Kanthu kakang'ono ndi mbalame (tinaika chithunzi patsamba lino), yomwe imadumphira mosangalala m'misewu, ngati kuti sazindikira anthu. Mwachilungamo, nkoyenera kunena kuti anthu salimbikitsa mwana izi mwachidwi, mwakutero kumulola kuti adye popanda chakudya.

Chingwe cha Kuku: Kufotokozera, chithunzi

Choyamba, yankhani funso lomwe likudetsa nkhawa anthu ambiri okonda mbalame. Ndege yosamukira kapena ayi? Inde, mbalame yodzichepetsayi ndi yosamukasamuka. Pakusala nthawi yozizira, ana awa amasamuka m'malo okhalamo zogona ku Eurasia kupita ku nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa.

Kufotokozera kwa anapiye a mbalame nthawi zambiri kumapezeka mu zofalitsa za ornithology, chifukwa mbalame yaying'ono iyi imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa okonda mbalame. Ndipo izi sizingobwera ndi kukula kwake, komanso chifukwa chosangalatsa, kuimba mokweza, komanso kuthekera kokhala ndi nyumba.

Kodi mbalame imayenda bwanji? Kuyimira mbalame yaying'ono kumeneku sikokwanira magalamu asanu ndi anayi. Nyimbo za maolivi zimakonda kukhala pakhungu la mwana. Pali tint wachikaso pakhosi, pachifuwa, komanso mikwingwirima m'maso. Mwa mitundu ina, zobiriwira ndi imvi zimawonjezeredwa ndi mitundu iyi.

M'mawonekedwe, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Chikuku - mbalame yokhala ndi mchira wosalala komanso wamfupi, wopangidwa ndi nthenga zazikulu khumi ndi ziwiri, miyendo yayitali, mlomo woonda wa chithokomiro, womwe, ngati miyendo, umapakidwa utoto wakuda. Zambiri ndizowoneka bwino komanso zosagwirizana: zobiriwira, zachikaso, zofiirira.

Woyambitsa mbalame amakhala kumadera a kumpoto kwa Asia komanso mayiko ena a ku Europe ndi ku Africa. Nyimbo yake imakhala ngati mawu omwe opangidwa ndi Finch, koma ake ndi okongola komanso omveka bwino. Mpaka 2006, mbalameyi idatengera mtundu wa Slavkov, koma kenako idasankhidwa kuti iwapatulitse kukhala timitengo tosiyana -toto. Masiku ano, pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yaamamenya nkhondo. Ku Russia, zopitilira pang'ono khumi ndizofala. Nayi ena a iwo:

Ndi mawonekedwe amitundu ina, tidzakudziwitsani mwatsatanetsatane.

Mbalame Ya Kuku Wand

Oimira mtunduwu amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za Europe ndi Asia, komanso kumadera akutali akumpoto. Kwa nthawi yozizira amawulukira ku South Asia, mayiko a Mediterranean ndi Central Africa.

Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri: kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita masentimita thwelofu, kulemera - magalamu asanu ndi atatu. Kulemera kwa akazi ndizochepa. Nthawi yakudyera, kumbuyo kwa mbalamezi imakhala yotuwa (zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna). Sub subsies omwe ali ndi mthunzi wowala wa azitona. Tummy ndi chikasu chopepuka, tinge yachikasu kupezeka pachifuwa ndi m'mbali mwake. Ndizoseketsa kuti mbalameyi imakhala ndi nsidze yolochedwa zoyera.

Vesnichka

Mbalame yolimbana ndi mbalame imakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 13, mapiko apamwamba kwambiri ndi masentimita makumi awiri ndi awiri. Kulemera kuli pafupifupi magalamu asanu ndi anayi. Kunja, ndizokumbukira kwambiri mitundu ina - mthunzi, koma ndizosiyana ndi kuyimba.

Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyi kunapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wa maolivi, tummy ndi yoyera. Khosi ndi chifuwa ndichikasu, pali mikwaso yachikaso yopepuka pamaso. Vesnichka zisa ku Europe, ndipo amawulukira ku Africa nyengo yachisanu.

Green

Mbalame yankhuku yobiriwira ndi nzika ya ku Europe. Kunja, kumafanana ndi khungubwe lamtchire, koma mochepera. Mutu ndi kumbuyo ndizobiriwira maolivi, pansi ndi loyera. Pamwamba pamaso pali mzere wakuda wokhala ndi nsidze zachikasu. Miyendo ndi yofiirira. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyi sikupita masentimita khumi, mapiko ndi mainchesi makumi awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi magalamu asanu ndi atatu.

Brown

Munthu wamkulu m'banjamo. Iyi wand ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala ku East Asia, mpaka ma sentimita khumi ndi anayi. Kumbuyo kwake kulijambulidwa ndi mtundu wakuda. Mlomo wake ndi wowongoka komanso wakuthwa, koma ndi waufupi. Miyendo yakuda. Mzere wakuda umadutsa m'maso mwa mbalameyo, ndipo kuwala kumawonekera pamwamba pake. Maso ozungulira oyera.

Tummy ndi yoyera, bere limakhala lakuda pang'ono. Mafuta apansi ndi mbali zake ndi zonona. Mchira umazunguliridwa pang'ono.

Talovka

Mbalame yokhala ndi maonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira kumbuyo ndi kumutu komanso m'mimba wopepuka. Chizindikiro chazinthu zamtunduwu ndiwotchi yotchinga komanso chingwe chowoneka pamapiko. Kutalika kwa thupi la talovik kumatha kufika masentimita 13. Mbalamezi zimakhazikika ku Brunei, Russia, Korea, China, Mongolia, Mexico, Central ndi South Asia, ndi mayiko a Scandinavia.

