Mwachilengedwe, pali zolengedwa zambiri zokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. M'modzi mwa oimira ufumuwo ndi nyama ya ku Siberian musk (Latin Moschus moschiferus), wa banja lanyama la musk.
Ambiri amatcha nyama zonenepa kwambiri kachilombo kakang'ono kopanda nyanga. Kupatula apo, nyama yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mita mpaka mita ndipo kutalika kwake kufota mpaka 70 cm imakhala pamalo apakati pakati pa agwape ndi agwape. Kulemera kwake ndikuchokera 11 mpaka 18 kg. Ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa kutsogolo.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe onga agwape. Ali ndi nguluwe komanso mutu wa kangaroo.
Koma mulibe nyanga za nyama. Ndi amuna omwe ali zopindika zazitalikusewera ngati chida chamtundu wa akazi m'manja mwa mkazi. Mano ooneka ngati ma foni amapatsa ululu wa musk mawonekedwe owopsa. Komabe, nthanda zokhala ngati zabwinobwino.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mitunduyo ndi kupezeka kwa m'mimba, yomwe imatulutsa musk. Ndikofunikira kuti amuna azikopa akazi. Gland wamkaka uli ndi 10 g g ya zinthu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodula kwambiri za nyama. Mu musk, China imapanga mankhwala opitilira 400.
Mwa njira, dzina lake lachi Latin - Moschus moschiferus, musk deer analandira chifukwa cha musk.
Khwangwala wa Musk ndi jumper yabwino. Nyama ikhoza kusintha mozungulira pa 90º pa liwiro lalitali. Ndipo kuthawa adani, ngati mbawala imathina kukasambira, ngati kalulu. Kuphatikiza apo, agulu ang'onoang'ono amatha kukwera ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kuti akafike ku ma penni pamiyendo ya mitengo.
Mbawala za Musk zitha kuwoneka m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ku Eastern Himalayas ndi Siberia, Sakhalin, Tibet, ndi Korea. Amakhala m'malo odetsedwa ndi miyala.
Fungo la mngelo, zopangika ziwanda
Kuluka kwa musk kuli ngati ngulu yaying'ono, nthawi zina amatchedwa deer wokhala ndi fungo lonunkhira, komanso - musk ram, kapena musk deer. Amuna ali ndi chimbudzi chapadera cham'mimba, kukula kwa dzira la nkhuku, yomwe imatulutsa musk (gelatinous, fungo lamankhwala lonunkhira komanso fungo lamphamvu kwambiri). Chinali ichi chomwe chinapangitsa kuti kusaka, kapena m'malo mwake, kuthamangitsa kwa nyama za musk kupindule kwambiri. Kupatula apo, musk imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino onse mu mankhwala onunkhira komanso mankhwala am'mawa.
Kulongosola koyamba kwa nyamayo kunayambitsidwa ndi munthu wotchuka wapaulendo Marco Polo kalelo m'zaka za zana la 13: "Nyama yokhala ndi mphoyo imakhala ndi ubweya wambiri ngati mbawala, miyendo ngati mphoyo, yopanda nyanga."
Ngati mujambula mwatsatanetsatane chithunzi, mumalandira chithunzi chotsatira: kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 1 mita, kutalika kwa kufota - mpaka 70 masentimita, kulemera - pafupifupi 11 - 18 kg, mchira wamfupi pansi pake pomwe pamakhala kabowo kakang'ono. Ndikosavuta kutchula chithunzi chabwino cha musk deer. Onse "zofunkha" miyendo yakumbuyo, yotalika kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo, nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Chifukwa chake, nyamayo imawoneka ngati ikuswedwa. Chifukwa chake zonena kuti zimawoneka ngati kangaroo.
Koma nthawi zambiri, zowoneka bwino, maonekedwe a musk akuyerekeza ndi agwape, ngakhale pali kusiyana kumodzi kofunikira - kusowa kwa nyanga. Koma mwa amuna, mafangamanga omwe amatuluka pansi pamilomo amapangidwa mwaluso. Amakula miyoyo yawo yonse, ndipo, kupindika, kutuluka pakamwa pawo ngati mavu, kutsika masentimita 5-8. Ndi mano oyera, owala kwambiri okhala ndi m'mphepete kumbuyo omwe amasewera zida zankhondo pomenyera wamkazi nthawi yakukhwima kwa nyengo yachisanu. Izi ndi ndewu zenizeni, pomwe wina mwa omenyera amatha kutsitsa wina pansi, kenako nkumamenya.
