Bulu wamadzi
Gulu la asayansi

• Asellus aquaticus aquaticus
• Asellus aquaticus carniolicus
• Asellus aquaticus caricus
• Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus
• Asellus aquaticus cyclobranchialis
• Asellus aquaticus infernus
• Asellus aquaticus irregularis
• Asellus aquaticus longicornis
• Asellus aquaticus messerianus
• Asellus aquaticus strinatii

Bulu wamadzi wamba (lat. Asellus aquaticus) - mtundu wa crustaceans wamadzi oyera kuchokera ku dongosolo la isosome crustaceans.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa burro yamadzi akulu kuyambira 10 mpaka 20 mm. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Pamutu pali maso awiri okhala pansi ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala tatifupi, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timatalika pafupifupi thupi. Ma mandibles amphamvu ndi asymmetric (monga ma peracarids ena), pa umodzi wawo (kumanzere) pali mbale yosunthira. Choyesa kudya cha mandibles chimatuma kuluma chakudya, ndipo ndimayimilira kuthengo - chifukwa akupera. Palp ya kuvomerezeka yokhala ndi magawo anayi. Pali awiriawiri a maxillas, gawo loyambirira la thoracic, lophatikizika ndi mutu, limanyamula nsagwada. Miyendo ya thoracic (thoracopods) ndi awiriawiri - atatu oyambayo amawongoleredwa kutsogolo, otsatira - mbali, ndipo atatu otsala - kumbuyo. Pa kutsogolo kwa miyendo yamiyala ya pectoral pamakhala zala zabodza. Miyendo yachinayi chachimuna ndi yayikulu kuposa zazikazi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhwima. Patsogoza miyendo inayi yakutsogolo kwamiyendo, akazi amakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka ndi masamba - oostegitis, ndikupanga chipinda cha ana (marsupium). Miyendo yam'mimba (pleopods) ya awiriawiri oyamba amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana amuna ndi akazi. Miyendo ya akazi oyamba mu akazi imachepetsedwa kwambiri, yachiwiri - yafupika kwathunthu. Amuna, onse awiriawiri amakhala osinthika kwambiri ndipo amatenga gawo lazida zambiri. Nthambi yakunja (exopodite) ya miyendo yachitatu yam'mimba imasinthidwa kukhala chophimba chomwe chimakwirira zofunikira za gill - nthambi yamkati (endopodite) yachiwiri ndi miyendo ya 4-5 awiri. Madera akumbuyo am'mimba (6th) ndi ma uropod, ali ndi nthambi zooneka ngati ndodo, amatuluka chakumbuyo ndikuchita ntchito yofunika. Magawo onse am'mimba, kupatula awiri omwe ali kunja, amaphatikizidwa ndi telson mu dipatimenti yodziwika bwino - pleotelson.

Kuswana

Nthawi yakubzala, yamphongo imagwira mkaziyo kwa pafupifupi sabata, kukhala pamsana pake. Zitatha izi, kukopera kumachitika, kenako zachikazi. Zachikazi zimayikira mazira 100 omwe amapita nawo mchikwama. Achichepere achichepere amasiya chikwamacho patatha masabata 3-6, pakadali pano amakhala ngati nyama zazikulu. Mimbulu ndi mbewa zoyambirira (masamba) otumphukira zomwe zimatulutsa mazira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera kutsogolo kwa chifuwa - mwina embilonic gill. Mu chipinda cha ana, mphutsi zimachita molts zitatu, kenako burro yaying'ono yamadzi itatuluka m'chipindacho.

Habitat

Bulu wamadzi amakhala pamadzi othamanga kapena otsika kwambiri. Imadyanso nyemba zowola zamasamba, imakhala yonyentchera ndi madzi komanso yolimba. Imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi m'malo otsika kwambiri a okosijeni kapenanso ngakhale m'mikhalidwe ya anaerobic. Bulu wamadzi ndi chizindikiro cha matupi amadzi owuma, koma amathanso kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi abwino. Zosungirako zikauma, zimakumba pansi. Bulu lamadzi limatha kupezeka chaka chonse, kuphatikiza pansi pazosungira madzi oundana.

Moyo

Abulu amadzi amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo osati kusambira, koma poyenda pansi. Zimakhala pansi kapena kukwera mbewu zamadzi. Nyama zimawoneka zaulesi, koma zowopsa zimatha kukhwima. Amatha kukana mafunde amphamvu ndikuyenda motsutsana ndi zomwe zilipo. M'malo osungirako okhala ndi masentimita oposa 5 pamphindi, satenga nthawi yayitali. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakuyenderera kumeneku palibe malo okwanira ochokera kumafa azomera monga chakudya chopatsa thanzi abulu. Chiyembekezo cha moyo chiri pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.