Ratchet

Mtunduwu ndiofala m'malo otentha komanso achiswe ku Europe. M'nyengo yozizira, khwangwala amasamukira kumadera otentha a ku Africa. Kutalika kwa nthumwi za nthumwi zamtunduwu kuli pafupifupi ma sentimita 13, ndipo mapiko amatha kufikira masentimita makumi awiri ndi anayi. Zowonjezerazo ndizobiriwira kumbuyo, zoyera pachifuwa ndi tinge pang'ono kachikasu. Nyimbo ya mbalameyi imamveka ngati kuphatikiza kwa nyimbo za "tyu" kapena "m'bale" ndikumamveka ndi mitundu yamtunduwu yomwe ikudziwika ngati yamtunduwu.

Zarnichka

Mbendera ya mbalamezi imakhala yofala kwambiri ku Europe. Panyengo yophukira, amasamukira ku nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa. Mtunduwu, kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi atatu ndi mapiko autali wa masentimita makumi awiri ndi anayi.

Zolemera zarnichki zimatha kufikira magalamu khumi ndi atatu. Kumbuyo, maula ndi obiriwira, pachifuwa ndi loyera.

Habitat

Kwambiri, ma scallops amakonda kukhazikika ndi kupotoza zisa m'nkhalango zosakanikirana za Asia ndi Europe. Imapitilira imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri mu maiko aku Mediterranean ndi ku Africa. Monga lamulo, iwo amakhala pafupi ndi malo omata komanso kumapeto kwa nkhalango.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - nkhalango komanso zam'madzi, komanso mphutsi zake ndizakudya za nkhondo zomwe amakonda. Mbalamezi sizikana kangaude, ntchentche, agulugufe, mbozi ndi kafadala. Mukugwa, ana awa amawonjezera zipatso pachakudya chokhazikika: rasipiberi ndi maulosi okalamba, ma currants ndi mabulosi abuluu. Chamomile amapeza chakudya m'makona a mitengo, zitsamba, mumlengalenga pafupi ndi masamba. Imatenga chakudya chamtunduwu patsiku, chomwe chili pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake, ndi zina zambiri pakukonzekera kusuntha kwa nthawi yophukira kuti ikapangire mafuta oyenera kuthamanga kwakutali.

Mbalame zokongola izi nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa kunyumba ndi okonda mbalame. Kuwasamalira ndiwowongoka ndipo sikubweretsa mavuto ngakhale kwa obetsa mbalame oyamba. Kungoyambira koyamba, timitengo timatha kukhala mwamtendere mu cell. Poterepa, khungu limakutidwa ndi minofu.

Ndiyenera kunena kuti ana awa mwachangu amatenga nthawi yomweyo kupita ku ukapolo ndipo mu masabata awiri amatha kumasulidwa kuti aziwuluka kuzungulira nyumba. Ma chamomile ali ndi mawonekedwe odekha komanso amtendere, amagwirizana mosavuta ndi mitundu ina. Koma osasiya amuna angapo pamodzi omwe angakonzekerere kumenya wamkazi.

Kufotokozera kwa wand

Wand ndi sangalalanizokhudzana ndi mtundu wopanda pake wa banja la penic. Kanyanja kakang'ono kosamukira kumakhala kumpoto kwa Asia, komanso mayiko ena ku Europe ndi Africa. Nyimbo yake imatikumbutsa mawu omwe omaliza amapanga, koma matamando okha ndi oyera, a sonorous komanso oyera.

Mpaka 2006, mbalameyi idawonedwa ngati nthumwi ya mtundu Slavkov, koma kenako idasankhidwa kuti iwayanjane kukhala banja logawanika - timitengo ta utoto. Mu mbalame zamakono zamtunduwu muli mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi: mitundu pafupifupi 55. Koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mtundu wawo, magulu a mbalamezi amathanso kusinthika pakapita nthawi.

Wands anatero zomanga zochepa. M'mawonekedwe, izi zotsatirazi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

1. Mchira waufupi komanso ngakhale wokhala ndi mapiko 12 akulu.
2. Mawotchi azitali.
3. Wamkazi.
4. Mitundu ya ma plumage ndi yosaoneka komanso yosiyana: bulauni, yobiriwira komanso chikasu.

Mitundu ya Wands

Mpaka pano, padziko lapansi pali mitundu 55 ya andewu. Ku Russia kuli mitundu pafupifupi 15:

1. Vesnichka.
2. Tenkovka.
3. Green
4. Ratchet.
5. Talovka.
6. Zarnichka.
7. Korolkovaya.
8. Brown.
9. Chomaliza.
10. Kubwezeretsa kobiriwira.
11. Remix - macheza.
12. Ena.

Nthenga zamtambo zimapezeka ku Asia ndi Kum'mawa Kakutali. Amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete, pomwe pali dzuwa lowala kwambiri. Ndi mawonekedwe ake, imakopa chidwi. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 11, ndipo kulemera - 13 magalamu. Zowonjezerazo zili ndi mtundu wobiriwira - maolivi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa mikwaso yachikasu. Miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Nyimbo yomwe ili pamtunduwu wamtunduwu ndi yosangalatsa, imafanana ndi likhweru.

Wadding - mthunzi uli ponseponse osati ku Russia komanso ku Europe. Mbalame yotereyi imatchulidwanso ziwala. Mtundu wa maula ndi wonyezimira, koma miyendo yake ndi yakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyi kumafika masentimita 14, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 10. Tenkovka ndi wokalamba komanso wokalamba.