Ngwazi zamkaka zimathandiza kupulumuka kuzizira kwambiri kwa Baikal; ubweya wake ndiwotalikirapo, wandiweyani, koma wopanda phokoso. Zachilengedwe zinapanga mkanjo wokongola kuchokera ku malaya amakono a ubweya. Kupaka utoto, komwe malo owoneka ofiira osawoneka bwino kumayalidwa pang'onopang'ono pamtunda wakuda, kumalola msuzi wa musk kuti "usungunuke" m'nkhalangoyi, kumbuyo kwa mitengo yomwe ikukula ndikugwa, pakati pamiyala ndi miyala yamiyala yamdima ya Siberi. Mikwingwirima iwiri yopepuka yotambasuka m'khosi yaimuna kuyambira pachifuwa kupita kumiyendo yakutsogolo, ngati kuti yogawana thupi mbali ziwiri. Izi zimathandizira kuluka kwa musk kuti asawoneke akusewera ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso mthunzi.
Nthawi zonse pakukhala tcheru, okonzeka kusiya pomwepo, kuthamanga kwambiri pamtunda wautali, ngwazi za musk sizitha kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chimasamalira ziboda zake. Zingwezo ndizowonda, zowongoka, zimatha kusunthidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nyanga yofewa yomwe ili pachivundikiro cha zibowo imalepheretsa kulimba kwa musk kuti asatsike pamiyala ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi ayeziyo.
Musungu wa Musk mu nthano ndi nthano zaku Siberia
Nkhani ya m'modzi mwa anthu ochepa kwambiri aku Asia Siberia, a Tofalars, imafotokoza bwino za mawonekedwe a mbewe za musk.
Tinakhala mu taiga lalikulu elk moose ndi mwana musk deer. Sukhaty akuti:
- Chifukwa chiyani ndinu ochepa, opepuka? Mukuwononga mtundu wathu wamakhalidwe amphamvu
"Ndinu wamkulu, ndipo ngati muwerenga, ndiye kuti mumakhala ndi tsitsi lochepera kuposa langa."
Sukhaty anali wotsimikiza kuti palibe nyama yayikulu kuposa iye mu taiga yonse, motero adaganiza nthawi yomweyo kuti awone ngati ndani akulondola. Adayamba kufufuzira, taganizirani yemwe ali ndi ubweya wambiri - ubweya Adaganiza kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo zidapezeka kuti ngwazi za musk zidalinso ndi tsitsi zina zisanu kuposa mphalapala. Adakwiya, ndikukweza mwendo wake wakutsogolo kuti agunde musk deer. Koma anakwanitsa kuluma, ndipo ziboda zake za chimphonazo zinangomukhudza kumbuyo - ndipo kunangotsala pang'ono kuwongolera ...
Khwangwala wa musk ndi nyama yobisalira kwambiri, yotha msanga komanso yochenjera. Kwa nthawi yayitali sizinatheke kuwonera kutchire, ndipo ma sham anthu a ku Siberia adagwiritsa ntchito zida za musk ngati zisumbu. Zowonadi zoterezi zidakhala maziko akuwoneka ngati nthano zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuti mbawala zamtchire zimakonda kudya magazi a nyama zina. Izi, zachidziwikire, sizigwirizana ndi zenizeni, popeza asayansi adatsimikizira kuyambira kale kuti musk deer ndi cholengedwa cha herbivore.
Zachidziwikire 5 pa
- pa musk deer, the one of all dees, nthawi yachikondi imagwera nthawi yachisanu kwambiri (kumapeto kwa Novembara - Disembala),
- kubisala kuti isakutsatire, mphepo zamkati yamkati ndipo imasokoneza mayendedwe mu chipale chofewa ngati hare,
- Ngwazi za musk - jumper yowopsya, pafupifupi yosayerekezeka pakati pa nyama zamtchire. Miyendo yam'mbuyo yolimba imakulolani kuti mupange kulumpha kwakukulu kwa obliobatic, kutalika komanso kutalika. Pakulumpha, amaika miyendo yonse nthawi imodzi, pomwe amakankhira miyendo yonse nthawi imodzi. Kukhala akulumpha, osachepetsa, chilombo chimatha kutembenuza madigiri 90 ndikusintha mayendedwe kapena kuimitsa nthawi yomweyo komanso osangokhala chete. Kuphatikiza pa kulumpha kuchokera pamagetsi kupita kumtundu, ndipo kuyenda bwino, mbawala ya musk imatha kudutsana ndi chimanga chaching'ono,
- Zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri ndi lichen, pomwe nthawi yozizira imakhala 95% ya chakudya chake. Ngwazi zodula zosunthika zimatha kukwera pamtengo, kuterera, chipale chofewa, kapena kudumphira m'nthambi mpaka nthambi yayitali mamita 3-4,
- patsiku, kulawa kwa musk kuluma mpaka 200 kapena kuposerapo tchire, kumadina mpaka gramu imodzi. Ichi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zake zazikulu, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala mu chipale chofewa. Kusiya chakudya “m'malo”, pang'onopang'ono nyama zamkati zimadya, ndipo osati zonse nthawi. Koma njanjiyo yaikidwa kale mu chisanu, pali "msewu", ndipo izi zimapatsa mwayi kwa musk mwayi wopewa ndalama zosafunikira zamagetsi kuti agonjetse chisanu.
