa chazolowera kugwira njuchi.

Ngati njuchi yogwira ntchito inali yabwino kuti ibadwe mu kugwa, ndiye kuti imatha kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chifukwa imafunikira kupulumuka kuzizira kwazizira kuti izikhala ndi udindo wotola uchi m'chaka ndikuchita nawo kudziunjikira kwake.

Drone ali ndi nthawi yofupikirapo kuposa njuchi yogwira ntchito, masabata awiri atabadwa imatha kuphatikiza chiberekero, ndipo chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ma drones nthawi zambiri amafa patatha masiku angapo ukadzabereka. Zimachitika kuti kumapeto kwa nthawi yosonkhanitsa uchi, ndikumayamba kuzizira, kugwirira ntchito njuchi pakadali pano sikuthamangitsanso ma drones mng'oma, pambuyo pake iwonso amwalira.

Njuchi ya muchiberekero imakhala yayitali kwambiri mumtundu wa njuchi. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yayitali yomwe mwana amakhala ndi chiberekero ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, koma pamenepa amafunika kukhala mkazi wofunika komanso kupereka mwana watsopano nthawi zonse.

Kodi njuchi zimadya chiyani?

Njuchi zimadya mungu ndi maluwa. Kudzera mwa phenoscis wapadera, timadzi tokoma timalowa mu tsekwe, pomwe timakonzedwa ndi uchi. Kusanya mungu ndi timadzi tokoma, njuchi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndikuwongolera maluwa. Pofufuza chakudya, njuchi zimatha kuuluka mpaka makilomita 10 patsiku.

Kuweta uchi

Kubala kwachilengedwe njuchi kumachitika ndi kuyikira mazira ndi chiberekero, ndipo imatha kuyikira mazira onse mutatha kupanga umuna ndi drone ndipo popanda iyo, ndi kusiyana komwe ma drones amawoneka kuchokera mazira osabereka komanso anthu athunthu ochokera mazira okhathamiritsa.

Njira yochokera dzira kupita ku njuchi yodzaza ndi magawo angapo: choyamba, dzira limasandulika kukhala mphutsi, kenako nkukhala pre-pupa ndi pupa, pomwe njuchi yayikulu idapangidwa kale.

Banja la njuchi likafika lalikulu, magawidwe ake amapezeka - ambiri. Gawo la njuchi limakhala pamalo akale ndi chiberekero chakale, ndipo gawo limodzi ndi chiberekero chatsopano limapita kukapanga ndi kukonzekeretsa mng'oma watsopano.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza njuchi

• Nthano zambiri komanso nthano zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi njuchi, mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za Aigupto akale, mzimu wa womwalirayo umasiya munthu ali ngati njuchi.
• Ngakhale anthu akale adazindikira kuti zisa za njuchi ndizofunikira kudya, ndipo chifukwa chake adazisaka. Koma iyi inali nkhani yowopsa komanso yovuta, chifukwa njuchi zimathamangitsa wokonza uchi wopanda pakeyo kuti afe.
• Ku Greece wakale, alimi amapanga njere yoyamba kupangira magawo aming'oma, ndipo ndi thandizo lawo, amachotsa uchi wambiri. Ndipo chiyambi cha "njuchi zasayansi" zidayikidwa ndi wafilosofi wamkulu komanso wasayansi wakale wa Aristotle.
• Dokotala wakale wakale wachi Greek Hippocrates adalemba nkhani yonse yasayansi yokhudzaubwino wa uchi paumoyo wa anthu, ndipo malinga ndi nthano, gulu la njuchi lidakhazikika pamanda a dokotala wotchuka, ndikupanga uchi wapadera wochiritsa womwe umathandizira matenda ambiri.