Green wand imasiyana pang'ono ndi mbalame zamtundu wina. Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwake ndiwobiliwira pamwamba komanso wachikasu pansipa. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi chingwe cha kuwala kumapiko a mbalame. Mazira a mbalameyi ndi oyera oyera. Amayenda mosavuta, amakonda kukhala pamalangizo a nthambi.

Khwangwala amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira ndipo amakhala kutali ndi malo omwe amakhala ndi anthu. Mbalameyi ndiyotchuka adalandira dzina la chikasu. Makulidwe a ratchet amapaka utoto wobiriwira pamwamba, ndipo pansi, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira, koma nthawi zonse pamakhala mikwingwirima yobiriwira.

Kutalika kwa Talovka kumafika masentimita 12, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi masentimita 10. Pokhala ndi nthenga zowoneka ngati zobiriwira kuchokera pamwambapa, zimadumphira pansi mosalala. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi miyendo yoyera ndi likhweru.

Mwakukula kwake, kukula kwa msambo kumakulira pang'ono kuposa mbalame wamba. Amalemera magalamu 6 okha. Zowonjezereka zochokera kumtunda zimakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira, koma pamwamba pake maso ake amakhala owoneka bwino. Anthu ena amtunduwu ali ndi mzere womwewo pamutu ndi pamapiko. Chingwe - zarnichka - mbalame yodula mitengo, yomwe imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira zokha.

Korolkovoy scallop imawonekera pakati pa mitundu ina yokhala ndi mitundu yowala yowoneka ngati mitundu yayikulu: maolivi obiriwira ndi oyera, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda bii. Zingwe zachikaso zopepuka zimadutsa thupi lonse, mapiko ndi mutu.

Brown wand khala m'nkhalangoyomwe imamera m'mapiri. Mchira, thupi ndi mapiko a mbalameyi ndi zofiirira komanso zofiirira. Mazira mu wand ofiira wa mtundu woyera.

Mphepo yamtambo yolusa imawoneka ngati mbalame yobisalira. Amayesetsa kukhazikika pansi pa mitengo ndi zitsamba, kusankha malo osapambanika. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina. Mtundu wa manambala ndi amitundu yambiri, izi zimapangitsa kuti zisaoneke kwa onse okhala m'nkhalango.

Wopanda mutu wopanda mutu amakonda kukhala m'malo otentha kwambiri m'mphepete mwa taiga. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka awiriawiri kapena okha. Mazira ake ndi oyera komanso oyera. Green remix - mitundu yambiri ya wand. Anthu amtunduwu ndiwosayenda ndipo sangathe kungouluka, koma kutalikirana mlengalenga, ndikuwulutsa mapiko awo.

Kuimba mendulo - kumacheza kumafanana ndi kusuntha. Mtundu wa maula ndi zoyera komanso zopepuka. Amakonzekera kukhazikika m'mindazitsamba ndi mabango.

Zovala nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. M'chilengedwe masiku ano pali mbalame zopitilira 40 miliyoni za mbalamezi.

Ara parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Mitundu yoposa 50 ya mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zili m'gulu la wankhondo. M'mbuyomu, adatumizidwa ku banja la Slavkov, koma kenako asayansi adalekanitsa mbalamezo kukhala banja lina.

Nthochi zimapezeka ku Eurasia ndi Africa, makamaka anthu ambiri kum'mawa kwa Asia. Zinyumba zokometsera izi zimasiyana ndi zomenyera ufulu zokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, mchira wamfupi komanso mulomo woonda. Mu kuchuluka kwa mbalame zochulukirapo, mitundu yachikasu, yofiirira komanso yobiriwira imakhala yayikulu. Mimba imakhala yopepuka kuposa msana. Mwambiri, mitundu yonse ndi yofanana kwambiri ndipo imasiyana pang'ono. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ma warble ena amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka pansi pa maso ndi nthenga zopepuka pamapiko.

Zolemba Pazakudya

Chochera ndi mbalame zoteteza. Amadyanso nkhalango zazing'ono komanso madzi am'madzi, mphutsi zawo, akangaude. Komanso, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito ntchentche, mbozi ndi agulugufe, kachikumbu ka chakudya. Mu yophukira, zipatso, mwachitsanzo, elderberry, rasipiberi, mabulosi abulu, currant, zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zanu.

Wand amapeza chakudya mu korona zamitengo, zitsamba, pafupi ndi masamba mumlengalenga. Tsiku, limatenga tizilombo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake, ndipo isananyamuke nthawi yophukira, kwambiri kuti lipange mafuta osungira ndege yayitali.

Kufalikira kwa scum m'chilengedwe

Chamomiles adafalikira kudera lalikulu la Africa ndi kontinenti yonse ya Europe. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi ana awa ku East Asia. Nkhalango zowongoka komanso zowala nthawi zambiri zimasankha nsomba m'madzi, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zitsamba.

Chibrish

Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame yaying'onoyi kumafika masentimita 11. Masaya amapaka utoto wofiira. Matako ndi amdima. Pamwamba pa mbalameyo ndi imvi. Kugawidwa m'maiko apakati pa Africa (Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda).

Mwana Wand

Kutalika kwa mbalame ndi 11 cm masentimita, mapiko ndi mpaka 22 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 8-11 g. Mawonedwewo ali ofanana kwambiri ndi thovu la tenochka, koma amasiyana ndi kuyimba. Kumbuyo ndikobiriwira maolivi, tummy ndimayera chikasu. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi khosi lachikaso ndi chifuwa komanso mikwaso yachikasu pamwamba pamaso. Wadlet ndi wokhala ku Europe. Kwa nthawi yozizira imawulukira ku Africa.