Chibwana cha musk
Pangani kuwonekera kwambiri pazakudya zaogwiritsa ntchito kapena pezani malo a PROMO kuti anthu ambiri awerenge nkhani yanu.
- Promo Yabwino
- Zithunzithunzi 3,000 KP
- Zolemba 5,000 KP
- 30,000 mawu osonyeza 299 KP
- Kuunikira 49 KP
Ziwerengero zamapulogalamu ama promo zimawonekera mumalipiro.
Gawani nkhani yanu ndi anzanu kudzera pa Intaneti.
Maonekedwe a musk deer
Nkhope ya artiodactyl iyi imafanana ndi kangaroo, koma nyama izi sizimadziwika. Kufota kumafika mpaka 70 cm. Thupi losinja la musk lili pafupifupi mita imodzi.
Amakhala ndi mchira wamfupi, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 5-6. Wachikulire amalemera kuyambira 8 mpaka 18 kg. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi yifupi kumbuyo, kutsogolo kwa thupi kumatsitsidwa ndipo ndi kotsika kuposa kumbuyo. Palibe nyanga pagulu la musk. Amuna atchinga pakamwa pawo. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 6-8 cm.
Kuphatikizira kwa mbawala ya musk kumakhala ngati kangaroo.
Thupi la artiodactyl limaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Mtundu wake umasiyanasiyana kuyambira pakanthawi kena mpaka pamtundu wakuda. Chovala pamimba ndichopepuka. Achinyamata m'mphepete ndi kumbuyo kwawo ali ndi timayipi tating'ono ta utoto wonyezimira, womwe umatha ndi zaka. Ziboda za nyama izi ndizakuthwa komanso zowonda. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa zazikazi. Oimira mtunduwu ali ndi chiwalo chapadera cham'mimba chomwe chimatulutsa musk, yomwe ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri pamsika. Mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi $ 45,000 pa 1 kg.
Khalidwe lanthete wama Musk ndi zakudya
Gulu lililonse la artiodactyl kapena gulu lililonse limakhala ndi chiwembu chake ndi chakudya, chomwe alendo samaloledwa. Kukula kwake, izi zitha kukhala mahekitala 20. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya ndi zakudya zam'mera: fern, lichens, masamba a mabulosi, singano, akavalo. Khwangwala wa musk samadya chakudya chanyama.
Nyama izi zimalumphira bwino ndipo zimathamanga mwangwiro, pomwe zikuthamanga zikuwonetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, zimatha kutembenuka mwachangu kapena mosachedwa. Zimakhala zovuta kuti adani azigwira nyama yodwala komanso yokalamba. Adani akuluakulu a artiodactyl ndi nkhandwe, lynx ndi wolverine.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mbawala zamkaka zimakonda moyo wamtundu, koma nthawi zina ma artiodactyl amenewa amakhala m'magulu okhala ndi ochepa. Amakhala ndi nthawi yaukwati mu Disembala-Januware. Poyamba, amuna amenyera zazikazi, pomwe amadulira wolimbana naye ndi ma fang ndi kumenya ziboda, amakhala achangu makamaka atayamba kugwa. Kulimbana koteroko nthawi zambiri kumatha ndikumwalira kwa wamwamuna m'modzi.
Kutalika kwa pakati ndi miyezi 6.5. Ana obadwa 1-2 amabadwa. Yaikazi imadyetsa ana mkaka kwa miyezi itatu. Nyama izi zimakhwima pofika zaka 1.5. Chiyembekezo chokhala m'tchire ndi zaka 5-6. Ali mu ukapolo, artiodactyls amakhalabe ndi zaka 12-14.
Chiwerengero
Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuba. Cholinga chachikulu chopha nyama izi ndi musk, womwe nthawi yomweyo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ku East komanso ngati chinthu chopangira mafuta onunkhira ku West. Gland yopanga musk imatha kuchotsedwa popanda kupha nyama za musk, koma izi zimachitika pamapulogalamu apadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Saudi Arabia.
Masiku ano, anthu pafupifupi 3,000,000. Gawani magulu apadera okhala ku Sakhalin ndikuwerengetsa pafupifupi 600 mwa ma artiodactyl. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Far East - anthu pafupifupi 150,000. Kum'mawa kwa Siberia kumakhala nyama pafupifupi 30,000. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Mongolia ndi nyama zikwi zisanu. Chiwerengero cha artiodactyls ku Korea ndi China sichikudziwika.
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