Monga mitundu ina ya macrobenthos, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chakudya chansomba m'khola la chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kukhala onyamula acantocephalosis a nsomba, ngati ali ndi kachilombo.Acanthocephala) Mitundu yambiri ya ma invertebrates acarnivorous, monga leeches, nsikidzi zamadzi, etc., amadya abulu amadzi.

Kodi bulu wamadzi amakhala kuti?

Woimira isopods wodziwika kwambiri ndi gulu lodziwika bwino lomwe limapezeka m'malo a m'mphepete mwa dziwe, nyanja komanso ngakhale mabwinja m'dziko lathu.

M'madzi okhala ndi maphunzirowa, sakhala wamba, madzi amakonda kuyimirira. Abulu amadzi samasambira ngati ambiri crustaceans - ndi kunjenjemera, koma wogawana moyenda mtsogolo. Pakusambira, crustacean amagwira thupi moyimilira.

M'mizinda yamadzimadzi, zolengedwa izi zimathamanga mwachangu, zala pang'ono pang'ono ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndikuyika patsogolo tinyanga 4. Ngati crustacean yachotsedwa m'madzi, imayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi pa kulemera kwa thupi lake. Miyendo yake ilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti aziwakwera ndikuyenda pamtunda.

Bulu wamadzi, ngati isosomes ena, ali ndi thupi lathyathyathya. Pamutu pali awiriawiri a tinyanga, maso ogona ndi nsagwada. Miyendo yopyapyala ya Thoracic imakhala ndi zing'ono zazing'ono zabodza. Mwa akazi, kutsogolo kwa miyendo yamiyala ya pictoral ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati masamba, omwe, atatsamira wina ndi mnzake, amapanga thumba la ana. Miyendo yolimba yosayenda ya crustaceans nthawi zambiri imathyoledwa, ndipo nthawi zina imadulidwa ndi adani, koma ikasungunuka miyendo imasinthidwanso, ngakhale kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa pang'ono kuposa enawo.

Bulu kudyetsa

Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi mbewu zowola. Kuchulukana kwa abulu amadzi ndi chifukwa choti safunanso kukhala ndi moyo, chifukwa pali mbewu zambiri zowola kulikonse. Chomera chowola chotsalira cha crustacean chimadyanso pansi. Amakumba minofu yofewa kuchokera kumbewu, ndipo pamangotsala zingwe, zopangidwa ndi maselo owonda.

Abulu amadzi amadyanso chamoyo chamoyo. Koma abulu ambiri am'madzi amakhala mosakhalitsa m'malo omwe amasungirako masamba ambiri omwe amawonongeka. Zilombozi zimakonda masamba a alder, elm, oak. Koma amakonda singano kwambiri. Zakudya zokondedwa - mwala wokongoletsedwa, womwe umaboweka pansi pamiyendo ndi maluwa am'madzi. Bulu patsiku amadya chakudya chochuluka, chomwe ndi 5% ya thupi lake. Mu moyo wonse, bulu wamadzi aliyense amadya pafupifupi mamilogalamu 170 a chakudya chomera.

Kufunika kwa Abulu Amadzi M'moyo Wamadziwe Opanda Madzi

Zinyama zazing'onozi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'miyoyo yamadzi mu nkhalango ndi malo okhala nkhalango m'dziko lathu. Abulu amadzi ndi amodzi mwa zinthu zochepa zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba owola ndikusintha mphamvu zawo kukhala mitundu yomwe imapezeka kwa zolengedwa zina. Aghunganiwa amagwiranso ntchito ngati nyongolotsi zam'madzi, zomwe zimayenda masamba atagwa, abulu amadzi okha amapanga masamba omwe agwera m'madzi.

Ngati masamba ambiri agwa, abulu amadzi amakula ambiri. Mwa biomass yawo, amatha kukhala malo oyamba pakati pa nyama zina zamadzi zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, mu Rybinsk Reservoir, ndiye gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zolengedwa zam'munsi.

Abulu amasonkhanitsa michere yomwe ili m'masamba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha nsomba. Ma crustaceans amapezeka nthawi zonse m'matumbo a ruffs, carps, crucians, burbots ndi whitefish. Pa Sakhalin, abulu amadzi ndiye maziko azakudya za burbot. Pa Nyanja ya Baikal nyama za crustaceanszi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Nyanjayi ndi yakale kwambiri, sikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi matupi amadzi ena, ndipo kuya kwake ndi kukula kwake ndizodabwitsa. Mitundu yambiri ya ma crustaceans omwe amakhala ku Nyanja ya Baikal ndi osiyana, sapezeka m'madzi ena, ndiye kuti amapezeka ku Nyanja ya Baikal. Abulu am'nyanja ya Baikal amakhala m'makola amiyala pakati pa miyala komanso pansi pa miyala, motero samatha kuwedza.