Kodi ndi mbalame yamtundu wanji ndipo ndi chifukwa chiyani inkatchedwa choncho

Ndizotheka makamaka chifukwa cha kusazolowereka komanso kozizwitsa kwa mawu omwe mbalame zimatcha dzina lawo loti "nthenga", mogwirizana ndi mawu oti "kuyimba". Ngakhale ndizochulukirapo kuposa mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, mbalamezi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi komanso kwa onse omwe amakonda za avifauna apadziko lapansi.

Mpaka posachedwa, ma scallops amatengedwa ngati oimira banja la Slavkov, lomwe ndi limodzi mwazomwe zili zodziwika bwino mu dongosolo la Passeriformes. Mu 2006, asayansi omwe adagwira nawo gawo lazamoyo mbalame zophatikizidwa m'gulu latsopanoli, momwe amitundu iwiri idasiyanitsidwa, m'modzi mwaiwo anali wamba kapena owombera nkhondo. Mbalame zoposa khumi ndi zisanu za mtundu wa Chafer zimasiyana m'mawu awo omvera, komabe, amakhalanso ndi moyo womwewo ndipo amakhala ndi zikhalidwe wamba.

Chotsani zomata.

Kodi mbalame imawoneka bwanji?

Mbalamezi ndi amodzi mwa oimira zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri, momwe kutalika kwa scum wamkulu kumakhala 13 cm ndi kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi g g. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ku Europe ndi scum, yomwe imakula mpaka 9-10,5 cm kutalika ndikulemera kuyambira 5 mpaka 11 g. Kingleaf ndiyocheperako: kutalika kwa mbalameyi sikoposa 9 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 4 g yokha.

Kuphatikiza kwa mbalamezi kumakhala kowoneka bwino komanso kaso. Mosiyana ndi abale ake apamtima, ovala zankhondo, zozimitsira nkhondowo zimakhala ndi mchira waufupi, mapiko ozungulira ozungulira ndi miyendo yayitali. Mchira wa mbalame umakhala ndi nthenga 12 zazikuluzikulu. M'mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, pakukulira, kupendekeka kwakung'ono kumawoneka mchira - foloko yaying'ono. Pafupifupi mbalame zonse, mchirawo umadulidwa molunjika, koma mu msuzi wa bulauni umakhala wozungulira pang'ono.

Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidapangidwe kompositi, mutu wa mbalame umawoneka wawukulu. Mlomo wazomenyera ndi wautali, wowonda komanso wakuthwa.

Chowoneka mosiyana ndi ma firiji onse ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa malingaliro akugonana. Amuna awiri onse awiriwa ndi ofanana ndipo ali penti yemweyo. Ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono zazovala zoyambirira zimatha kusiyanitsidwa kuchokera m'badwo wachikulire kokha ndi katswiri.

Woyenda pang'ono m'mundamo.

Mtundu wa nthenga

Mbalamezi ndizopakidwa utoto molimba komanso mochenjera, mitundu yayikulu yamitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yachikasu, yobiriwira komanso yofiirira. Thupi lotsika nthawi zonse limakhala lonyowoka poyerekeza ndi kumtunda.

Mwachitsanzo, kupendekera, ndimtundu waudzu komanso kuwala kofiirira mofanananira kumtunda,, imvi kapena chikasu pansipa. Koma zarnichka amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mabulangete achikasu ambiri: mikwingwirima yayikulu yachikatikati pamapiko, mawanga achikasu pamakoko a mapiko, pamasaya ndi pachifuwa.

Zoyipa zonse pamwamba pamaso zimakhala ndi "nsidze": mu zarnichka ndiwowoneka bwino, wachikasu kapena wocheperako, wofotokozedwa bwino. Chotupa chokhala ndi kuwala chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amaso osawoneka bwino, ndipo mzere woonda wakuda umadutsa pansi pa eyebrow.

Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa mankhwalawo uli ndi timitengo tofiirira. Ali ndi bulauni pamtunda ndipo oyera oyera pansi. Maso a mbalamezo akuzunguliridwa ndi mphete yoyera yofotokozedwa bwino. Mikwingwirima iwiri imadutsa diso: m'munsi mumakhala wakuda, kumtunda ndi koyera, kotakata.

Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, ma warble ambiri amawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo chakumadzulo, mithunzi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtengo wa azitona.

Chiffon tenochka.

Wands ali kuti

Mitundu ya mbalame zazing'onoyi ndi yochulukirapo, ndipo ma scallops ndiofala ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa. Mbalame zokhala ku Europe ndizosamukasamuka. Anthu okhala kumayiko otentha amakhala mosakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, zodzaza za Laura zimangokhala ku Africa kokha, pamalo opitilira 300,000 km 2. Anthu aku Asia amakhala pongokhala.

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazanyama imawonedwa m'maiko aku Asia, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Pa gawo la Russia pali mitundu 13 yokha ya zikwangwani, pakati pawo yomwe zotchuka kwambiri ndizithunzi, zarnichka, ntchentche zamiyala, tambala komanso talovka. Ndiwo mitundu iyi yomwe imawonetsedwa kwambiri pamitengo ya akatswiri.

Mtundu umodzi wofala kwambiri ndi wankhondo. Nawonso oyimira amtunduwu amapezeka ku Europe konse, ndipo nyengo yozizira ku Africa. Nyumba zofananira ndizosanjikana, malo ogawikirako amayenda ku Central Europe, ndipo nyumba zachisanu zimakhala m'malo otentha a ku Africa.

Malo obadwira ma scum froths ndi gawo lochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku Urals ndi Kazakhstan kupita ku Chukotka, Mongolia ndi China. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimakhala ku South ndi Southeast Asia. Pafupi, kumenya nkhondo yachifumu yaying'ono, komwe kumakhala nyengo ku Indochina ndi Eastern Europe.

Mithunzi yoboola thovu imapezeka ku Western Europe, Siberia, Yakutia ndi dera la Magadan, chifukwa nthawi yozizira imawulukira kumwera kwa Europe, Asia ndi Africa.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa malo omenyera nkhondoyi ndikufotokozera momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame imagwirira ntchito limodzi kapena mitundu ina.

Chiffon tenochka.

Chamoyo Wand

Chafer ndi mbalame zamnkhalango. Tennkovki amakonda nkhalango zowirira zazitali komanso zowaza, zobiriwira zazitali za maula ndi ma fern, rasipiberi. Anthu okhala ku West Europe amakhala ndi nkhalango zowumitsa bwino komanso zosakanikirana, kufupi ndi taiga, mbalame zimalolera kukhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimawonedwa mu tundra ndi m'nkhalango-tundra, pomwe mbalame zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje m'makwalala.

Mtengo woyeserera nthawi zambiri kuposa wachibale wawo umapezeka kudera loteteza nkhalango, komanso m'minda yakumidzi, komwe umatha kumamva nyimbo yake yachifupi komanso yachidule.

Zarnichka amakondanso kukhala m'minda ndi malo osungirako zinyama ndipo kuyimba kwake ndikofanana ndi ntchentche komanso ntchentche yamasika, komabe, nyimbo yomaliza mu nyimbo ya mbalameyi imamveka mosokosera mawu a "c-c - cit-zhzhiii ...".

Koma timitengo ta bulauni ndi anthu okhala tchire okha pamtchire.

Popeza sizikhala mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mbalamezi ndizosasamala ndipo zimavomereza kuwona. Chifukwa chake, sizovuta kupanga zithunzi zosangalatsa za chithovu.

Monga mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono, timitengo timagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo timayenda, ndipo ngati tiwola m'malo mwake, timapindika mchira wawo ndi mapiko okulungidwa. Usiku wonse amatuluka ndikudumphira pa udzu woonda, kenako pamitengo yamitengo, atatanganidwa ndikudzifunafuna okha kapena ana awo.

Nthenga zambiri.

Kodi anapiye amadya chiyani?

Mu zida za mitundu yonse ya nyama, maziko azakudya amakwawa, akuuluka komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'madzi, mphutsi zawo, komanso arachnids. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za mbalame yachikulire ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake kwa thupi ndipo makamaka ntchentche, mbozi za gulugufe, nkhono ndi kafadala.

Nthawi zambiri mapiko akuuluka, mbalamezo zimatha kupendekera kwakanthawi mlengalenga, zimayang'ana nyama zomwe zingagone pansi pamasamba ndi udzu. Ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono touluka timadya ntchentche.

Panthawi yokolola, zipatso ndi zipatso zimapezeka m'zakudya za mbalame. Pofika nthawi yophukira, nthumwi za anthu osamukira kumayiko ena zimayenera kupeza mafuta osungira kuti zithe kukhalanso ndi mphamvu pambuyo pakusamba ndikukhala ndi moyo wosamuka kwakanthawi.

Chamomile akuyenera kuti akhale wolumala, akuyang'ana nyama.

Kuswana mbalame zankhondo

Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, mafunde akonzeka kukhala makolo. Mbalamezi zimapanga buluzi kwa nyengo imodzi, mitundu ina imawonetsa polygyny, pamene wamwamuna mmodzi amatha kusamalira akazi angapo nthawi.

Woyambitsa nkhondo pang'ono kuti amange chisa.

Mbalamezi zimabwereranso kumalo osungira nthawi imodzi pomwe masamba ake akutupa pamitengo. Amuna amafika masabata awiri m'mbuyomu kuposa achikazi, amakhala pamtunda wamitengo yayitali ndikudabwitsidwa aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsera ndi mawu awo apadera. Chifukwa chake, amayitanitsa akazi ndikuwachenjeza omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano wokhudza malowa. Kuyendetsa wamkazi yemwe mumakonda kumakhala ndi zovina mlengalenga mozungulira mnzanuyo, pomwe kuuluka kwachimuna - wopangira zida zankhondo akufanana kwambiri ndi chingwe cha gulugufe.

Kapangidwe ka chisa ndi nkhawa ya akazi onse. M'mitengo yayitali ya udzu wamtali, wowuma kapena wakuda, wamkazi amamanga kanyumba kakang'ono kuchokera ku udzu wa chaka chatha. Nthawi zina chisa chimakhala munthambi za chitsamba, koma nthawi zonse pansi kwambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kotalika ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 12cm kali ndi khomo lakumaso, ndipo thirakitala ndi lachingwe.

Pakadutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scum, kuyambira mazira 2 mpaka 8, oyera oyera mu mtundu wa bulauni kapena chidutswa chofiyira. Ndizosangalatsa kuti abambo amitundu yambiri satenga nawo mbali pomenyera, koma amateteza mwamphamvu malo awo okhala, omwe ma radius ake ndi 10 mamitala kuchokera pachisa. Kudalira kunja kwa nyengo yakubereketsa, anyamatawa sagwirizana ndi alendo osawadziwa omwe ali pamalo osungirako ndipo amatsutsana molimba mtima ndi adani omwe angakhale nawo, ngakhale atakhala a jay lalikulu kapena ngakhale chiphona.