Kudzikundikira kwa abulu amadzi.

Kubadwa kwatsopano kwambiri kwa bulu wam'nyanja kuchokera ku nyanja zam'madzi ndi chingwe cham'madzi, chomwe chimadya nkhuni ndikuvulaza nyumba. Kunja, mitengo yamatondo ndiyofanana ndi nsabwe za nkhuni. M'mayiko a kumpoto ndi Kum'mawa kwa Asia, mitundu inayi ya crustaceansyi imadziwika. Kukhazikika komwe opanga nkhuni amapanga ndi matabwa am'madzi. Crustaceans amasunthira nkhuni mothandizidwa ndi mandibles awo akuthwa, ndikuwononga, monga lamulo, chilimwe, zigawo zofewa, ndikusiya ozizira. Amakumba timiyala tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo kuposa kutalika kwa matupi awo. Kusuntha konse kumalumikizidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi bowo limodzi kapena awiri. M'masunthowa, nthawi zambiri akazi amakhala amoyo, kutalika kwake komwe kumafikira mamilimita asanu ndi abambo ang'ono. Koma mtengowo umawonongeka makamaka ndi akazi. Matabwa opakidwa ndi ma crustaceans amamasuka ndikutuluka, chifukwa chotsatira chake nkhuni zimatha mphamvu.

Momwemonso, nyongolosi zimachulukana. Kukula kwachichepere kumasankhidwa pamadutsa ndikusambira m'malo mwake mwachangu ndi mbali yake yakumaso pansi pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yam'mimba. Nyama zazing'ono siziyenda mtunda wopitilira mita imodzi kuchokera komwe zimabadwira. Ma crustaceanswa amakhazikika nthawi yochepa chabe chifukwa chamadzi am'nyanja.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Bulu Habitat

Bulu wamadzi a Crustacean amapezeka m'dera pafupifupi lonse la Europe, ku Central Russia ndi Caucasus. Ma crustaceans ang'ono amakhala m'madzi oyera, amakonda mitsinje yaying'ono yokhala ndi pang'onopang'ono, nyanja ndi madamu. Amatha kupezeka ngakhale m'matumba akuluakulu. Abulu abisala m'nkhokwe za zomera zam'madzi komanso pansi pa miyala.

Ngati nkhokwe ili ndi zomera zambiri zowola, ndiye kuti anthu ochita kusokosera amakhala m'madzimo. Pa mita lalikulu, pali anthu pafupifupi 7,000. Zomera zowongoka komanso zopondera ndi chakudya cha crustaceans. Amadzipangira udzuwo, ndikudziunjikira zokha mkati mwake, pambuyo pake zimadzakhala chakudya cha nsomba zingapo. Ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono ali ndi adani ambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Abulu amadzi ndi olimba ndipo amatha kukhala m'madzi opanda mpweya wambiri. Dziwe likawuma, ndiye kuti crustaceans imaboweka kapena ili munthawi yopumira mozama mpaka kugwa.

Anthu okongoletsa

Anthu ena okonda moyo wam'madzi amadzaza dala m'malo awo am'madzi. Izi zolengedwa ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwonera. Kwa iwo, otsika pang'ono ndioyenera, pomwe mchenga wowuma umathiridwa ndikuyika timiyala tating'ono. Theka la nkhokwe liyenera kubzalidwa ndi mbewu.

Ngati aquarium yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mbewu zomwe zili mmenemo zakula zokwanira, ndiye kuti abulu sangathe kudyetsedwa, chifukwa amadyetsa izi.

Zomera zam'madzi

Nthawi zambiri, abulu am'madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu yodyetsa, popeza ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi phindu lawo lazakudya. Chifukwa choti chitinous wosanjikiza cha crustaceans ndiwofewa, nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zimatha kuzidya. Ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa oyenda m'madzi omwe amasamba nsomba zomwe ndizovuta kuzisamalira.

Zoweta crustaceans anthu 10−20 amatsogolera mu dziwe lotalikirana lopanda chofowoka. Payenera kukhala akazi ambiri kuposa achimuna. Pansi pa aquarium pamakhala masamba ndi masamba aku Javanese moss. Monga chakudya cha crustaceans chimagwiritsa ntchito hercule ndi zidutswa zamasamba.

Zikatero, crustaceans amabereka mwachangu kwambiri. Kuti adyetse nsomba, amang'amba masamba omwe abulu amakhala kwambiri, ndikuwatsuka m'madzi ndi nsomba.

Woimira aliyense wamtchire ndiwokonda kuyang'ana. Abulu amadzi sangakhale chakudya cha anthu okhala m'madzimo, komanso amatithandizanso kukhala ziweto.