Kuswa kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, anapiyewo amawaswa osagwira ntchito komanso amaliseche, kumbuyo ndi kumutu kokha komwe kumakhala kuwala kwa imvi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti amuna ena, mwachitsanzo, mithunzi, satenga nawo mbali pakudyetsa anapiye, ndikupitiliza kuteteza gawo. Ndipo nyengo zoyipa kwambiri zokha, tizilombo tikabisala, ndiye kuti yamphongo imathandiza wamkazi kudyetsa ana.

Woyambitsa nkhondo pang'ono, yemwe wangokhala kumene pamaluwa okongola, akuyang'ana nyerere.

Pafupifupi patsiku la 15 kubadwa, anapiyewo amatha kuuluka, koma osachoka m'dera lawolo kwa milungu inanso 3-4. Yaikazi kapena makolo onsewo amawadyetsa pafupipafupi, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa amadyetsa.

Monga ana ang'onoang'ono odutsa, atasiyira makolo awo, amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono osakanizika, monga gawo lomwe amathawira koyamba kupita kumalo achisanu.

Mpaka pano, chiwerengero chonse cha zida zankhondo ndizochulukirapo ndipo palibe chomwe chikuwopseza kutukuka kwa mbalamezi.

Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mbalamezi

Kuyang'ana chithunzi ndipo osadziwa bwino mbalame, amatha kusokonezeka ndi mpheta. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kuyambira kumutu mpaka ponytail kumafika masentimita 13. Mapiko kumapiko a masentimita pafupifupi 18. Ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 8-9. Mtundu wa mbalame umawongoleredwa ndi kamvekedwe ka maolivi.

Pa chifuwa, mmero ndi mikwingwirima m'maso mawonekedwe a mivi yachikasu. M'mayendedwe ena, imvi ndi zobiriwira zimawonjezeredwa ndi mitunduyi. Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna, mchira wa mbalame ndi wautali, ndipo mulomo wake ndi wowonda komanso chithokomiro. Ndipo mulomo ndi miyendo yakuda.

Chapadera cha mbalamezi ndi chakuti akamakonzekera kuwuluka kumadera otentha, amasungunuka, kumakhala zofiirira, ngati ana awo, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi itatu mitengo yawo imakhala ngati mbalame zazikulu, ndimayendedwe azitona.

Nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zosakanikirana za ku Europe ndi Asia ndi malo omwe mbalame zimakonda kwambiri. Pamenepo amapanga zisa zawo. Mu nthawi yozizira iwo amawuluka ku kontinenti ya Africa ndi kumayiko a Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Malo omwe ali m'matanthwe, pafupi ndi m'mphepete ndi m'mphepete, ndi omwe amawakonda.

Pakati pa zida zankhondo pali ma subspecies omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake mu chizindikiro chimodzi kapena china. Penochka shadowovka, mwachitsanzo, imasiyana ndi abale ake ena onse m'mawu a nyimbo zawo.

Mverani mthunzi wa chithovu

Pachithunzichi pali mthunzi wazitho

Ngati muwamvetsera bwino, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti akufanana ndi phokoso lakugwa. Chisa chake chokhala ngati nyumba chimapezeka pansi kapena paphiri laling'ono. Chifukwa freckles malo okondedwa kwambiri ndi okondedwa onse ngodya za Europe.

Koma satha nthawi yozizira kumalo amenewo, chifukwa chake amawuluka kwa nthawi ino kupita kumayiko ofunda aku Africa, omwe amakhala kutali ndi chipululu cha Sahara. Mbalameyi imakonda kunja kwa nkhalango, m'mbali mwa nkhalango ndi zitsamba. Chosangalatsa chokhala ndi vuto losamva sichikukonda. Zadziwika kuti ndi iye amene amayimba kwambiri kuposa abale ake onse.

Mverani mawu a mbalame

Kutulutsa kwake kumamveka ngakhale nyengo zitaipa. Kujambula kwake kumaphatikizapo mitundu khumi ya nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana. Izi zodabwitsa komanso zachilendo.

Pa chithunzichi pali wowaletsa pang'ono

At timitengo ta ratchet kuyimba kwake koyambirira, komwe sikungasokonezeke ndi wina aliyense. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi phokoso laling'ono, pamlingo wina amafanana ndi ufa, womwe umathandizira ndikuphatikizira mpaka kumapeto.

Mverani mawu a clapper clutch

Kuphatikiza pa chochitika ichi, khola la mbewa limakhala ndi chikwapu champhamvu, chokhala ndi cholembedwa chimodzi “thu” komanso chodzetsa nkhawa.

Pacithunzi-thunzi, mbalame zimanjenjemera

Kuyimba wand wobiriwira wosiyana kwambiri ndi wina aliyense. Phokoso la "ti-psi-psi-psi-ti-ti-psi" lokhala ndi zolemba zazitali kumapeto zimapangitsa mboni za kuyimba kuti zisangalale.

Mverani mawu a wand wobiriwira

Mu chithunzichi ndi wand wobiriwira

Wadding zarnichka - Ino ndiye mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri yamtunduwu. Kukula kwake kulibe mfumu. Kuimba, kusinthana nthawi zina ndi zolemba zapamwamba kapena zotsika, kuli kofanana ndi kuyimba kwa kaphonje kazitsulo. Imayang'aniridwa ndi mluzu woimba ndi mawu oyimba ngati "tsivi", "sisivi", "wamba".

Mverani kuyimba scum

Mu chithunzichi, chithovu zarnichka

Khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe Chopstick

Makamaka mbalame yesetsani kupanga mabanja awo ndikugwiritsitsa kwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri mabanja awa amalumikizana ndi ena, ndikupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pafupipafupi, komabe mungathe kukumana ndi mbalamezi modzipatula.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mbalamezi zimasamala kwambiri. Popanda mantha ambiri, amatha kupangitsa aliyense kukhala pafupi ndi iwo. Amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri akufunafuna chakudya.

Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakuyenda komanso agility. Kupusa kwawo poyenda mozungulira mtengo amatha kusilira. Nthawi ndi nthawi amatha kuuluka pamtengo kuti akagwire kachilombo. Yendetsani mwachangu komanso mopanda chidwi. Voice Wand - Izi ndizomwe zimakopa aliyense. Kumva kamodzi, ndizosatheka kuiwala.

Pa chithunzichi, anapiye ndi mbalame

Kuti mudzitchinjirize chisa obisika bwino. Nthawi zambiri, mbalameyi imadyera pafupi ndi stumps, ndikupeza kupsinjika pang'ono pansi, ndikuwaphimba ndi udzu wouma kuti atetezeke kwambiri. M'mitundu yonse yazowombera, chisa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo mawonekedwe ake onse amafanana ndi kanyumba. Chosangalatsa cha zisa zawo ndikulowera. Ili m'mbali mwa nyumbayi.

Dzinja litangoyamba kumene, mitundu yambiri ya zomenyera nkhondo zimayamba kusonkhana m'malo otentha. Amabwereranso mu Ogasiti, ndipo ena akuchedwa mpaka Novembala. Nthawi yakukhwima, yamphongo imayamba nyimbo yayitali komanso yokongola pofuna kukopa chidwi cha akazi chomwe amakonda.

Pa chithunzicho chisa cha mbalame

Wotengedwa ukapolo amapita pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba, amatha kukhala ndi vuto. Kuponya mozungulira cing'i, zosayenera, nkhawa zitha kuchepetsedwa ngati mutaphimba kakhola ndi mbalameyo ndi nsalu inayake, potero kumateteza mbalame ku dziko lakunja, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zowopsa kwa izo.

Popita nthawi, amamuzolowera munthuyo, amachepetsa ndikuyamba kuzolowera. Pambuyo pakusintha kwakanthawi, mutha kuwononga nthawi ndi nthawi, kumulola kuti atuluke, ndikupangitsitsani kuti atambasule mapiko nthawi yothawa m'malo otseguka. Kufotokozera kwa wand zitha kukhala kwamuyaya. Ngakhale kuti ndi mbalame yaying'ono, ndizosangalatsa komanso zoyambirira.

Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Amuna amakhala osamala kwambiri. Ndiwo oyamba kuwuluka kupita kumalo osambira, kupeza malo abwino a chisa ndi kuteteza gawo ili kwa mbalame zina. Awiriwo akapangika, wamkazi amayamba kukonza nyumba zawo.

Momwe zisa zimamangidwira mwachangu zimadalira nyengo. Kuyimba kwamphongo kumveka momveka bwino mpaka nthawi yakusanja. Ntchito imeneyi ikangoyamba, mphamvu zakuyimba zimachepa. Pakadali pano, wamwamuna amatanganidwa ndikulondera awiri ake.

Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, wamkazi amayikira mazira. Iwo, monga lamulo, nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira pa 4 mpaka 8. M'mayiko a ku Europe, zigawenga zimapanga mitundu iwiri mwanjira imeneyi. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, anapiye okongola amabadwa, omwe atatha masiku 14 atuluka chisa. Anapiwe amakula ndipo amakhala okonzeka kubala mwana chaka chatha. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wawo wonse ndi zaka pafupifupi 12.

Ecology

Dera la mthunzi limakulidwa kwambiri ndi dera la mitundu ina iwiri yokhudzana ndi scum - ratuni ndi flyweeds. Mosiyana ndi udzu wamasamba, womwe umakonda kwambiri mabatani otseguka, umakhala ngati nkhwangwa, umakhala m'nkhalango, koma, mosiyana ndi izi, umapezeka pafupi ndi malovu, mipata, malo omata komanso malo ena ang'onoang'ono m'nkhalango yokutidwa ndi zitsamba zowirira kapena chitsa.

Kuchulukitsa

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, mthunzi sunatchulidwe ngati mbalame yodziyimira pawokha, ndipo pansi pa scum ku Europe nthawi zambiri ankamvetsetsa mitundu itatu yosiyana koma yakunja yofanana - kwenikweni, mthunzi, scalop scum ndi scallop scum. Mmodzi mwa ophunzira oyamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu itatuyi anali wansembe Wachingelezi komanso katswiri wazachilengedwe Gilbert White (1720-1793) - mu 1789 mu buku lake "The Natural History and Old Monerals of Selborn" (Eng. Natural History and Antiquities) wa Selborne) adafotokoza mbalamezi potengera mawonekedwe a kuyimba. Dzina lasayansi Sylvia collybita adasankhidwa kukhala bokosi la mthunzi wolemba akatswiri azachipatala wa ku France a Louis Viejo mu 1817 m'buku la "New Dictionary of the History of Natural" (Fr. Nouvelle Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle).

Rod Chopstick (Phylloscopus), kuphatikiza mitundu yoposa 50 ya mbalame zazing'ono zoteteza nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto wofanana (wobiriwira kapena bulawuni pamwamba komanso wachikasu, oyera kapena buffy pansi) adafotokozedwa mu 1826 ndi katswiri wazowona zachilengedwe waku Germany Heinrich Boie. Mtunduwu ndi wa banja la Slavkov, ngakhale kuyambira 2006 pakhala malingaliro ofuna kudzipatula m'banjali lomwe linali litangoyamba kumene (Phylloscopidae) Achibale apafupi kwambiri a tenochki, kuphatikiza pamabuku akale, ndiwotcha, wankhonya, wopepuka komanso wankhondo waku Iran.

Penochka shadowovka

Mitunduyi imapezeka m'nkhalango zowerengeka komanso zosakanikirana za Asia ndi Europe, ngakhale kumadera akutali akumpoto. Amayendayenda nyengo yachisanu kupita kumayiko a Mediterranean, South Asia ndi Central Africa.

Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono: kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 12 cm, kulemera kwa 7-8 g, mwa akazi - pang'ono. Mukasunga chisa, kumbuyo kwa amuna ndi akazi kumakhala kotuwa, kokhala ndi azitona kumitundu ing'ono yakumadzulo. Tummy ndiy yoyera, yokhala ndi chikasu chachikaso m'mbali ndi chifuwa. Nsidze ndikuwvekedwa ndi Mzere Woyera. Mu nthawi yophukira, mtunduwo umazirala, mbali ndi chifuwa zimalumikizana ndi zina zonse zowuluka. Zomangira pazithunzi zimakhala ndi mulomo wakuthwa komanso wakuda, miyendo yakuda. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wam'madzi ndikuyimba, ndikumveka kwamtundu wachidziwitso "mthunzi-tin-tien-tiun-tin-tien".

Wand

Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwo kumafika 12 cm, mapiko ndi 18-20 masentimita. Khungu loyera ndi bulangeti yachikasu likuwoneka. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi mawu obwerezabwereza a “pu-ii”. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kozungulira kamakhala kumadzulo ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Central Europe. Nyengo za kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

Zingwe

Mitundu yogawa mitunduyi ndi gawo lotentha komanso lachiwawa ku Europe. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imasamukira ku Africa yotentha. Kutalika kwa thupi la mitunduyo ndi 11-31 masentimita, mapiko ndi mpaka masentimita 24. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi mpaka 13 g. Zowonjezerazo kumbuyo ndizobiriwira, ndipo pachifuwa zimakhala zoyera chikasu. Nyimboyi imamveka ngati kuphatikiza kwa "m'bale" kapena "tyu" kumveka ndi phokoso lodziwika bwino.

King Wand

Mbalameyo imakhala ndi msana wobiriwira komanso tummy yowala, chingwe chachikaso chikuwoneka pamutu, komanso kuwala kumapiko. Kutalika kwa thupi la mitunduyo mpaka 10cm, kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 7. Amakhala kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Siberia, Mongolia ndi China. Mtundu wosamukira wokhala ndi nthawi yozizira ku Indochina.

Zapochka-zarnichka

Habitat - East Asia. Mapiko a mapiko ali mpaka 16 cm, kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 10. Kulemera kuchokera 4 mpaka 9 g. Zowonjezerazo kumbuyo kwake ndizobiriwira maolivi ndi mikwingwirima. Tummy ndi yoyera. Mlomo wake ndi wa bulauni wokhala ndi tsamba lachikaso. Miyendo ndi yofiyira.

Talovka

Zowonjezerazo ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira ndi mimba yopepuka. Mbalameyi imasiyananso ndi mitundu ina ndi mbalamezo zomwe zimatuluka ndikuuluka mumtambo wamapiko ake. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 13. Amakhala mu Russia, Brunei, China, Korea, Mexico, Mongolia, mayiko a Scandinavia, Central ndi South Asia.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Dimorphism yachiwerewere ilibemo kwathunthu mwa mitundu yonse yazowombera. Ndipo ngakhale achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe amasiyana ndi mbalameyi samasiyana pazinthu zakunja. Komabe, kusiyanitsa mitundu ya scum kumathandizira kuyimba kwawo kwapadera.

Kusamalira thovu ndikosavuta. Pokhapokha mbalamezi zimatha kuchita zinthu zoyipa ndi nkhawa, nthawi yomweyo khola lophimbidwa ndi minofu. Izi zinyenyeswazi zimazolowera ku ukapolo ndipo milungu ingapo mutha kuzilola kuti ziuluke.

Chikhalidwe cha ozimitsa ndichamtendere, amatha kuyanjana ndi mitundu ina. Koma ndibwino osasiya amuna angapo pamodzi - akhoza kumakangana chifukwa chachikazi.

M'khola pafupi ndi wands mumayikidwa mitengo, mbale yomwera ndi chosambira. Ngati ma wands awiri, mutha kumanga nyumba, kapena kusiya udzu, mbewa ndi masamba omwe mbalame zimapanga chisa.

Pakanthawi yomweyo, zazikazi zimatsalira mazira 7 ochepa. Wamkazi amawaswa iwo kwa milungu iwiri, ndi kudyetsa ana mochuluka.

Pazakudya, mbalame zimakhalanso zonyozeka. Ndiwodyetsedwa tizilombo, mphutsi za ufa, zipatso ndi zipatso.

Koma ndi zokonda zawo zokongoletsa, omenyera nkhondo adzakondweretsa eni ake chaka chonse.

Kuyimba chiffon

Mtundu uliwonse wamakani umasiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo yake yapadera. Mwachitsanzo, nyimbo yokhala ngati thovu ya tenochka imafanana ndi phokoso la dontho. Mlendo wamtambo umaphatikizika mu nyimbo yake yomwe ndi kaphokoso kamene kamayimba ndi kulira kwachisoni. Wobiriwira wobiriwira amayimba mokweza komanso mochititsa chidwi. Nyimbo zapochki-zarnichki - muluzu wapamwamba.